No. 114 irculation August 2012

BHS 2012 in DUNDEE ...a very hydrological occasion

A rather damp field trip ending to a great meeting – you should have been there!

CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY 1 The 11th BHS National Symposium held in Dundee this year, was a typical BHS ‘do’ — lots of good presentations, and a welcome chance to network in congenienal surroundings at the excellent West Park Centre.

A key feature of the event was of course our Penman lecture given this year by Keith Beven on “Here we have a system in which liquid water is moving; let’s just get at the physics of it” (Penman 1965). A paper based on the Keith’s ecture will be included in a Special Issue of Hydrology Research which will comprise extended and enhanced versions of about a dozen of the Symposium Proceedings papers. This SI is being Guest Edited by Andrew Black and should be published in online preview mode by August 2013. The Dundee weather wasn’t too kind to us but this did not daunt delegates from enjoying the reception on board RRS Discovery before the Symposium Dinner. Our After Dinner speaker was Prof Paul Jowitt of Heriot-Watt University who welcomed us all to Dundee, the City of Discovery and the Dandy, Dundee Cake and the Dundee Courier. The six great J’s of Dundee, he said, are “Jam, Jute, Journalism ...... Jinneering, Jenetics .....and the reason we’re all here tonight: the Jeneralised Unit Hydrograph....” Paul gave a great speech, too long to reproduce in full here, but we’ve taken the liberty of pulling out some of the plums, as follows:

“Hydrology is in the news. 2012 is not only the year of the 11th National Symposium, but 2012 seems like the year of hydrology. Hydrologists on the TV at every meteorological and hydrological turn - droughts, floods, leakage the only thing that’s missing is pestilence. The BHS has come a long way since Exeter in 1982 and the IAHS Exeter Symposium on the Optimal Allocation of Water Resources. Someone organised a side event to see whether there was a need for a UK-wide hydrological society. Of course, Scotland had one already, the Scottish Hydrology Group. There were about 200 attendees at the Exeter Symposium, and there are at least 400 people who have claimed to have been at the meeting which conceived BHS. I think I was one of them....

2 CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY You can gauge the success and The Key Equations: Continuity; Bernoulli; Force- impact of BHS in various ways. Momentum Equation; Navier Stokes Equations….. It has 1100 members drawn from And traditionally, the key water engineering applications across the spectrum of hydrology such as open channel flow; river management; power activity, from engineering hydrology generation, water resources, supply and distribution; to environmental hydrology, from floods; droughts; sediment transport; water quality hydrological processes to water modelling and management. resources. It is the Institution of Civil But these were no longer enough: we were entering Engineers’ second largest Associated the realm of Hydro Environmental Engineering – at Society. scale. There is a new agenda: increasingly, real problems Since its inception, BHS has have either impacts that need to account for (non- organised 11 National Symposia, commensurate) socio-enviro-economic effects, or which 3 International Conferences, and account for large scale heterogeneity. This requires trans- perhaps most vital of all, it now disciplinary and/or large scale systems models . organises the Peter Wolf Early Career In 40 minutes, Jim Dooge outlined the whole agenda. Hydrologist’s Event and supports When I last saw him before he died in 2010 he told young hydrologists in other ways me he was writing his memoirs at the request of the through scholarships and travel Royal Irish Academy. We will all have to wait now grants. This support is vital, not least while someone helps finish the job to then learn of Jim’s in the wake of the vacuum created role in drafting the Dublin Principles on Water at the by the loss of NERC studentships for International Conference on Water and the Environment MSc programmes in Hydrology. It (ICWE) in January 1992. was no accident that these courses The essence of the Dublin Principles were that: provided a generation of hydrological expertise working across the globe.  Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource, BHS has more active young members essential to sustain life, development and the than any learned society I know. environment; Maybe it helps that hydrology is in  Water development and management should be based many ways, still a young science.” on a participatory approach, involving users, planners But it isn’t just about size, he and policy makers at all levels; went on, citing the 5th National  Women play a central role in the provision, Symposium held at Heriot Watt management and safeguarding of water; with Prof Jim Dooge as the Penman  Water has an economic value in all its competing Lecturer who was also one of BHS’s uses, and should be recognised as an economic good. Honorary Fellows. When he came to receive an Twenty years later, the issues of water security loom Honorary Doctorate at Heriot-Watt, ever larger, and many of them come back to hydrological I asked him to give a seminar to the failure - including the long term but inexorable closing of Water Resources MSc students. He the gap between water availability and demand - drought/ started by showing some pictures of loss of headroom etc. And at the other hydrological Babylonian clay tablets describing extreme, there are issues of water excess. Both are water management and then linked wrapped up in the issues of climate change and the that to present day issues, including impact of human activity. water security. He covered not The problems we face are at both national and only the science of water, but also international scales. In the UK there are the water the scales of scientific enquiry. resources issues in the south east. Here in Scotland, Traditionally, water management we are attempting to develop the concept of the Hydro problems operate at a scale where Nation, which addresses the water and energy nexus. water can be treated as a continuum At the international scale, the issues are perhaps with no memory and where a few key even more stark, for example, the water infrastructure scientific/engineering principles can gap between rich and poor, which in terms of reservoir be applied: storage capacity provides 6000 m3/per person in North Mass Balance; Archimedes; Energy America and 38 m3/per person in Ethiopia. Balance; Newton’s Laws… Hydrology is no longer an academic subject of purity,

CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY 3 but one which has to confront the issues of the time and platform for a sustainable future for help deal with the self-inflicted environmental and social succeeding generations has never had crises caused by human behaviour. a more important moral, economic, This is why the role of BHS is so vital, why the social and environmental imperative. outcomes from this and earlier BHS symposia and As hydrologists, as civil engineers, conferences are so important, and why its support for as hydraulic engineers, as dam young hydrologists is so essential. engineers, this is our job. Now is the time to focus on working with the powers of nature for the use and benefit of society. Providing the Now is the time to deliver.”

President’s piece Travel I hope those of you who managed to get to the Symposium in Dundee enjoyed it and found it grants worthwhile. I thought the mix of presentations was Travel grants are awarded excellent – no matter what your area of expertise from the Society’s general you are likely to have found something new - and funds to help BHS members the atmosphere was very relaxed and friendly. It whose travel expenses to was a great credit to all those who helped in the attend scientific meetings organization (not me, I hasten to add!) and I am are not met by an employer. very grateful to everyone involved who managed Applicants should have been to pull off an excellent meeting in a relatively short members of the Society for at time. least six months. The amount If there was one thing that could have been better will depend on the nature and it was the mix of members who were present. One location of the meeting and of the Society’s main aims is to facilitate exchange the case put forward. between its academic and practitioner members, Priority is given to members and there were few of the latter at Dundee. I guess under 35 or retired from this is a sign of the times – I know few practitioners employment, who are can afford to spend time away from fee-earning presenting papers and activities – but it is a short-term view and without who have not previously that interaction we will all end up the poorer. received support from BHS. One resolution I came away from Dundee with Success­ful applic­ants will was to start organizing the 2014 Symposium earlier, be expected to write a short and to make it more accessible so we can get a report for Circulation. Travel greater mix of membership attending. I welcome grant applications should be any views on venue or format – please email me at made to the Hon Treasurer at [email protected]. least two months before the Finally – an apology for suggesting in my last conference or meeting. Piece that the Government White Paper on water The Exeter Fund, makes no mention of rainwater harvesting or water administered by the Society, re-use. I am grateful to Dr Sarah Ward for pointing offers grants to British out that these sources of water supply are indeed hydrologists to take part in recognized in the publication which states their use IAHS / IUGG events. should indeed be considered in the future. Thank To apply, use the form at you Sarah – I stand corrected! www. hydrology.org.uk/about_ awards.htm or contact Nigel Goody, SEPA, 7, Whitefriars Crescent, Perth PH2 0OPA (tel 01738 448806, email: President [email protected]).

4 CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY An update on the International Hydrological Programme of UNESCO The 20th Session of the Intergovernmental  Theme 2: Groundwater in a Council of the UNESCO International Hydrological changing environment Programme (IHP) was held in Paris from 4–7  Theme 3: Addressing water June 2012. The Council meets every two years to scarcity and quality consider the Programme’s current progress and  Theme 4: Water and human future plans. The session was well attended with settlements of the future over 80 Member States, including the majority of  Theme 5: Ecohydrology, current Council Members. The UK is not currently engineering harmony for a a Council Member and attended the session as sustainable world an Observer. The UK Delegation was headed by  Theme 6: Water education, key for Alan Jenkins (CEH), as Chair of the UK Committee water security for National and International Hydrology (see Circulation No. 109), supported by Harry Dixon The Secretariat for the UK National (CEH). Ian Ball (University of Dundee) attended Committee for the IHP, operated representing the IHP-HELP Centre for Water Law, by CEH, is keen to collect ideas of Policy and Science, a Category II Centre under the potential UK contributions to IHP- auspices of UNESCO, based at the University of VIII so that a coordinated input from Dundee. ‘UK hydrology’ may be put forward. Following the opening of the session by the outgoing Those interested in hearing more Chairperson and an address by the UNESCO Assistant about the plans for IHP-VIII, or who Director General for Natural Sciences, the Council feel their activities may contribute elected a new Bureau to act as the governing body to the Programmes, are invited to of the IHP until the next Intergovernmental Council contact Harry Dixon (see below). meeting in 2014. The Bureau comprises six members, Other business considered by the each representing one of UNESCO’s electoral regions. Council during the 20th Session Dr Johannes Cullmann, from the German National included the endorsement of four new Secretariat for the IHP, was duly elected to serve as the Water Related UNESCO Category II next Chair of the IHP. In addition to procedural matters Centres and consideration was given and routine reporting, the majority of the Council to the possible development of a deliberations centred on the results of an independent ‘global campus’ by the IHE Institute evaluation of IHP-VI (2002–2007) and endorsement of for Water Education (Delft). The the strategic Plan for the next phase of the Programme Council also requested the initiation (IHP-VIII, 2014–2021). The Secretariat also presented of a new initiative on Water Quality highlights of IHP activities in the current phase (IHP-VII and encouraged Member States to 2008–2013) — including scientific achievements of IHP contribute to the Global Groundwater initiatives such as the International Sediment Initiative Information System and cooperate (ISI), the development of an African Drought Monitor further on the study of transboundary and progress in the area of water education. aquifers. A draft Strategic Plan for the Eighth Phase of the Further information about the IHP (2014–2021) has been developed over the last two IHP can be found on the UNESCO years (see Circulation No. 106) and was approved at the website at: http://www.unesco.org/ 2012 Session. IHP-VIII will be entitled ‘Water security: new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ Responses to local, regional, and global challenges’ and water/ihp/. comprise six Themes covering: Harry Dixon UK National Committee for the IHP  Theme 1: Water-related disasters and hydrological of UNESCO change Centre for Ecology & Hydrology [email protected]

CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY 5 Obituary

Dr Reg Herschy 1926-2012

Reg began his career at a Civil Engineering firm in Glasgow before being recruited as a Hydrologist by the Lothians River Purification Board – a rare designation in 1958. He moved south in 1964 to accept a post with the Surface Water Survey and when this was absorbed by the newly-created Water Resources Board (WRB) he was appointed Principal Hydrometric Engineer. This defining role was concerned with the design, appraisal and implementation of networks to monitor all components in the hydrological cycle. Reg became the prime mover in establishing the hydrometric monitoring capabilities that now underpin UK 45 years having become a member of the hydrology, water management and engineering BSI committee on hydrometry in 1966, design procedures. which he subsequently chaired from 1980 Over the following decade Reg made major to 2011. Reg also represented the UK on contributions to the WRB’s ambitious work the ISO Committee on hydrometry and was programme, which provided a firm foundation appointed Chairman of the ISO Hydrometry for water resources management over much of sub-committee on Velocity Area Methods the ensuing half century, whilst also leading a in 1973, a post he held with distinction for range of pioneering hydrometric research projects. more than 30 years. He was the inaugural These embraced the development of weather chairman of the European Standards (CEN) radar, satellite telemetry and, most notably, committee on Hydrometry, a position he the development of new flow measurement held from 1994 - 2005. Reading University techniques. The latter initiative resulted in the awarded him a PhD in 1975 for his research commissioning of many purpose-built gauging into errors and uncertainties in flow weirs and the deployment of new ultrasonic and measurement. Drawing in particular on his electromagnetic gauging stations. Following the pioneering work in flow measurement he disbanding of WRB this research continued at the authored two books: Hydrometry: Principles Water Data Unit where Reg supervised a rapid and Practices and Streamflow Measurement; expansion in the UK gauging station network which, together with subsequent editions, through the 1970s. It is appropriate that, as a Scot, became the standard works both within Reg assumed the mantle of Captain W N McClean the UK and across much of the world. In who pioneered the establishment of river gauging recognition of the breadth of Reg’s research networks early in the twentieth century. More portfolio – extending eventually to over than any other individual, Reg was responsible for 60 professional papers on hydrology and transforming an inadequate and poorly-planned hydrometry – he was awarded a DSc by patchwork of gauging stations into the extensive Reading University in 1996. network necessary to meet the complex demands Over the latter stages of his career Reg of the 21st century. undertook a wide range of national and Reg’s firm belief in the value of high quality international consultancy work and, in his hydrometric data was a defining focus throughout case, retirement was to prove a misnomer. his career and a stimulus for a wide-ranging He joined Dr David Newsome as a Partner series of technical reports and peer-reviewed in a scientific and engineering consultancy publications. He was actively involved with the and completed a seminal study into the development of hydrometric standards for over economic value of gauging station networks

6 CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY – concluding that their ability to detect and quantify change was of News miscellany the highest economic significance. In CONGRATULATIONS to Keith Beven on his award of 2002, at a time when the international the 2012 AGU Horton Medal. This medal/award/prize is collation and publication of flood awarded for outstanding contributions to hydrology and data was declining in both frequency will be awarded at an Honors Ceremony on December 5 and quality, Reg agreed to update at the 2012 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco. the IAHS/UNESCO/WMO World Adam Comerford, from British Waterways, has Catalogue of Maximum Observed now taken over from Colin Fenn as the CIWEM Water Floods. It required remarkable Resources Panel representative on the BHS National diligence and considerable powers Committee. of persuasion to collate and critically MSc students/supervisers looking for a research topic review the submitted material may be interested that the papers of the late Sir Charles to facilitate publication. Earlier Pereira, FRS, are available for bona vide students to he was engaged as co-editor of access for research purposes. H. C. Pereira was a great the prestigious Encyclopedia of authority on land use and water management, through Hydrology and Water Resources his personal research in East Africa, as Chief Scientist to and, thence, a companion volume, the Minsitry of Agriculture and his various international the Encyclopedia of Lakes and asssignments for the UN and World Bank. His scientific Reservoirs (published just prior to his career is fascinating, as is his tussles with Whitehall death). over the implementation of the Rothschild principles Reg’s passion and energy for of research funding brought in with the Thatcher hydrometry showed few signs of administrations. Interested parties should contact Dr diminishing and those who knew Jim Mcculloch in the first instance, on 01865 407770 or him thought he was indestructible. [email protected] In 2010 while attending a field Sadly, we have just learned that Prof. John Monteith excursion during ISO meetings in the has passed away. His achievements in environmental USA, Reg was observed scrambling physics and micrometeorology over more than fifty up and down river banks more years were vastly influential in establishing the agilely than hydrologists half his foundations of many of the measurement and analysis age. Only a few months before he techniques that are employed today. passed away he intimated that he was looking forward to assisting the ISO New Members Working Group with revisions to the guidance document on hydrometric Furat Ahmed Mahmood Al – Faraj...... Bolton uncertainties. Nataliya Bulygina...... Imperial College London Reg has bequeathed to the world David Anthony Gibson...... Hyder Consulting (UK) Ltd, an impressive engineering and Exeter scientific legacy. He also inspired Nicholas Kettridge...... University of Birmingham several generations of hydrologists Anthony Ladson...... Moroka, Australia and hydrometric practitioners; many Amir Levy...... University of Keele will recall with gratitude Reg’s wise Jonathan Duncan MacKay.....British Geological Society, counselling and expert guidance. To Nottingham his many friends and colleagues he Mark McLaughlin...... Scottish Environment Protection was an engaging and stimulating Agency,Glasgow companion with a dry wit and an Fiona McVittie...... Scottish Environment Protection eclectic range of interests. Reg will Agency,Edinburgh be remembered with admiration Joshua Mazurek...... Imperial College London and great affection by all who were James Miller...... CEH Wallingford fortunate enough to work with him. Sabine Peukert...... Exeter University He will be very sadly missed. Abdullahi Roble...... Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Edinburgh Terry Marsh and Stewart Child Alexander Royan...... University of Birmingham John James Weatherill...... University of Keele

CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY 7 EGU General Assembly

Vienna, Austria 22–27 April 2012

This annual event is one of the world’s biggest in this session covered strategies multidisciplinary environmental science to parameterise connectivity, with conferences. Held at the Vienna International Mike Kirkby from the University Centre, attracting over 11 000 delegates from 95 of Leeds suggesting average travel countries, across hundreds of talks, poster sessions times from runoff generating and meetings, it is impossible to give an overview of cells, average residence times and all the topics relevent to BHS members. However, contributing areas as possible index this year five BHS Travel grants were awarded and variables which may be possible to we present here the personal accounts of those use at the catchment scale. Other attending the meeting and the topics that interested talks suggested the novel application them. of existing theories to understand and conceptualise connectivity: this I. Alan Puttock’s (University of Exeter) ongoing included a fascinating approach by PhD project seeks to develop an understanding of Tobias Heckman (University of vegetation change and fluvial carbon fluxes in semi- Eichstaett-Ingolstadt) applying graph arid environments. This project works across multiple theory to sediment connectivity disciplines, investigating the relationship between by viewing connectivity as a ecology and hydrology and also using biogeochemical system property dependent on techniques to trace fluvial fluxes of sediment and carbon. the relationship between nodes Therefore, having the opportunity to attend one of the (landscape unit) and edges world’s biggest multidisciplinary environmental science (connecting pathways). conferences was a fantastic opportunity. Session HS2.8: Observational Session GM6.2: Connectivity in water and sediment hydrology: Recent development in dynamics: how do we move forwards? (Convener isotope and other tracer methods Anthony Parsons, University of Sheffield) (Convenery Christine Stumpp, Connectivity is emerging as a central theme in my Helmholtz Zentrum München research, with changing hydrological connectivity over Institute for Groundwater Ecology). vegetation transitions appearing to have a significant This session aimed to look at new implication for rainfall-runoff relationships and fluvial and novel ways of using isotope and fluxes. It was therefore extremely exciting to see the other tracing techniques to fingerprint work others are doing with this concept which is and trace the source of water and increasingly being used, but for which no standard sediment in catchments. Both the oral theoretical or methodological framework exists. The talks and poster sessions included excellent

