On the Zoogeography of Southern African Decapod Crustacea, with a Distributional Checklist of the Species

BRIAN KENSLEY

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 338 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoo/ogy Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover.

S. Dillon Ripley Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 338

On the Zoogeography of Southern African Decapod Crustacea, with a Distributional Checklist of the Species

Brian Kensley

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1981 ABSTRACT Kensley, Brian. On the Zoogeography of Southern African Decapod Crus- tacea, with a Distributional Checklist of the Species. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 338, 64 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables, 1981.—Decapod crusta- cean research in southern Africa is reviewed. The terrestrial and freshwater, pelagic, and benthic decapods are discussed separately. The Atlantic, Indo- Pacific, and endemic components of the benthic fauna are discussed, related to neighboring islands, seamounts, and shoals, and compared with other southern hemisphere faunas. A checklist for about 700 species, with vertical and geographical distribution information, is provided.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavemosa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Kensley, Brian Frederick. On the zoogeography of Southern African decapod Crustacea. (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 338) Bibliography: p. 1. Decapoda (Crustacea)—Africa, Southern—Geographical distribution. 2. Crustacea—Geo- graphical distribution. 3. Crustacea—Africa, Southern—Geographical distribution. I. Ti- tle. II. Series. QLI.S54 no. 338 (QL444.M33] 591s 81-607972 [595.3'840968] AACR2 Contents

Page Introduction 1 Acknowledgments I Brief Historical Review of Decapod Collecting and Research in South- ern Africa 1 Geographical Limits of the Present Study 3 Composition and Zoogeography of the Southern African Decapod Fauna 4 Terrestrial and Freshwater Decapoda 4 Pelagic Natantia 5 Benthic Decapoda 7 Endemic Decapoda 10 Origin of the Southern African Decapod Fauna 13 Decapoda from Neighboring Islands, Seamounts, and Shoals 14 Comparison of Decapoda with Other Benthic Crustacea from Southern Africa 15 Comparison of the Decapod Faunas of Australia, New Zealand, South America, and Southern Africa 16 Checklist of Southern African Decapoda 16 Sources of Data 16 Notes on the Checklist 17 Literature Cited 51

in

On the Zoogeography of Southern African Decapod Crustacea, with a Distributional Checklist of the Species

Brian Kensley

Introduction eries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, for reading the manuscript and Since Barnard's (1950) invaluable mono- for providing many useful comments and criti- graphic treatment, no single comprehensive work cisms, and for additional data; and to Mrs. Cyn- on southern African Decapoda has appeared. The thia Brown for assistance with maps and figures. decapod fauna has, however, received consider- able attention, and many new records have been noted. While much taxonomic work remains to Brief Historical Review of Decapod Collecting be done, and while many southern African areas and Research in Southern Africa have been poorly collected, it was nevertheless thought useful to review the group as a whole, Probably the earliest serious collector of south- drawing such zoogeographic conclusions as are ern African decapods was Sir Andrew Smith, possible from the available data. To this end, a founder of the South African Museum, who, on species list has been compiled to give some idea, his return to England in 1837, gave his collection albeit incomplete, of the total fauna known to of crabs to W. S. MacLeay. This resulted in the date and to enable comparisons with other areas. earliest report on southern African decapods, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—My sincere thanks are "The Annulosa of South Africa" in Smith's Zool- due to the trustees and director and staff of the ogy of South Africa of 1838. Several of MacLeay's South African Museum, Cape Town, for assist- types are now in the Australian Museum, Sydney. ance and hospitality during my visits in 1978 and Dr. Ferdinand Krauss spent the years 1838- 1979; to the Zoology Department of the Univer- 1840 collecting around the South African coast sity of Cape Town for the use of collections and and published Die Siidafrikanischen Crustaceen in data; to Dr. F. A. Chace, Jr., and Dr. R. B. 1843. Several expedition vessels subsequently col- Manning of the Smithsonian Institution, and Dr. lected in southern African waters, including the I. Perez-Farfante and Dr. A. B. Williams of the Challenger, Gazelle, Valdivia, and Gauss, as well as Systematics Laboratory, National Marine Fish- the United States North Pacific Exploring Expe- dition. Ortmann (1896) based his zoogeographic Brian Kensley, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. discussions on decapods and included this accu- 20560. mulated knowledge in his pioneering work. I SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

The next important addition to knowledge greater depths by the U.S. Exploring Expedition, came from the work of the Cape Colony research the Pieter Faure, the John D. Gilchrist, and the vessel Pieter Faure from 1897-1907. These collec- Thomas B. Davie, the latter two being research tions were first reported on by the Rev. T. R. R. vessels of the University of Cape Town. A com- Stebbing, and later by K. H. Barnard, both in prehensive checklist of the fauna of False Bay the Marine Investigations of South Africa, and in the resulted from this work (Day, Field, and Penrith Annals of the South African Museum. The first check- 1970). Delagoa Bay and Inhaca Island, Mozam- list of South African Crustacea was produced by bique, received considerable attention following Stebbing (1910) in the Annals of the South African K. H. Barnard's visit in 1914. Up to the early Museum. The Union government vessel Pickle 1970s the University of the Witwatersrand con- made several collections during the 1920s, the ducted annual visits to the island's research sta- material being examined by Stebbing, Caiman, tion and documented the fauna and flora of the and Barnard. The culmination of all this work region (MacNae and Kalk, 1958). The South was K. H. Barnard's Descriptive Catalogue of South African Museum collected from Inhaca Island to African Decapod Crustacea published in 1950, in Vilanculos and Magaruque Island (22°01'S, which about 500 species were reviewed. 35°19'E) in the north during 1971 and 1973. The present list contains about 700 species. Until recently the continental shelf beyond the The extra species and records have been added 200 m line had been poorly sampled, and only in by several workers. Barnard (1954, 1955, 1958) scattered areas such as Lambert's Bay, Saldanha included several new records as a result of the Bay, Table Bay, False Bay, and the Agulhas Bank collecting done by the universities of Cape Town in the Still Bay area. Up to 1975, the most and the Witwatersrand. Several contributions comprehensive but still very inadequate report have since been made to the southern African on shelf/slope decapods dealt with a very limited decapod literature, including Forest (1954) on area off the Cape Peninsula, which was the result hermit crabs, Hayashi and Miyake (1968) on of the South African Museum-Division of Sea stylodactylids, Griffin (1968) on majid crabs, Fisheries deep trawling of the R.V. Africana II Grindley (1961) on Natal crabs, Berry (1969a,b (Kensley, 1968). In 1975, the South African Mu- 1971, 1979) on palinurans and nephropids, Hay- seum initiated a five-year program of sampling ashi (1975) on processids, de Freitas (1979) on the deep benthic and pelagic fauna off the east penaeids, and Kensley (1968-1980) on a variety coast from the Mozambique border to Transkei, of groups. with the help of the C.S.I.R. R.V. Meiring Naude. Certain areas around the coast, for one reason The resulting 256 stations form the most compre- or another, have received more attention than hensive if still inadequate collection of decapods others, resulting in gaps in distributional knowl- from deep water in southern Africa (Kensley, edge. Decapods from Liideritz, South West Af- 1977a,b, 1980a). rica, have been collected by the German South There are areas which have enjoyed little or no Pole Expedition, the University of Cape Town, sampling, and which accordingly weaken any and the South African Museum. Saldanha Bay, zoogeographic conclusions. These include much and more particularly Langebaan Lagoon, has of the continental shelf, especially the Agulhas been extremely well sampled because of the an- Bank, and the entire West Coast; also the Tran- nual student camps and surveys of the Zoology skei-Pondoland-Zululand shallow waters (with Department of the University of Cape Town. the exception of the Durban area). This latter Most estuaries have been sampled by the same omission is unfortunate, as the area includes the institution, while False Bay, Cape Province, be- transitional zone from the Semitropical East cause of its easy accessibility and position, has Coast Province to the Warm Temperate South been well sampled both intertidally and from Coast Province. NUMBER 338

Geographical Limits of the Present Study the exception of Kalk (1959), there are almost no published records of decapods north of Vilancu- The area covered by the present work has not los. In his work on the Mollusca, Barnard (1974) been too rigidly defined so as to allow inclusion stated that the 15° latitude seemed too wide an of as many records as possible. The northern limit area, and accordingly placed his limits at the on the west coast is taken as the mouth of the Tropic of Capricorn, i.e., Walvis Bay on the west Kunene River, the brachyurans of the West Af- and Inhambane on the east. rican region from southern Angola northwards As to distance out to sea, almost no limit has having been dealt with by Monod (1956) and been placed in this work. Apart from the 256 Manning and Holthuis (1981). A list of intertidal Meiring Naude stations mentioned earlier, little decapods is included in a checklist of shore ani- work has been done beyond the 200 m line. A mals from Mocamedes, southern Angola (Ken- very few Division of Sea Fisheries stations extend sley and Penrith, 1973). On the east coast, Vilan- from about 5° to 45° east and to 45° south. These culos in Mozambique is taken as the northern have been included in this survey, as well as the limit. (See Figure 1.) Barnard (1950) adopted the isolated stations on the seamounts Tripp and 15° latitude as his northern limit on both the east Vema, and Walter's Shoal. For comparative pur- and west coasts in his monographic work on the poses, the decapod faunas of St. Helena Island, decapods, as well as in his earlier work on fish Ascension, and the Tristan da Cunha group, (1925). This corresponds with Mocamedes on the Marion and Prince Edward and Gough islands, west and Mozambique Island on the east. With have also been considered.

Mofdmede 15°

Cope SOUTH-WEST

20° AFRICA Swokopmund

Wolvis Boy

25*

Port 3(f Lambert s St. Helena Bay^ CAPE PROVINCE Langebaa Cope Town 35° Cape Agulhas

10° 15° 20° 25° 30° 35° 40° 45' 50° FIGURE 1.—Map of southern Africa showing major collecting localities. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Composition and Zoogeography several small closely situated rivers, the definition of the Southern African Decapod Fauna of species becomes blurred. Thus the Cape Prov- ince is characterized by P. perlatus (H. Milne- In an analysis of any large and heterogeneous Edwards), and Natal by P. sidneyi (Rathbun), but group of organisms, a knowledge of the modes of a wide range of overlap occurs from which tran- life, life histories, and habitats is essential if non- sitional forms showing features of both species sensical interpretations are to be avoided. Thus have been recorded. Similarly, where P. perlatus in the following discussion, the decapods are dealt (H. Milne-Edwards) overlaps with P. warreni Cai- with in several sections. The terrestrial and fresh- man in the Orange Free State and Transvaal, water forms are only briefly mentioned. The ma- transitional forms are found. These forms lead rine forms are dealt with in three separate sec- one to suspect the subgeneric divisions proposed tions, viz., shallow benthic (intertidal to 200 m), by Bott (1955). deep benthic (beyond the 200 m line), and pelagic Gecarcinautes brincki Bott, recorded from the forms. mountain streams of the southwestern Cape Prov- TERRESTRIAL AND FRESHWATER DECAPODA.— ince, has its closest relatives in the rivers of Mad- Two macruran, one anomuran, and three brach- agascar. yuran families have representatives either on land Gecarcinidae: There are not many records of or in freshwater in southern Africa. Freshwater land crabs from southern Africa, the gecarcinids shrimps are found amongst the Atyidae and Pa- being tropical in distribution and essentially noc- laemonidae; the Coenobitidae contain the only turnal. Cardisoma carnifex (Herbst) has been re- terrestrial hermit crabs, while the Gecarcinidae corded northwards from Durban, while C. arma- and Grapsidae include the terrestrial crabs. The tum Herklots occurs on the west African coast freshwater crabs all belong to the Potamonauti- from Mocamedes northwards. dae. Grapsidae: Geograpsus stormi de Man, being a Potamonautidae: With the exception of Gecarci- tropical Indo-Pacific species, has also been re- nautes brincki Bott (I960), all the freshwater crabs corded northwards from Durban on the east of southern Africa belong to the genus Potamon- coast. autes, which is exclusively African. Eight species Coenobitidae: Of the land hermit crabs, Coenob- occur south of the Zambesi River. It is postulated ita rugosus H. Milne-Edwards is known from the (Bott, 1955) that the Potamonautidae originated east African coast north of Natal and the Indo- from marine ancestors of the Tethys Sea in the Pacific region, while C. cavipes Stimpson appears Northern Hemisphere. Palaeontological evidence to be restricted to the Indian Ocean. seems to indicate this origin somewhere near the Atyidae: Of the more than 20 genera of the end of the Cretaceous or the beginning of the Atyidae, only Caridina occurs in southern Africa, Tertiary. One section of the ancestors left the sea where it is represented by four species, some of and migrated onto land, while the ancestors of which are of doubtful validity. The uncertainty the Potamonautes group entered fresh water and of the taxonomic position of the species is due to migrated southward down the African continent the variability of the forms and the paucity of via the major river systems and lakes of the Rift collecting. Material, usually only a few specimens Valley complex. This southward migration, along from isolated localities, is all that is available at with adaptive radiation, led to the formation of present. Intensive collecting over a wide area is species or species-groups, each characteristic of a needed before reliable specific definitions may be particular river or river-system. Where a river- derived. system is relatively isolated, well-defined species Caridina typus H. Milne-Edwards, a species sup- such as P. bayonianus (Brito-Capello) of the Ku- posedly found on several Indian Ocean islands, nene River have arisen. Where several river-sys- the western Pacific, and Queensland, Australia, tems interlink or where a large area is drained by has been recorded from several rivers in Natal, NUMBER 338 including the Umhloti, Umgeni, Illovo, Umbilo, has since been found in Tanzania and Madagas- and Uvongo. Caridina nilotica (Roux) varies with car. In southern Africa it has spread down the regard to egg size, and this has given rise to the river systems of the east coast, and is known from description of varieties such as C. nilotica var. southern Mozambique, Zululand, Natal, East paucipara Weber (1897) and C. nilotica var. natal- London, and the eastern Transvaal. Macrobrachium ensis de Man (1908a). Habitat also plays a role in equidens (Dana) inhabits the lower reaches and the degree of variation, as lacustrine and fluviatile estuaries of rivers in Natal and southern Moz- forms of this species have been distinguished. The ambique. species is widespread, occurring throughout East Macrobrachium rude (Heller), M. petersi (Hilgen- Africa, Egypt, the Indian Ocean area, as well as dorf), M. scabriculum (Heller), and M. idella (Hil- China and Australia. Caridina africana Kingsley, gendorf) have all been recorded from Natal and recorded from the Amamzimtoti River in Natal, southern Mozambique. All are typically tropical and Zululand, may prove to be a form of C. east African and Indian forms. As the southern nilotica. Caridina indistincta Caiman was originally African material is often immature, and as few described from Australia, but specimens from the specimens are collected from any single locality, Congo and Zambesi rivers have been assigned to some of these identifications are still open to it. doubt. It would seem that the southern African Cari- PELAGIC NATANTIA.—Before any discussion of dina species, like the freshwater crabs, are either the southern African Natantia can be attempted, migrants or derived from migrants from the some reservations regarding the data on meso- north. and bathypelagic species must be made. Palaemonidae: The family Palaemonidae has The single overriding factor that prevents any freshwater, estuarine, and marine representatives firm conclusions from being drawn regarding ver- in southern Africa. Again, due to lack of collect- tical distribution is that opening/closing nets ing, several of the freshwater forms are in uncer- have not been used for macroplanktonic sam- tain taxonomic position. pling. The earlier collections, including those of Palaemon (Palaemon) capensis de Man, the Cape the Pieter Fame and the Pickle, were made with an River prawn, is a true freshwater form, having assortment of dredges, trawls, and nets, while the been recorded from several rivers, including the more recent collections, such as those made by Gamtoos, Duivenhoks, Buffeljachts, Palmiet, the Africana II off Cape Point, the midwater sur- Zonderend, Baakens, and Bree. Its range would vey of Grindley and Penrith (1965) on the SS thus seem to be between the Palmiet River near Natal, and the South African Museum's Meiring Hermanus and the Baakens River near Port Eliz- Naude survey, did not use closing nets (although abeth. The species has not been recorded from the latter did use temperature/depth recording any of the west coast rivers. devices). The non-selective sampling is well illus- The genus Macrobrachium contains the rest of trated by the deep-sea collection of the Africana II the freshwater prawns in southern Africa and is off Cape Point. Although a beam trawl was used represented by about seven species. Macrobrachium to sample the benthic fauna, the samples included vollenhoveni (Herklots), recorded from the Kunene such genera as Sergestes, Gennadas, and pelagic River, may be regarded as a true West African Acanthephyra, as well as the mysid Gnathophausia, form, being known from northern Angola, Lib- the jellyfish Periphylla, and a large number of eria, and the Cape Verde Islands. The Kunene pelagic fish. In such a case, it may be said that form may well be on the way to developing a these organisms occur in the waters under discus- separate identity, showing more slender pereo- sion, but correlation with more precisely defined pods than the northern representatives. water-masses is not possible. Macrobrachium lepidactylus (Hilgendorf) was orig- The effect of vertical migration in water-mass inally described from northern Mozambique, and correlation will further weaken the available data. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Some species may rise from one water-mass to debilis (A. Milne-Edwards), was loosely connected another, and, depending on time of capture, may to South Atlantic Central Water. Beyond this be associated with either water-mass. Foxton very broad statement, the analysis gave some (1972) has shown that in the North Atlantic, (admittedly dubious) weight to subjective conclu- mesopelagic species of the genus Acanthephyra tend sions arrived at mainly by direct observation. For to execute considerable vertical migrations, while example, the Aristeidae, described by Burkenroad the deeper-living bathypelagic species apparently (1936) as containing mainly oceanic forms, con- do not migrate. tains the genus Gennadas, which the analysis The term "pelagic," when used in relation to showed to be truly oceanic, being found only in a species, is here understood to imply the inhabit- the South Atlantic Central Water, as is the related ing of the main water body of the sea, living Bentheogennema intermedia (Bate). neither in the upper 200 meters (epipelagic) nor Chace (1940) noted that several of the Oplo- on the sea bed (benthic). "Mesopelagic" indicates phoridae are truly bathypelagic (sensu latu) living in the depth range 200-500 meters; "bathy- oceanic forms. The analysis bore this out, the pelagic" indicates living in the depths beyond genera Oplophorus, Acanthephyra, Systellaspis, and 500 meters (Briggs, 1974). In this study, some Hymenodora being found only in South Atlantic members of the caridean families Oplophoridae Central Water or in Antarctic Intermediate Wa- and Pasiphaeidae and the penaeidean families ter. Foxton (1972) showed that Acanthephyra pelag- Aristeidae, Sergestidae, and Penaeidae are re- ica (Risso) and A. purpurea A. Milne-Edwards were garded as pelagic. always associated with North Atlantic Central Kensley (1974c) attempted to demonstrate sta- Water, whereas A. sexspinosa Kemp and A. acan- tistically the presence of species-groups signifi- thitelsonis Bate were always associated with South cantly associated with specific water-masses, us- Atlantic Central Water. Also, A. prionota Foxton, ing data available up to 1974. An inherent weak- A. curtirostris Wood-Mason, and A. stylorostrata ness of this analysis was the diverse and non- (Bate) were species living in deeper water than selective collecting methods used, which necessi- the four aforementioned species. Foxton was able tated a subjective decision to be made for each to state these facts with some certainty, as his sample as to water-mass of origin. It was never- specimens were caught with opening and closing theless thought useful to carry out the analysis for nets. It is possible that a similar system prevails any information it might yield. The Mc- in the south Atlantic and the southwest Indian Connaughey coefficient (McConnaughey, 1965), Ocean. which reveals homogeneous groups within heter- The following remarks may be made regarding ogeneous systems and employs as variables the the southern African oplophorids. Three species occurrences of species A, occurrences of species B, appear to be rare and are found in water deeper and co-occurrences of species A and B, along with than 2000 m; these are A. corallina (A. Milne a generalised sorting strategy (Lance and Wil- Edwards), A. brevirostris Smith, and A. gracilipes liams, 1966), was used to generate a dendrogram. Chace taken off Cape Point in 2480-3000 meters. Interpretation of the dendrogram could not be Acanthephyra armata A. Milne-Edwards (described given any great significance; rather it was used as from the Lesser Antilles) and A. indica Balss are the starting point for discussion. The most inter- known from the Indian Ocean, and have been esting facts to emerge from this analysis were that recorded off the east coast to 850 meters. Six the Aristaeomorpha foliacea was linked to South species appear to have a wide depth range, being Indian Central Water and that a much larger found from 250-2000 meters, viz., A. curtirostris group of 20 species, containing several species of Wood-Mason, A. eximia Smith, A. pelagica (Risso), Sergestes, Sergia, and Gennadas, and the common A. prionota Foxton, A. quadrispinosa Kemp, and A. Acanthephyra quadrispinosa Kemp and Systellaspis stylorostrata (Bate). Acanthephyra quadrispinosa Kemp NUMBER 338

and A. pelagica (Risso), members of the purpurea graphic affinities of the benthic decapods from species complex, are the two common species off less than 200 m are given in Table 2, while the South Africa. The former has been recorded from distribution of the major components of this the surface to 3800 meters, while the latter has group around the southern African coastline is been recorded from 250-3800 meters, but both illustrated in Figure 3. appear to be abundant in the 500-600 meter The Indo-Pacific component constitutes the zone. major section of this part of the decapod fauna. Amongst the Natantia from deeper waters, Predictably, this component shows a marked in- many genera are almost cosmopolitan in distri- crease from west to east along the coastline, with bution, with the same species occurring in several 73% occurring at Durban and 93% at Maputo/ water-masses having similar properties. The re- Inhaca Island. There is a dramatic cutoff between gion off the Cape is sometimes regarded as a Durban and East London, which would indicate corridor for the Natantia. Burkenroad (1936) the transition from a Subtropical East Coast showed that many so-called Indo-Pacific species Province to a Warm Temperate South Coast found off the Cape also occurred in the Atlantic Province. This is obviously a reflection of the off the Bahamas and the northeast coast of the change in the temperature regime of the seas of United States. This connection via the Cape was the area. The Indo-Pacific, and more especially used to explain the dissimilarity of the oceanic the Indo-West Pacific, is a predominantly tropi- Natantia off the east and west coasts of the U.S.A. cal/subtropical marine region, with circulation in Turning to the zoogeographic relationships of the northern part of the Indian Ocean by the the Natantia under discussion, these may be sum- North Equatorial Current and the Counter Cur- marized as follows: of the approximately 67 spe- rent and the South-West and North-East Mon- cies regarded as truly pelagic, 27 (40%) have been soon Drift, and in the southern part by the South recorded from both the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific; Equatorial Current, communicating with the 17 (25%) are Atlantic forms; and 18 (27%) are Indo-Pacific forms. More interestingly, and in TABLE 1.—Composition of the southern African decapod line with the idea of the southern African oceans crustacean fauna being a corridor area, of the 17 purely Mediter- ranean/Atlantic species, 13 (76%) have been re- Fauna Families Genera Species corded east of Cape Agulhas, while of the 18 Marine pelagic 4 19 67 Indo-Pacific forms, 10 (55%) have been recorded Marine benthic 63 308 632 west of Cape Point. The presence of these latter > 200 m 73 107 10 species may be explained partially by the < 200 m 235 525 eddying of warm pockets of Agulhas water on the Terrestrial/freshwater 6 8 23 Total 67 334 700 west coast (Welsh and Visser, 1970). Whether the foregoing figures indicate genuine penetration into neighbouring areas or merely a lack of knowl- TABLE 2.—Zoogeographic components of the southern Af- edge concerning the distribution of pelagic species rican benthic decapod crustacean fauna from less than is difficult to assess. 200 m