8 CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY use of isotopic characterisation to variability to illustrate that physical erosion can form a understand hydrological function. first order component in the nitrogen budget of mountain An example of this is the work forests. of Christiane Ebert from the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental A final session of note was HS5.8: Catchment science, Research who is developing multi- management and stakeholder participation (Convener tracer techniques, including the use of Mark Wilkinson, Newcastle University) δ18O and δ2H to allow for hydrograph Whilst most of the conference sessions logically focused source separation. on science being carried out by scientists, this session In addition to isotopes, other examined stakeholder and community engagement in tracing techniques presented included hydrological research. This is an area that to some extent the development of synthetic single affects many people’s research, whether it is working stranded DNA markers by Jan with land owners and funding agencies or trying to Foppen from UNESCO-IHE Institute incorporate local knowledge and expertise. Because of for Water Education and the use of this relevance, hearing from the practical experiences fluorescent particle tracers byFlavia of others in issues (both positive and negative) working Tauro from the Polytechnic Institute with stakeholders, outside of academia, was most of New York University. The latter enlightening. presented an extremely interesting In addition to the opportunity to present and discuss method for the cost-effective tracing work in formal poster and oral sessions, EGU 2012 also flow on a range of scales from the rill provided the opportunity to meet and socialise with to small channel using fluorescent colleagues more informally. Many session and division particles (0.09–1 mm in diameter), organisers did an excellent job in organising dinners UV lamps to illuminate them and a and evening socials. Of particular note was the soil and digital camera to record their transit. erosion dinner hosted by Artemi Cerdà, President of the EGU Soil Sciences Division. This was a highly enjoyable SSS8.1: Ecology and Erosion evening with the opportunity to chat with a large number (Convenery Artemi Cerdà from the of interesting people whilst sampling traditional Austrian University of Valencia) cuisine. This session, dedicated to the Overall this was a fantastic conference to attend in a memory of Professor John Thornes, stunning city and I would recommend the occasion to aimed to look at enhancing our any young hydrological scientist, both for the strength of understanding of the functional hydrological work presented and also the simultaneous relationships between erosion and opportunity to learn about relevant multidisciplinary ecology in both directions. For my research. Of principal personal usefulness were the research, this seemed an ideal session 90-minute poster presentations slots, which gave the for my poster and I am extremely opportunity to receive a large volume of feedback. If grateful for having been given the planning on attending EGU next year, I would strongly opportunity to present my work on recommend applying for multiple poster presentations. the relationship between semi-arid I thank the BHS again for providing me with the means vegetation change and fluvial fluxes to attend this conference. Abstracts and some posters and within it. Talks and posters within presentations for this conference can be accessed online the session covered a wide range of at: http://www.egu2012.eu environments and scales. Alan Puttock Talks by both Tanja Mimmo University of Exeter from the Free University of Bolzano and Andrea Carminati from the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research looked at the relationship between root exudates and soil structure and function. This session was closed by Robert Hilton from Durham University who gave an illuminating talk using δ15N

CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY 9 II. Phillip Blaen (University of Britstol) cites the how hyporheic exchange influences following selection as a taste of some of the subject areas biogeochemical cycling in glacial that were on offer: meltwater streams. He presented Michael Zemp (World Glacier Monitoring Service, a poster on how multiple tracer Switzerland) gave a preview of Volume X (2005–2010) approaches indicate that nitrogen and of the ‘Fluctuations of Glaciers’ series that is currently phosphorous uptake occur both in being prepared for publication by the WGMS. The the channel and within the hyporheic available dataset contains approximately 43 000 zone under enriched conditions. Dry observations of a combination of front variation, direct Valley streams are therefore thought glaciological and geodetic mass balances. Taken together, to be hot spots for biogeochemical these can be used to assess whether glacier changes of cycling within the Antactic desert the 21st Century are unprecedented as compared to those landscape due to their strong since the end of the Little Ice Age. hyporheic-surface water linkages. Seasonal dynamics in snow- and glacier-melt regulate Strong coupling between river flow and stream water temperature in proglacial groundwater and surface water has streams. A poster by Kieran Khamis (University of also been observed in proglacial Birmingham, UK) outlined recent work on investigating outwash plains in Iceland. A poster the energy budget processes driving seasonal water by Amir Levy (Keele University, column thermal dynamics in a glacier fed stream in UK) showed that groundwater levels the French Pyrenees. On average, net radiation was the increased following high episodic largest heat source (~80% of total flux) and heat losses increases in river discharge in were minimal, highlighting the importance of considering these systems. These results have a meltwater generation component in future heat budget implications for understanding models. hydrogeological responses to glacial In alpine periglacial environments, the presence of retreat under a changing climate. permafrost can make it difficult to identify the origin of Tim Covino (Montana State surface and subsurface waters and the main contributors University, USA) presented work on to stream runoff. Research by G. Zuecco (University stream nutrient retention capacities in of Padova, Italy) suggests that water temperature can mountainous watersheds of varying be used as an effective indicator of permafrost-related land use development using the newly springs in these areas. Additionally, isotopic data suggests developed TASCC (Tracer Additions that runoff response appears to be mainly dependent on for Spiraling Curve Characterization) rainfall events during summer months following the loss method to quantity uptake kinetics of seasonal snowpacks. from ambient to saturated conditions. In the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, Mike He showed that ambient nitrate Gooseff (Penn State University, USA) has been studying concentrations increased more developed watersheds, but that resulting increases in biomass and retentive capacities in developed streams maintained low levels of nutrient export to downstream areas during baseflow. Permafrost soils in the circumpolar Arctic regions contain vast amounts of carbon stored as organic matter, which could potentially be mobilized during the climate warming expected to be particularly severe in these regions. Research by Gesine Mollenhauer (AWI, Germany) in Svalbard suggests that total organic carbon in a soil profile of the annually thawed active layer exhibits increasing radiocarbon ages

10 CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY with depth of 5800 conventional III Selma Guerreiro (School of Civil Engineering radiocarbon years (14C yrs BP) in & Geosciences, Newcastle University) was grateful for 0 to 30 cm depth to 26000 14C yrs the opportunity to meet scientists with whom to hopefully BP at 60–85 cm. She concluded that collaborate with in the near future. export of fossil terrigenous organic There were numerous interesting sessions occurring carbon derived from permafrost soils simultaneously and every session had interesting talks, occurs in this region of Svalbard and but I can only highlight a few. On Monday Paul Quin is likely to integrate over the annually (Newcastle University) talked about catchment systems thawed depth, i.e. the active layer. engineering. This was particularly interesting due to his In large Arctic rivers, annual interventionist approach, stressing that each intervention carbon export is dominated by the in a catchment should have multiple benefits. For spring snowmelt event. Rob Streigl example; runoff attenuation features store and filter the (USGS, USA) gave a talk on recent water, aiding in flood prevention, but also improving hydrochemical measurements taken water quality by inducing sedimentation. He also stressed before, during and after ice melt in the need to aggregate several small runoff attenuation the Yukon River. The rising limb of features to have an impact at catchment level. the spring flush hydrograph had the On Tuesday in the session “Assessment and greatest bioavailable DOC content, management of water resources: Adapting to drought and relative to the remainder of the year. water scarcity in tropical, dry land, and Mediterranean The bulk of the DOC exported in countries” the talk “Future droughts in Global Climate spring was of terrestrial plant origin Models and adaptation strategies from regional present- and 14C modern. Interestingly, day analogues” by B. Orlowsky (ETH Zurich) was however, characterization of the particularly interesting. Using four drought indices and DOC exported during the spring the CMIP5 ensemble of GCM simulations, they identified flush indicated the presence of labile several hot spots of aggravating droughts in coming atmospherically deposited DOC decades and concluded that several places in the world components having apparent fossil (parts of the US, Central Asia or Australia) will, in the fuel combustion origin. future, present drought conditions similar to the present In addition to the oral and poster conditions in the Mediterranean. presentations, delegates attending Wednesday was a very interesting day with three this year’s EGU meeting were able excellent sessions. In the session “Extreme Events and to visit the GeoCinema within the Impacts” I especially enjoyed the first talk “A fivefold conference centre which showed a iIncrease in monthly heat records” by S Rahmstorf selection of short science-themed (Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research). films on a daily basis. One of the Analysing 150 000 monthly time series worldwide they highlights of the programme was Ice found an almost linear trend in the occurrence of heat Crystals, which followed a French records in the last 40 years. In the last 10 years there research team’s efforts to understand have been five times the amount of heat records expected the structure and formation of under stationary climate, which means that every four in waterfall ice over the course of a five events can be attributed to climate change or, in other winter in the Alps. words, there is 80% probability that a given heat record is Finally, I would like to take this due to climate change. This five-fold increase is a world opportunity to thank the British mean, with some areas having up to 12-fold increase. Hydrological Society for providing In the session “Hydrological change: Regional a travel grant that allowed me to hydrological behaviour under transient climate and attend this year’s EGU meeting. I am land use conditions” the talk “Quantifying uncertainty grateful to have had the opportunity sources in hydrological climate impact Projections” was to present my work and attend especially interesting. Using two emission scenarios, so many interesting and thought- nine climate models (ENSEMBLES), two statistical provoking presentations in Vienna. post-processing methods (bias correction and delta change) and two hydrological models, they tried to assess Phillip Blaen uncertainty sources in discharge projections in the Alpine University of Birmingham Rhine for 2021–2050. Most projections show an increase in runoff in winter and a decrease in summer but there is

CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY 11 large uncertainty in the magnitude of the changes. The that changes in rainfall cannot always climate models were the dominant source of uncertainty be interpreted as trends or change during most of the year but, in one of the scenarios, the points because the pattern of change hydrological models were the main source of uncertainty can be more complex. The danger of in the summer. overestimating changes in rainfall by In the session “Drought and water scarcity: assuming that they take the form of hydrological monitoring, modelling and forecasting” linear trends was illustrated. most talks were very interesting. The session opened with Friday had two very interesting an invited talk given by H.A.J. van Lanen, Wageningen session that unfortunately ran at University, on the differences between drought and water the same time: “Regional Climate scarcity and how the effects are different to distinguish. Modelling, projections and M. Souvignet (University of Bristol) gave an stimulating impacts (including CORDEX)” talk about “Model comparison for climate change impact and “Precipitation uncertainty and prediction: does complexity actually matter?”. Studying variability: observations, ensemble a mountainous dry area in the Andes (where data are simulation and downscaling”. In the scarce) they compared the performance of a lumped second session, the talk “Comparing model (IHACRES), a semi-distributed model (SWAT) Regional Climate Model output to and a distributed model (J200). They concluded that the observational data sets for extreme distributed model performed better, especially during rainfall” given by M.A. Sunyer low flows, and that the lumped model was not stable, from DTU Environment was very sometimes predicting the right thing for the wrong stimulating. She used 15 RCM reasons. ENSEMBLES and three datasets: On Thursday I gave a talk entitled “Analysis of rainfall ECA (a point measurement dataset), changes in transnational basins in Portugal and Spain” E-OBS (gridded dataset) and ERA- in the “Climate, Hydrology and Water Infrastructure” Interim (a re-analysis dataset). She session. I performed change point and trend analysis found considerable differences on rainfall records. Significant decreases in rainfall between the datasets for Denmark, were found for the months of February and March and especially for precipitation extremes. significant increases in rainfall were found for October in She also found that when comparing some areas. The NAO index was considered as a possible daily extreme rainfall in Denmark explanation for the changes detected. It was demonstrated from an ensemble of RCMs with these datasets, the RCMs were found to be under- or over-estimating extreme rainfall, depending on the precipitation dataset used. She concluded that care must be exercised when assessing the performance of models, as the results may be very different depending on the datasets used. For those of you waiting for the results of the EURO- CORDEX project (the successor of the ENSEMBLES working with resolutions of 0.44 º and 0.11º — around 12 km) be aware that the results of single model runs will not be available. Only when all the runs of the ensembles are ready will data be made available, which should happen early 2013! Selma Guerreiro School of Civil Engineering & Geosciences, Newcastle University

12 CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY IV. `Grace Garner is a PhD student in the School of river temperature regimes within of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences at England and Wales (co-authored by the University of Birmingham. Grace’s PhD research D.M. Hannah, J.P. Sadler and H.G. investigates the effects of a changing climate on river and Orr), in which techniques based upon stream temperatures within the UK; she presented two conditional probability were used to aspects of this research in an oral and a poster session at quantify the links between the form EGU 2012. and magnitude of annual air and river temperature regimes, and catchment HS 2.13 Hydrological change: Regional hydrological processes used to explain regional behaviour under transient climate and land use variability in the strength of air-river conditions temperature associations. This session concerned hydrological change and was split into two themes: the first was the role of climate HS10.8/BG4.4 Environmental and and associated uncertainties; the second was the role of anthropogenic change affecting human impact and landuse. Papers associated with the catchments and groundwater- first theme began with a solicited talk fromF. Ludwig dependent ecosystems. et al. (Wageningen University) who presented on the This poster session sought to assess utility of multi-model approaches in providing more non-stationarity of hydrological robust quantification of possible future anthropogenic processes in a changing climate and impacts on the global water cycle. Further papers on this incorporation of this understanding theme focused on identifying and quantifying uncertainty into models. This resulted in sources in hydrological predictions of river runoff (M. a multitude of modelling and Meurth et al., Ludwig-Maximilians University; T. experimental approaches being Bosshard et al., ETH Zurich), river flow(J. Freer et presented which were often al., University of Bristol) and mountain soil-moisture contradictory but provided plenty of availability (O. Rössler et al., University of Bern). food for thought. During questions there were intense discussions on the Pertaining to modelling suitability of statistical bias correction of model outputs approaches, S. Pande (Delft to achieve better predictions versus physically based University of Technology) tested methods, and whether both methods were in fact sources the hypothesis that Budyko curve of further uncertainty. functions at biome scale are a Papers presented on the second theme of the session consequence of stable equilibriums of applied a range of techniques to distinguish between the climate-soil-vegetation co-evolution effects of land use and climatological changes on regional using a two-stage multiple-regression hydrological processes. M. Renner & C. Bernhofer process. S. Schymanski et al. (ETH (TU Dresden) compared two analytical frameworks Zurich) considered the problem of (one based on Budyko curve functions and another on being unable to identify a set of based on non-dimensional relationships between water parameters that “produce the right and energy balances) for assessing the results of climate results for the right reasons” and the and land-use changes on streamflow. V. Vanacker et al. situation where improved process (University of Luvain) de-trended time series of rainfall understanding has added new and streamflow data influenced by ENSO-related changes parameters but without improved in order to identify the influence of forest cover changes predictive power. on each data set. Schymanski et al. used optimality B. Galos et al. (Max Planck Institute for Meteorology) theory to predict system properties compared regional variability in the modelled effects without direct observations or of afforestation on mean temperature and precipitation calibration, which allowed more in comparison to projected magnitude of change of the data to be available for model climate signal and its observed magnitude. M. Weiß testing. In contradiction of this and B. van den Hurk (KNMI, De Bilt) presented model proposed modelling strategy, posters results of the effect of global vegetation changes on addressed also the requirement for global climate, with focus on evapo-transpiration and improved process understanding. temperature. C. Ceccherini and N. Gobron I presented an oral paper on the climatic sensitivity (European Commission, DG Joint

CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY 13 Research Centre) presented on seasonal and spatio- implementation of in-field mapping temporal patterns of vegetation dynamics over Europe information and interviews. Both and proposed a new set of vegetation metrics for model scientists shared the same idea use. of incorporating changes in river My poster (co-authored by D.M. Hannah, I.A. morphology into flood modelling Malcolm and J.P. Sadler) compared stream temperature and subsequent FRA. This echoed to and heat flux variability between moorland and forested my interest in investigating impacts reaches to validate over seven calendar years existing of morphological changes to flood conceptual models based on short-term observations (i.e. inundation extent and proved that the less than two years). One poster bridged the gap between consideration of morphodynamics on process based understanding and modelling. flooding is of growing interest among K. Khamis et al. (University of Birmingham) the flood modelling communities. presented a hydro-meteorological study of the energy Another session that I found balance of an alpine, glacierised basin in the French particularly interesting and relevant to Pyrenees over two summer melt seasons. These authors my work was HS4.2: Hydrological assessed the accuracy of measured fluxes and the forecasting: challenges in predictive power of a deterministic equation for water uncertainty estimation, data column temperature which informed suggestions about assimilation, post-processing, real- the most important variables to include in such models. time control and decision-making. I thank the British Hydrological Society for the This session addressed methods for opportunity to attend the EGU, communicate my PhD estimating predictive uncertainty, its research and to attend such high quality and thought reduction through data assimiliation, provoking presentations. improved model formulation and error correction, and its use to support Grace Garner operational decision-making in flood University of Birmingham warning and water management. “A comparison of three uncertainty processors (HUP, BMA and MCP) in V. Jefferson Wong (University of Bristol) the normal space” presented by Ezio presented a paper titled “Sensitivity analysis of hydraulic Todini (University of Bologna, Italy) model to morphological changes and changes in flood and “Comparing simple methods inundation extent” in the session NH1.6/HS4.7: Flood for predictive uncertainty estimation risk and uncertainty. This session focused on reviewing over 1000 French catchments” by state-of-the-art flood risk assessment methodologies Francois Bourgin (Irstea/Cemagref, on different scales and experiences of recent flood Centre d’ Antony, UR HBAN, events, the physical processes during flood events and France) provided a fascinating uncertainties in measurement data and modelling. I found account of various techniques on it very resourceful to hear about the different approaches uncertainty quantification. Their and aspects that other researchers are using to address works were of significant utility to and quantify uncertainties in flood risk assessment. hydrological and hydraulic scientists Alessio Domeneghetti (University of Bologna, Italy) in a modelling context. This was gave an insightful talk about the sources of uncertainty in particularly beneficial to me, as I am inundation mapping, namely, upstream and downstream interested in building up a modelling boundary conditions, and uncertainties in the dike-failure framework to account for sources of location and breach morphology. Clemens Neuhold uncertainties from river morphology. (University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences – Even though not completely related BOKU, Austria) highlighted the benefits of integrating to my current field of research, I additional data sources and processes to standardized also went to a number of talks that Flood Risk Assessment (FRA). These sources and were very interesting and inspiring. processes included the consideration of a broadened Some of these included: a thought- range of scenarios from ‘no damage’ to ‘worst case’, provoking case study of erosion the consideration of morphological river bed variability, and deposition mapping titled the definition and evaluation of failure scenarios and the “Spatial and temporal patterns of bank failure during extreme flood

14 CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY events: Evidence of nonlinearity enabled me to meet a number of new researchers from and self-organized criticality at the across the world that shared the same research interests basin scale?” by Jacqueline Croke as mine. Two of the many posters I found particularly (Griffith University, Australia); interested in were “Development and comparison an interesting presentation of of Bayesian modularization method in uncertainty erosion model comparison named assessment of hydrological models” by Li Lu et al. “Addressing the time-scale gap in (University of Oslo, Norway) and “Monitoring and risk erosion modelling — comparison identification caused by high water, floods and erosion of an event-based and a landscape processes in urban part of Sava Riverbed” by Dijana evolution model” by Jantiene Oskoruš et al. (Meteorological and Hydrological Service Baartman (Wageningen University, of Republic Croatia (Hydrology Division), Croatia). The Netherlands); and “Do not Overall, the conference was an interesting occasion only connect” by Mike Kirby of incalculable value to be exposed to the latest research (University of Leeds, UK) who gave in my field, provoking in me different inspiration and a compelling talk on the concept understanding of the current context of my research. of overland flow connectivity. Often research published in journals is delayed by months These talks not only enriched my or years, and it is exactly the meaning of participating in knowledge of fluvial morphology but conferences which can provide an early route to get in also put forward many new ideas I touch with state-of-the-art research. Therefore, I would could go away with. like to express my gratitude to BHS for providing me The EGU also offered a great with the financial support that enabled me to attend and opportunity for networking, participate in such a diverse and engaging conference and especially during the poster sessions for the opportunity to write about my experiences. as these allowed proper time for discussion with the poster authors and Jefferson Wong exchange of ideas. Also, the sessions University of Bristol

CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY 15 Society of Freshwater Science Annual Meeting Louisville, Kentucky, USA 20-24 May 2012

The 60th annual meeting of the Society of of groundwater and ‘Mountaintop Freshwater Science (SFS) was the society’s first Mining’, which involves the removal with a new name, the organisation having previously of mountaintops to expose coal been the North American Benthological Society seams, releasing many pollutants into (NABS). In his opening address, President Joe sensitive headwater streams. Holomuzki explained how this change, as well Richard Kingsford (University as the reincarnation of the society’s journal as of New South Wales) had a rather Freshwater Science, reflected the organisation’s different perspective on working with increasingly wide-reaching and international non-scientists, stemming from his research interests. experience of trying to restore the ecological integrity of over-abstracted The theme of the meeting was Freshwater Stewardship: rivers in the Murray-Darling basin, Challenges and Solutions. From the opening session, Australia. He noted the challenge a key element implicit within this theme was the need of balancing ecological aims with for research-active members to pursue opportunities economic activities, and highlighted to use the new knowledge they generate to benefit the importance of communicating real-world ecosystems impacted by human activity. the results of research not only Joe Holomuzki emphasized that the greatest benefits in scientific journals, but also in for freshwater ecosystems will come when ecological mainstream media. researchers engage with those in other disciplines, for Seven concurrent sessions were example climatologists, as well as with non-scientists held each day, with a diversity of including politicians and regulators. The environmental topics covered, including Hydro- improvements that can be achieved through such ecology, Large River Ecology interactions were brought home by Jerry Jacobi, winner and Stream Fragmentation. Two of the 2012 Environmental Stewardship Award. Society sessions related to climate change, members were pleased to learn that after several years including Predicting Sensitivities of lobbying, Jerry’s aim of restoring flow to the Santa to Climate Change from Species Fe River in New Mexico has met with success and Traits. Highlights of this session legislation has been enacted to prevent the river from included Wendy Monk (Canadian being regulated dry. Rivers Institute), whose research uses The theme of looking beyond our own scientific large-scale, long-term datasets to research to consider the social, political and economic investigate how analysis of species landscape in which our work sits was again emphasized traits (such as swimming ability and in the Plenary Sessions. David Hart (University of occurrence in the drift) and taxon Maine) explained how he has attempted to reconcile the occurrence can be used to improve concerns of a diverse range of stakeholders to address understanding of linkages between environmental problems through Maine’s forward- climatic variability and hydrological thinking Sustainability Solutions Initiative. hypotheses. Stan Gregory (Oregon Ellen Gilinsky (U.S. Environmental Protection State University, USA) reported Agency), speaking in the same Plenary Session, research from the Willamette River, described how some major environmental problems which is inhabited by 35 native and currently faced by U.S. freshwaters are being addressed 31 non-native fish species, the latter by collaborations between scientists and regulators. group including several species that The problems highlighted included nutrient pollution tolerate warm water. Stan highlighted

16 CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY the importance of hyporheic the recent drying of drought-impacted ‘perennial’ streams exchange flows in providing cool in the south of England. Highlights of this session water refuges for native fish. included Thibault Datry, whose analytical research has Later, Mark Ledger (University recognised that in many countries around the world, of Birmingham) addressed a topical similar patterns of declining invertebrate diversity are issue in the UK, and in many observed as flow intermittence increases. countries around the world: drought. Considering how we might monitor the health of such Mark’s research group have used the intermittent systems, Cath Leigh (Australian Rivers Freshwater Biological Association’s Institute) proposed considering the fauna within the River Laboratory in Dorset to subsurface sediments of the hyporheic zone as useful investigate the effects of drought, biomonitors. My paper also considered the importance and in particular flow intermittency, of the hyporheic zone, as well as groundwater springs, on invertebrate food webs in stream as refuges that promote invertebrate persistence during mesocosms. A key result from this drought in perennial streams. research was the occurrence of In conclusion, the Society of Freshwater Science’s simplified food webs that included new name effectively represents the international less rare taxa in drought-impacted nature of this organisation. The conference provided an mesocosms. excellent opportunity for global researchers, in particular Later in the week, Dave those from North America, Europe, Australia and New Arscott (Stroud Water Research Zealand, to exchange ideas and form new partnerships. A Centre), Thibault Datry (Irstea, feeling of genuine excitement was generated by many of France) and colleagues chaired the presentations and researchers used the meeting as a the session ‘Research Advances chance to develop new collaborations which we hope will and Conservation Challenges in last for many years. Temporary River Systems’. This was another session with considerable Rachel Stubbington relevance to UK rivers, considering Nottingham Trent University

32nd International School of Hydraulics Lochow Palace, Poland 28 May – 1 June 2012

I spent a week in Poland at the end of May Rowinski. The organisation 2012 attending the 32nd International School of was faultless and it is worth Hydraulics (ISoH) in Lochow: I also visited the recording thanks to Pawel and Institute of Geophysics (IGF), Polish Academy his organising committee (Anna of Sciences, in Warsaw. This year’s ISoH was Lukanowska, Anna Zdunek, the 5th international version of the School. For Monika Kalinowska & Magdalena 25 years until 2005 it had been a purely internal Mrokowska). Polish event, but from 2006 onwards it has more or less alternated annually between the international The conference venue was the and internal versions. The aim of the international Lochow (pronounced warhoof) version is to bring together about 50 researchers Palace – see group photo on next from around the world to present and discuss page –which is located east of work on hydraulics (including hydrology and water Warsaw. On the morning of Monday resources). As with the previous four international May 28th delegates either found versions, this year’s School (http://sh.igf.edu. their own way there or caught the pl/) was organised by staff of the IGF under the conference coach from a meeting chairmanship of the institute’s director, Prof Pawel point in central Warsaw. Due to a

CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY 17 tunnel collapse on the metro extension works near the by Springer as Experimental meeting point, the expected 60 minutes journey took and Computational Solutions of closer to 90 minutes. Nevertheless delegates arrived with Hydraulic Problems, in November enough time for registration and lunch before the opening 2012 (ISBN 978-3-642-30208-4). of the conference. The Lochow Palace has been recently Pawel Rowinski opened the renovated from a rather ruinous state and now provides conference by welcoming everyone excellent conference facilities on a self-contained site. and explaining a little of the history Delegates were housed in several buildings offering good of the event. He then presented the quality, en-suite accommodation. Breakfast, lunch and first Lecture which was devoted dinner were provided in a spacious dining room: the food to the career of Prof Wlodzimierz was excellent throughout. Czernuszenko (IGF, Poland), one There was a truly international flavour to the of the elder statesmen of Polish conference with delegates from several European hydraulics and, as argued in the countries, Mexico, USA, India, Russia and Egypt. presentation, one of the founders The UK delegates included Donald Knight, Vladimir of eco-hydraulics. The talk also Nikora, Ian Guymer, James Hart, Virginia Stovin, Fred commented on the influence of the Sonnenwald and myself. A few of the Polish delegates political changes experienced by would be known to members of the Society, in particular Prof Czernuszenko since his birth Jaroslaw Napiorkowski and Renata Romanowicz, in the late 1930s, e.g. the German from their contributions to Irish and UK hydrology. and Russian occupation of Poland in The papers were of two types: hour long ‘lectures’ 1939, the Warsaw Uprising of 1944, from invited speakers and 20 minute ‘presentations’ of the post-war Soviet domination, submitted articles. All papers were reviewed by members the rise of Solidarity, the martial of the conference’s Scientific Committee (comprising law years of the 1980s, the 1989 about a dozen European experts) before the event, with revolution and finally complete feedback being provided so that finalised manuscripts independence. The celebration of could be submitted within one week of the end of fifty years of work on fundamental the conference. The proceedings will be published hydraulic issues such as turbulence,