BENTHIC DECAPODA.—Consideration of species Component Species rA of total having a depth distribution below 200 m, many Indo-Pacific 345 65.7 of which are single records, has been omitted Atlantic/Mediterranean 30 5.7 from the following discussion of zoogeographic Endemic 103 19.6 relationships. Other (Austral, wide- 47 8.9 The overall composition of the southern Afri- spread, uncertain) can decapods is given in Table 1. The zoogeo- Total 525 8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY western Pacific through the various straits of the Where this warm southerly flowingbod y of water East Indies and northern Australia. (See Figure is close inshore, the intertidal and shallow areas 2.) The westward-flowing North and South Equa- have a good chance of receiving larval forms of torial currents could bring the larval planktonic tropical and subtropical species and of allowing or pelagic forms towards the East African coast, them to become established. This would account both north and south of Madagascar. The part in part for the high numbers of species recorded of the North Equatorial Current that is diverted from Durban and the Delagoa Bay areas. Where southward along the African coast passes down the Agulhas Current, by virtue of the width of the Mozambique Channel as the Mozambique the continental shelf, is forced offshore, a coun- Current, to be joined by the westerly component tercurrent of cold water flowing in a northeasterly of the South Equatorial Current, thereby forming direction develops, which may even reach the the Agulhas Current. Depending on the width Limpopo River mouth. This countercurrent and direction of the continental shelf, the Agulhas could to some extent explain the relative paucity Current may be either close inshore, as between of species in the area between Delagoa Bay and Delagoa Bay and St. Lucia and between Durban Inhambane (although poor collecting in the area and East London, or further offshore, as between cannot be discounted), and is almost certainly a St. Lucia and Durban and south of East London. limiting factor to the southward range extension

FIGURE 2.—Major ocean currents around southern Africa. (Stippled area = Agulhas Bank.) NUMBER 338 of subtropical species. Some subtropical species The Atlantic/Mediterranean component, have managed to colonize southern Natal and forming only about 6% of the fauna, shows a peak the Eastern Cape coastal areas in spite of the cold around False Bay and Port Elizabeth, tapering countercurrent (prawns of the genus Penaeus reach off to the east, but with still an almost 10% the Knysna estuary). This may be explained by presence at Maputo. The low point on the west the presence of a southward-flowing inshore cur- coast at Liideritz may be explained by sea tem- rent (Harris, 1961) along the Natal coast, which peratures. The area of maximum upwelling of is especially noticeable in summer and thought cold Antarctic Intermediate water (9°-12° C) is to be caused by strong northeasterly sea breezes. at Liideritz (Stander, 1964), while northwards in On the other hand, the cold inshore countercur- the area of the Kunene River mouth, and south- rent, especially noticeable between the Agulhas wards around the Agulhas Bank area, water closer Bank and East London, may assist a few cold- in temperature to that off Angola is found. The water (i.e., west coast) species to become estab- effect of the cold Benguela water may be ad- lished east of False Bay. judged by the fact that the only corals occurring Yet another factor controlling the presence or off West Africa are north of the equator in the absence of several decapod species is the presence Gulf of Guinea, which is swept by the warm or absence of specialized habitats. The three most Guinea Current. Upwelling of cold nutrient-rich notable of these are coral reefs, mangroves, and water on the west coast also contributes to the shallow-water seagrass beds. The former two are characteristic faunal and floral pattern, viz., few fully, and the latter to some extent, dependent on species but large numbers of individuals. warm water for their existence. Thus, coral reefs Whether the Atlantic species found east of are not found south of southern Mozambique, False Bay are in genetic contact with the rest of and those decapods always associated with corals, the Atlantic populations, or whether these repre- including several xanthid crabs and alpheid sent relict populations from warmer Pleistocene shrimps, do not occur south of northern Natal. times needs to be investigated for the individual Similarly, mangroves that occur in estuaries, em- species. The slightly higher percentage (22.6%) of bayments, or sheltered areas are noted for their Atlantic forms in northern South West Africa associated crab fauna, especially species of Uca reflects the presence of a few West African species. and Sesarma. As one moves down the coast from Bearing in mind the north-flowing direction of Mozambique to Natal and the Eastern Cape, the Benguela Current System, it is surprising that under the combined lack of warm water and the so few Atlantic species manage to migrate and influence of the cold countercurrent, the trees populate the southern west coast and the south- which form the basis of the mangal decrease both east coast. The actual method of migration from in number and diversity. MacNae (1968) showed north to south is probably a step-by-step and that many of the specialized crabs that inhabit relatively slow occupation of the continental shelf mangroves are dependent on a variety of sub- area. It is possible that invasion, especially of strates found chiefly in the mangal. pelagic larval forms, is assisted by movement of Most shallow-water seagrass beds, along with Atlantic water around and into the southwest their associated fauna, are controlled by the pres- Indian Ocean. This has been demonstrated to ence of warm water. Mud flats are colonized by occur in relatively deep water (le Pichon, 1960; plants such as Cymodocea, Halodule, Halophila, Thal- Visser and van Niekerk, 1965; Shannon, 1966), assia, and Zostera, in the shelter of which decapod and would account for the presence of true Atlan- genera such as Diogenes, Hippolyte, Tozeuma, Gnath- tic pelagic forms in the southwest Indian Ocean. ophyllum, Periclimenes, and Periclimenaeus flourish. A similar movement of water, but in the opposite Only Zostera and Halophila reach southern Natal direction, would account for the presence of In- and the Cape Province, and the associated fauna dian Ocean species in the Saldanha Bay area. thus decreases. Shannon (1966) demonstrated that movement of 10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Agulhas water around Cape Point does occur. edge of the geographic and depth distribution of Only species tolerant of the low temperatures of the species in question. Because of its accessibility, the west coast could survive such migration. Ed- the intertidal fauna of any area almost always dying of Agulhas water into the South Atlantic will be relatively well known, and a species can (Welsh and Visser, 1970) may also account for be designated "endemic" with some degree of east coast species on the west coast. confidence. When the infratidal region is consid- A few species of the southern African decapod ered, however, it soon becomes apparent that fauna appear to have a southern oceanic or aus- gaps of knowledge exist, as few infratidal areas of tral distribution, viz., Plagusia chabrus (Linnaeus), any extent have been thoroughly sampled. Spe- Ovalipes punctatus (de Haan), Pilumnoides perlatus cies from the infratidal thus seldom can be des- (Poppig), and Lithodes murrayi Henderson. ignated "endemic" with any confidence. For the Pilumnoides perlatus (Poppig), first recorded from purposes of the present discussion, an endemic Chile, is also known from Panama, Queensland, species is considered to be confined to the geo- Australia, Ireland, and Plymouth, England, and graphic area previously defined and limited to is known in southern Africa from northern South the depth range 0- ± 200 m, in agreement with West Africa to False Bay. These localities would Smith (1970). The species of the lower part of this seem to suggest that the species has a cold-water range are called endemic with reservation, and preference. The unusual records from Britain and only after consideration of all depth records. Panama may be due to transportation on ships' Only seven genera are endemic, and of these, keels, the species having been recorded from such Projasus is known from off the east coast from sites on several occasions. The southern distribu- depths of about 600 m. Macropetasma, Eudromidia, tion of this crab together with the other three and Exodromidia have been recorded from the west species can be explained by the influence of the coast, but are not confined to this area. The four West Wind Drift. This current, flowing from west crab genera all have been recorded on the east to east, communicates with the west coasts of coast. Of the fifty-three endemic brachyuran spe- South America, South Africa, and Australia by cies, twenty-two have been taken in the intertidal means of the Peru, Benguela, and Western Aus- zone. tralian Currents, respectively, and also bathes the The family Dromiidae is worthy of note, four- islands of Tristan da Cunha, Gough, Marion and teen of the twenty-eight species being endemic; Prince Edward, St. Paul and Amsterdam, and another four species, although from depths of New Zealand. Pilumnoides perlatus has a larval life more than 200 m, have not been recorded else- span of 43 to 56 days (Fagetti and Campodonica, where, but may not be endemic. Eleven species 1973), sufficient for considerable transport by are found in the Saldanha Bay to Agulhas Bank ocean currents. area. It would seem that, although basically of Ovalipes punctatus (de Haan) is a swimming crab, Indo-Pacific affinity, these species tend to be while Plagusia, the rock crab, has been found stenothermic and prefer the relatively cooler wa- floating on objects far out to sea. There is thus no ter of the south coast, i.e., the area of mixing of reason for not invoking the West Wind Drift to cold west coast and warmer Agulhas water. explain the southern distribution of these species. Of the 105 species of anomurans, twenty-seven Lithodes murrayi Henderson, known from Mac- are endemic, while another thirteen from more quarie Island, New Zealand, the Crozet Islands, than 200 m are not recorded elsewhere. Fourteen and Prince Edward Islan, has been recorded from species are intertidal dwellers. Seven species have deep water of Natal and Liideritz, which distri- been recorded west of Cape Point. A further four bution is more difficult to explain. species recorded from deep water (+500 m) off ENDEMIC DECAPODA.—Any discussion on ende- the west coast are known only from the area mism obviously depends on the state of knowl- between Saldanha Bay and Cape Point. NUMBER 338 11

Of the thirty-two species of palinurans, one is mum from False Bay to Port Elizabeth (i.e., the endemic, and six are recorded from more than Agulhas Bank region), with another peak in the 200 m, but not elsewhere. Although Homarus ca- Durban area. The Agulhas Bank maximum may pensis (Herbst) has been recorded four times be- to some extent be explained by the overlap of a tween the Cape of Good Hope and Port Eliza- few species from the cold west coast, with a larger beth, no depth information is available (see Wolff, number from the warm-temperate area south of 1978). Polycheles demani Stebbing and Willemoesia the Transkei. The endemic peak found at Durban bonaspei Kensley, both from very deep water, have may be due to concentrated collecting, but prob- been recorded only from off the Cape Peninsula, ably reflects a true peak if compared with other the latter species only once. well-sampled areas such as Inhaca Island and Twenty-five (12%) of the 208 species of Natan- East London. This peak may be emphasized by tia are endemics. Of these, four are intertidal the presence of a few warm-temperate species dwellers, viz., Periclimenes delagoae Barnard, Pericli- from the south added to the subtropical endemics menaeus uropodialis Barnard, Alpheus edwardsii (Au- of Natal and Southern Mozambique. douin), and Hippolyte kraussiana (Stimpson). Ten The 24% endemism found at Inhaca Island species have been recorded from the west coast, and Maputo may be more apparent than real, as and of these, Leontocaris paulsoni Stebbing, Lebbeus collecting north of Delagoa Bay and on the East saldanhae (Barnard), and Plesiopenaeus nitidus Bar- African coast generally has been scant. These nard have not been recorded east of Cape Point. peaks of endemism are worthy of further com- The remaining species from the west coast, Hali- ment. Day (1973), in a discussion of the affinities poroides triarthrus Stebbing, Metacrangon jacqueti bell- of the fauna of Morrumbene estuary in Mozam- marleyi (Stebbing), Solenocera africana Stebbing, bique, analyzed the views of various authors on Macropetasma africana (Blass), and Ogyrides saldan- the East African shallow marine fauna. He de- hae Barnard have all been recorded eastward to fined tropical species as those occurring north of Natal. 20°S, subtropical from 20°S to Transkei, and Further analysis of the endemic component warm-temperate south of the Transkei to False casts additional light on the faunal affinities of Bay. These definitions are adopted here, and it the area. Of the 103 endemic species, thirty-three follows from the geographical limits of this paper are known from the west coast; twenty of these that all the east coast endemic species north of are distributed eastward beyond Cape Agulhas the Transkei and south of Vilanculos should be for varying distances, some even as far as Moz- regarded as subtropical. Ekman (1967) regarded ambique. Most of these species are regarded as all Natal and Mozambique species as tropical, as being part of the endemic group of the area did Kalk (1959) in her analysis of the fauna of between the Transkei and Cape Point that has Inhaca Island. This is perhaps an oversimplifica- penetrated to the west coast, especially to the tion for the decapods, but it is thought that the sheltered Saldanha Bay area. Ogyrides saldanhae peak of endemics found at Durban does indicate Barnard, Paguristes engyops Barnard, Dromidia hir- a distinct faunal component. The situation in sutissima Lamarck, and Eudromidia hendersoni (Steb- southern Mozambique is uncertain due to lack of bing) occur on the west coast and also between information, but it is probable that members of Cape Point and Cape Agulhas, i.e., in the overlap the subtropical component are well represented, zone. These species, together with Nautilocorystes and that a distinct tropical component is also ocellata (Gray), known from Wai vis Bay to Port present as indicated by Day (1973). Elizabeth, and Callianassa austral is Kensley, may The question of faunal provinces around south- be said to be true west coast endemics. ern Africa has given rise to a considerable litera- From a perusal of the distribution, the endemic ture (see Brown and Jarman, 1978), starting in species (Figure 3) would seem to reach a maxi- the mid-19th century and continuing to the pres- 12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

TOTAL NUMBERS OF SPECIES

ATLANTIC DECAPODA

INDO-PACIFIC 0.7 1.0 2.7 DECAPODA

ENDEMIC DECAPODA

FIGURE 3.—Distribution of decapod Crustacea from less than 200 m, indicated by percentages at 8 localities (from west to east): Kunene River mouth, Liideritz, Saldanha Bay, False Bay, Port Elizabeth, East London, Durban, Maputo. NUMBER 338 13 ent. With each separate group of organisms ex- The Warm-Temperate South Coast Province amined, a slightly different picture emerges, stretching from the overlap area of False Bay/ which is to be expected when factors such as Agulhas to Transkei is characterized by high habits, reproductive modes, life histories, and numbers of endemics centered around the Algoa physico-biological requirements are considered. Bay (Port Elizabeth) region, by relatively high The situation may be briefly described for the numbers of Atlantic forms, and by far fewer Indo- shallow benthic decapods. Pacifics than are found from Durban northwards. The Tropical West African Province (Figure 4) The Subtropical East Coast Province extends barely makes its presence felt in northern South from Transkei to about Inhambane in Mozam- West Africa, such forms as Ocypode cursor (Lin-bique, with a major Indo-Pacific component, but naeus) , Hippolyte palliola Kensley, and Maja squi- with a strong endemic element centered around nado (Herbst) being limited in the south by the the Durban area. cold Benguela System and its concomitant up- welling. Origin of the Southern African Decapod Fauna The Namaqua or Cold-Temperate West Coast Province probably extends to Cape Agulhas and Good fossil decapod material is nowhere abun- is characterized by few Indo-Pacific forms and dant in southern Africa; in fact, only five site some typically Atlantic species. Most of the en- records exist in the literature. demics of this area are to be found on both sides From the Cretaceous of Uitenhage, Cape Prov- of Cape Point, with no marked division at the ince, Kitchin (1913) recorded the palinuran me- Cape Peninsula, the temperature regime below cochirid Meyeria. The genus is known from the about 30 m being relatively uniform. Lower to Upper Cretaceous of Europe, North

FIGURE 4.—Faunal provinces around southern Africa: (1) Tropical West African, (2) Namaqua or Cold Temperate West Coast, (3) Warm Temperate South Coast, (4) Subtropical East Coast, (5) Tropical East Coast. (Areas of overlap are only approximate.) 14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

America, Mexico, West Africa, Angola, and Ant- nary eras. These sea-level changes were undoubt- arctica. The family as a whole has not been edly reflected in changes in the faunal composi- recorded later than the Cretaceous and thus has tion. There is a good evidence that the overall little bearing on the history of the present-day water-mass and current picture was considerably forms. different from that of today. Micropalaeontolog- From the lower Miocene of Pemba Island, ical evidence from the east coast suggests that the Stubblefield (1927) recorded the cancrid crab Agulhas Current was not the well-marked year- Palaeocarpilius intermedius, and a portunid, Neptu- round phenomenon it now is, during the last nus, while from the lower Miocene of Inhambane, Pleistocene interglacial (Hutson, 1980). Further, Mozambique, Stubblefield (1939) recorded an- if, as claimed by Prell and Hutson (1979), the other Neptunus as well as the extinct leucosiid crab Indian Ocean surface waters 18,000 years ago Typilobus cf. granulosus. were much cooler than at present, and the Agul- King (1953) mentioned the presence of a "nep- has Current much weaker, the tropical Indo-Pa- tunid" (= portunid) crab from the lower Miocene cific fauna of the east coast must represent a deposits of Uloa, Zululand. relatively recent incursion, which is probably still Bohm (1926) recorded Callianassa erecta, Calli- taking place. As for the west coast fauna, studies anassa cf. fraasi, and Brachyuridarus sp. (possibly a of the Plio-Pleistocene molluscan fauna of raised xanthid) from the lower Miocene of Bogenfels, beaches (Carrington and Kensley, 1969; Kensley, South West Africa. 1972, 1974b, 1977d; Tankard, 1975) indicate that From such slender records, no useful conclu- a far more tropical and typically warm-water sions can be drawn. Any speculations regarding fauna prevailed up to the last interglacial in an the present-day distribution and origin of the area which is at present cold-temperate. Relicts decapod fauna must come from a consideration of this warm-water fauna may have survived in of the geological history of the area. sheltered and therefore warmer pockets such as The southern African subcontinent, together Langebaan Lagoon, Saldanha Bay, and False with South America, India, Madagascar, Aus- Bay. tralia, and Antarctica formed the southern land- Decapoda from Neighboring Islands, mass of Gondwanaland (Crowson, 1970). During Seamounts, and Shoals the Jurassic (± 160 X 106 years b.p.) this landmass began to split up, with India, Madagascar, and Ascension Island, situated at 7°55'S, 14°30'W on Australia breaking away from Africa and expos- the mid-Atlantic ridge, has little affinity with the ing the eastern and southeastern continental edge southern African decapod fauna. The single spe- of southern Africa. It was only during the upper cies in common is Grapsus grapsus (Linnaeus) Valanginian of the Cretaceous that South Amer- which is widespread through the Atlantic, and ica and Africa began to separate, the break being which occurs in northern South West Africa. completed during the Lower Turonian of the St. Helena Island, further south and closer to the Cretaceous, 70 million years ago. The southeast- African continent than Ascension, has a well- ern edge of Africa was thus exposed to oceanic developed decapod fauna showing some affinity conditions as well as to the faunal pioneers of the with southern Africa. Of the 23 species recorded early Indian Ocean long before the North and (Chace, 1966) six are known from southern Af- South Atlantic joined and washed the southwest- rica. Of these, Grapsus grapsus (Linnaeus) and ern continental margin. From this time on, Calappa gallus (Herbst) are widespread through changes in sea level, whether due to polar ice the tropical Atlantic; Planes cyaneus Dana is well activity of the mid-oceanic ridges, accompanied known from the Indo-Pacific; Plagusia depressa by marine transgressions and regressions, took Lamarck is known from both sides of the Atlantic; place especially during the Tertiary and Quarter- Dardanus arrosor (Herbst) from the eastern Atlantic NUMBER 338 15 and the Indo-Pacific; and Metalpheus paragracilis cies, this is the most southerly record. The former (Coutiere) from the Indo-Pacific. has been recorded from the Mediterranean, Sen- Whereas the fish, molluscs, and echinoderms of egal, Cape Verde Islands, Azores, Ireland, Scot- St. Helena show affinities first with the West land, the Orkneys, Norway, the Shetlands, Indies, and then with the Mediterranean and Congo, and Angola, and is a true Atlantic form. eastern North Atlantic, the decapods seem more Eumunida picta Smith is known from the Canary closely related to the West African and southern Islands, Massachusetts, Australia, and New Zea- African fauna, seven species being common to land. These records suggest a widespread distri- both areas. Chace (1966) expressed the view that bution. only Planes cyaneus Dana, an oceanic species often Tristan da Cunha at 37°OO'S, 12°50'E is an out- found clinging to floating objects, came from lier of the mid-Atlantic ridge and well within the southern Africa, having been carried by the trade influence of the West Wind Drift. It is thus not wind drift. surprising that Plagusia chabrus (Linnaeus) and Seamount Vema, situated 720 km off the coast of Ovalipes punctatus (de Haan), both characteristi- South Africa at 31°38'S, 8°20'E lies in the central cally austral species, have been recorded here. region of the Cape Basin. It has a plateau-like Jasus tristani Holthuis is confined to this island summit some 7 km in width, at a depth of 45-80 group and to Seamount Vema. The only other m. Of the decapods from Vema, Pseudodromia records are a species of Pachygrapsus and a Notos- cacuminis Kensley and Macropodia cirripilus Kensleytomus sp. taken from an albatross' gut. are regarded as endemic (Kensley, 1980b), the Walter's Shoal situated on the South Madagas- former being closely related to Pseudodromia spinos- car Ridge at 33°13'S, 43°51'E lies in about 38- issima Kensley from the east coast of South Africa. 46 m of water, and has been sampled by the R.V. The single palinuran, Jasus tristani Holthuis, is Anton Bruun. The following five species have been also known from Tristan da Cunha, while Pseu- recorded: Homola barbata (Fabricius) and Macro- dactea corallina (Alcock) has Indo-Pacific affinity. podia formosa Rathbun, both of which are known Three species are true mesopelagics, Notostomus from the Atlantic and the east coast of South auriculatus Barnard, Gennadas gilchristi Caiman, Africa; Platypodia granulosa (Riippell), a typically and Funchalia villosa (Bouvier). Of these, the No- Indo-Pacific species; Eualus ctenifera (Barnard), tostomus and Funchalia are true Atlantic forms, recorded from Maputo to Cape Point and from while G. gilchristi has only been recorded from the Seamount Vema; and Alpheus waltervadi Kensley, Agulhas Basin and the south-west Indian Ocean. known only from this area. Pagurus cuanensis (Bell), Eualus ctenifera (Barnard), and Pontophilus sculpta (Bell) have been recorded Comparison of Decapoda with Other Benthic from southern Africa, while Pagurus chevreuxi Bou- Crustacea from Southern Africa vier, Alpheus macrocheles (Hailstone), and Synalpheus huluensis africanus Crosnier and Forest are known When other crustacean groups from southern from the Mediterranean and/or West Africa. The Africa are considered, a picture not too different isopod fauna of Seamount Vema shows a much from the decapods emerges. Griffiths (1977) stronger affinity with southern Africa (Kensley, noted a 46% endemism for amphipod species, 1980b). concentrated in the south-western Cape Province. Seamount Tripp is situated at 29°36'S, 14°18'E Griffiths further suggested that in spite of the off the coast of Namaqualand, in about 3000 m fairly high endemism, the region derived its basic of water, and rises to about 160-170 m from the stock from tropical and southern temperate areas. surface. One sample from the Sea Fisheries J. A. Day (1979), working with the Cumacea, Branch has yielded two decapods, Paromola cuvieri came to a similar conclusion, and in particular (Risso) and Eumunida picta Smith. For both spe- noted the cutoff in numbers somewhere between 16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Durban and East London, which she took to TABLE 3.—Comparison of the majid crab fauna of southern indicate the presence of a boundary between Africa, Australia, and New Zealand (Australian figures from faunistic provinces. A similar cutoff has been Griffin, 1966a; New Zealand figures from Griffin, 1966b) noted above for the decapods. From unpublished Endemic records I have been able to determine that the Region Genera Species species isopods follow a pattern similar to that of the Southern Africa 28 42 . 11 (26%) Cumacea and amphipods, but with even higher Australia 45 95 37 (39%) endemism centered in the southwestern Cape- New Zealand 11 18 12 (66%) Agulhas Bank area. The endemic peak noted for the decapods in the Durban area was not appar- TABLE 4.—Comparison of the thalassinidean fauna of Aus- ent for the abovementioned peracaridan groups. tralia and southern Africa (Australian figures from Poore and Griffin, 1979)

Comparison of the Decapod Faunas Endemic Region of Australia, New Zealand, South America, Families Genera Species species and Southern Africa Southern Africa 7 18 10 (55%) Little useful information emerges from com- Australia 10 40 28 (70%) parison of the decapod faunas of the Southern Hemisphere regions. The New Zealand brachyuran (Dell, 1968) as The decapod fauna of Australia (Griffin and well as the anomuran and natantian (Yaldwyn, Yaldwyn, 1968) is almost double the size of the 1967) forms are oceanic in character with 53%- southern African fauna, and may be broadly 55% endemism, showing close affinity to the Aus- divided into a tropical component and southern tralian fauna, and then to the Indo-Pacific in temperate component. In general terms, the general, and with very little in common with fauna of Australia is almost entirely derived from southern Africa. Plagusia chabrus (Linnaeus), Lith- the Indo-Pacific. Although there are several gen- odes murrayi Henderson, and Eumunida picta Smith era in common with southern Africa, relatively seem to be the only benthic species shared. The few species are shared. Interestingly, of the 10 New Zealand and southern African records for largest decapod families in southern Africa, seven Palaemon (N.) tenuipes (Henderson) need to be of these occur in the 10 largest Australian families, reexamined. with Xanthidae, Majidae, and Portunidae, in this Very little information is available from South order, being the three largest in both areas. The America (see Coelho, Ramos-Porto, and Koening, Majidae of southern Africa have both Atlantic 1978). Ovalipes punctatus (de Haan), Pilumnoides and Pacific components, whereas the Australian perlatus (Poppig), and Plagusia chabrus (Linnaeus) majids (Griffin, 1966a) are almost entirely Indo- from southern Africa and South America have Pacific. Nine species are common to South Africa been discussed above in relation to austral distri- and Australia, with only Achaeopsis thomsoni (Nor-bution. The South American records of Ogyrides man) not having a tropical distribution. (See occidentalis (Ortmann) from Brasil, and Ibacus in- Table 3.) cisus (Peron) from Chile are suspect, while the The Australian Thalassinidea are richer and taxonomic position of the South American Cyclo- have more endemic species than in southern Af- grapsus punctata H. Milne-Edwards needs reap- rica, with no species in common. (See Table 4.) praisal. Checklist of Southern African Decapoda SOURCES OF DATA.—Apart from the many pub- compilation of the present list I have drawn on lished records on southern African decapods, for the entire holdings and records of the South NUMBER 338 17

African Museum, many of which are unpub- pertains only to the southern African records. lished, as well as those of the Department of The geographic range within the defined Zoology of the University of Cape Town. Collec- southern African region is given from west to east. tions from the Sea Fisheries Branch of the De- Where no reference to a southern African rec- partment of Industry donated to the South Afri- ord is given, the record comes from the South can Museum in 1979 have also been processed, African Museum's collections but has not previ- and the records included. ously been published. NOTES ON THE CHECKLIST.—The author and No attempt has been made to separate the date of publication for each species is provided. Indian Ocean or Indo-West Pacific regions. These A recent (often the only) reference to the species' are included under the broad heading of Indo- occurrence in southern African waters is pro- Pacific. vided. As Barnard (1950) mentions many of the Although every attempt has been made to species, and is often the most useful reference, for ensure that the most recently accepted nomencla- brevity this reference is indicated by the letter ture is used, inaccuracies may still be present, "B." while taxonomic changes will certainly take place The depth distribution information (in meters) to alter the list.