18 CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY mass transport and particle transport, which evolved from the pioneering Shiono-Knight together with leadership in the Model of the early 1990s for evaluating transverse integration of knowledge between velocity profiles in rivers. As well as enabling much the two sides of the iron curtain since improved frictional resistance, bank-full capacity and 1989 was richly deserved. In a brief stage-discharge estimations, Society members may be discussion some personal tributes unaware that this work also has important implications were offered by Vladimir Nikora, for estimating dispersion coefficients in rivers. Donald Knight, Andrea Marion and The next paper was presented by Ahmed Sattar (Cairo Wojciech Majewski. The other two University, Egypt) on experimental investigations of papers in the session covered some flood levee breaches: it also considered the design of of Prof Czernuszenko’s latest work sand bags for effective breach closure. The final paper and were presented by his co-workers was delivered by Iwona Markiewicz (IGF, Poland) on Alexey Rylov (Trianon Co., Russia) flood frequency analysis. Having commented on the on velocity distributions in 3D rough lead role of statistics rather than hydrology in this topic, turbulent flow and Robert Bialik she pointed out that practising hydrologists are mostly (IGF, Poland) on 2D Lagrangian interested in having unique flow rate estimates and show modelling of saltating sediment little interest in the accompanying uncertainty estimates grains. that the statistical analyses provide. Perhaps a different The next session opened with approach is called for? two papers on mixing: the first was The next session concerned sediment transport presented by myself on dispersion issues. Firstly Andrea Marion (Padua University, and transient storage modelling in Italy) delivered a lecture on a new framework for rivers; the second was presented by describing incipient sediment motion. The novelty of the James Hart (Warwick University, work described lay in using a probabilistic framework UK) on dispersion in pipe flow. The first proposed by Grass supplemented with detailed session finished with a case study experimental flume measurements and discrete particle paper by another elder statesman modelling. As a result, the work provided detailed insight of Polish hydraulics and hydrology, into the stochastic nature of the processes at work: Wojciech Majewski (Institute of the stochastic equations of incipient motion were also Meteorology and Water Management, derived. Poland), who described many This was followed by a presentation concerning the aspects of the Wloclawek hydraulic modelling of fluid velocity over bed-forms fromMikolaj project. As part of a 40-year old plan Karpinski (IGF, Poland). In contrast to previous work to exploit the lower Vistula river on this topic, which has been based on Large Eddy for hydro-energy and navigation Simulations or numerical solutions of the Reynolds- purposes, the Wloclawek project averaged-Navier Stokes equations, a method using is now very controversial due to a Lattice Boltzman Cellular Automaton Model was ecological and sustainability issues. described. The results were in good agreement with field The day ended with an Ice Breaking measurements over sand dunes. Party consisting of a barbecue, beer The final paper was presented byPeter Geisenhainer and mosquitoes. (Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany) on a I chaired the first session of the physical scale model study of propeller induced scour. second day, which contained three The experimental results confirmed previous work that papers on flooding issues. Firstly, indicated the importance of propeller characteristics, Donald Knight delivered the rudder alignment and sediment characteristics in Keynote Lecture which emphasised determining scour development and scour geometry. It the continuing need for integrating was also found that a Kaplan propeller in a Kort nozzle mathematical modelling with and double rudder created larger scour depths than a experimental work (in the field and Wageningen B-series propeller with a central single the laboratory) so that predictions rudder. from increasingly more sophisticated Following lunch, three papers on rather different software can be authenticated. He hydraulic issues were presented. Firstly, Subhasish illustrated this theme with reference Dey (Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur) gave to the Conveyance Estimation System a lecture on the hydrodynamics of undular free surface Image courtesy: ISoH organising committee. Image courtesy: ISoH organising

CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY 19 flows. This described a theoretical analysis of three and bad practice in paper writing. situations: a hydraulic jump on a plane smooth boundary; After dinner, those who were flow over a single hemi-cylindrical bed form; and flow interested took part in a ceramics over a sinusoidal channel bed. The next paper concerned workshop, creating several interesting the physical modelling of a flow diversion structure being objects. Other delegates amused designed to protect Villahermosa City from flooding from themselves, some showing particular the Sierra river, and was presented by Fabian Rivera- initiative when it was discovered that Trejo (Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, the bar wouldn’t be opening! Mexico). The third day started with a lecture The third paper was presented by Oscar Herrera from Vladimir Nikora (Aberdeen Granados (Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland) University, UK) concerning the role and concerned an experimental study of the effect of of hydrodynamics in improving the seepage on turbulence in open channel flows. Although management of aquatic ecosystems. the seepage flows were less than 0.03% of the channel The presentation distilled various flow, observable effects on the instantaneous and time- ideas emanating from discussions averaged channel flow parameters were found. with several colleagues over a In the next session, three papers on flow and pollution number of years. A key issue was modelling were presented. Firstly, Fred Sonnenwald “how do ecosystems affect flow over (Sheffield University, UK) described a study aimed at multiple scales and vice versa?” identifying a suitable correlation measure for assessing a He presented an inspirational maximum entropy deconvolution method for analysing view of how we might investigate solute transport data. Twelve very different correlation such matters, and emphasised the measures were studied. Three non-dimensional importance of working in multi- measures were found to be the most suitable for both disciplinary teams (e.g. a coalescence model identification and model evaluation. Secondly, of ecologists, hydrologists, Monika Galek (Cracow University of Technology, geomorphologists and hydraulicians) Poland) presented a two-dimensional depth averaged right from the very earliest stages of modelling study of the Dobczyce retention reservoir. The research project formulation. models RMA2 and RMA4 were used to simulate flow The eco-hydraulics theme and pollutant transport. Thirdly, Magdalena Trzewik continued in the next paper which (Cracow University of Technology, Poland) presented discussed the interaction between a two-dimensional depth averaged modelling study of changes in flow regimes and changes the Porabka retention reservoir. The model FESWMS in ecosystems. Presented by Andrzej was used to simulate how the operation of a pumped- Struzynski (University of Agriculture storage hydroelectric plant influences flow patterns in the in Cracow, Poland), the paper argued reservoir. that following anthropogenic changes In the day’s final session one more paper was presented to river systems there could be and an information seminar was held. The paper difficulty in identifying appropriate concerned the exploitation of ground water for Mexico reference conditions for assessing City’s water supply and was presented by Gerado Ruiz the ecological status of rivers under (National Automonous University of Mexico). The paper the Water Framework Directive. Bed described an information system of well water levels stability was identified as a possible aimed at improving the understanding of the behaviour hydromorphological parameter of the local aquifer supplying the Metropolitan area of that could be of use in this regard, Mexico City. The information seminar was presented and some early results from three by Vladimir Nikora (Aberdeen University, UK) in his Carpathian rivers were discussed. capacity as editor of the Journal of Hydraulic Research The next paper was presented (http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/tjhr). Vladimir reviewed by Magdalena Mrokowska (IGF, the scope of the journal, explained the current editorial Poland) and concerned the role of policy and described the events that would ensue uncertainty in the measurement of following submission of a paper. He was particularly river hydraulics. Noting that most keen to encourage early career researchers not only to such measurements are not repeatable submit papers but also to act as reviewers, noting that (due to continual changes of reviewing papers is a good way of learning about good conditions on a range of timescales)

20 CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY many of the standard statistical approaches can’t be implemented. Simpler approaches based on, e.g. the maximum deterministic uncertainty concept, were suggested. The early stages of the application of these ideas to the indirect measurement of friction velocity during river floods were discussed. Opening the next session, Roberto Gaudio (Universita della Calabria, Italy) gave a lecture on the non-universality of von Karman’s constant. The speaker presented a historical review of the classical committee. Image courtesy: ISoH organising work on turbulent flow over solid Prof Czernuszenko (rear) and Prof Knight boundaries. He went on to argue that although the universal logarithmic After lunch Artur Radecki-Pawlik (University of velocity profile law containing a Agriculture in Cracow, Poland) gave a lecture on the value of 0.41 for von Karman’s use of rapid hydraulic structures in mountain streams. constant is widely accepted, there is He explained the debate amongst various professionals much evidence that smaller values on the application of hydraulic structures designed to (often as low as 0.3 and in certain provide flood protection and to prevent sediment erosion circumstances even lower) are whilst preserving river beds in their natural state. Field appropriate for some fluvial flows. studies on existing artificial rapid hydraulic structures In particular, such conditions are were described aimed at improving their design and found for streams with low relative construction, and ameliorating their impact on fish and submergence of roughness elements macroinvertebrates. or in sediment laden (bed load and/or The presenter of the next paper was absent, but Ian suspended load) flows. Guymer (Warwick University, UK) volunteered a The second presentation of the presentation on vertical variations in hyporheic exchange session was given by Andrzej rates in open channel flows. The third paper in the session Aniszewski (West Pomeranian was delivered by Pawel Hachaj (Cracow University University of Technology, Poland) of Technology, Poland) and described a ‘river memory’ on 2D mathematical modelling effect. He described observations from man-made of reactive contaminant transport lakes and reservoirs that suggest that flow patterns may in groundwater. The aim of the somehow be influenced by a memory of the old river bed study was to evaluate the relative in the bathymetry of the water body. Bearing in mind that importance of several physical, the flow velocities concerned are very small, a theoretical chemical and biological processes treatment involving the replacement of the Newtonian for a case study site. The final linear turbulent viscosity model with a more sophisticated presentation of the session concerned modified form of the Stribeck viscosity formula the impact of mineral composition (appropriate for friction between lubricated surfaces) was on the erosion resistance of cohesive proposed. The presentation was very entertaining and sediments: the paper was presented delegates were unsure as to how serious the speaker was by Ahmed Sattar (Cairo University, (in conclusion he noted that his simulations suggested Egypt). Following the laboratory that his case study reservoir had rather a bad memory!): analysis of 48 soil samples from could the phenomenon actually be true or were we having various Egyptian locations, Gene our leg pulled? Expression Programming techniques The next session began with a paper from Jerzy were used to identify the non-linear Machajski (Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland) relationship between the critical shear who described a numerical modelling study of a side- stress for erosion and the clay mineral channel spillway on the Pilchowice storage reservoir. content of the samples. Various options for the replacement of the existing

CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY 21 structure were analysed to ensure an improved hydraulic He also reminded everyone of the performance in the light of enhanced reservoir safety. conference dinner taking place that The next paper was presented by Apoloniusz Kodura evening and of arrangements for the (Warsaw University of Technology, Poland) on using study/sightseeing tour and alternative cavitation to treat ship ballast water. He explained that options for the return to Warsaw on treating ballast water before releasing it to the sea has the following day. I should also report become a major issue because its release is a possible that throughout the conference there mechanism for ecological pollution, i.e. the transfer was a brief period of discussion of of species of micro-organisms to water bodies where each paper after each presentation, they do not naturally occur.Following proof-of-concept and that Vladimir Nikora and Andrea laboratory tests, experiments in the field were showing Marion, in particular, made several that creating cavitation in the ballast water could valuable contributions in this regard. eliminate up to 80% of the micro-organisms. Society members will find all the The presenter of the next paper was absent, but presentations on the conference Virginia Stovin (Sheffield University, UK) was on hand website (http://sh.igf.edu.pl/). to present some work on CFD simulations on mixing in, In the morning delegates left and on pollutant residence time distributions in, urban Lochow after breakfast. Most joined drainage system manholes. the study/sightseeing tour which There were two presentations in the final session of comprised an hour or so drive back the conference. Firstly, Mateusz Strutynski (Agriculture to Warsaw, a 2-hour boat trip along University in Cracow, Poland) talked about the influence the Vistula River in central Warsaw, of large roughness elements on morphological changes in lunch and an hour or so guided walk mountain river beds. He described field studies on three around Warsaw’s re-constructed rivers in the Carpathian mountains, which were aimed at historic centre. During the boat trip establishing the influence of local hydraulic processes on the tour guide described various the habitats of fish species. Secondly, Pawel Zawadzki relevant features of the river front (Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland) discussed such as flood protection measures, the performance of a series of new flow strainers for water supply intakes, wetlands, pipes. The new design, incorporating an increased entrances to port facilities, features screening surface of the filters as well as an improved of several bridges connecting the shape of the filter bodies, has resulted in a significant western and eastern parts of the city, increase in the flow coefficient compared to existing etc. With some delegates needing products. to catch trains and planes (if not Finally, the conference chairman drew the formal automobiles) a smaller group went proceedings to a close by thanking the organising on the guided walk after lunch. The committee and the delegates for all their hard work. coach (complete with delegates’ luggage) that had brought us back from Lochow was conveniently parked near the end of the walk and offered a final drop-off at the central railway station/bus stop for the airport. In summary, I enjoyed the conference very much and would recommend Society members to consider attending the next ISoH in 2014. The event succeeds in providing an informal but scientifically robust atmosphere, which is ideal for PhD students and early-career researchers, in particular, to present their work. I am confident Image courtesy: ISoH organising committee. Image courtesy: ISoH organising that the organisation of the next The reporter (right) and Russell Manson enjoying the dinner School will maintain the admiral

22 CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY standards achieved during this and researchers/PhD students to discuss other joint interests. previous events. I can wholeheartedly recommend IGF as a partner for I spent most of the following day international collaboration: my collaboration with Pawel (Friday June 1st) at the IGF, which Rowinski, Jaroslaw Napiorkowski, Renata Romanowicz is easily found by tram or bus from and others since 2004 has been a most valuable and the city centre. For the morning we rewarding experience. had organised a planning meeting I spent Saturday in Warsaw, including a visit to the for some (more) joint work on solute Museum of the Warsaw Uprising (which I strongly transport modelling in rivers between recommend, although several visits would be required to IGF staff (Jaroslaw Napiorkowski, take it all in). I returned to Edinburgh the following day. Renata Romanowicz, Marzena In conclusion I would like to thank the Society for its Osuch) myself and my long-term financial support. I am confident that the time spent in collaborator, Russell Manson Poland will lead to further collaboration with our Polish (Stockton College of New Jersey). colleagues in the coming years. Following lunch at IGF I had further Steve Wallis discussions with several of the staff/ Heriot-Watt University Editorial MSc Studentship BHS 2012 at Dundee — a Competition most enjoyable meeting but The academic year just closing was the first sadly, rather a lot of gaps in without any NERC Studentships available for the usual attendance. MSc courses and also the first in which we ran the BHS-JBAT MSc studentship award scheme. What did I learn? The three recipients, Sharla McGavrock, Susan Mickey and Jade Ward have all submitted  That despite more and interim reports and we are delighted that they more field and theoretical are so pleased with their progress: studies, the natural variability in hydrological “My enthusiasm for hydrology has grown drivers outweigh any throughout the year...... ” ‘improvements/mitigations’ identified. “It has definitely been a privilege to learn from and have lively discussions with staff members whose  That a lot of current work papers I had read...... ” appears to be going over the same ground as many “The course has equipped me with all the essential skills and knowledge that I need to start my earlier workers. The good career.....” thing is that the resuslts appear to yield the same We are running the scheme again this year answers. — prospective recipients please note that the deadline* for submissions is nearly upon us I was intrigued at the — so it was salutary to read a comment that surprise shown by some the effect of withdrawal of NERC funding has that hydrology is so already been noticed, with one of this year’s complex since for many courses only having half the students it had last of us that is exactly what year. hooked us in the first place! *20th August 2012 – see http://hydrology.org.uk/ Celia Kirby news.asp

CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY 23 UK Hydrological Bulletin: May – July 2012 2012 thus far has been remarkable in hydrological Flows declined through the latter terms – the scale of the transformation from severe half of the month but the previous early spring drought conditions to widespread and maximum May outflow for England sustained flooding through June and much of July is & Wales was still comfortably without modern parallel across much of the country. exceeded. As a consequence of the abundant Following two successive dry winters and the UK’s late-spring runoff, and contrary lowest March rainfall since 1953, river flows and to the normal seasonal trend, groundwater levels were exceptionally depressed over reservoir stocks began a sustained wide areas. There was considerable concern both for recovery (Figure 2). In addition, the water resources outlook and the drought’s impact the very unusual extension of the on agriculture and wildlife. Subsequently, with the Jet recharge season well beyond the Stream now following a persistently southerly track, the spring triggered a late recovery in wettest April on record initiated a dramatic hydrological groundwater resources — from an transformation which, at a critical time in the drought’s exceptionally low base in many areas. development, decisively reversed the normal seasonal However, local differences in rainfall decline in runoff and recharge rates. amounts, the depth to the depressed Outflows from England &Wales for late April and water-tables, and particularly, the early May were the highest in the 62-yr national series storage characteristics of individual (Figure 1) and flood warnings were very common, aquifer units made for markedly particularly for the late spring. May was cool and cloudy different timing in the onset and rate with monthly rainfall totals generally in the normal range of recovery. Notable May increases in but, with modest evaporative demands and saturated soil groundwater levels were recorded for conditions, the rainfall was unusually hydrologically the South Downs, with rises of more effective. Exceptional runoff rates during the first than 10 m recorded, for example, at fortnight helped replenish parched wetlands and extend Compton (West Sussex). However, the drainage network into the previously dry headwater more muted responses typified most reaches of many rivers, but they also presented further of the less-fissured Chalk outcrop problems for wildlife (e.g. the inundation of nesting areas and very low levels continued to in the Ouse Washes and Fairburn Ings near Castleford). typify some index boreholes in the

Fig 1 2012 daily outflows from England & Wales with daily max., min., and mean (based on the 1961–2011. record)