Recent Species Depth Southern African Worldwide VjfTlliS reference distribution distribution distribution Family PENAEIDAE

Funchalia villosa (Bouvier, Kensley, 1977a 200-600 Agulhas Bank to NE Atlantic, 1905b) Natal NW Atlantic Mediterra- nean, Carib- bean, S At- lantic woodwardi Johnson, Kensley, 1977a 250-500 off Cape Penin- Mediterranean, 1867 sula NE Atlantic, S Atlantic Macropetasma africana (Balss, 1913) B shallow infratidal Swakopmund to - to 30 Natal Metapenaeopsis andamanensis (Wood- Champion, 1973 300 off Mozambique Indian Ocean Mason and Al- cock, 1891) hilarulus (de Man, B shallow infratidal Natal Indo-Pacific 1911a) mogiensis (Rathbun, B shallow infratidal Natal Indo-Pacific 1902) quinquedentata (de B 100-120 Natal Indo-Pacific Man, 1907) philippi (Bate, 1881) B; Champion, 380 Natal Indian Ocean 1973 Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius, B 24-76 East London to Indo-Pacific 1798) Mozambique stebbingi Nobili, 1904 B shallow infratidal Mozambique Indian Ocean Parapenaeopsis acclivirostris Alcock, B 25-50 Natal to Mozam- Indian Ocean 1905a bique Parapenaeus fissurus (Bate, 1881) B; Kensley, 70-90 Natal Indo-Pacific 1977a 18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Species KJCTIHS reference distribution distribution distribution investigatoris Alcock B 360 Natal Indian Ocean and Anderson, 1899 Penaeopsis balssi Ivanov and Ivanov and 280-450 off Zululand Mozambique Hassan, 1976 Hassan, 1976 Channel jerryi Perez Farfante, Perez Farfante, 183-766 off Mozambique Indian Ocean 1979 1979 Penaeus canaliculatus Olivier, B shallow infratidal, Knysna to Moz- Indo-Pacific 1811 estuarine ambique indicus H. Milne-Ed- B shallow infratidal, Port Elizabeth to Indo-Pacific wards, 1837 estuarine Mozambique japonicus Bate, 1888 B shallow infratidal Knysna to Moz- Indo-Pacific to 65, estuarine ambique latisulcatus Kishin- Joubert, 1965 shallow infratidal Natal Indo-Pacific ouye, 1900 marginatus Randall, Champion, 1973 70-320 Natal Indo-Pacific 1840 monodon Fabricius, B shallow infratidal Port Elizabeth to Indo-Pacific 1798 to 80, estuarine Mozambique semisulcatus de Haan, B shallow infratidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1849 to 80 bique Trachypenaeus curviroslris (Stimpson, Champion, 1973 shallow infratidal, Natal Indo-Pacific, 1860) estuarine Mediterra- nean

Family ARISTEIDAE

Subfamily ARISTEINAE

Anstaeomorpha foliacea (Risso, 1826) B; Crosnier, 460-920 East London to Mediterranean, 1978 Mozambique NE Atlantic, Indo-Pacific Ansteus vinlis (Bate, 1888) Kensley, 1977a; 770-1200 off Natal Indo-Pacific Crosnier, 1978 Plesiopenaeus edwardsianus (John- Kensley, 1977a; 560-1200 Cape Point to NW Atlantic, E son, 1867) Crosnier, Natal Atlantic 1978 Indo-Pacific mtidus Barnard, 1947 B; Kensley, 490-1260 Cape Point to 1977a Natal

Subfamily BENTHESICYMINAE

Bentheogennema intermedia (Bate, B; Crosnier, 1000-2020 Cape Point to NW Atlantic, E 1888) 1978 Natal Atlantic, Indo-Pacific pasithea (de Man, Crosnier, 1978; 600-660 off Natal Indo-Pacific 1907) Kensley, 1980a Benthesicymus expansus Kensley, Kensley, 1977a 1000-1200 off Natal 1977a NUMBER 338 19

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution investigatoris Alcock Kensley, 1977a; 720-1200 Transkei to Natal Indo-Pacific and Anderson, Crosnier, 1899 1978 Gennadas bouvieri Kemp, 1909 Kensley 1971b; 250-3400 Cape Point to Caribbean, Crosnier, Natal Indo-Pacific 1978 brevirostris Bouvier, Kensley, 1971b 0-200 off Cape penin- E Atlantic 1905a sula capensis Caiman, Kensley, 1971b; 250-1000 Cape Point to Caribbean, E 1925 Crosnier, Natal Atlantic, In- 1978 dian Ocean, Pacific gilchristi Caiman, Kensley, 1971b 200-3400 Cape Point to Southern In- 1925 Natal dian Ocean incertus (Balss, 1927) Kensley 1971b; 120-700 Cape Point to Indo-Pacific Crosnier, Natal 1978 kempi Stebbing, Kensley, 1971b 250-3400 Cape Point to - 1914b Natal parvus Bate, 1881 Kensley, 1971b; 250-1000 Cape Point to Indo-Pacific Crosnier, Natal 1978 propinquus Rathbun, Crosnier, 1978 200-3400 off Cape Penin- Indo-Pacific 1906 sula scutatus Bouvier, Kensley, 1971b; 200-3400 Cape Point to NE Atlantic, 1906a Crosnier, Natal Caribbean, 1978 Indo-Pacific tinayrei Bouvier, Kensley, 1971b; 600-1400 Cape Point to NE Atlantic, 1906b Crosnier, Natal NW Atlantic 1978 Indo-Pacific valens (Smith, 1884) Kensley, 1971b 100 Cape Peninsula Mediterranean, to Agulhas E Atlantic, Bank Caribbean

Family SOLENOCERIDAE

Cryptopenaeus catherinae de Freitas, de Freitas, 1979 310-500 Mozambique - 1979 Haliporoides triarthrus Stebbing, B; Crosnier, 320-720 Table Bay to Na- - 1914a 1978 tal Haliporus taprobanensis Alcock Crosnier, 1978 770-820 off Natal Indian Ocean and Anderson, 1899 vittosus Alcock and Kensley, 1968 2790 off Cape Penin- Indian Ocean Anderson, 1894 sula Hymenopenaeus halli Bruce, 1966 Crosnier, 1978; 625-900 off Natal Indian Ocean Kensley, 1980a Solenocera afncana Stebbing, B; Crosnier and 40-170 Table Bay to W Africa 1917b Forest, 1973 Port Elizabeth algoense Barnard, B; Crosnier, 100 Port Elizabeth Indian Ocean 1947 1978 comala Stebbine, B; Crosnier, 60-100 East London to Indian Ocean, 20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution 1915 1978 Natal China, Japan membranacea (Risso, B 240-360 Table Bay to Mediterranean, 1816) Agulhas Bank NE Atlantic

Family SICYONIIDAE

Sicyonia lancifer (Olivier, B shallow infratidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1811) longicauda Rathbun, B 80-600 East London to Indo-Pacific 1906 Natal truncata Kubo, 1949 Natal Japan

Family SERGESTIDAE

Acetes erythraeus Nobili, Kensley, 1971a shallow infratidal Natal to Mozam- Indian Ocean 1905a bique natalensis Barnard, Kensley, 1971a shallow infratidal Durban - 1955 Lucifei chacei Bowman, 1967 Kensley, 1971a pelagic off Mozambique Indo-Pacific orientalis Hansen, Kensley, 1971a pelagic Port Elizabeth to Indo-Pacific 1919 Natal penicillifer Hansen, Kensley, 1971a pelagic Agulhas Bank to Indo-Pacific 1919 Mozambique typus H. Milne-Ed- Kensley, 1971a pelagic Table Bay to N & S Atlantic, wards, 1837 Mozambique Indo-Pacific Petalidium foliaceum Bate, 1881 Kensley, 1971a 250-1260 off Cape Penin- Austral Seas to sula to Natal Antarctica obesum (Kr0yer, Kensley, 1980a 250-1750 Transkei to Natal NE Atlantic 1859) Sergestes arcticus Kr0yer, 1859 Kensley, 1971a; surface to 820 Saldanha Bay to Mediterranean, [= S. sinuolala Holthuis, Agulhas Bank N & S Atlan- (Risso, 1816)] 1977 tic, Indo-Pa- cific armatus Kr0yer, 1855 Kensley, 1971a surface to 1000 off Saldanha Bay Mediterranean, to Mozam- N & S Atlan- bique tic atlanticus H. Milne- Kensley, 1971a 500-600 off Saldanha Bay Mediterranean, Edwards, 1830 to Agulhas Ba- N & S Atlan- sin tic curvatus Crosnier and Crosnier and surface to 1000 off Saldanha Bay N & S Atlantic Forest, 1973 Forest, 1973 to Mozam- bique disjunctus Burken- Kensley, 1971a 100-1130 Cape Point to off New Zea- road, 1940 Natal land pedmatus Sund, 1920 Kensley, 1971a surface to 1170 off Saldanha Bay N Atlantic, to Natal Caribbean sargassi Ortmann, Kensley, 1971a surface to 600 off Saldanha Bay Mediterranean, 1893 to Agulhas Ba- N Atlantic, sin Caribbean Sergio creber (Burkenroad, Kensley, 1971a 250-500 Cape Point to off New Guinea 1940) Mozambique gardineri (Kemp, Kensley, 1980a surface to 1120 off Natal Indian Ocean 1913) NUMBER 338 21

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Species Genus reference distribution distribution distribution grandis (Sund, 1920) Kensley, 1971a 90-750 Saldanha Bay to N Atlantic Mozambique inequahs (Burken- Kensley, 1980a 1150-2166 off Natal Java Sea road, 1940) laminatus (Burken- Kensley, 1971a surface to 1416 off Saldanha Bay Indian Ocean road, 1940) to Natal potens (Burkenroad, Kensley, 1971a surface to 900 off Saldanha Bay New Zealand 1940) to Mozam- bique prehensilis (Bate, Kensley, 1971a surface to 1500 Saldanha Bay to Indo-Pacific 1881) Mozambique regalis (Gordon, Kensley, 1971a surface to 1120 Saldanha Bay to S Atlantic 1939) Mozambique scintillans (Burken- Kensley, 1971a surface to 1120 Agulhas Basin to off Sumatra road, 1940) Natal splendens (Sund, Kensley, 1971a surface to 600 off Saldanha Bay Mediterranean 1920) N Atlantic talismani (Barnard, Kensley, 1977a surface to 500 off Natal NE Atlantic 1947)

Family STENOPODIDAE

Odontozona spinosissima Kensley, Kensley, 1980a 150-200 off Transkei _ 1980a Spongiocaris semiteres Bruce and Bruce and 460 off Durban - Baba, 1973 Baba, 1973 Stenopus hispidus (Olivier, B intertidal to shal- Agulhas Bank to Atlantic, Indo- 1811) low infratidal Mozambique Pacific

Family OPLOPHORIDAE

Acanthephyra armata A. Milne-Ed- Kensley, 1977a 770-850 off Natal W Indies, In- wards, 1881 dian Ocean brevirostris Smith, Kensley, 1968 2708 off Cape Point N & S Atlantic 1885 Indo-Pacific corallina (A. Milne- Kensley, 1968 2520-2780 off Cape Point Indian Ocean, Edwards, 1883) N Atlantic curtirostris Wood-Ma- Kensley, 1980a 250-1320 off Natal NE Atlantic, son and Alcock, Caribbean, 1891 Indo-Pacific eximia Smith, 1884 Kensley, 1977a 700-1200 off Natal N & S Atlantic Indo-Pacific gracilipes Chace, Kensley, 1968 2269 off Cape Point off Bermuda 1940 indica Balss, 1925 Kensley, 1977a 290-700 off Natal Indian Ocean pelagica (Risso, 1816) Kensley, 1980a 800-2166 off Cape Point to Mediterranean Natal N & S Allan tic, Indo-Pa- cific pnonota Foxton, 1971 Kensley, 1980a 750-1750 off Natal NE Atlantic, Indo-Pacific quadrispinosa Kemp, Kensley, 1968; 250-1700 off Cape Point to Indo-Pacific, S 1939 1980a Natal Atlantic 22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution stylorostrata (Bate, Kensley, 1980a 870-1700 off Natal N Atlantic, 1888) Indo-Pacific Hymenodora gracilis Smith, 1887 Kensley, 1968 2200-3000 off Cape Point N Atlantic, In- dian Ocean Meningodora miccyla (Chace, 1940) Kensley, 1980a 250-750 off Natal N Atlantic, Caribbean mollis Smith, 1882 Kensley, 1980a 840-2160 off Natal N & S Atlantic, Indo-Pacific vesca (Smith, 1887) Kensley, 1980a 1120 off Natal NE Atlantic, Caribbean, Indo-Pacific Notostomus auriculatus Barnard, Kensley, 1980a 670-2780 off Cape Point to N & S Atlantic 1950 Natal elegans A. Milne-Ed- Kensley, 1980a 750-1170 off Natal N & S Atlantic wards, 1881 gibbosus A. Milne- Kensley, 1980a 1050-1260 off Natal N Atlantic, Edwards, 1881 Caribbean, Indo-Pacific Oplophorus gracilirostris A. Kensley, 1980a 750 off Natal to Moz- Indo-Pacific Milne-Edwards, ambique 1881 spinicauda A. Milne- Kensley, 1969 460-1120 off Natal to Moz- N & S Atlantic Edwards, 1883 ambique Indo-Pacific spinosus (Brulle, Kensley, 1977a off Mozambique N & S Atlantic 1839) Caribbean, Indo-Pacific typus H. Milne-Ed- Kensley, 1980a 600-640 off Natal Indo-Pacific wards, 1837 Systellaspis cristata (Faxon, 1893) Kensley, 1980a 250-900 off Natal N & S Atlantic Indo-Pacific debilis (A. Milne-Ed- Kensley, 1968, 150-1500 Saldanha Bay to N & S Atlantic wards, 1881) 1977a Mozambique Indo-Pacific

Family ATYIDAE

Candtna afncana Kingsley, B freshwater Natal, Zululand _ 1882 mlotica (Roux, 1833) B freshwater Orange Free N & E Africa, State, Natal, Madagascar, Transvaal, India, China Mozambique East Indies, Australia typus H. Milne-Ed- B freshwater Natal, Zululand Indian Ocean wards, 1837 Islands, Aus- tralia

Family NEMATOCARCINIDAE

Nematocarcinus longirostrts Bate, 1888 B; Kensley, 1098-3148 off Cape Point Indo-Pacific 1968 parvidentatus Bate, B; Kensley, 2270-3257 Cape Point to Indo-Pacific 1888 1968 Natal NUMBER 338 23

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution Family STYLODACTYLIDAE

Parastylodactylus bimaxillaris Bate, Hayashi and 300-600 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1888 Miyake, 1968; bique Figueira, 1971 Stylodactylus slebbingi Hayashi Hayashi and 380-600 Cape Point to - and Miyake, 1968 Miyake, 1968 East London

Family PASIPHAEIDAE

Eupasiphae gilesii Wood-Mason Kensley, 1977a 340-770 off Natal NE Atlantic, and Alcock, 1893 Indian Ocean Leptochela pugnax de Man, 1916 Kensley, 1969 35 off Durban Mediterranean, Indo-Pacific robusta Stimpson, Kensley, 1969 shallow infratidal off Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1860 to 132 Parapasiphae sulcatifrons Smith, B 1300 off Cape Point N & S Atlantic, 1884 Indian Ocean, E Pa- cific Pasiphaea meiringnaudei Ken- Kensley, 1977a 560-1200 off Natal - sley, 1977a sivado (Risso, 1816) Kensley, 1977a 140-550 off Natal Mediterranean, NE Atlantic, Indian Ocean

Family BRESILIIDAE

Discias mvitae Bruce, 1976 Bruce, 1976 15 Zululand Kenya, East Af-

Family RHYNCHOCINETIDAE

Rhynchocinetes durbanensis Gordon, B intertidal Durban 1936 rigens Gordon, 1936 16 Natal N Atlantic, Caribbean, Indo-Pacific

Family PALAEMONIDAE

Subfamily PALAEMONINAE

Leander tenuicornis (Say, Barnard, 1955 intertidal, shallow Mozambique NE, NW & SW 1818) infratidal Atlantic, Mediterra- nean, Carib- bean, Indo- Pacific Macrobrachium equidens (Dana, Holthuis, 1950 freshwater Natal, Mozam- E Africa, Indo- 1852a) bique Pacific 24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution idella (Hilgendorf, B freshwater Natal, Mozam- E Africa, Mad- 1878) bique agascar, In- dia lepidactylus (Hilgen- B freshwater East London to E Africa, Mad- dorf, 1878) Mozambique agascar petersii (Hilgendorf, B freshwater Natal, Mozam- - 1878) bique rude (Heller, 1862) B freshwater Natal, Mozam- E Africa, Mad- bique agascar, In- dia vollenhoveni (Herklots, Kensley, 1970b freshwater Kunene River W Africa, Cape 1857) Verde Islands Palaemon (Nematopalae- tenuipes (Henderson, estuarine, shallow Natal Indo-Pacific, mori) 1893) infratidal New Zealand (Palaeander) elegans Rathke, 1837 Holthuis, 1950 shallow infratidal Liideritz, Swak- Mediterranean, opmund NE Atlantic, W Africa {Palaemon) capensis de Man, B; Barnard, freshwater Hermanus to - 1897a 1955 Port Elizabeth concinnus Dana, Bernard, 1955 intertidal, estua- Natal, Zululand Indo-Pacific 1852a rine debilis Dana, 1852a Barnard, 1955 intertidal, estua- Natal Indo-Pacific rine pacificus (Stimpson, B; Barnard, intertidal to shal- northern S.W.A. Indo-Pacific 1860) 1955 low infratidal, to Mozam- estuarine bique

Subfamily PONTONIINAE

Anchistus custos (Forskal, 1775) B; Barnard, intertidal, shallow Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1958 infratidal Conchodytes tridacnae Peters, 1852 B; Barnard, intertidal, shallow Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1958 infratidal Coralliocaris graminea (Dana, B; Barnard, intertidal, shallow Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1852a) 1958 infratidal Harpiliopsis beaupresi (Audouin, B; Barnard, intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1826) 1958 depressus (Stimpson, B; Barnard, intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1860) 1958 Ischnopontonia lophos (Barnard, Barnard, 1962 intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1962) Jocaste lucina (Nobili, 1901) B; Barnard, intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1958 Palaemonella rotumanus (Borra- Barnard, 1958; intertidal Mozambique Mediterranean, daile, 1898) Bruce, 1970 Indo-Pacific Peridimenaeus natalensis (Stebbing, Barnard, 1958 800 Natal 1915) tridentatus (Miers, Barnard, 1958 intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1884) uropodialis Barnard, Barnard, 1958 intertidal Mozambique 1958 NUMBER 338 25

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Species (jenus reference distribution distribution distribution Penclimenes (Harpilius) brevicarpalis (Schen- Barnard, 1958 intertidal, shallow Mozambique Indo-Pacific kel, 1902) infratidal demani Kemp, 1915 Barnard, 1955, intertidal, estua- Natal to Mozam- Indian Ocean 1958 rine bique grandis (Stimpson, Barnard, 1955, intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1860) 1958 seychellensis Barnard, 1958 intertidal Mozambique Indian Ocean Borradaile, 1915 (Periclimenes) commensalis Borra- Barnard, 1958 intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific daile, 1915 delagoae Barnard, Barnard, 1958 intertidal Mozambique _ 1958 imperator Bruce, 1967 Bruce, 1967 intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific lanipes Kemp, 1922 Barnard, 1958 intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific

Family GNATHOPHYLLIDAE

Gnathophyllum americanum Guerin- B intertidal, shallow Transkei to Moz- NE & NW At Meneville, 1855 infratidal ambique lantic, Indo Pacific Hymmocera picta Dana, 1852c B intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific

Family ALPHEIDAE

Alpheus albatrossae (Banner, Kensley, 1978 30 off Durban Indo-Pacific 1953) architectus (de Man, Barnard, 1955 intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1897b) bique bisincisus de Haan, B 50 Natal Indo-Pacific 1849 collumianus Stimpson, Barnard, 1958 shallow infratidal Transkei to Moz- Indo-Pacific 1860 ambique crassimanus Heller, B intertidal, estua- Bree River to Indo-Pacific 1865 rine Mozambique dissodontonotus Steb- B shallow infratidal Still Bay to Port - bing, 1915 to 40 Elizabeth edwardsii (Audouin, B intertidal to 26 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1826) bique frontalis H. Milne- B; Kensley, 200 off Mozambique Indo-Pacific Edwards, 1837 1969 longecarinatus Hilgen- B 86 Natal to Mozam- Indian Ocean dorf, 1878 bique lottini Guerin-Mene- B shallow infratidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific ville, 1831 bique malabariais Fabricius, B shallow infratidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1798 nonalter Kensley, Kensley, 1969; 175-200 Natal to Mozam- Japan, Philip- 1969 Banner and bique pines Banner, 1978 notabilis Stebbing, B intertidal to shal- Mozambique - 1915 low infratidal 26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution parvirostris Dana, B shallow infratidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1852a rapacida de Man, B shallow infratidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1908b to 50 bique rapax Fabricius, 1798 B shallow infratidal Mozambique Indian Ocean strenuus Dana, 1852a B shallow infratidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific sulcatus Kingsley, B, as A. luciae intertidal to shal- Natal to Mozam- Eastern Atlan- 1878 low infratidal bique tic, Indo-Pa- cific waltervadi Kensley, Kensley, 1969 38-46 Walter's Shoal - 1969 Arete indica Coutiere, 1905 Barnard, 1958 intertidal Mozambique Indian Ocean Athanas djiboutensis Coutere, B intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1897 minikoensis Coutiere, B intertidal to shal- Port Elizabeth to Indo-Pacific 1905 low infratidal Mozambique nitescens Leach, 1814 B shallow infratidal False Bay to Na- Mediterranean to 40 tal NE Atlantic Betaeus jucundus Barnard, B intertidal to shal- Plettenberg Bay - 1947 low infratidal, to Natal estuarine Metalpheus paragracilis (Coutiere, Kensley, 1970a; intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1897) Chace, 1972 Racilius compressus Paulson, Barnard, 1958 intertidal Mozambique Indian Ocean 1875 Synalpheus anisocheir Stebbing, B intertidal to 80 Saldanha Bay to _ 1915 Natal charon (Heller, 1861) B shallow infratidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific jedanensis de Man, B shallow infratidal Mozambique Indian Ocean 1911b to 8

Family OGYRIDIDAE

Ogyrides occidentalis (Ort- B Liideritz Brasil, W Africa mann, 1893) saldanhae Barnard, B 9-20 Lamberts Bay to 1947 False Bay striaticauda Kemp, Barnard, 1958 Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1915

Family HIPPOLYTIDAE

A lope orientalis (de Man, B intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1890) bique Eualus ctenifera (Barnard, B 30-80 Port Elizabeth to Seamount 1950) Natal Vema; Wal- ter's Shoal makrognathus (Steb- B shallow infratidal Durban bing, 1921b) pax (Stebbing, 1915) B 60 False Bay to Still _ Bay Exhippolysmata tugelae Stebbing, B 2-52 East London to 1915 Natal NUMBER 338 27

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution Gelastocaris paronae (Nobili, B 4 Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1905b) Hippolyle kraussiana (Stimpson, B intertidal Saldanha Bay to - 1860) East London palliola Kensley, Kensley, 1970b; intertidal northern S.W.A. Guinea, Congo 1970b Crosnier, 1971 ventneosa H. Milne- B intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific Edwards, 1837 Latreutes mucronatus (Stimpson, B intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1860) bique pygmaeus Nobili, B intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1904 Lebbeus saldanhae (Barnard, B 290 off Saldanha Bay - 1947) Leontocaris paulsoni Stebbing, B 260-290 Saldanha Bay to - 1905 Cape Point Lysmata kuekenthali (de Man, B shallow infratidal Natal to Mozam- Indian Ocean 1902) bique vittata (Stimpson, B intertidal to 18 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1860) bique Merhippolyte agulhasensis Bate, B 40-500 Saldanha Bay to S Angola 1888 East London calmani Kemp and B 500-640 off East London Indian Ocean Sewell, 1912 Saron marmoratus (Olivier, B intertidal to 18 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1811) bique Thor amboinensis (de Man, Kensley, 1970a intertidal to 10 Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1888b) Tozeuma lanceolalum Stimpson, B intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1860

Family PROCESSIDAE

Nikoides danae Paulson, 1875 Barnard,1955 43 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific bique Processa aequimana (Paulson, Hayashi, 1975 intertidal, estua- Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1875) rine to 10 austroafricana Bar- Hayashi, 1975 50-150 False Bay to Na- - nard, 1947 tal bamardi Hayashi, Hayashi, 1975 40 Port Elizabeth Indian Ocean, 1975 S Australia japonica (de Haan, Hayashi, 1975 30-60 Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1844) sulcata Hayashi, Hayashi, 1975 55 Natal Indo-Pacific 1975

Family PANDALIDAE

Chlorotocus crassicornis (Costa, Kensley, 1969 112-440 Cape Point to N & S Atlantic, 1871) Natal Mediterra- nean, Indo- Pacific 28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution Heterocarpus dorsalis Bate, 1888 Kensley, 1977a 550-920 off Natal Indo-Pacific laevigatus Bate, 1888 Kensley, 1977a 770-920 East London to N Atlantic, Natal Indo-Pacific tricarinatus Alcock Kensley, 1977a 490-700 East London to Indian Ocean and Anderson, Natal 1894 woodmasoni Alcock, Kensley, 1969 347 off Natal Indian Ocean 1901 Pandalina brevirostris (Rathke, B 300-400 Cape Point to Mediterranean 1843) East London N Atlantic Parapandalus richardi (Coutiere, Kensley, 1980a 460-980 Saldanha Bay to NE & NW At- 1905) Natal lantic, Indo- Pacific Plesionika acanlhonotus (Smith, Kensley, 1969 118 off Natal Mediterranean 1882) N & S Allan tic longirostris B 80-880 East London to Indo-Pacific (Borradaile, 1900) Natal martia (A. Milne-Ed- B 560-900 Saldanha Bay to Mediterranean wards, 1883) Natal N & S Allan tic, Indo-Pa- cific

Family CRANGONIDAE Metacrangon jacqueti bellmarleyi Crosnier and 780-1098 Cape Point to SE Atlantic (Stebbing, 1914a) Forest, 1973 Natal Pontocaris cataphracta (Olivi, Kensley, 1969 48-118 Cape Point to Mediterranean, 1792) Natal N & S Atlan- tic, Indian Ocean lacazei (Gourret, Kensley, 1969 150-440 Table Bay to Na- Mediterranean, 1888) tal N & S Atlan- tic, Indo-Pa- cific Pontophilus gracilis Smith, 1882 B 360-600 off Cape Penin- N & S Atlantic, sula Indo-Pacific hendersoni, Kemp, B shallow infratidal False Bay to Indian Ocean 1915 to 70 Mozambique megalocheir (Steb- B shallow infratidal False Bay to _ bing, 1915) to 50 Mozambique occidentals Faxon, Kensley, 1968 2760-3560 off Cape Point Indo-Pacific 1893 pilosus Kemp, 1916 Barnard, 1955 intertidal Mozambique Indian Ocean sculptus (Bell, 1847) B; Kensley, 60-550 False Bay to Na- Mediterranean, 1980a tal E Atlantic, Seamount Vema

Family GLYPHOCRANGONIDAE

Glyphocrangon dentatus Barnard, Kensley, 1977a 490-800 Natal to Mozam- Zanzibar 1926 bique NUMBER 338 29

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution longirostris (Smith, B 1300-1800 off Cape Point N Atlantic 1882) regalis Bate, 1888 Kensley, 1977a 580-920 off Natal Indo-Pacific sculpta (Smith, 1882) Kensley, 1968 1600-2000 off Cape Point N Atlantic

Family NEPHROPIDAE

Homarus capensis (Herbst, B; Wolff, 1978 Table Bay to _ 1792) East London Nephropsis atlantica (Norman, B 300-900 Natal N Atlantic 1882 stewarti Wood-Ma- B 470 Natal Indian Ocean son, 1873 Nephrops andamanica Wood- B; Berry, 1969b 200-460 Natal to Mozam- Indian Ocean Mason, 1892 bique

Family POLYCHELIDAE

Polycheles demam Stebbing, B 500-3000 off Cape Point - 1917b and West Coast granulatus Faxon, B 900-1200 off Cape Point N & S Atlantic, 1893 Indo-Pacific typhlops Heller, 1862 B 540 off Natal Mediterranean, N Atlantic, Indian Ocean Stereomastis nana (Smith, 1884) B 400-1800 off Cape Point N & S Atlantic, Indo-Pacific sculpta (Smith, 1882) B 600-2400 Cape Point to Mediterranean, Natal N & S Atlan- tic, Indo-Pa- cific suhmi (Bate, 1878) B 1600 off Cape Point S Atlantic Willemoesia bonaespei Kensley, Kensley, 1968 2800-3520 off Cape Point - 1968

Family PALINURIDAE

Jasus lalandii (H. Milne- B; Paterson, intertidal to 90 northern S.W.A. - Edwards, 1837) 1968 to Port Eliza- beth Linuparus somniosus Berry and B; Berry and 230-324 Mozambique - George, 1972 George, 1972 Palinurus delagoae Barnard, Berry and 250-400 Natal to Mozam- SE Madagascar 1926 Plante, 1973 bique gilchristi Stebbing, Berry and 55-102 False Bay to Na- - 1900 Plante, 1973 tal Palinustus mossambicus Barnard, B 406 Mozambique - 1926 unicomutus Berry, Berry, 1979 390 off Natal - 1979 Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, Berry, 1971 1-36 Port Elizabeth to Indian Ocean 1758) Natal 30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution longipes (H. Milne- Berry, 1971 1-18 Natal to Mozam- Indian Ocean Edwards, 1868b) bique ornatus (Fabricius, Berry, 1971 1-25 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1798) bique penicillatus (Olivier, Berry, 1971 1-10 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1791) bique versicolor (Latreille, Berry, 1971 1-16 Transkei to Moz- Indo-Pacific 1804) ambique Projasus parkeri (Stebbing, George and 500-800 East London to - 1902) Grindley, Natal 1964 Puerulus angulatus (Bate, Berry, 1969a 280-320 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1888) bique carinatus Borradaile, Berry, 1969a 320 Natal to Mozam- Indian Ocean 1910 bique

Family SCYLLARIDAE

Ibacus incisus (Peron, 1818) B 90-400 East London to Australia, Chile Mozambique Panibacus ursus major (Herbst, B p Natal Indo-Pacific 1793) Scyllarides elizabethae (Ortmann, B 60-100 Agulhas to Moz- St. Helena Is. 1894) ambique Scyllarus cultrifer (Ortmann, B 290 off Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1897) martensii Pfeffer, B 25 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1881) bique tuberculatus (Bate, B 415 Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1888) Thenus orientalis (Lund, B 52 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1793) bique

Family AXIIDAE

Calocans alcocki McArdle, B 880-1000 off Natal Indian Ocean 1900 barnardi Stebbing, B 84-180 off Saldanha Bay - 1914a longispinis McArdle, B 1400 off Cape Point Indian Ocean 1901 Enoplometopus occidentals (Randall, B 0-7 Natal Indo-Pacific 1839) Meticonaxius longispina (Stebbing, B 100-104 off East London _ 1920) Scytoleptus serripes Gerstaecker, B shallow Natal, Mozam- Indian Ocean 1856 bique

Family CALLIANASSIDAE

Callianassa gilchristi Barnard, B 30-40 False Bay to Na- 1947 tal NUMBER 338 31

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Species reference distribution distribution distribution kraussi Stebbing, B estuarine, interti- Olifants River - 1900 dal mouth to Na- tal natalensis Barnard, B •> Natal _ 1947 pixn Kensley, 1975 Kensley, 1975 estuarine Kowie River est- - tuary rotundicaudata Steb- B intertidal to 75 Saldanha Bay to Ceylon bing, 1902 Natal australis Kensley, Kensley, 1974a; 10-180 Liideritz to Sal- - 1974a de Saint Lau- danha Bay rent and le Loeuff, 1979 Callichirus adamas (Kensley, Kensley, 1974a; intertidal to 35 Orange River West Africa, 1974a) de Saint Lau- mouth to Oli- Cape Verde rent and le fants River Is. Loeuff, 1979 mouth

Family UPOGEBIIDAE

Upogebia africana (Ortmann, estuarine, interti- Olifants River to 1894) dal to 18 Natal assist Barnard, 1947 intertidal False Bay to Na- tal capensis (Krauss, estuarine, interti- Liideritz to Mos- 1843) dal to 80 sel Bay cargadensis Borra- •> Natal Indian Ocean daile, 1910 savignyi Strahl, 1862 40-80 Plettenberg Bay Indian Ocean, to Mozam- Red Sea bique

Family PYLOCHELIDAE

Pomatocheles balssi Stebbing, B 160-260 off East London 1914a

Family DIOGENIDAE

Aniculus aniculus (Fabricius, B intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1793) strigatus (Herbst, B intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1804) Calcinus elegans (H. Milne- B intertidal Natal Indo-Pacific Edwards, 1836) gaimardii (H. Milne- B intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific Edwards, 1848) bique laevimanus (Randall, B intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1839). bique latens (Randall, B intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1839) 32 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution Cancellus makrothrix Stebbing, B 34-80 False Bay to East - 1924 London Clibanarius clibanarius (Herbst, B intertidal, estua- Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1791) rine bique euryslernus Hilgen- B intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific dorf, 1878 longitarsus (de Haan, B intertidal, estua- False Bay to Indo-Pacific 1849) rine Mozambique padavensis de Man, B intertidal, estua- Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1888a rine bique striolalus Dana, B intertidal, estua- Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1852a rine bique virescens (Krauss, B intertidal, estua- False Bay to Indo-Pacific 1843) rine Mozambique Dardanus arrosor (Herbst, 17%) B intertidal to 180 Saldanha Bay to Mediterranean Mozambique N & S Allan tic, Carib- bean, Indo- Pacific asper (de Haan, B intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1849) bique deformis (H. Milne- B intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific Edwards, 1836) bique euopsis (Dana, B intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1852a) bique gut talus (Olivier, B Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1811) bique megistos (Herbst, B intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1804) bique pedunculatus (Herbst, B Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1804) bique setifer (H. Milne-Ed- B intertidal to 48 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific wards, 1836) bique Diogenes avarus Heller, 1865 MacNae and intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific Kalk, 1958; Barnard, 1955 brevirostris Stimpson, B intertidal Saldanha Bay to _ 1859c Natal costatus Henderson, B intertidal to 90 Saldanha Bay to Indian Ocean 1888 Mozambique custos (Fabricius, Barnard, 1955 intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1798) extricatus Stebbing, B intertidal False Bay to Port _ 1910 Elizabeth senex Heller, 1865 B intertidal, estua- Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific rine bique Paguristes agulhasensis Forest, Forest, 1954 55 Agulhas Bank _ 1954 bamardi Forest, 1954 Forest, 1954 intertidal False Bay to Port _ Elizabeth engyops Barnard, Forest, 1954 intertidal Liideritz to False _ 1947 Bay NUMBER 338 33

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution

gamianus (H. Milne- Forest, 1954 intertidal to 24 Liideritz to Plet- Edwards, 1836) tenberg Bay macrotrichus Forest, Forest, 1954 90-155 False Bay to Na- 1954 tal Paguropsis lypica Henderson, 110-230 Natal Indo-Pacific 1888

Family COENOBITIDAE

Coenobita cavipes Stimpson, B terrestrial Natal to Mozam- Indian Ocean 1859c bique rugosus H. Milne-Ed- B terrestrial Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific wards, 1837 bique

Family PAGURIDAE

Anapagurus hendersom Barnard, B 20-800 Lamberts Bay to - 1947 Natal Nematopagurus gardineri Alcock, Kensley, 1969 138 off Natal Indian Ocean 1905b squamichelis Alcock, Kensley, 1969 347 off Natal Indian Ocean 1905b Pagurus cuanensis (Thompson, B intertidal to 45 False Bay to Port Mediterranean 1844) Elizabeth N Atlantic, W Africa, Seamount Vema deprofundus (Steb- B 500-600 off East London - bing, 1924) placens Stebbing, B 40-110 False Bay to - 1924 Knysna spinulentus Hender- B 50-200 Mossel Bay to - son iftfifi Notol zebra Henderson, B 60-102 Agulhas Bank to Indo-Pacific 1893 East London Pylopagurus liochele Barnard, B 20-75 Orange River - 1947 mouth to Port Elizabeth ungulatus (Studer, B 100 Table Bay W Africa, ? 1882) Caribbean Spiropagurus spiriger (de Haan, Barnard, 1955 intertidal Mozambique Indian Ocean 1849) Troglopagurus jousseaumi Bouvier, MacNae and intertidal Mozambique Indian Ocean 1897 Kalk, 1958

Family PARAPAGURIDAE

Parapagurus dimorphus (Studer, B; de Saint 160-440 Saldanha Bay to S Atlantic 1882) Laurent, 1972 Agulhas kilbumi Kensley, Kensley, 1973 270 Off Natal 1973 34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution pilosimanus bouvieri de Saint Lau- 260-800 Table Bay to Stebbing, 1910 rent, 1972 East London

Family LITHODIDAE

Lithodes murrayi Henderson Kensley, 1977b 600-800 Liideritz, off Na- subantarctic is- 1888 tal lands Neolithodes asperrimus Barnard B 900-1200 Saldanha to 1947 Cape Point capensis Stebbing, B 1000-3000 off Cape Point 1905 Paralomis roeleveldae Kensley, Kensley, 1980a 625-900 off Natal 1980a

Family GALATHEIDAE

Galathea dispersa Bate, 1858 B 26-100 False Bay to Mediterranean Mozambique N Atlantic, W Africa elegans Adams and B intertidal to 8 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific White, 1848 bique intermedia Liljeborg, B intertidal to 84 False Bay to Mediterranean 1851 Mozambique N Atlantic, W Africa Munida incerta Henderson, B 17-500 Natal to Mozam- Philippines 1888 bique sanctipauli Hender- B 500-1050 Cape Point to N Atlantic son, 1885 Mozambique semoni Ortmann, B 180 Natal to Mozam- Indian Ocean 1894 bique Munidopsis bamardi Kensley, Kensley, 1968 2960-3320 off Cape Point - 1968 chacei Kensley, 1968 Kensley, 1968 3000 off Cape Point - dasypus Alcock, 1894 Kensley, 1977b 900 off Natal Indian Ocean rostrata (A. Milne- B 1800-3000 off Cape Point N Atlantic, W Edwards, 1880) Indies simplex (A. Milne- B 500-2000 off Cape Point N Atlantic, W Edwards, 1880) Indies

Family CHIROSTYLIDAE

Uroptychus edwardi Kensley, Kensley, 1980a 900 off Natal - 1980a foulisi Kensley, Kensley, 1977b 1000-1200 off Natal - 1977b mtidus (A. Milne-Ed- Kensley, 1977b 160-920 East London to N Atlantic, W wards, 1880) Natal Indies simiae Kensley, Kensley, 1977b 400-450 off Natal _ 1977b undecimspinosa Ken- Kensley, 1977b 360-430 off Natal sley, 1977b NUMBER 338 35

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution Eumunida picla Smith, 1883 Kensley, 1980b 800 off Liideritz, Sea- NW Atlantic, mount Tripp Cuba, Flor- ida, Aus- tralia, New Zealand

Family INCERTAE SEDIS

Hapaloptyx difjicilis Stebbing, B 180 off Natal 1920

Family PORCELLANIDAE

Pachycheles natalensis (Krauss, B intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indian Ocean 1843) bique and Red Sea Petrolisthes alobatus Laurie, 1926 Kensley, 1970a intertidal Mozambique Indian Ocean coccineus (Owen, Kensley, 1970a intertidal Mozambique Indian Ocean 1839) lamarcki (Leach, B intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1820) bique militaris (Heller, Kensley, 1969 intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1862) ornatus Paulson, 1875 B intertidal Mozambique Indian Ocean virgatus Paulson, Barnard, 1955 intertidal Mozambique Indian Ocean 1875 Polyonyx biunguiculatus (Dana, B intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1852c) Porcellana dehaanii Krauss, 1843 B intertidal Natal to Mozam- - bique delagoae Barnard, Barnard, 1955 intertidal Mozambique - 1955 serratifrons Stimpson, Barnard, 1958 intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1859c streptocheles Stimp- B intertidal to 63 False Bay to Na- - son, 1859c tal Porcellanella quadrilobata Miers, B •> Mozambique Australia 1879a triloba White, 1852 B 27 Mozambique Indo-Pacific

Family RANINIDAE

Cosmonotus grayi Adams and B 112 Natal Indo-Pacific White, 1848 Ranina ranina (Linnaeus, B shallow infratidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1758) to 48 bique Raninoides bamardi Sakai, 1974 Sakai, 1974 68 Natal Japan

Family ALBUNEIDAE

Albunea symnista (Linnaeus, B intertidal Natal Indo-Pacific 1758) 36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution Family HIPPIDAE

Emerita austroafricana B intertidal East London to Indian Ocean Schmitt, 1937 Mozambique Hippa adactyla Fabricius, B intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1787 bique

Family HOMOLODROMIIDAE

Homolodromia bouvieri Doflein, 1904 Kensley, 1977b 500-700 off Natal Indian Ocean

Family DROMIIDAE

Conchoecetes arttficiosus (Fabricius, B 24-100 Natal to Mozam- Indo-racihc 1798) bique Cryptodromia bullifera Alcock, Kensley, 1970a intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1900b canaliculata Stimp- Kensley, 1970a intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific son, 1859c monodous Stebbing, B shallow infratidal Durban - 1918 oktahedrous Stebbing, B intertidal Durban - 1923 tomentosa (Heller, Barnard, 1955 intertidal Mozambique Indian Ocean 1861) Cryptodromiopsis bituberculata (Steb- B 32-44 False Bay to East - bing, 1920) London lepidota Barnard, B 100 East London - 1947 mortenseni Kensley, Kensley, 1978 100 Durban - 1978 spongiosa (Stimpson, B intertidal to 160 Luderitz to East Indian Ocean 1859c) London Dromia dormia (Linnaeus, B shallow infratidal Table Bay to Na- Indo-Pacific 1763) to 50 tal Dromidia aegibotus Barnard, B shallow infratidal Saldanha Bay to - 1947 to 76 Port Elizabeth dissothrix Barnard , B 30-36 Saldanha Bay to - 1947 Port Elizabeth hirsutissima (La- B intertidal to shal- Luderitz to False _ marck, 1818) low infratidal Bay umdentata (Riippell, B shallow infratidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1830) Dromidiopsis comuta Barnard, B shallow infratidal False Bay to Port _ 1947 to 80 Elizabeth Eudromidia frontalis (Henderson, B 300 Agulhas Bank _ 1888) hendersoni (Stebbing, Kensley, 1978 40-50 Saldanha Bay to _ 1921a) Agulhas Bank Exodromidia bicomis (Studer, B 240-400 Saldanha Bay to _ 1882) Agulhas Bank spinosa (Studer, B 160-300 Luderitz to False _ 1882) Bay NUMBER 338 37

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution Petalomera laevis Kensley, 1970a Kensley, 1970a intertidal Mozambique - wilsom (Fulton and B 70-170 Port Elizabeth to Indo-Pacific Grant, 1902) Mozambique Pseudodromia integrifrons Hender- B; Barnard, intertidal Mozambique Indian Ocean son, 1893 1955 latens Stimpson, B 20-110 Saldanha Bay to - 1859c East London rotunda (MacLeay, B 12-350 Saldanha Bay to Indian Ocean 1838) East London spinosissima Kensley, Kensley, 1977b 380-550 off Natal - 1977b trepidus Kensley, Kensley, 1978 80 off East London - 1978 Speodromia platyarthrodes (Steb- B 40-60 False Bay to Port - bing, 1905) Elizabeth

Family DYNOMENIDAE

Dynomene pilumnoides Alcock, B 100 Natal Indo-Pacific 1900b

Family TYMOLIDAE

Corycodus disjunctipes (Steb- B 120-200 Natal Indian Ocean bing, 1910) Cymonomus trifurcus Stebbing, B 80-600 Mossel Bay to 1920 Natal Xeinostoma eucheir Stebbing, B 160-200 Natal Japan 1920

Family HOMOLIDAE

Homola barbata (Fabricius, B 92 False Bay to Mediterranean, 1793) Agulhas Bank N Atlantic, Caribbean orientals Henderson, B 150-200 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1888 bique Homolochunia valdivtae Doflein, Kensley, 1980a 600-650 off Natal Indo-Pacific 1904 Paromola alcocki (Stebbing, Kensley, 1980a 80-800 Liideritz to Moz- Indo-Pacific 1920) ambique cuvieri (Risso, 1816) Kensley, 1980a 800 off Liideritz Mediterranean, NE Atlantic, W Africa

Family LATREILLIDAE

Latreillia pennifera Alcock, B 70 Natal to Mozam- Indian Ocean 1900a bique Latreillopsis bispinosa Henderson, B 160 East London to Indo-Pacific 1888 Natal multispinosa Ihle, B 260 Natal Indian Ocean 1912 38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution Family DORIPPIDAE

Dorippe frascone (Herbst, Sakai, 1976 415 Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1785) lanata (Linnaeus, B 48-90 Natal to Mozam- Mediterranean 1767) bique W Africa Ethusa sinespina Kensley, Kensley, 1969 138-350 off Natal - 1969

Family CALAPPIDAE

Calappa gallus (Herst, 1803) B 48-72 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific, bique Caribbean W Africa hepatica (Linnaeus, B intertidal to shal- Durban to Moz- Indo-Pacific 1758) low infratidal ambique japonica Ortmann, B 58 Port Elizabeth to Indo-Pacific 1892 Mozambique lophos (Herbst, 1785) B 40-72 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific bique Malula banksii Leach, 1817 B intertidal to shal- Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific low infratidal bique lunaris (Forskal, B intertidal to shal- Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1775) low infratidal, bique estuarine Mursia arrnata de Haan, B; Grindley, 290 Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1837 1961 cristimanus de Haan, B 18-360 Saldanha Bay to - 1837 Natal

Family LEUCOSIIDAE

Arcania septemspinosa (Fabn- B 24-50 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific cius, 1787) bique undecimspinosa de Kensley, 1978 120-160 Natal Indo-Pacific Haan, 1841 Cryptocnemus holdsworthi Miers, Barnard, 1955 intertidal Mozambique Indian Ocean 1877a Ebalia agglomus Barnard, Barnard, 1955 intertidal Mozambique - 1955 glomus Stebbing, B 50-60 Natal Indian Ocean 1921a pondoensis Barnard, Kensley, 1978 60-300 East London to 1955 Natal tuberculata Miers, Barnard, 1955 48-100 Port Elizabeth to W Africa, 1881 Natal Azores, Ca- nary Is tuberculosa (A. Milne- B 160-370 East London to Indo-Pacific Edwards, 1873a) Natal Heteronucia angulata Barnard, B intertidal Mozambique - 1947 Ixoides comutus Mac- 35 Natal Indo-Pacific Gilchrist, 1905 NUMBER 338 39

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Species enus reference distribution distribution distribution Leucisca squalina MacLeay, B intertidal False Bay to - 1838 Mozambique Leucosia marmorea Bell, 1855 B 415 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific bique whitei Bell, 1855 B 54 Natal Indo-Pacific Myra fugax (Fabricius, B intertidal, estua- Mozambique Indo-Pacific, 1798) rine Mediterra- nean Nursilia dentata Bell, 1855 Kensley, 1969 110 Natal Indo-Pacific Philyra globosa (Fabricius, B 24 Natal Indian Ocean 1798) globulosa H. Milne- B 24-108 East London to Indian Ocean Edwards, 1837 Natal platychira de Haan, B 26 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1841 bique punctata Bell, 1855 B intertidal to 50 Saldanha Bay to - Natal scabriuscula (Fabri- B intertidal Mozambique Indian Ocean cius, 1798)

Family MAJIDAE

Acanthophrys longispina (de Haan, B 40-50 Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1839) Acanthonyx lunulalus (Risso, Kensley, 1970b intertidal northern S.W.A. Mediterranean, 1816) W Africa Achaeopsis spinulosus Stimpson, B 40-200 Cape Point to - 1858a Natal Achaeus bamardi Griffin, 1968 Griffin, 1968 72 East London - lacertosus Stimpson, B intertidal to shal- Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1858a low infratidal bique spinosissimus Grifiln, Griffin, 1968 100 East London - 1968 Antilibinia smithii MacLeay, B intertidal to shal- Plettenberg Bay - 1838 low infratidal to Natal Camposcia retusa Latreille, 1829 B shallow infratidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific bique Cyphocarcinus capreolus (Paulson, Barnard, 1955 intertidal Mozambique Indian Ocean 1875) Cyrtomaia murrayi Miers, 1886 B 280 Mozambique Indo-Pacific Dehaanius dentatus (H. Milne- B intertidal to 290 Saldanha Bay to Indian Ocean Edwards, 1834) Natal quadridentatus B intertidal to shal- East London to Indian Ocean (Krauss, 1843) low infratidal Mozambique scutellatus (MacLeay, B intertidal to shal- Natal to Mozam- Indian Ocean 1838) low infratidal bique undulatus Barnard, B intertidal Natal to Mozam- - 1947 bique Doclea muricata (Herbst, B 48 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1788) bique Dorhynchus thomsoni Thomson, B 200-240 off Cape Point N & S Atlantic 1873 Indo-Pacific 40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution Eurynome aspera (Pennant, B 50-290 Cape Point to N & S Atlantic 1777) Natal elegans Stebbing, B 160 Natal - 1921a Huenia proteus de Haan, B intertidal to 160 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1839 bique Hyastenus spinosus A. Milne- B intertidal to 54 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific Edwards, 1872 bique Inachus dorsettensis (Pennant, B 100-250 False Bay to Na- Mediterranean 1777) tal N & S Allan tic guentheri (Miers, B 16-200 Cape Point to 1879b) Mozambique Lambrachaeus ramifer Alcock, 1895 Kensley, 1977c 16 Natal Indian Ocean Macropodia falcifera (Stimpson, B 6-90 Saldanha Bay to - 1858a) East London formosa Rathbun, B intertidal to 80 East London to Indian Ocean 1911 Mozambique rostrata (Linnaeus, B intertidal, estua- False Bay to Port Mediterranean 1761) rine Elizabeth N Atlantic, W Africa Maja capensis (Ortmann, B 7-110 False Bay to Port - 1894) Elizabeth squinado (Herbst, Kensley, 1970b shallow infratidal northern S.W.A. Mediterranean 1788) W Africa Menaethwps delagoae Barnard, Barnard, 1955 intertidal Mozambique - 1955 fascicularis (Krauss, B intertidal to shal- Natal to Mozam- Indian Ocean 1843) low infratidal bique natalensis Barnard, Barnard, 1955 intertidal to shal- Natal to Mozam- - 1955 low infratidal bique Menaethius monoceros (Latreille, B intertidal to shal- Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1825) low infratidal, bique estuarine Micippa philyra (Herbst, B intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1803) lhalia (Herbst, 1803) B intertidal, estua- Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific rine bique Naxioides hirta A. Milne-Ed- B intertidal, estua- Mozambique Indo-Pacific wards, 1865 rine Paratymolus pubescens Miers, Barnard, 1955 intertidal, estua- Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1879b rine Platymaia turbynei Stebbing, Kensley, 1977b 200-880 East London to _ 1902 Mozambique Pleistacantha moseleyi (Miers, B 260 Natal Indian Ocean 1886) Rochima natalensis Kensley, Kensley, 1977b 360-420 Natal _ 1977b Schuophrys aspera (H. Milne-Ed- B intertidal to shal- Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific wards, 1834) low infratidal bique Scyramathia hertwigi Doflein, B 280-460 Cape Point to _ 1900 Agulhas Bank NUMBER 338 41

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution Xenocaranus tuberculatus White, B 60 Transkei to Natal Indo-Pacific 1847b

Family HYMENOSOMATIDAE

Elamena mathaei (Desmarest, B intertidal, estua- East London to Indian Ocean 1825) rine Mozambique Hymenosoma orbiculare Desmarest, B; Barnard, intertidal to shal- S Angola to ? Zanzibar 1825 1955 low infratidal, Mozambique estuarine Rhynchoplax bovis Barnard, 1947 B intertidal to shal- Bree River to - low infratidal, Natal estuarine Trigonoplax unguiformis (de Haan, B 100 Natal Indo-Pacific 1839)

Family PARTHENOPIDAE

Aclaeomorpha erosa Miers, 1877b B 48 Natal Indo-Pacific Daldorfia horrida (Linnaeus, B intertidal Natal Indo-Pacific 1758) Eumedonus granulosus Mac- Barnard, 1955; intertidal to shal- Mozambique Indo-Pacific Gilchrist, 1905 Kensley, 1969 low infratidal Parthenope (Platy- quemvis Stebbing, B shallow infratidal Natal to Mozam- - lambrus) 1917a to 72 bique

Family CORYSTIDAE

Gomeza bicornis Gray, 1831 B 20 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific bique Naulilocorystes ocellata (Gray, 1831) B shallow infratidal Walvis Bay to to 75 Port Elizabeth

Family ATELECYCLIDAE

Atelecyclus rotundatus (Olivi, shallow infratidal Saldanha Bay to Mediterranean, 1792) to 100 Port Elizabeth N Atlantic Kraussia rugulosa (Krauss, intertidal to 10 Transkei to Moz- Indo-Pacific 1843) ambique Indian Ocean Trachycarcinus glaucus Alcock and Kensley, 1980a 625-900 off Natal Anderson, 1899

Family GERYONIDAE

Geryon species B 230-1520 Cape Point to N & S Atlantic East London

Family PORTUNIDAE

Caphyra alata Richters, 1880 Crosnier, 1962 intertidal Durban Indian Ocean unidentata Lenz, 1910 Crosnier, 1962 intertidal Natal Indo-Pacific 42 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution Carupella natalensis Lenz and B; Crosnier, 55 Natal Indian Ocean Strunck, 1914 1962 Coelocarcinus foliatus Edmondson, 15 Natal Indo-Pacific 1930 Charybdis annulata (Fabricius, B; Crosnier, intertidal Natal Indian Ocean 1798) 1962 cruciala (Herbst, B; Crosnier, intertidal, estua- Port Alfred to Indo-Pacific 1794) 1962 rine Mozambique helleri (A. Milne-Ed- Crosnier, 1962 intertidal to 40 Natal to Mozam- Mediterranean, wards, 1867) bique Indo-Pacific natator (Herbst, B; Crosnier, intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1794) 1962 bique orientalis Dana, B; Crosnier, intertidal to 50 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1852b 1962 bique smithi MacLeay, B; Kensley, pelagic Natal Indian Ocean 1838 1977a variegata (Fabricius, B; Crosnier, shallow infratidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1798) 1962 to 90 bique Gonioneptunus africanus Shen, 1935 B 48-126 Natal to Mozam- - bique Lissocarcinus laevis Miers, 1886 B shallow infratidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific orbicularis Dana, B intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1852b Lupocyclus tugelae Barnard, B; Crosnier, 72 Natal Indian Ocean, 1950 1962 Australia Macropipus australis Guinot, Guinot, 1961 shallow infratidal S Angola to Lii- - 1961 to 240 deritz Ovalipes iridescens (Miers, Grindley, 1961 pelagic Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1886) bique punctatus (de Haan, B; Crosnier, intertidal to 90 Walvis Bay to Peru, Chile, Ar- 1833) 1962 Natal gentina, Parathranites orientalis Miers, 1886 B; Crosnier, 200 Natal Indo-Pacific 1962 Podophthalmus vigil (Fabricius, Grindley, 1961; shallow infratidal Natal Indo-Pacific 1798) Crosnier, to 15 1962 Portunus argentatus (White, Crosnier, 1962 54 Natal to Mozam- Indian Ocean 1847a) bique gladiator Fabricius, Crosnier, 1962 10-100 Natal to Mozam- Indian Ocean 1798 bique granulatus (H. Milne- Crosnier, 1962 intertidal Natal Indian Ocean Edwards, 1834) hastatoides Fabricius, Crosnier, 1962 shallow infratidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1798 to 52 bique orbicularis (Richters, Crosnier, 1962 26 Natal Indian Ocean 1880) pelagicus (Linnaeus, Crosnier, 1962 shallow infratidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific, 1758) to 15 bique Mediterra- nean sangumolentus Crosnier, 1962 shallow infratidal Mossel Bay to Indo-Pacific (Herbst, 1783) to 30 Mozambique tuberculatus Roux, shallow infratidal S Angola to Lii- Mediterranean, 1830 Hpritz INI Atlantis* W Africa NUMBER 338 43

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution Scylla serrata (Forskal, B; Crosnier, intertidal to shal- Plettenberg Bay Indo-Pacific 1775) 1962 low infratidal, to Mozam- estuarine bique Thalamita admete (Herbst, 1803) B; Crosnier, intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1962 bique bouvieri Nobili, 1906 B; Crosnier, intertidal to 55 Mozambique Indian Ocean 1962 crenata (Latreille, B; Crosnier, intertidal, estua- Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1829) 1962 rine bique delagoae Barnard, B intertidal Natal to Mozam- - 1950 bique forestiCrosnier, 1962 Crosnier, 1962 intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific integra Dana, 1852b B; Crosnier, intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1962 bique picta Stimpson, B; Crosnier, intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1858b 1962 bique prymna (Herbst, B; Crosnier, intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1803) 1962 bique sima H. Milne-Ed- B; Crosnier, intertidal to shal- Mozambique Indo-Pacific wards, 1834 1962 low infratidal Xaiva biguttala (Risso, B; Kensley, intertidal to shal- northern S.W.A. Mediterranean, 1816) 1970b low infratidal to Port Alfred Atlantic mcleayi (Barnard, B; Crosnier, 48-54 Port Elizabeth to W Africa, In- 1947) 1962 Natal dian Ocean

Family XANTHIDAE

Actaea cavipes (Dana, B intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1852b) depressa (White, B intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1847a) bique polyacantha (Heller, Kensley, 1970a intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1861) savignyi (H. Milne- B 50-130 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific Edwards, 1834) bique variolosa Borradaile, B intertidal Natal Indo-Pacific 1902 Actaeodes hirsulissima (Ruppell, B; Sakai, 1976 intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1830) tomentosus (H. Milne- B; Sakai, 1976 intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific Edwards, 1834) bique Actumnus setifer (de Haan, B intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1835) bique Atergatis y7on

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution Chlorodiella laevissima (Dana, Kensley, 1970a intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1852b) nigra (Forskal, 1775) Barnard, 1955 intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific bique Cymo andreossyi (Audouin, Barnard, 1955 intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1826) Dairoides margaritatus Steb- Guinot, 1967 180 Natal to Mozam- - bing, 1920 bique Epixanthus frontalis (H. Milne- B intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific Edwards, 1834) bique Eriphia scabricula Dana, B; Sakai, 1976 intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1852b bique sebana (Shaw in B; Sakai, 1976 intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific Shaw and Nod- bique der, 1803) smithii MacLeay, B intertidal Port Elizabeth to Indo-Pacific 1838 Mozambique Etisus electro (Herbst, 1801) B intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific laevimanus Randall, B intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1839) Eurycarcinus natalensis (Krauss, B intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indian Ocean 1843) bique Halimede delagoae Barnard, Barnard, 1954 intertidal Mozambique - 1954 Hypocolpus diverticulatus (Strahl, B intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1861) Lachnopodus subacutus (Stimpson, B intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1858b) Leptodius exaratus H. Milne- Guinot, 1964 intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific Edwards, 1834) bique voeltzkown (Lenz, Guinot, 1964 intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indian Ocean 1905) bique Liomera bella (Dana, 1852b) B intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific bique cinctimana (White, intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1847a) bique monticulosa (A. B intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific Milne-Edwards, bique 1873b) Lophozozymus dodone (Herbst, 1801) B intertidal Port Elizabeth to Indo-Pacific Mozambique Lybia Uptochelis (Zehntner, B 50-90 Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1894) plumosa Barnard, B intertidal Natal _ 1947 tessellata (Latreille, B intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1812) Medaeops granulosus Haswell, B intertidal Port Elizabeth to Indo-Pacific 1882) Natal Memppe rumphii (Fabricius, B intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1798) Muropanope tuberculidens (Rath- Guinot, 1964 intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific bun, 1911) NUMBER 338

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Species enus reference distribution distribution distribution Neoxanthias impressus (Lamarck, B intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1818) bique Ozius rugulosus Stimpson, B intertidal Natal Indo-Pacific 1858b Panopeus africanus A. Milne- Barnard, 1954 intertidal Natal S Angola, W Edwards, 1867 Africa Paractaea rueppellii (Krauss, B intertidal Transkei to Moz- Indo-Pacific 1843) ambique Parapilumnus pisifer (MacLeay, B intertidal to 40 Table Bay to W Africa 1838) Mozambique Paratergatis longimanus Sakai, Kensley, 1969 86-118 Natal Japan 1965 Phymodius ungulatus (H. Milne- B intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific Edwards, 1834) bique Pilodius areolata (H. Milne- B intertidal Transkei to Moz- Indo-Pacific Edwards, 1834) ambique Pilumnoides perlatus (Poppig, B intertidal to shal- northern S.W.A. Panama, Chile 1836) low infratidal to False Bay NE Atlantic Pilumnopeus indica (de Man, Barnard, 1955 intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1887a) bique Pilumnus longicomis Hilgen- B intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific dorf, 1878 bique minutus de Haan, B; Forest and intertidal to 170 Saldanha Bay to Indo-Pacific 1835 Guinot, 1961 Natal trichophoroides de B intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific Man, 1895 vespertilio (Fabricius, B intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1793) Platypodia granulosa (Riippell, Kensley, 1969 38-46 Walter's Shoal Indo-Pacific 1830) Pseudoliomera speciosa (Dana, B; Sakai, 1976 intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1852b) bique Pseudozius caystrus (Adams and B intertidal Transkei to Moz- Indo-Pacific White, 1848) ambique Quadrella boopsis Alcock, 1898 Sakai, 1976 intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific coronata Dana, 1852b B intertidal to 170 Natal to Mozam- Indian Ocean bique Sphaerozius fomasinii (Bianconi, Barnard, 1955 intertidal Mozambique Indian Ocean 1851) nitidus Stimpson, B intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1858b Tetralia glaberrima (Herbst, B intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1790) bique Trapezia cymodoce (Herbst, B intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1801) bique digitalis Latreille, B intertidal Natal Indo-Pacific 1825 guttata Riippell, 1830 B intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific rufopunctata (Herbst, B intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1799) bique Xanthias lamarckii (H. Milne- B intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific Edwards, 1834) 46 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution Xanlho quinquedentatus B intertidal Transkei to Natal Indian Ocean Krauss, 1843 Zosimus aeneus (Linnaeus, B intertidal Transkei to Natal Indo-Pacific 1758) Zozymodes xanthoides (Krauss, B intertidal East London to Indo-Pacific 1843) cavipes (Dana, Kensley, 1970a intertidal Mozambique 1852b) Mozambique Indo-Pacific

Family GONEPLACIDAE

Carcinoplax longimanus (de Haan, B 80-130 Port Elizabeth to Indo-Pacific 1833) Mozambique Eucrale sulcalifrons (St imp- B 48 Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific son, 1859b) bique Goneplax angulata (Pennant, B 11-116 Saldanha Bay to Mediterranean, 1777) East London N Atlantic Litocheira kingsleyi (Miers, B 100-600 Saldanha Bay to 1885) Natal Ommatocarcinus pulcher Barnard, B 56 Natal 1950 Pilumnoplax heterochir (Studer, B 200-620 Cape Point to S Atlantic, 1882) East London Indo-Pacific Typhlocarcinodes piroculatus (Rathbun, Barnard, 1955 intertidal Mozambique Indian Ocean 1911) Xenophthalmodes brachyphallus Bar- Barnard, 1955 intertidal Mozambique nard, 1955 moebii Richters, 1880 B intertidal Mozambique Indian Ocean

Family HEXAPODIDAE

Hexapus stebbingi Barnard, B 30-70 Agulhas Bank to 1947 Port Elizabeth Thaumastoplax spiralis Barnard, B intertidal St. Helena Bay 1950 to Natal

Family GRAPSIDAE

Cyclograpsus punctatus H. Milne- B intertidal, estua- Liideritz to Natal Chile, Juan Edwards, 1837 rine Fernandez Geograpsus stormi de Man, 1895 B; Crosnier, terrestrial Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1965 bique Grapsus fourmanoiri Crosnier, Crosnier, 1965 intertidal East London to Indian Ocean 1965 Mozambique tenuicrustalus (Herbst, Crosnier, 1965; intertidal Plettcnberg Bay Indo-Pacific 1783) Kensley, to Mozam- 1970c bique grapsus (Linnaeus, Kensley, 1970b intertidal northern S.W.A. tropical Atlan- 1758) tic Ilyograpsus paludicola (Rathbun, Crosnier, 1965 intertidal Mozambique Indian Ocean 1909) NUMBER 338 4/

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Species KJCTIUS reference distribution distribution distribution Metopograpsus messor (Forskal, B; Crosnier, intertidal East London to Indo-Pacific 1775) 1965 Mozambique thukuhar (Owen, Crosnier, 1965 intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1839) Pachygrapsus minutus A. Milne-Ed- Kensley, 1970a; intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific wards, 1873b Crosnier, 1965 plicatus (H. Milne- B; Crosnier, intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific Edwards, 1837) 1965 bique polyodous Stebbing, B 100 Natal - 1921a transversus (Gibbes, Kensley and intertidal northern S.W.A. Mediterranean, 1850) Penrith, 1973 W Africa, Indo-Pacific Percnon planissimum (Herbst, B; Crosnier, intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1804) 1965 bique Plagusia chabrus (Linnaeus, B intertidal northern S.W.A. Chile, Aus- 1758) to Natal tralia, New Zealand, Sea- mount Vema depressa tuberculata Crosnier, 1965 intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific Lamarck, 1818 bique Planes cyaneus Dana, 1851 Crosnier, 1965 pelagic Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific, bique SE Atlantic minutus (Linnaeus, B pelagic west coast Atlantic 1758) Pseudograpsus elongalus (A. Milne- B; Crosnier, intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific Edwards, 1873b) 1965 bique Ptychognathus onyx Alcock, 1900a B intertidal Natal Indian Ocean Sarmatium crassum Dana, 1851 B; Crosnier, intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1965 bique Sesarma (Parasesarma) catenata Ortmann, B intertidal, estua- Bree River to - 1897 rine Natal (Chiromantes) elongatum A. Milne- Crosnier, 1965 intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific Edwards, 1869 (Chiromantes) eulimene de Man, B; Crosnier, intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1897a 1965 bique (Perisesarma) guttatum A. Milne- B; Crosnier, intertidal Mozambique Indian Ocean Edwards, 1869 1965 (Sesarma) longipes Krauss, 1843 B; Crosnier, intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indian Ocean 1965 bique (Sesarma) meinerti de Man, B; Crosnier, intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1887b 1965 bique (Parasesarma) plicatum (Latreille, B; Crosnier, intertidal Natal Indo-Pacific 1806) 1965 (Sesarma) smithii H. Milne-Ed- B; Crosnier, intertidal Natal Indo-Pacific wards, 1854 1965 Varuna litterata (Fabricius, B; Crosnier, intertidal, estua- Bree River to Indo-Pacific 1798) 1965 rine Mozambique tomentosa Pfeffer, Barnard, 1955 estuarine Natal Indian Ocean 1889 48 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution Family GECARCINIDAE

Cardisoma camifex (Herbst, terrestrial Durban to Moz- Indo-Pacific 17%) ambique

Family PINNOTHERIDAE

Ostracotheres tridacnae (Riippell, B shallow infratidal False Bay to Na- Indian Ocean 1830) tal Pirmixa penultipedalis Stimp- Barnard, 1955 intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific son,1859b Pinnotheres dqfleini Lenz and B 40 False Bay to Stmnck, 1914 Mozambique globosus Jacquinot B shallow infratidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific and Lucas, 1853 Xanthasia murigera White, 1846 B intertidal Port Elizabeth to Indo-Pacific Mozambique

Family POTAMONAUTIDAE

Gecarcinautes brincki Bott, 1960 Bott, 1960 riverine Cape Peninsula to Agulhas Potamonautes (Obesopolamon- obesus calcaratus (Gor- Bott, 1955 Zimbabwe, Moz- autes) don, 1929) ambique, NE Transvaal obesus obesus (A. Bott, 1955 Zimbabwe, Moz- M i Ine- Ed wards, ambique 1868a) (Orthopotamon- depressus depressus Bott, 1955 Natal autes) (Krauss, 1843) sidneyi (Rathbun, Bott, 1955 E & N Cape, Na- 1904) tal, Zululand, .Zimbabwe, Malawi (Potamonautes) bayonianus bayonianus Bott, 1955 Okavango River, (Brito-Capello, S.W.A. 1864) bayonianus dubius Bott, 1955 Kunene River, (Brito-Capello, SWA. 1873) per la t us (H. Milne- Bott, 1955 Cape Province to Edwards, 1837) S.W.A., Bot- swana, Orange Free State, Transvaal warrem Caiman, Bott, 1955 N Cape, Orange 1918 Free State, Transvaal

Family OCYPODIDAE

Cleistostoma algoense Barnard, Barnard, 1954; intertidal Saldanha Bay to 1954 Guinot and East London NUMBER 338 49

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Species KjtflUS reference distribution distribution distribution Crosnier, 1963 edwardsii MacLeay, B; Guinot and intertidal Saldanha Bay to - 1838 Crosnier, Mozambique 1963 Dotilla fenestrata Hilgendorf, B; Crosnier, intertidal, estua- Natal to Mozam- Indian Ocean 1869 1965 rine bique Macrophlhalmus boscii Audouin, 1826 B; Crosnier, intertidal, estua- East London to Indo-Pacific 1965 rine Mozambique convexus Stimpson, Barnard, 1954 intertidal Durban Indian Ocean 1859b depressus Riippell, Barnard, 1954; intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indian Ocean 1830 Crosnier, bique 1965 grandidieri A. Milne- B; Crosnier, intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indian Ocean Edwards, 1867 1965 bique latreillei (Desmarest, Barnard, 1955; intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1822) Crosnier, 1965 Ocypode ceratophthalmus B; Crosnier, intertidal, estua- Mossel Bay to Indo-Pacific 1965 rine Mozambique cordimanus Desma- B; Crosnier, intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific rest, 1825 1965 cursor (Linnaeus, Kensley, 1970b intertidal northern S.W.A. Mediterranean 1758) W Africa madagascariensis Cros- Crosnier, 1965; intertidal Natal to Mozam- Madagascar nier, 1965 McLachlan, bique 1980 ryderi Kingsley, 1880 Sakai and Tiir- intertidal Port Elizabeth to East Africa, kay, 1976 Mozambique Zanzibar Paradeistostoma fossula Barnard, 1955 Barnard, 1955; intertidal Mozambique - Guinot and Crosnier, 1963 Tylodiplax blephariskios (Steb- B; Guinot and intertidal Natal to Mozam- - bing, 1924) Crosnier, bique 1963 Uca annulipes (H. Milne- B; Crosnier, intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific Edwards, 1852) 1965 bique gaimardi (H. Milne- Crosnier, 1965 intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific Edwards, 1852) bique inversa (Hoffman, B; Crosnier, intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1874) 1965 bique marionis (Desmarest, B; Crosnier, intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific 1825) 1965 bique urvillei (H, Milne- B; Crosnier, intertidal Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacific Edwards, 1852) 1965 bique

Family RETROPLUMIDAE

Retropluma planiforma Kensley, Kensley, 1969 175-200 Natal 1969 50 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Recent Depth Southern African Worldwide Genus Species reference distribution distribution distribution Family PALICIDAE

Palicus sexlobatus Kensley, Kensley, 1969 110 Mozambique - 1969

Family HAPALOCARCINIDAE

Cryptochirus coralliodytes Heller, Sakai, 1976 intertidal Durban Indo-Pacific 1861 Hapalocarcinus marsupialis Stimpson, Barnard, 1955 intertidal Mozambique Indo-Pacific 1859a Literature Cited

Adams, A., and A. White T. H. Heming, R. N., Commanding, Series III, 2: 1848. Crustacea. In A. Adams, editor, The Zoology of the An Account of the Deep-Sea Crustacea Dredged Voyage of H.M.S. Samarang; under the Command of during the Surveying Season 1897-98. Annals and Captain Sir Edward Belcher, C.B., F.R.A.S., F.G.S. Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 3:1-27, 278- during the Years 1843-1846, 60 pages, 13 plates. 292. London: Reeve, Benham, and Reeve. Audouin, V. Alcock, A. 1826. Explication sommaire des planches de crustace's de I'Egypte 1894. Natural History Notes from H.M. Indian Marine et de la Syrie, publiee's par Jules-Cesar Savigny, Membre Survey Steamer "Investigator," Commander R. F. de I' Inslitut; offrant un expose des caracteres naturels des Hoskyn, R.N., Late Commanding, Series II, No. genres, avec la distinction des espices. 339 pages. Paris. 1: On the Results of the Deep-sea Dredging during Balss, H. the Season 1890-91 (Continued). Annals and Mag- 1913. Decapode Crustaceen. Schultze, Forschungsreise in azine of Natural History, series 6, 13:321-334. Sudafrika, 5:105-110. 1895. Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India, 1: 1925. Macrura der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition 2: Na- The Brachyura Oxyrhyncha. Journal of the Asiatic tantia, Teil A. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Society of Bengal, 64:157-297. Deutsche Tiefsee-Expedition 1898-1899, 20:217-315. 1898. Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India, 3: 1927. Macrura der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition 3: Na- The Brachyura Cyclometopa, Part I: The Family tantia, Teil B. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Xanthidae.yourna/ of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 67: Deutsche Tiefsee-Expedition, 1898-1899, 23:245-275. 67-233. Banner, A. H. 1900a. Natural History Notes from the Royal Indian 1953. The Crangonidae, or Snapping Shrimp, of Ha- Survey Ship "Investigator," Commander T. H. waii. Pacific Science, 7:3-144. Heming, R. N., Commanding, Series III, No. 3: Banner, D. M., and A. H. Banner On Some Notable New and Rare Species of Crus- 1978. Annotated Checklist of Alpheid and Ogyridid tacea. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 68:111- Shrimp from the Philippine Archipelago and the 119. South China Sea. Micronesica, 14:215-257. 1900b. Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India, 5: Barnard, K. H. The Brachyura Primigenia, or Dromiacea. Journal 1925. A Monograph of the Marine Fishes of South of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 68:123-169. Africa, 1: Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmo- 1901. A Descriptive Catalogue of the Indian Deep-Sea Crusta- branchi and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heteroso- cea, Decapoda Macrura and Anomala, in the Indian mata. Annals of the South African Museum, 21: 418 Museum, Being a Revised Account of the Deep-Sea species pages. Collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship "In- 1926. Report on a Collection of Crustacea from Portu- vestigator. " 286 pages. Calcutta: Indian Museum. guese East Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of 1905a. A Revision of the "Genus" Peneus, with Diagnoses South Africa, 13:119-129. of Some New Species and Varieties. Annals and 1947. Descriptions of New Species of South African De- Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 16:508-532. capod Crustacea, with Notes on Synonymy and 1905b. Anomura. In Catalogue of the Indian Decapod Crustacea New Records. Annals and Magazine of Natural His- in the Collection of the Indian Museum, volume 2. tory, series 11, 13:361-392. Calcutta: Indian Museum. 1950. Descriptive Catalogue of South African Decapod Alcock, A., and A.R.S. Anderson Crustacea (Crabs and Shrimps). Annals of the South 1894. Natural History Notes from H. M. Indian Marine African Museum, 38:1-837. Survey Steamer "Investigator," Commander C. F. 1954. New Records and New Species of Crustacea from Oldham, R. N., Commanding, Series II, 14: An South Africa. Annales du Muse'e du Congo Beige, Account of a Recent Collection of Deep Sea Crus- Zoologie, new series, 1:120-131. tacea from the Bay of Bengal and Laccadive Sea. 1955. Additions to the Fauna-List of South African Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 63:141-185. Crustacea and Pycnogonida. Annals of the South 1899. Natural History Notes from H. M. Royal Indian African Museum, 43:1-107. Marine Survey Ship "Investigator," Commander 1958. Further Additions to the Crustacean Fauna-List

51 52 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

of Portuguese East Africa. Memorias do Museu Dr. B6hm,J. Alvaro de Castro, 4:1-23. 1926. Uber tertiare Versteinerungen von den Bogenfel- 1962. New Records of Marine Crustacea from the East ser Diamantfeldern. In Kaiser, editor, Die Diaman- African Region. Crustaceana, 3:239-245. ten Wu'ste Sudwest-Afrikas, volume 2. Berlin: Rei- 1974. Contributions to the Knowledge of South African mer. Marine Mollusca, VII: Revised Fauna List. Annals Borradaile, L. A. of the South African Museum, 47:663-781. 1898. A Revision of the Pontoniidae. Annals and Magazine Bate, C. S. of Natural History, 7 (2): 3 76-391. 1858. On the Importance of an Examination of the 1900. On the Stomatopoda and Macrura from the South Structure of the Integument of Crustacea in the Seas. In Willey, editor, Zoological Results Based on Determination of Doubtful Species: Application Material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty Is- to the Genus Galathea with a Description of a New lands, and Elsewhere, Collected during 1895, 1896, and Species of That Genus. Journal of the Proceedings of 1897, Part 4, 830 pages. Cambridge: Cambridge the Linnean Society of London, 3:1-4. University Press. 1878. On the Willemoesia Group of Crustacea. Annals and 1902. Marine Crustacea, III: The Xanthidae and Some Magazine of Natural History, series 5, 2:273-283. Other Crabs. In Gardiner, editor, The Fauna and 1881. On the Penaeidea. Annals and Magazine of Natural Geography of the Maldives and Laccadive Archipelagoes, History, series 5, 8:169-196. volume 1. Cambridge: University Press. 1888. Report on the Crustacea Macrura Collected by 1910. Penaeidea, Stenopidea, and Reptantia from the H.M.S. Challenger during the Years 1873-76. Western Indian Ocean. Transactions of the Linnean Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Society of London, series 2, Zoology, 13:257-264. "Challenger"during the Years 1873-76, 24: 942 pages. 1915. Notes on Carides. Annals and Magazine of Natural Bell, T. History, series 8, 15:205-213. 1847. A History of the British Stalk-Eyed Crustacea. Part VI, Bott, R. 386 pages. London: John van Voorst. 1955. Die Siisswasserkrabben von Afrika (Crust., De- 1855. Horae Carcinologicae I: A Monograph of the cap.) und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Annales du Mu- Leucosiadae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of s'ee du Congo Beige, series 3, Zoologie, 1:209-352. London, 21:277-314. 1960. Crustacea (Decapoda): Potamonidae. In Han- Berry, P. F. strom, Brinck, and Rudebeck, editors, South African 1969a. Rediscovery of the Spiny Lobster Puerulus carinatus Animal Life: Results of the Lund University Expedition Borradaile (Decapoda, Palinuridea). Crustaceana, in 1950-1951, volume 7. Lund: Almqvist and 17:239-252. Wiksells. 1969b. The Biology of Nephrops andamamcus Wood-Mason Bouvier, E.-L. (Decapoda, Reptantia). Oceanographic Research In- 1897. Sur deux paguriens nouveaux trouves par M. Cou- stitute, Investigation^ Report, 22: 55 pages. tiere dans les recifs madreporiques, a Djibouti. 1971. The Spiny Lobsters (Palinuridae) of the East Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Coast of Southern Africa: Distribution and Eco- (Paris), 6:229-233. logical Notes. Oceanographic Research Institute, Inves- 1905a. Sur les Macroures Nageurs (Abstraction Faite des tigational Report, 27: 23 pages. Carides) Recueillis par les Expeditions Ameri- 1979. A New Species of Deep-Water Palinurid Lobster caines du "Hassler" et du "Blake." Comptes Rendus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palinuridae) from the East Hebdomadaires des Se'ances de I'Academie des Sciences, Coast of Southern Africa. Annals of the South African 141:746-749. Museum, 78:93-100. 1905b. Sur les Peneides et les Stenopides Recueillis par les Berry, P. F., and R. W. George Expeditions Francaises et Monegasques dans 1972. A New Species of the Genus Linuparus (Crustacea, 1'Atlantique Oriental. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires Palinuridae) from South-East Africa. Zoologische des Se'ances de I'Academie des Sciences, 141:980-983. Mededelingen, 46:17-23. 1906a. Suite aux Observations sur les Gennadas ou Pe- Berry, P. F., and R. Plante neides Bathypelagiques. Compte Rendus Hebdoma- 1973. Revision of the Spiny Lobster Genus Palinurus, in daire des Se'ances de I'Academie des Sciences, 142:746- the South-West Indian Ocean. Transactions of the 749. Royal Society of South Africa, 40:373-380. 1906b. Sur les Gennadas ou Peneides bathypelagiques. Bul- Bianconi, J. J. letin du Muse'e Oceanographique de Monaco, 80:1-13. 1851. Specimina Zoologica Mosambicana, V. Memorie Bowman, T. E. delta Accademia delle Scienze dell' Istitute di Bologna, 3: 1967. The Planktonic Shrimp, Lucifer chacei sp. nov., 91-112. (Sergestidae: Luciferinae), the Pacific Twin of the NUMBER 338 53

Atlantic Lucifer faxoni. Pacific Science, 21:266-271. of the Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of Briggs,J. C. South Africa, 4 (special report 3): 26 pages. 1974. Marine Zoogeography. 475 pages. New York: Mc- Carrington, A. J., and B. Kensley Graw-Hill. 1969. Pleistocene Molluscs from the Namaqualand Brito-Capello, F. de Coast. Annals of the South African Museum, 52:189- 1864. Descripcao de tres especies novas de Crustaceos da 223. Africa occidental e observacoes acerca do Penoeus Chace, F. A., Jr. Bocagei Johnson especie nova dos mares de Portu- 1940. Plankton of the Bermuda Oceanographic Expe- gal. Memorias da Academia das Sciences de Lisboa, 3(2): ditions, IX: The Bathypelagic Caridean Crusta- 11 pages. cea. Zoologica (New York), 25:117-209. 1873. Descripcao d'una nova specie de "Telphusa" 1966. Decapod Crustaceans from St. Helena Island, d'Africa occidental. Journal de Sciencias Mathemati- South Atlantic. Proceedings of the United States Na- cas, Physicas e Naturaes, Lisboa, 4:254-257. tional Museum, 118:622-662. Brown, A. C, and N. Jarman 1972. The Shrimps of the Smithsonian-Bredin Carib- 1978. Coastal Marine Habitats. In Werger, editor, Bio- bean Expeditions with a Summary of the West geography and Ecology of Southern Africa, volume II. Indian Shallow-Water Species (Crustacea: Deca- Lochem, Holland: Junk. poda: Natantia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, Bruce,A. J. 98: 179 pages. 1966. Hymenopenaeus halli sp. nov., a New Species of Champion, H.F.B. Penaeid Prawn from the South China Sea (De- 1973. New Records of Penaeoid Prawns from the East capoda, Penaeidae). Crustaceana, 11:216-224. Coast of Southern Africa with Notes on Penaeus 1967. Notes on Some Indo-Pacific Pontoniinae, III-IX: marginatus Randall and a New Species of Metapen- Descriptions of Some New Genera and Species aeopsis. Crustaceana, 25:181-203. from the Western Indian Ocean and the South Coelho, P. A., M. Ramos-Porto, and M. L. Koening China Sea. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 87:1-73. 1978. Crustaceos marinhos do Brasil, do Urugiai e da 1970. Observations on the Indo-West-Pacific Species of Argentina (ao norte de Mar del Plata): Consider- the Genus Palaemonella Dana, 1852 (Decapoda, acoes Biogeograficas. Anais Universidade Federale Ru- Pontoniinae). Crustaceana, 19:273-287. ral PE, Recife, 2/3:227-256. 1976. Discias mvitae sp. nov., a New Sponge Associate Costa, A. from Kenya (Decapoda Natantia, Disciadidae). 1871. Specie del genere Pandalus rinvenute nel golfo di Crustaceana, 31:119-130. Napoli. Annuario Museo Zoologica dell Universita di Bruce, A. J., and K. Baba Napoli, 6:89-92. 1973. Spongiocaris, a New Genus of Stenopodidean Coutiere, H. Shrimp from New Zealand and South African 1897. Note sur quelques Alpheides nouveaux ou peu Waters, with a Description of Two New Species. connu Rapportes de Djibouti (Afrique Orientate). Crustaceana, 25:153-170. Bulletin de Museum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle Brulle, M. (Paris), series 1, 3:233-236. 1839. Crustaces. In Webb and Berthelot, editors, Histoire 1905. Marine Crustacea, XV: Les Alpheidae. The Fauna naturelle des lies Canaries, 2(2): 15-18. and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipela- Burkenroad, M. D. goes, 2:852-918. 1936. The Aristaeinae, Solenocerinae and Pelagic Pen- Crosnier, A. aeinae of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection: 1962. Crustaces Decapodes Portunidae. Faune de Mada- Materials for a Revision of the Oceanic Penaeidae. gascar, 16: 154 pages. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection, 5(2): 1965. Crustaces Decapodes Grapsidae et Ocypodidae. 151 pages. Faune de Madagascar, 18: 143 pages. 1940. Preliminary Descriptions of Twenty-one New Spe- 1971. Sur quelques Crustaces Decapodes ouest-africains cies of Pelagic Penaeidea (Crustacea Decapoda) nouveaux ou rarement signales. Bulletin du Museum from the Danish Oceanographical Expeditions. National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), series 3, 9:569- Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 11,6: 595. 35-54. 1978. Crustaces Decapodes Peneides Aristeidae (Ben- Caiman, W. T. thesicyminae, Aristeinae, Solenocerinae). Faune de 1918. A New River Crab from the Transvaal. Annals and Madagascar, 46: 197 pages. Magazine of Natural History, series 9, 1:234-236. Crosnier, A., and J. Forest 1925. On Macrurous Decapod Crustacea Collected in 1973. Les crevettes profondes de I'Atlantique oriental South African Waters by the S.S. "Pickle." Report tropical. Faune Tropicale, 19: 409 pages. 54 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Crowson, R. A. Ekman, S. 1970. Classification and Biology. 350 pages. London: Hei- 1967. Zoogeography of the Sea. 417 pages. London: Sidg- nemann. wick and Jackson. Dana, J. D. Fabricius, J. C. 1851. Conspectus Crustaceorum quae in orbis ten-arum 1787. Mantissa Insectorum, sistens eorum species nuper detectas: circumnavigatione, Carolo Wilkes e classe Rei- Adjectis characteribus genericis, differentiis specificis, publicae Foederatae Duce: Crustacea Grapsoidea, emendationibus, observationibus. Copenhagen. (Cyclometopa, Edwardsii). Proceedings of the Acad- 1793. Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta: Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, adjectis Synonimis, emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 5:247-254. Locis, Observationibus, Descriptionibus. Volume 2. Co- 1852a. Conspectus Crustaceorum quae in orbis terrarum penhagen: C. G. Proft. circumnavigatione, Carolo Wilkes e classe Rei- 1798. Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta: Secundum publicae Foederatae duce: Paguridea, Megalopi- Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, adjectis Synonimis, dea, Macroura. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Locis, Observationibus, Descriptionibus, Supplementum. Sciences of Philadelphia, 6:6-28. 572 pages. Copenhagen. 1852b. Conspectus Crustaceorum quae in orbis terrarum Fagetti, E., and I. Campodonica. circumnavigatione, Carolo Wilkes e classe Rei- 1973. Larval Development of Pilumnoides perlatus (Brach- publicae Foederatae Duce: Crustacea Cancroidea yura, Xanthidae) under Laboratory Conditions. & Corystoidea. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Marine Biology, 18:129-139. Sciences of Philadelphia, 6:73-86. Faxon, W. 1852c. Crustacea. United States Exploring Expedition during 1893. Reports on the Dredging Operations off the West the Years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the Coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the Command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N., 13: 685 pages. West Coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of Califor- Day,J. A. nia, in Charge of Alexander Agassiz, Carried on 1979. Southern African Cumacea. Doctoral dissertation, by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross" University of Cape Town. during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, Day,J. H. U.S.N., Commanding, VI: Preliminary Descrip- 1973. The Ecology of the Morrumbene Estuary, Mo- tions of New Species of Crustacea. Bulletin of the cambique. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Museum of Comparative Zoology, 24:149-220. Africa, 41:43-97. Figueira, A.J.G. Day, J. H., J. G. Field, and M. J. Penrith 1971. Materials for a Revision of the Family Stylodac- 1970. The Benthic Fauna and Fishes of False Bay, South tylidae (Crustacea Decapoda: Caridea), I: De- Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, scription of a New Genus and of a New Species. 39: 108 pages. Arquivos do Museu Bocage (Lisboa), series 2, 3: 8 Dell, R. K. pages. 1968. Composition and Distribution of the New Zealand Forest, J. Brachyuran Fauna. Transactions of the Royal Society 1954. Les Paguristes des Cotes Occidentales et Meridio- of New Zealand, Zoology, 10:225-240. nales d'Afrique. Annals of the South African Museum, Desmarest, A.-G. 41:159-213. 1822. Des crustaces fossiles. In A. Brongniant, editor, Forest, J., and D. Guinot Histoire naturelle des Crustaces fossiles sous les rapports 1961. Crustaces Decapodes Brachyoures de Tahiti et des zoologiques et geologiques, 154 pages. Paris: Levrault. Tuamotu. In Expedition Francaise sur les Re'cifs Cor- 1825. Considerations gene'rales sur la classe des Cms lace's, et alliens de la Nouvelle-Cale'donie, Organisee sous I'Egide description des especes de ces animaux, qui vivent dans la de la Fondatwn Singer-Polignac 1960-1962, volume mer, sur les cotes, ou dans les eaux douces de la France. preliminaire. Paris: Fondation Singer-Polignac. 446 pages. Paris: Levrault. Forskal, P. Doflein, F. 1775. Descriptiones Animalium Avium, Amphibiorum, Piscium, 1900. Crustaceen. In Chun, editor, Aus den Tiefen des Insectorum, Vermium; quae in Itinere Orientali Observavit. weltmeeres, 549 pages. Jena: Gustav Fischer. 164 pages. Copenhagen: Moller. 1904. Brachyura. Wissenschafliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Foxton, P. Tiefsee-Expedition aufdem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898- 1971. A New Species of the Genus Acanthephyra (Crusta- ; 1899, 6: 314 pages. cea: Natantia) First Discovered and Described n Edmondson, C. H. MS Notes by Dr. Stanley Kemp. Journal of the Marine 1930. New Hawaiian Crustacea. Occasional Papers of the Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 51:33- Bemice P. Bishop Museum, 9(10): 18 pages. 41. NUMBER 338 55

1972. Observations on the Vertical Distribution of the of the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, 35: 111 Genus Acanlhephyra (Crustacea: Decapoda) in the pages. Eastern North Atlantic, with Paticular Reference 1968. Two New Species of Achaeus (Crustacea, Deca- to the Species of the "purpurea" Group. Proceedings poda, Majidae) from South Africa. Annals of the of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, series B, 73:301- South African Museum, 52:75-87. 313. Griffin, D.J.G., and J. C. Yaldwyn Freitas, A. J.de 1968. The Constitution, Distribution and Relationships 1979. A New Genus and Species of the Penaeoid Family of the Australian Decapod Crustacea. Proceedings Solenoceridae (Crustacea, Decapoda) from South- of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 93:164- East African Waters. Annals of the South African 183. Museum, 77:123-131. Griffiths, C. C. Fulton, S. W., and F. E. Grant 1977. Contributions to the Southern African Gammari- 1902. Some Little Known Victorian Decapod Crustacea dean Amphipoda. Doctoral Dissertation, Univer- with Descriptions of New Species. Proceedings of the sity of Cape Town. Royal Society of Victoria, new series, 15:59-68. Grindley, J. R. George, R. W, and J. R. Grindley 1961. On Some Crabs Trawled off the Natal Coast. 1964. Projasus: A New Generic Name for Parker's Durban Museum Novitates, 6:127-134. Crayfish, Jasus parkeri Stebbing (Palinuridae: "Si- Grindley, J. R., and M. J. Penrith lentes"). Journal of the Royal Society of Western Aus- 1965. Notes on the Bathypelagic Fauna of the Seas tralia, 47:87-90. around South Africa. Zoologica Africana, 1:275-295. Gerstaecker, A. Guerin-Meneville, F. E. 1856. Carcinologische Beitrage. Archivfur Naturgeschichte, 1831. Crustaces, Arachnides et Insectes. In Duperry, ed- 22:101-162. itor, Voyage autour du Monde sur la Coquille pendant Gibbes, L. R. 1822-25, volume 2. Paris. 1850. On the Carcinological Collections of the Cabinets 1855-1856. Crustaceos. In La Sagra, editor, Historia Fis- of Natural History in the United States, with an ica Politico y Natural de la Isla de Cuba, Historia Enumeration of the Species Contained Therein, Natural, 7: 88 pages. and Descriptions of New Species. Proceedings of Guinot, D. Third Meeting of American Association for the Advance- 1961. Caracteres et affinites de Macropipus austraits sp. ment of Science, 1850:167-201. nov. Crustace Decapode Brachyoure de la Cote Gordon, I. Sud-Ouest Africaine. Bulletin de I'Institut Royal des 1929. A New River-Crab of the Subgenus Potamonautes Sciences Nature lies de Belgique, 37(26): 13 pages. from Portuguese East Africa. Annals and Magazine 1964. Crustaces Decapodes Brachyoures (Xanthidae) of Natural History, series 10, 3:405-411. des campagnes de la Calypso en Mer Rouge 1936. On the Macruran Genus Rhynchocinetes, with De- (1952), dans le Golfe Persique et a L'fle Aldabra scription of a New Species. Proceedings of the Zoolog- (1954). Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Na- ical Society of London, 1936:75-88. turelle (Paris), new series, A, Zoologie, 32: 108 pages. 1939. A New Species of Sergestes (Crustacea, Decapoda) 1967. Recherches preliminaires sur les groupements na- from the South Atlantic. Annals and Magazine of turels chez les Crustaces Decapodes Brachyoures, Natural History, series 11, 4:498-509. III: A propos des affinites des Genres Dairoides Gourret, P. Stebbing et Daira de Haan. Bulletin du Museum 1888. Revision des Crustaces Podophthalmes du Golfe National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), series 2, 39:540- de Marseille suive d'un essai de classification de 563. la classe des Crustaces. Annales du Muse'e d'Histoire Guinot, D., and A. Crosnier Naturelle de Marseille, Zoologie, 3:1-212. 1963. Remarques sur les genres Cleistostoma, Paracleistos- Gray,J. E. toma et Tylodiplax, et description de Tylodiplax der- 1831. Description of a New Genus, and Some Undes- ijardi sp. nov. (Crust. Decap. Brachyura). Bulletin cribed Species of Crustacea. Zoological Miscellany, du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), series 1831:39,40. 2, 35:606-619. Griffin, D. J. G. Haan, W. de 1966a. A Review of the Australian Majid Spider Crabs 1833-1850. Crustacea. In de Siebold, editor, Fauna Japon- (Crustacea, Brachyura). Australian Zoologist, 13: ica, 243 pages. Amsterdam: J. Miiller & Co. 259-298. Hansen, H. J. 1966b. The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Spider Crabs, 1919. The Sergestidae of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga Family Majidae (Crustacea, Brachyura). Memoirs Expedition Monograph, 38: 65 pages. 56 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Harris, T.F.W. melten Crustaceen. Monatsbericht der Kb'nigliche Aka- 1961. The Nearshore Circulation of Water. In Symposium demie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1878:782-850. on Marine Studies of the Natal Coast, pages 18-20. Hoffman, C. K. Pretoria: C.S.I.R. 1874. Crustaces et Echinodermes de Madagascar et de Haswell. W. A. ltle de la Reunion. In Pollen, editor, Recherches sur 1882. Description of Some New Sepcies of Australian la Faune de Madagascar et de ses De'pendances, 5:58. Decapoda. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New Leyden. South Wales, 6:750-763. Holthuis, L. B. Hayashi, K.-I. 1950. The Decapoda of the Siboga Expedition, X: The 1975. The Indo-West Pacific Processidae (Crustacea, Palaemonidae Collected by the Siboga and Snellius Decapoda, Caridea). Journal of the Shimonoseki Uni- Expeditions with Remarks on Other Species, I: versity of Fisheries, 24:47-145. Subfamily Palaemoninae. Siboga Expedition, 39a: Hayashi, K.-I., and S. Miyake 268 pages. 1968. Notes on the Family Stylodactylidae with the 1977. The Mediterranean Decapod and Stomatopod Description of a New Genus Neostylodactylus. Journal Crustacea in A. Risso's Published Works and of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 14: Manuscripts. Annales du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle 583-611. de Nice, 5:37-88. Heller, C. Hutson, W. H. 1861. Synopsis der im rothen Meere vorkommenden 1980. The Agulhas Current during the Late Pleistocene: crustaceen. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich Koniglichen Analysis of Modern Faunal Analogs. Science, 207: zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 1861:32. 64-66. IhIe,J.E.W. 1862. Beitrage zur naheren Kenntnis der Macrouren. 1912. Ueber einige neue, von der Siboga-Expedition Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in gesammelte Homolidae. Tijdschrift der Neder- Wien, 45:389-413. landsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, series 2, 12:206- 1865. Reise der b'sterreichischen Fregatte Novara urn der Erde in 214. den Crustaceen In Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. Zoolo- Ivanov, B. G., and A. M. Hassan gischer theil, volume 2 (plates only published in 1976. Penaeid Shrimps (Decapoda, Penaeidae) Col- 1865). Vienna: Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Hof- und lected off East Africa by the Fishing Vessel "Van Staatsdruckerei. Gogh," 2: Deep-Water Shrimps of the Genera Henderson, J. R. Penaeopsis and Parapenaeus with Description of Pen- 1885. Diagnoses of the New Species of Galatheidea Col- aeopsis balssi sp. nov. Crustaceana, 31: 10 pages. lected during the "Challenger" Expedition. Annals Jacquinot, H., and H. Lucas and Magazine of Natural History, series 5, 16:407- 1853. Crustaces. In Hombron and Jacquinot, editors, 421. Voyage au Pole Sud et dans I'Oceanie execute pendant 1888. Report on the Anomura Collected by H.M.S. 1837-1840: Zoologie, 107 pages. Paris. "Challenger" during the Years 1873-1876. Report Johnson, J. Y. on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. "Chal- 1867. Descriptions of a New Genus and a New Species lenger" during the Years 1873-76, 27: 221 pages. of Macrurous Decapod Crustaceans Belonging to 1893. A Contribution to Indian Carcinology. Transactions the Penaeidae, Discovered at Madeira. Proceedings of of the Linnean Society of London, series 2, Zoology, 5: the Zoological Society of London, 1867:895-901. 325-458. Joubert, L. S. Herbst,J.F.W. 1965. A Preliminary Report on the Penaeid Prawns of 1782-1804. Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Krabben und Durban Bay. Oceanographic Research Institute, Inves- Krebs nebst einer systematise hen Beschreibung ihrer ver- tigational Report, 11: 32 pages. schetdenen Arten. 3 volumes. Zurich, Berlin, and Kalk, M. Stralsund. 1959. The Zoogeographical Composition of the Interti- Herklots, J. A. dal Fauna at Inhaca Island, Mocambique. South 1857. Palaemon Vollenhovenii, nouvelle espece de Crustace. African Journal of Science, 55:178-180. Tijdschrifl voor Entomologie, 1:96-97. Kemp S. Hilgendorf, F. 1909. The Decapods of the Genus Gennadas Collected by 1869. Uebersicht der ostafrikanischen Crustaceen. In H.M.S. "Challenger." Proceedings of the Zoological Decken, editor, Baron Carl Claus von der Decken's Society of London, 1909:718-729. Reisen in Ostafrika in 1859-61, volume 3. Leipzig 1913. Pelagic Crustacea Decapoda of the Percy Sladen and Heidelberg. Expedition in H.M.S. "Sealark." Transactions of the 1878. Die von Hrn. W. Peters in Mocambique gesam- Linnaean Society of London, 16:53-68. NUMBER 338 57

1915. Fauna of the Chilka Lake: Crustacea Decapoda. South Africa and Mauritius (Crustacea, Deca- Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 5:201-325. poda, Thalassinidea). Annals of the South African 1916. Notes on Crustacea Decapoda in the Indian Mu- Museum, 69:47-58. seum, VI: Indian Crangonidae. Records of the Indian 1977a. The South African Museum's Meiring Naude Museum, 12:355-384. Cruises, 5: Crustacea, Decapoda, Reptantia and 1922. Notes on Crustacea Decapoda in the Indian Mu- Natantia. Annals of the South African Museum, 74:13- seum, XV: Pontoniinae. Records of the Indian Mu- 44. seum, 24:113-288. 1977b. The South African Museum's Meiring Naude 1939. On Acanlhephyra purpurea and Its Allies (Crustacea Cruises, 2: Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura and Decapoda: Hoplophoridae). Annals and Magazine of Brachyura. Annals of the South African Museum, 72: Natural History, series 11, 4:568-579. 161-188. Kemp, S., and R.B.S. Sewell 1977c. Lambrachaeus ramifer Alcock, a Rare Spider Crab 1912. Notes on Decapoda in the Indian Museum, III: from the East Coast of Southern Africa (Deca- The Species Obtained by R.I.M.S.S. "Investiga- poda, Brachyura, Majidae). Zoologica Africana, 12: tor" during the Survey Season 1910-11. Records of 323-327. the Indian Museum, 7:15-32. 1977d. A Second Assemblage of Pliocene Invertebrate Kensley, B. Fossils from Langebaanweg, Cape. Annals of the 1968. Deep Sea Decapod Crustacea from West of Cape South African Museum, 72:189-210. Point, South Africa. Annals of the South African 1978. Decapod Crustaceans Collected in Southern Afri- Museum, 50:283-323. can Waters by the Th. Mortensen Java-South 1969. Decapod Crustacea from the South-West Indian Africa Expedition (Crustacea, Decapoda). Steen- Ocean. Annals of the South African Museum, 52:149- strupia, 4:249-261. 181. 1980a. The South African Museum's Meiring Naude 1970a. A Small Collection of Decapod Crustacea from Cruises, 12: Further Records of Decapoda Crus- Mocambique. Annals of the South African Museum, tacea. Annals of the South African Museum, 83:49-78. 57:103-122. 1980b. Decapod and Isopod Crustaceans from the West 1970b. Some Decapod Crustacea from Northern South Coast of Southern Africa, Including Seamounts West Africa, Including a New Species of Hippolyte. Vema and Tripp. Annals of the South African Museum, Cimbebasia, series A, 1:179-188. 83:13-32. 1970c. The Occurrence of Grapsus grapsus tenuicrustatus Kensley, B., and M.-L. Penrith (Herbst) at the Tsitsikama Coast National Park 1973. The Constitution of the Intertidal Fauna of Rocky (Decapoda, Brachyura, Grapsidae). Koedoe, 13: Shores of Mocamedes, Southern Angola. Cimbeba- 127-130. sia, series A, 2:113-123. 1971a. The Family Sergestidae in the Waters around King L. Southern Africa (Crustacea, Decapoda, Natantia). 1953. A Miocene Marine Fauna from Zulu land. Trans- Annals of the South African Museum, 57:215-264. actions and Proceedings of the Geological Society of South 1971b. The Genus Gennadas in the Waters around South- Africa, 56:59-91. ern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 57: Kingsley,J. S. 271-294. 1878. A Synopsis of the North American Species of the 1972. Pliocene Marine Invertebrates from Langebaan- Genus Alpheus. Bulletin of the United States Geological weg, Cape Province. Annals of the South African and Geographical Survey, 4:189-199. Museum, 60:173-190. 1880. Carcinological Notes, 3: Revision of the Genus 1973. A New Species of Hermit Crab from Natal, South Ocypoda. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences Africa (Decapoda, Anomura, Paguridae). Durban of Philadelphia, 1880:179-186. Museum Novitates, 9:285-290. 1882. Carcinological Notes, V. Bulletin of the Essex Insti- 1974a. The Genus Callianassa (Crustacea, Decapoda, tute, 14:105-132. Thalassinidea) from the West Coast of South Af- Kishinouye, K. rica, with a Key to the South African Species. 1900. Japanese Species of the Genus Penaeus. Journal of Annals of the South African Museum, 62:265-278. the Fisheries Bureau, Tokyo, 8: 29 pages. 1974b. The Status of the PIio-Pleistocene Panopea in Kitchin, F. L. Southern Africa (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Hiatellidae). 1913. The Invertebrate Fauna and Palaeontological Re- Annals of the South African Museum, 1974:199-215. lations of the Uitenhage Series. Annals of the South 1974c. A Review of the Southern African Decapod Crus- African Museum, 7:21-250. tacean Fauna. Doctoral dissertation, Univeristy of Krauss, F. Cape Town. 1843. Die Sudqfrikanischen Crustaceen. 137 pages. Stuttgart: 1975. Records of Mud-Prawns (Genus Callianassa) from E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. 58 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Kr0yer, H. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Ge- 1855. Bidrag til Kundskab om Kraebsdyrlaegten Serg- sellschaft, 27:341-392. estes Edw. Danske Videnskabemes Selskab, Oversigt, 1910. Crustaceen von Madagaskar, Ostafrika und Cey- 1855: 14 pages. lon. In Voeltzkow, editor, Reise in Ostafrika in den 1859. Forsog til en Monographisk Fremstelling af Jahren 1903-1905, volume 2. Stuttgart: E. Kraebsdyrslaegten Sergestes: Med Bemaerkninger Schweizerbart 'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. om Dekapodernes Horeredskaber. Danske Lenz, H., and K. Strunck Videnskabemes Selskab, Sknfter, 5:219-302. 1914. Die Dekapoden der Deutschen Siidpolar-Expedi- Kubo, I. tion 1901-1903,1: Brachyuren und Macruren mit 1949. Studies on Penaeids of Japanese and Its Adjacent ausschluss der Sergestiden. In Deutsche Sudpolar- Waters. Journal of the Tokyo College of Fisheries, 36: Expedition 1901-1903, 15: Zoologie, 7:261-345. Ber- 467 pages. lin. Lamarck, J.B.P.A. Liljeborg, W. 1818. Histoire nature lie des animaux sans vertebres, pre'sentant 1851. Norges Crustaceer. Stockholm, Oversigt, 8:19-27. les caracteres ge'neraux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur Linnaeus, C. distribution, leurs classes, leur families, leurs genres, et la 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum citation desprincipales especes qui s'y rapportent; pre'cedee Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, d'une introduction offrant la determination des caracteres Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Edition 10, volume 1, essentiels de I'animal, sa distinction du vegetal et des 824 pages. Stockholm. autres corps naturels, enfin, I'exposition des principes 1761. Fauna Suecica, sistens Animalia Sueciae regni distributa fondamentaux de la zoologie. Volume 5, 612 pages. per classes. Editio altera, 578 pages. Stockholm. Paris. 1763. Amoenitates Academicae, seu Dissertationes Variae Col- Lance, G. N., and W. T. Williams lectae el Auctae. Volume 6. Stockholm: Salvius. 1966. A Generalized Sorting Strategy for Computor 1767. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classifications. Nature (London), 212:218. Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Latreille, P. A. Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Edition 12, volume 1, 1804. Des Langoustes (Pallinurus, Fabr.) du Museum part 2, pages 533-1327. Holmiae. National d'Histoire Naturelle. Annales de Museum Lund, N. T. d'Histoire Naturlle, 3:388-395. 1793. Jagttagelser til Insekternes Historic Skrivter Natur- 1806. Histoire naturelle des Crustaces et des Insectes. In historie Selskabet, Copenhagen, 2:17-24. Buffon, editor, Histoire naturelle, nouvelle edition, ac- McArdle, A. F. compagne'e de notes, ouvrage re'dige par C. S. Sonnini. 1900. Natural History Notes from the Royal Indian Paris. Marine Survey Ship "Investigator," Commander 1812-1825. Entomologie, ou Histoire Naturelle des T. H. Heming, R. N., Commanding, Series III, Crustaces, des Arachnides et des Insectes. In En- No. 4: Some Results of the Dredging Season 1899- cyclopedie Methodique (Dictionaire Encyclopedique 1900. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series Methodique) ou par order de Matieres, 1782-1832. 7,6:471-478. Paris. 1901. Natural History Notes from the Royal Indian 1829. Les Crustaces, les Arachnides et les Insectes. In Marine Survey Ship "Investigator," Commander Cuvier, editor, Le Re'gne Animal, nouvelle edition, T. H. Heming, R. N., Commanding, Series HI, 4. Paris. No. 5: An Account of the Trawling Operation Laurie, R. D. during the Surveying Season 1900-1901. Annals 1926. Anomura Collected by Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner in and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 8:517-526. the Western Indian Ocean, in H.M.S. Sealark. McConnaughey, B. H. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, series 2, 1965. The Determination and Analysis of Plankton Zoology, 19:121-167. Communities. Penelitian laut di Indonesia (Marine Leach, W. E. Research in Indonesia), special number, 1965: 25 1814. Crustaceology. In Brewster, editor, The Edinburgh pages. Encyclopaedia, 7:383-437. Edinburgh. MacGilchrist, A. C. 1817. The Zoological Miscellany; Being Descriptions of New or 1905. Natural History Notes from the R.I.M.S. "Inves- Interesting Animals. Volume 3, 151 pages. London. tigator," Capt. T. H. Heming, R. N. (retired) 1820. [ Pisidia lamarcki. ] In Dictwnnaire de Sciences Naturelles, Commanding, Series 3, No. 6: An Account of 18:54. Paris. Some of the New and Some of the Rarer Decapod Lenz, H. Crustacea Obtained during the Surveying Season 1905. Ostafrikanische Dekapoden und Stomatopoden 1901-1904. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Gesammelt von Herrn Prof. Dr. A. Voeltzkow. series 7, 15:233-268. NUMBER 338 59

McLachlan, A. 1980. Occurrence of Ghost Crabs Ocypode spp., in the Eastern Cape. South African Journal of Zoology, 15: 1902. Die von Herrn Professor Kiikenthal im Indischen 57-58. Archipel gesammelten Dekapoden und Stomato- MacLeay, W. S. poden. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen naturfor- 1838. On the Brachyurous Decapod Crustacea Brought schenden Gesellschafl, 25:467-929. from the Cape by Dr. Smith. In Smith, editor, 1907. Diagnoses of New Species of Macrurous Decapod Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa; Consisting Crustacea from the Siboga Expedition. Notes from Chiefly of Figures and Descriptions of the Objects of the Leyden Museum, 29:127-147. Natural History Collected during an Expedition into the 1908a. On Caridina nilotica (Roux) and Its Varieties. Records Interior of South Africa, in the Years 1834, 1835, and of the Indian Museum, 22:55-283. 1836; Fitted Out by "The Cape of Good Hope Association 1908b. Diagnoses of New Species of Macrurous Decapod for Exploring Central Africa" pages 53-71. London: Crustacea from the Siboga-Expedition. Notes from Smith, Elder, and Co. the Leyden Museum, 30:98-112. MacNae, W. 1911a. The Decapoda of the Siboga Expedition, I: Family 1968. A General Account of the Flora and Fauna of Penaeidae. Siboga Expedition Monograph, 39a: 1 -131. Mangrove Swamps and Forests in the Indo-West- 191 lb. The Decapoda of the Siboga Expedition, II: Fam- Pacific Region. Advances in Marine Biology, 6:73- ily II Alpheidae. Siboga Expedition Monograph, 39a: 270. 133-465. MacNae, W., and M. Kalk 1916. Diagnoses of New Species of Macrurous Decapod 1958. A Natural History of Inhaca Island, Mocambique. 163 Crustacea from the Siboga-Expedition. Zoologische pages. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Mededeelingen, 2:147-151. Press. Manning, R. B., and L. B. Holthuis Man, J. G. de 1981. West African Brachyuran Crabs (Crustacea: De- 1887a. Report on the Podophthalmous Crustacea of the capoda). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 306: Mergui Archipelago, Collected for the Trustees of 379 pages, 88 figures. the Indian Museum, Calcutta, by Dr. John An- derson, F.R.S., Superintendent of the Museum. Miers, E. J. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, 22: 64 pages. 1877a. Notes on Oxystomatous Crustacea, 1: Family Leu- 1887b. Uebersicht der indo-paciflschen Arten der Gat- cosiidae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, tung Sesarma Say, nebst einer Kritik der von W. series 2, Zoology, 1:235-249. Hess und E. Nauck in den Jahren 1865 und 1880 1877b. On Actaemorpha erosa, a New Genus and Species of deschriebenen Decapoden. Zoologischen Jahrbuchem, Crustacea. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 1887, 2:639-722. 13:183-185. 1888a. Report on the Podophthalmus Crustacea of the 1879a. On a Collection of Crustacea Made by Capt. H. Mergui Archipelago, Collected for the Trustees of C. St. John, R.N., in the Corean and Japanese the Indian Museum, by Dr. John Anderson, Seas. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, F.R.S., Superintendent of the Museum. Journal of 1879:18-61. the Linnean Society, Zoology, 22:241-312. 1879b. Descriptions of New or Little Known Maioid Crus- 1888b. Bericht iiber die im indischen Archipel von Dr. J. tacea (Oxyrhyncha) in the Collection of the Brit- Brock gesammelten Decapoden und Stomatopo- ish Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, den. Archivfiir NaturgeschichU, 53:215-600. series 5, 4: 28 pages. 1890. Carcinological Studies in the Leyden Museum. 1881. On a Collection of Crustacea Made by Baron Notes from the Leyden Museum, 12:49-126. Hermann-Maltzam at Goree Island, Senegambia. 1895. Bericht iiber die von Herrn Schiffskapitan Storm Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 5, 8: zu Atjeh, an den westichen Kiisten von Malakka, 259-281. Borneo und Celebes sowie in der Java-See ges- 1884. Crustacea. In Report on the Zoological Collections made ammelten Decapoden und Stomatopoden. Zoolo- in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Voyage on H.M.S. gischenjahrbuchem, 1895, 9:75-218. "Alert" 1881-2. London: Trustees of the British 1897a. Beit rage zur Kenntnis der Fauna von Siid-Afrika, Museum. Ergebnisse einer Reise von Prof. Max Weber im 1885. Brachyura. In Tizard, Moseley, Buchanan, and Jahre 1894,1: Zur Kenntnis der Siisswasser-Fauna Murray, editors, Narrative of the Cruise of H.M.S. von Siid-Afrika. Zoologischejahrbucher, 10:135-200. "Challenger" with a General Account of the Scientific 1897b. Bericht iiber die von Herrn Schiffscapitan Storm Results of the Expedition. London. zu Atjeh, an den westlichen Kiisten von Malakka, 1886. Report on the Brachyura Collected by H.M.S. Borneo und Celebes sowie in der Java-See ges- "Challenger" during the Years 1873-76. Report on 60 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. "Chal- avec les oeuvres de eel auteurum cours complete d'Histoire lenger" during the Years 1873-76, 17: 362 pages. Naturelle, volume 2. Paris. Milne-Edwards, A. 1848. Note sur quelques nouvelles especes du genre Pa- 1865. Descriptions du quelques Crustaces Nouveaux ap- gure. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, series 3, 10:59- partenant a la tribu des Maiens. Annales de la 64. Socie'te Entomologique de France, series 4, 5:133-147 1852. Observations sur les affinites zoologiques et la 1867. Descriptions de quelques especes nouvelles de classification naturelle des Crustaces. Annales des Crustaces Brachyures. Annales de la Socie'te Entomo- Sciences Naturelles, series 3, 18:109-166. logique de France, series 4, 7:263-288. 1854. Note sur quelques Crustaces nouveaux ou peu 1868a. Description de quelques Crustaces nouveaux. Nou- connus conserves dans le museum. Nouvelles Ar- velle Archives du Museum d'Hisloire Naturelle (Paris), chives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 7:145- 4:69-92. 192. 1868b. Description de quelques Crustaces nouveaux prov- Monod, T. enant des voyages de M. Alfred Grandidier a 1956. Hippidea et Brachyura Ouest-Africains. Memoires Zanzibar et a Madagascar. Nouvelles Archives du de I'Instilut Francois d'Afrique Noire, 45:1-674. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 4:69-92. Montagu, G. 1869. Note sur quelques nouvelles especes du genre Se- 1813. Descriptions of Several New or Rare Animals, sarma, Say. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire Principally Marine, Discovered on the South Naturelle (Paris), 5:25-31. Coast of Devonshire. Transactions of the Linnaean 1872. Recherches sur la faune carcinologique que de la Society of London, 11: 26 pages. Nouvelle Caledonie. Nouvelles Archives du Museum Nobili, G. d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 8:229-267. 1901. Decapodi e Stomatopodi Eritrei del Museo Zool- 1873a. Description de quelques Crustaces nouveaux ou ogico dell' Universita di Napoli. Annuario del Museo peu connus provenant du Musee de M. C. God- Zoologico di Napoli, 1 (3): 20 pages. effroy. Journal des Museum Godeffroy, 1(4): 77-88. 1904. Diagnoses preliminaires de vingt-huit especes nou- 1873b. Recherches sur la faune carcinologique de la Nou- velles de Stomatopodes et Decapodes Macroures velle-Caledonie, Deuxieme Partie. Nouvelles Ar- de la Mer Rouge. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire chives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 9:155- Naturelle (Paris), 1904:228-237. 332. 1905a. Diagnoses preliminaires de 34 especes et varietes 1880. Reports on the Results of Dredging, under the nouvelles, et de 2 genres nouveaux de decapodes Supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of de la Mer Rouge. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Mexico, and in the Caribbean Sea, 1877, '78, '79, Naturelle (Paris), 1905:393-411. by the United States Coast Survey Steamer 1905b. Crostacei di Zanzibar. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia "Blake," Lieut.-Commander C. D. Sigsbee, ed Anatomia comparata della R. Universita di Torino, U.S.N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N., 20: 12 pages. Commanding. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative 1906. Diagnoses preliminaires de Crustaces, Decapodes Zoology at Harvard College, 8: 68 pages. et Isopodes nouveaux recueillis par M. le Dr. G. 1881. Descriptions des quelques Crustaces Macroures Seurat aux ties Touamotou. Bulletin du Museum provenant des grandes profondeurs de la Mer des d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 1906:256-270. Antilles. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, series 6, 11: Norman, A. M. 16 pages. 1882. Report on the Crustacea. Proceedings of the Royal 1883. Recueil de figures de Crustaces nouveaux ou peu connus. Society of Edinburgh, 11:683-689. Pages 1-3, plates 1-44. Paris. Olivi, G. Milne-Edwards, H. 1792. Zoologia Adriatica, ossia Calalogo Ragionato degli Ani- 1830. Description des genres Glaucothoe, Sicyonie, Serg- mali del Golfo e delle Lagune di Venezia. 334 pages. este, et Acete, de POrdre des Crustaces Decapodes. Bassano. Annales de Sciences Naturelle, 19:333-352. Olivier, G. A. 1834. Histoire naturelle des Crustaces, comprenant I'anatomie, la 1791-1811. Histoire Naturelle: Insectes. In Encyclopedic physiologic et la classification de ces animaux. Volume Me'thodique, volumes 6, 8. Paris. 1. Paris. Ortmann, A. 1836. Observations zoologiques sur les Pagures, et de- 1892. Die Abtheilungen Hippidea, Dromiidea, und Ox- scription d'un nouveau genre de la tribu des Pa- ystomata: Die Decapoden-Krebse des Strassbur- guriens. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, series 2, 6: ger Museums, mit besonderer Beriicksichtigung 257-288. der von Herrn Dr. Doderlein bei Japan und bei 1837. Crustaces. In Buffon, editor, Suites a Buffon, formant den Liu-Kiu-Inseln gesammelten und z. z. im NUMBER 338 61

Strassburger Museum aufbewahrten Formen, Pichon, X. le Theil V. Zoologische Jahrbuche, Abtheilung fir Syste- 1960. The Deep Water Circulation in the Southwest malik, Geographic und Biologic der Thierc, 6:532-588. Indian Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research, 65: 1893. Decapoden und Schizopoden. Ergebnisse der Plank- 4061-4074. ton-Expedition der Humboldt-Stiftung, 2: 120 pages. Poore, G.C.B., and D.J.G. Griffin 1894. Crustaceen. In Semon, editor, Zoologische For- 1979. The Thalassinidea (Crustacea: Decapoda) of Aus- schungsreisen in Australien und dem Malayischen Archi- tralia. Records of the Australian Museum, 32:217-321. pel, volume 8. Berlin. Poppig, E. 1896. Ueber "Bipolaritat" in der Verbreitung mariner 1836. Crustacea Chilensia nova aut minus nota (Cancer Thiere. Zoologischen Jahrbuchern, 1896, 9:571-595. polydon, Cancer plebejus, Hepatus perlatus, 1897. Garcinologische Studien. Zoologischen Jahrbuchern, Grapsus strigosus, Gecarcinus regius, Corystes 1897, 10:258-372. scarius, Leucosia pacific, Inachus mitis, etc). Archiv Owen, R. fir NaturgeschichU, 2:133-145. 1839. Crustacea. In Beechey, editor, The Zoology o/Capt. Prell, W. L., and W. H. Hutson Beechey's Voyage to the Pacific and Behring's Straits in 1979. Zonal Temperature-Anomaly Maps of Indian 1825-28. London. Ocean Surface Waters: Modern and Ice-Age Pat- Pallas, P. S. terns. Science, 206:454-456. 1772. Spicilegia Zoologica (quibus novae et obscurae animalium Randall, J. W. species illustrantur), 1767-1780. Volume 9. Berolini. 1839-1842. Catalogue of the Crustacea Brought by Paterson, N. F. Thomas Nuttall and J. K. Townsend, from the 1968. The Anatomy of the Cape Rock Lobster, Jasus West Coast of North America and the Sandwich lalandii (H. Milne-Edwards). Annals of the South Islands, with Descriptions of Such Species as Are African Museum, 51: 232 pages. Apparently New, among Which Are Included Paulson, O. Several Species of Different Localities, Previously 1875. hsledovaniya Rakoobraznykh Krasnago Morya a Zamet- Existing in the Collection of the Academy. Journal kami Otnositel'no Rakoobraznykh Drugikh Morei, I: Po- of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 8: dophthalmata i Edriophthalmata (Cumacea). 144 106-147. pages. Kiev: S. V. Kul'zhenko. Rathbun, M. J. Pennant, T. 1902. Japanese Stalk-Eyed Crustaceans. Proceedings of the 1777. British Zoology: Crustacea, Mollusca, Testacea. Volume United States National Museum, 26:23-55. 4. London: Benjamin White. 1904. Les Crabes d'Eau Douce (Potamonidae). Nouvelles Perez Farfante, I. Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), series 1979. Penaeopsis jerryi, New Species from the Indian 4,6:225-312. Ocean (Crustacea: Penaeoidea). Proceedings of the 1906. The Brachyura and Macrura of the Hawaiian Biological Society of Washington, 92:208-215. Islands. United States Fish Commission Bulletin for Peron, F. 1903, 3:827-930. 1818. [Contribution.] In Lamarck, editor, Histoire natu- 1909. New Crabs from the Gulf of Siam. Proceedings of relle des Animaux sens vertebres, pre'sentant les caracteres the Biological Society of Washington, 22:107-114. ge'neraux et particuliers de ces Animaux, pre'ce'dee d'une 1911. The Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian introduction offrant la determination des caracteres essen- Ocean in 1905, under the Leadership of Mr. J. tiels de I' animal, enfin, {'exposition des principles fon- Stanley Gardiner, 11: Marine Brachyura. Trans- damentaux de la Zoologie, volume 5. Paris. actions of the Linnean Society of London, series 2, Zool- Petere, W. ogy, 14:191-261. 1852. Conchodytes, eine neue in Muscheln lebende Gat- Rathke, H.

tung von Garneelen. Archiv fur Naturgeschichtet 18: 1837. Beitrag zur Fauna der Krimm. Memoires a 283-290. I'Academie Imperial* des Sciences de St. Pettrsbourg, 3: Pfeffer, G. 291-454. 1881. Die Panzerkrebse des Hamburger Museums. Ver- 1843. Beit rage zur Fauna Norwegens. Academuu caesareae handlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins von Leopoldino-Carolinae, Nova Ada, 20: 264 pages. Harnbutg-AUona (N. F.), 5:22-53. Richters, F. 1889. Uebersicht der von Herrn Dr. F. Stuhlmann in 1880. Decapoda. In Mobius, editor, Beitrage zur Metres- Agypten, auf sansibar und dem gegenuberliegen- fauna der Insel Mauritius und der Seychellen, 352 pages. den Festlande gesammeiten Reptilien und Krebse. Berlin: Verlag Gutmann'schen Buchhandlung. Jarhbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschafilichen Anstal- Risso, A. ten, 6: 36 pages. 1816. Histoire naturelle des Crusface's des environs de Nice. 175 62 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

pages. Paris: Librairie Grecque-Latine-Alle- Africa. Investigational Reports of the Division of Fish- mande. eries of the Republic of South Africa, 58: 22 pages. 1826. Histoire naturelle des principale productions de I'Europe Shaw, G., and F. P. Nodder Me'ridionale et particulie'rement de celles des environs de 1803. Naturalist's Miscellany. Volume 15, plates 589-612. Nice el des Alpes Maritimes. Volume 5. Paris and London. Strasbourg. Shen, C. J. Roux, J.L.F.P. 1935. On a New Species of Charybdis, Belonging to the 1830. Crustace's de la Me'diterrane'e et de son Littoral, 1828- Subgenus Gonioneptunus, from South Africa. Annals 1830. Paris and Marseille. and Magazine of Natural History, series 10, 15:404- 1833. Lettre relative a divers coquilles, crustaces, in- 408. sectes, reptiles, et oiseaux, observes, en Egypte. Smith, M. M. Annales des Sciences Naturelles (Paris), 28:72-78. 1970. Endemism in South African Fishes. In Symposium Riippell, E. on Oceanography in South Africa, paper H. 3. Durban. 1830. Beschreibung und Abbildung von 24 Arten kurzschwdn- Smith, S. I. zigen Krabben, als Beitrag zur Naturgeschichte des rothen Meers. Frankfurt: Heinrich Ludwig Bronner. 1882. Reports on the Results of Dredging, under the Saint Laurent, M. de Supervision of Alexander Agassiz, on the East 1972. Sur la famille des Parapaguridae Smith, 1882: Coast of the United States, during the Summer of Description de Typhlopagurus foresti gen. nov., sp. 1880, by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer "Blake," nov., et de quinze especes ou sous-especes nouvelles Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N., Commanding. de Parapagurus Smith (Crustacea, Decapoda). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Har- Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 42:97-123. vard College, 10: 108 pages. Saint Laurent, M. de, and P. le LoeufT 1883. Preliminary Report on the Brachyura and Ano- 1979. Campagnes de la Calypso au large des Cotes Atlan- mura Dredged in Deep Water off the South Coast tiques Africaines (1956 et 1959), 22: Crustaces of New England by the United States Fish Com- Decapodes Thalassinidea, I: Upogebiidae et Cal- mission in 1880, 1881, and 1882. Proceedings of the lianassidae. Re'sultats Scientifiques des Campagnes de la United States National Museum, 6: 56 pages. Calypso, 11:29-101. 1884. Report on the Decapod Crustacea of the Albatross Sakai, K., and M. Tiirkay Dredgings off the East Coast of the United States 1976. Bemerkungen zu einigen Ocypode-Arten (Crusta- in 1883. Annual Report of the Commissioner of Fish and cea: Decapoda). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 57:81-%. Fisheries for 1882, 15:345-426. Sakai, T. 1885. On Some New or Little Known Decapod Crusta- 1965. On Two New Genera and Five New Species of cea, from Recent Fish Commission Dredgings off Xanthoid Crabs from the Collection of His Maj- the East Coast of the United States. Proceedings of esty the Emperor of Japan, Made in Sagami Bay. the United States National Museum, 7:493-511. Crustaceana, 8:97-106. 1887. The Abyssal Decapod Crustacea of the "Alba- 1974. On Some Systematically Interesting Crabs from tross" Dredgings in the North Atlantic. Annals and Japan. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Magazine of Natural History, series 5, 17:187-198. Zoology, 10:10-14. Stander, G. H. 1976. Crabs of Japan and the Adjacent Seas. 773 pages. 1964. The Benguela Current off South West Africa. Tokyo: Kodansha Ltd. Investigational Reports of the Marine Research Laboratory Say, T. of South West Africa, 12: 43 pages. 1818. An Account of the Crustacea of the United States. Stebbing, T.R.R. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- 1900. South African Crustacea. Marine Investigations in phia, 1:155-169. South Africa, 1:14-66. Schenkel, E. 1902. South African Crustacea, II. Marine Investigations in 1902. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Dekapodenfauna von South Africa, 2: 92 pages. Celebes. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesells- 1905. South African Crustacea, III. Marine Investigations chaft in Basel, 13:485-618. in South Africa, 4:21-123. Schmitt, W. L. 1910. General Catalogue of South African Crustacea 1937. A New Species of Emerita (Crustacea) from South (Part V of S. A. Crustacea, for the Marine Inves- Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 32:25-29. tigations in South Africa). Annals of the South African Shannon, L. V. Museum, 6:281-593. 1966. Hydrology of the South and West Coasts of South 1914a. South African Crustacea (Part VII of S. A. Cms- NUMBER :« 63

tacea, for the Marine Investigations in South Af- Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 10:93- rica). Annals of the South African Museum, 15: 55 110. pages. 1859c. Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebrato- 1914b. Stalk-eyed Crustacea Malacostraca of the Scottish rum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum National Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, Royal Society of Edinburgh, 50:253-307. Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers Du- 1915. South African Crustacea (Part VIII of S. A. Crus- cibus, observavit et descripsit. Proceedings of the tacea, for the Marine Investigations in South Af- Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 10:225- rica). Annals of the South African Museum, 15:57-104. 252. 1917a. The Malacostraca of Natal. Annals of the Durban 1860. Prodromus Descriptionis Animalium Evertebra- Museum, 2: 33 pages. torum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacifi- 1917b. South African Crustacea (Part IX of S. A. Crus- cum Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata tacea, for the Marine Investigations of South Af- misssa, Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodg- rica). Annals of the South African Museum, 17:23-46. ers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit. Proceedings of 1918. Some Crustacea of Natal. Annals of the Durban the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 12:22- Museum, 2:47-75. 47. 1920. South African Crustacea (Part X of S. A. Crusta- StrahlJ. C. cea, for the Marine Investigations in South Af- 1861. Carcinologische Beitrage. Archivfur Naturgeschichte, rica). Annals of the South African Museum, 17:231- 27:101-106. 272. 1862. Ueber einige neue von Herrn F. Jagor eingesandte 1921a. South African Crustacea (Part XI of S. A. Crus- Thalassinen und die systematische Stellung dieser tacea, for the Marine Investigations in South Af- Familie. Monatsberichte der Konigliche Preussiche Aka- rica). Annals of the South African Museum, 18:453- demieder Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1861:1055-1072. 468. Stubblefield, C. J. 1921b. Some Crustacea of Natal. Annals of the Durban 1927. Lower Miocene Crustacea from Pemba Island. In Museum, 3:11-26. Report on the Palaeontology of the Zanzibar Protectorate. 1923. Crustacea of Natal. Fisheries and Marine Biological London: Geological Survey. Survey, Report No. 3, for the Year 1922, 1924: 16 1939. [Report.] In Borges, editor, Depositos terciarios e pages. post-pliocenos do distrito de Inhambane. Boletim 1924. South African Crustacea (Part XII of S. A. Crus- de Colonia de Mozambique, Servicos de Industrie, Minas tacea, for the Marine Investigations in South Af- e Geologia, 3:59-105. rica). Annals of the South African Museum, 19:235-Studer, T. 248. 1882. Verzeichniss der wahrend der Reise S.M.S. Gazelle Stimpson, W. an der Westkuste von Afrika, Ascension und der 1858a. Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebrato- Cap der Guten Hoffnung gesammelten Crusta- rum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum ceen. Abhandlungen der konigliche Preussischen Akade- Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, mie der Wissenschajlen, Berlin, 2: 32 pages. Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers Du- Sund, O. cibus, observavit et descripsit. Proceedings of the 1920. Peneides and Stenopides from the "Michael Sars" Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 9:216- North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition. Reports of the 221. Scientific Results of the North Atlantic Deep Sea Expe- 1858b. Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebrato- dition, 3(7): 32 pages. rum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Tankard, A. J. Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, 1975. Thermally Anomalous Late Pleistocene Molluscs Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers Du- from the South-Western Cape Province, South cibus, observavit et descripsit. Proceedings of the Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 69:17-45. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 10:31-40. Thompson, W. 1859a. [Untitled communication.] Proceedings of the Boston 1844. Report on the Fauna of Ireland: Division Inver- Society of Natural History, 6:416-417. tebrata. Report of the British Association for the Ad- 1859b. Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebrato- vancement of Science, 13:245-291. rum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Thomson, C. W. Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, 1873. The Depths of the Sea: An Account of the General Results Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers Du- of the Dredging Cruises of H.M.S. "Porcupine" and cibus, observavit et descripsit. Proceedings of the "Lightning" during the Summers of 1868, 1869, and 64 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

1870, under the Scientific Direction of Dr. Carpenter, Wolff, T. F.R.S.J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S. and Dr. Wyville Thom- 1978. Maximum Size of Lobsters (Homarus) (Decapoda, son, F.R.S. 527 pages. London. Nephropidae). Crustaceana, 34:1-14. Visser, G. A., and M. M. van Niekerk Wood-Mason, F. 1965. Ocean Currents and Water Masses at 1000, 1500, 1873. On Nephropsis stewarti, a New Genus and Species and 3000 Metres in the South-West Indian Ocean. of Macrurous Crustaceans, Dredged in Deep Wa- Investigational Reports of the Division of Fisheries of the ter off the Eastern Coast of the Andaman Islands. Republic of South Africa, 52: 46 pages. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 42:39-44. Weber, M. Wood-Mason, J. 1897. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Fauna von Siid-Afrika, 1892. Crustacea, Part I. In Illustrations of the Zoology of 1: Zur Kenntnis der Siisswasser-Fauna von Siid- H.M. Indian Marine Surveying Steamer Investigator, Afrika. Zoologischejahrbucher, 10:135-200. under the Command of Commander A. Carpenter, plates Welsh, J. G., and G. A. Visser 1-5. Calcutta. 1970. Hydrological Observations in the South-East At- Wood-Mason, J., and A. Alcock lantic Ocean, 1: The Cape Basin. Investigational 1891. Natural History Notes from H.M. Indian Marine Reports of the Division of Fisheries of the Republic of Survey Steamer "Investigator," Commander R. F. South Africa, 83: 24 pages. Hoskyn, R.N., Commanding, 21: Note on the White, A. Results of the Last Season's Deep-Sea Dredging. 1846. Notes on Four New Genera of Crustacea. Annals Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 6, 7: and Magazine of Natural History, 18:176-178. 186-202. 1847a. List of the Specimens of Crustacea in the Collection of the 1893. On the Results of Deep-Sea Dredging during the British Museum. London. Season 1890-91. Annals and Magazine of Natural 1847b. Descriptions of New Crustacea from the Eastern History, series 6, 11:161 -171. Seas. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 15: Yaldwyn, J. C. 56-58. 1967. A Summary of the Composition and Relationships 1852. Descriptions of Some New species of Annulosa. In of the New Zealand Macruran and Anomuran MacGillivray, editor, Naralive of the Voyage of Fauna. Australian/New Zealand Meeting on Decapod H.M.S. Rattlesnake during 1846-1850, Including Dis- Crustacea, Sydney, 1967. [Printed handout.] coveries and Surveys in New Guinea, the Louisiade Ar- Zehntner, L. chipelago etc., to Which is Added the Account of Mr. E. 1894. Crustaces de l'Archipel Malais. Revue Suisse de Zool- B. Kennedy's Expedition for the Exploration of the Cape ogie el Annales du Music d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, York Peninsula, 2(6):387-395. London. 2:135-214. REQUIREMENTS FOR SMITHSONIAN SERIES PUBLICATION Manuscripts intended for series publication receive substantive review within their originating Smithsonian museums or offices and are submitted to the Smithsonian Institution Press with approval of the appropriate museum authority on Form SI-36. Requests for special treatment—use of color, foldouts, casebound covers, etc.—require, on the same form, the added approval of designated committees or museum directors. Review of manuscripts and art by the Press for requirements of series format and style, completeness and clarity of copy, and arrangement of all material, as outlined below, will govern, within the judgment of the Press, acceptance or rejection of the manuscripts and art. Copy must be typewritten, double-spaced, on one side of standard white bond paper, with iyA" margins, submitted as ribbon copy (not carbon or xerox), in loose sheets (not stapled or bound), and accompanied by original art. Minimum acceptable length is 30 pages. Front matter (preceding the text) should include: title page with only title and author and no other information, abstract page with author/title/series/etc., following the establish- ed format, table of contents with indents reflecting the heads and structure of the paper. First page of text should carry the title and author at the top of the page and an unnum- bered footnote at the bottom consisting of author's name and professional mailing address. Center heads of whatever level should be typed with initial caps of major words, with extra space above and below the head, but with no other preparation (such as all caps or underline). Run-in paragraph heads should use period/dashes or colons as necessary. Tabulations within text (lists of data, often in parallel columns) can be typed on the text page where they occur, but they should not contain rules or formal, numbered table heads. Formal tables (numbered, with table heads, boxheads, stubs, rules) should be sub- mitted as camera copy, but the author must contact the series section of the Press for edito- rial attention and preparation assistance before final typing of this matter. Taxonomic keys in natural history papers should use the alined-couplet form in the zoology and paleobiology series and the multi-level indent form in the botany series. If cross-referencing is required between key and text, do not include page references within the key, but number the keyed-out taxa with their corresponding heads in the text. Synonymy in the zoology and paleobiology series must use the short form (taxon, author, year:page), with a full reference at the end of the paper under "Literature Cited." For the botany series, the long form (taxon, author, abbreviated journal or book title, volume, page, year, with no reference in the "Literature Cited") is optional. Footnotes, when few in number, whether annotative or bibliographic, should be typed at the bottom of the text page on which the reference occurs. Extensive notes must appear at the end of the text in a notes section. If bibliographic footnotes are required, use the short form (author/brief title/page) with the full reference in the bibliography. Text-reference system (author/year/page within the text, with the full reference in a "Literature Cited" at the end of the text) must be used in place of bibliographic footnotes in all scientific series and is strongly recommended in the history and technology series: "(Jones, 1910:122)" or ".. . . Jones (1910:122)." Bibliography, depending upon use, is termed "References," "Selected References," or "Literature Cited." Spell out book, journal, and article titles, using initial caps in all major words. For capitalization of titles in foreign languages, follow the national practice of each language. Underline (for italics) book and journal titles. Use the colon-parentheses system for volume/number/page citations: "10(2):5-9." For alinement and arrangement of elements, follow the format of the series for which the manuscript is intended. Legends for illustrations must not be attached to the art nor included within the text but must be submitted at the end of the manuscript—with as many legends typed, double- spaced, to a page as convenient. Illustrations must not be included within the manuscript but must be submitted sepa- rately as original art (not copies). All illustrations (photographs, line drawings, maps, etc.) can be intermixed throughout the printed text. They should be termed Figures and should be numbered consecutively. If several "figures" are treated as components of a single larger figure, they should be designated by lowercase italic letters (underlined in copy) on the illus- tration, in the legend, and in text references: "Figure 9b.." If illustrations are intended to be printed separately on coated stock following the text, they should be termed Plates and any components should be lettered as in figures: "Plate 9.b_." Keys to any symbols within an illustration should appear on the art and not in the legend. A few points of style: (1) Do not use periods after such abbreviations as "mm, ft, yds, USNM, NNE, AM, BC." (2) Use hyphens in spelled-out fractions: "two-thirds." (3) Spell out numbers "one" through "nine" in expository text, but use numerals in all other cases if possible. (4) Use the metric system of measurement, where possible, instead of the English system. (5) Use the decimal system, where possible, in place of fractions. (6) Use day/month/year sequence for dates: "9 April 1976." (7) For months in tabular list- ings or data sections, use three-letter abbreviations with no periods: "Jan, Mar, Jun," etc. Arrange and paginate sequentially EVERY sheet of manuscript—including ALL front matter and ALL legends, etc., at the back of the text—in the following order: (1) title page, (2) abstract, (3) table of contents, (4) foreword and/or preface, (5) text, (6) appendixes, (7) notes, (8) glossary, (9) bibliography, (10) index, (11) legends. «•

,111/.,