24 CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY North Downs, Dorset and parts of the Chilterns. A continuing sequence of vigorous Atlantic frontal systems ensured that weather conditions during June, and continuing into July, were aggressively autumnal. The Western Isles were an important exception: with rain-bearing low pressure systems diverted to the south, the notable spring rainfall Fig 2 Estimated overall reservoir stocks for England deficiencies increased further and, & Wales with monthly max., min., and mean (based with loch levels depressed, whisky on the 1988–2011 record) production was interrupted (e.g. on Islay and Skye). Elsewhere, many level recoveries gathered momentum. However, the new maximum June rainfall totals varying responsiveness of individual aquifer units meant were reported — in part reflecting the that whilst new maximum June levels were reported frequency of exceptional storm totals in parts of the southern Chalk (and the Carboniferous over a wide range of durations. A Limestone in Derbyshire), levels in the Permo-Triassic reported 48-hour total of 186 mm near sandstones at Heathlanes (Midlands) continued to track Aberystwyth on the 8/9th resulted marginally below previous minima — in a 40-year series. in the River Rheidol exceeding its Exceptional rainfall and runoff rates continued into previous maximum level by a wide July, impacting severely on transport, agriculture and margin; flows in the neighbouring leisure pursuits. Convective activity produced some Ystwyth closely approached the damaging hailstorms and a number of exceptional maximum in a series from 1963. rainfall totals. In Ayrshire, on the 5th, a 90 mm total was With the flooding accentuated by recorded in three hours (including a 20.6 mm deluge in 15 high tide levels, approximately 1000 minutes). Low pressure continued to dominate synoptic people were evacuated. Floodplain patterns and provisional data indicate that by mid-month, inundations were both widespread the previous maximum UK rainfall for April–July had and frequent, necessitating the been clearly eclipsed. Accordingly, levels in most movement of livestock to higher reservoirs had risen close to capacity and overall stocks ground. Flash flooding was for England & Wales were at a level seldom reached particularly common during the third even during wet winters. The remaining hosepipe bans in and fourth weeks and impacted most southern England were lifted on the 9th. severely across northern England. On Aquifer re-charge, normally very meagre in mid- the 28th, both the east and west coast summer, was substantial and the impact of locally intense rail links to Scotland were closed rainfall contributed to an increased risk of groundwater due to landslides; a number of cliff flooding in some areas (e.g. in Dorset), serving as a slippages (e.g. in Dorset) were also warning of a possibly more widespread threat later in the reported. year. By contrast, groundwater levels remain relatively Rivers registering new maximum depressed in a few slow-responding aquifers (in the June runoff totals showed a very wide Chilterns particularly where flows in spring-fed streams distribution from the Clyde to the also remain below average). The full impact of the recent Exe and the Bush (Northern Ireland) recharge will not be evident until the water currently in to the Great Ouse. Unsurprisingly, the unsaturated zone reaches the water tables. estimated June outflows from Great The remarkable temporal contrast in synoptic patterns Britain exceeded the previous June during 2012 is reflected in the comparison between maximum by a wide margin. Across the Jan–Mar and Apr–Jun rainfall totals for England. much of the major aquifers June The ratio (1:2.6) has not been approached in the NCIC1 rainfall totals were around twice series from 1910, and is probably unmatched in the last the 1971–2000 average and with 230 years at least. The hydrological contrast is equally remarkably low soil moisture deficits for the time of year, groundwater 1National Climate Information Centre, Met Office

CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY 25 compelling, and is exemplified by the Thames where flows have been measured since 1883. Higher June runoff totals following a protracted drought episode were recorded in 1903 but, in 2012, the ratio between the April–June runoff and that for January–March was the highest in the 138-year record (Figure 3). Hydrological droughts very rarely terminate in the summer but the unprecedented late spring and early summer rainfall has dramatically Fig 3 River Thames at Kingston: ratio of Apr–June to Jan–Mar transformed the water resources runoff (based on naturalised flows) outlook.

For more details please visit Terry Marsh Centre for Ecology & Hydrology 25/07/2012 National Hydrological Monitoring Programme: http://www.ceh.ac.uk/data/nrfa/nhmp/nhmp.html

Book Review For example, I found out about next generation hydrological models based on representative elementary Rainfall–Runoff Modelling watershed (REW) concepts and The Primer (2nd edit.) the closure problem of estimating by Keith Beven boundary fluxes (of mass, energy and published by John Wiley & Sons, 2012. 488 pp momentum), which are nonlinearly ISBN 978-0-470-71459-1 - £45.00 related to storage. The author states that these new concepts do not outperform traditional rainfall- This book is an advanced introduction to rainfall-runoff runoff models because the level of modelling suitable for post graduate students and performance that is achievable is researchers. The author has reviewed many rainfall- limited by the uncertainties in the runoff models and provided a good set of references if observations against which they the reader needs to explore a topic in more depth. Of are being calibrated, i.e. there is a particular interest to students will be the list of rainfall- difficulty in making measurements runoff modelling software that can be downloaded from of subsurface flows. The other reason the internet. given is that the types of closure One of the aims of this book is to train the reader scheme that are being used might to evaluate models, not only in terms of how well the still be improved due to lack of model can reproduce the test data, but also by critically knowledge in describing processes, assessing the assumptions made. The author states that i.e. epistemic uncertainty. the ultimate aim of prediction using models must be to Discussion about the theoretical improve decision-making about an applied hydrological development of the models and problem rather than just focusing on research as a means associated equations are largely of formalising knowledge about complex hydrological restricted in appendices at the end systems. As a hydrological practitioner, I found the book of each chapter. A nice feature more interesting than useful. of the book is that summaries of

26 CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY the key points from each chapter based approach which takes account of the numbers of are presented and the reader is properties at risk of flooding, for example. If the ‘models encouraged to read the summary of everywhere’ concept is assumed to be the same as a prior to reading the chapter. From ‘preliminary’ model, then it can be used to guide future my perspective, I would have found field data collection in order to better constrain model it helpful if the summaries had been uncertainty in the future. The cost of different observation included at the start of the chapter strategies can also be assessed, and the cost-benefit and for the chapters to have been evaluated prior to actually making the measurements. written in a larger text font. Too often, rainfall-runoff modelling project briefs are to The practical problem of the poor quickly develop a model with the available hydrometric performance of extrapolated rainfall- data only to find that the required data, (e.g. artificial runoff models is not discussed influences, spot flow gaugings, etc), are not available to adequately. This is an important issue adequately constrain the model uncertainty. as operational rainfall-runoff models It is interesting to note that at the end of the book, are often calibrated on low impact the author states that “the limitations of observation flood events and then expected to techniques for subsurface flow pathways and processes, perform well in high impact flood in particular, are likely to constrain how well we can events. Errors in catchment rainfall predict rainfall-runoff processes.” This is worth reflecting are a key source of uncertainty on as practitioners like myself would have assumed that in rainfall-runoff model results; other sources of error such as the flood stage-discharge this subject was not developed in rating or catchment rainfall are more important. sufficient depth in my opinion and is of practical interest. Should radar Oliver Pollard rainfall be used instead of raingauge Advisor (Flood Forecasting) derived rainfall? Should a merged Environment Agency, South West Region radar/raingauge rainfall dataset be used? There was not enough discussion on the importance of error correction in managing uncertainty in operational rainfall-runoff model results in my opinion – should the error correction model be pre- configured on historic flood events or allowed to be optimised on the rising “...... it’s odd that since limb of the hydrograph where there is BHS first featured these very little information content? Beven has a bold vision of the Hydrological Bulletins the UK development of detailed distributed climate seems to have nudged rainfall-runoff models, so-called ‘models of everywhere’; he argues itself to the extreme limits of that it will change the nature of the capriciousness!” modelling process, from one in which general model structures are used in particular catchment applications said Terry Marsh to the Editor to one in which modelling becomes a learning process about places. In particular, if a model is wrong about its prediction about a place, then this will be an important driver to do better. In practice, there is a balancing act between prioritising the development of rainfall-runoff models based on a performance led approach or a risk

CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY 27 Publications news

New titles from IAHS

Revisiting Experimental Catchment Studies in ICE Bookshop is Forest Hydrology having a summer Edited by Ashley A. Webb, Mike Bonell, Leon Bren, Patrick N. J. Lane, Don McGuire, Daniel G. Neary, Jami Sale Nettles, David F. Scott, John D. Stednick & Yanhui Wang Collects 22 contributions generated from a workshop - up to 70% off hundreds of that gathered forest hydrologists from around the world, books across the Bookshop, with the aim of revisiting experimental catchment results until 31 Aug. and promoting a renewal of international collaboration on revisiting experimental catchment studies in forest Buy on line if you are an ICE hydrology. IAHS Publ. 353 (2012) ISBN 978-1-907161- Member or visit the shop in 31-5, 240 + viii pp. Price £56.00 Great George Street.

Isotope Hydrology Selection, Introduction and Commentary by P. K. Aggarwal, K. O. Fröhlich, J. R. Gat & R. Gonfiantini The book is the eighth in the IAHS Benchmark Papers in Hydrology series. Isotope hydrology includes papers on: A. Fundamentals, B. Atmospheric Water Cycle, C. Palaeoclimates, D. River and Lake Hydrology, and E. Groundwater. The editors provide the context in his BHS 2012 commentaries. IAHS BM8 ISBN 978-1-907161-29-2 Proceedings (2012) A4 format, hardback, Price £70.00 The full papers are to Changes in Flood Risk in Europe be published in the BHS Edited by Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz conference proceedings Floods are the most prevalent natural hazard in Europe. series as British This interdisciplinary book, authored by an international Hydrological Society’s team, addresses the following questions: has flood risk Eleventh National increased in the continent? How, where, and why? symposium ‘Hydrology for Are climate change impacts apparent? How do socio- a changing World’ ISBN: 1 economic trends and associated land-use change impact 903741 18 1. Because we are flood risk? in the throes of uploading IAHS Special Publication 10 (April 2012) ISBN ISBN a new version of the BHS 978-1-907161-28-5 (Paperback); 516 + xvi pp, Price web site, please be patient £85.00 at the delay in getting the papers on line. This fact is SPECIAL OFFER also affecting the listing of If your order exceeds £40 (after discounts have been papers on the CrossRef site applied) you will receive a FREE COPY of: for DOI allocation. My apologies for this HYDROLOGY: A question of balance delay: I will be in touch with by J. V. Sutcliffe authors as soon as possible IAHS Special Publication 7, ISBN 978-1-901502-77-0, with full citation details.

Order online or send orders and enquiries to: Celia Kirby Jill Gash [email protected]

28 CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY PHOTOGRAPHY COMPETITION 2012

As members will be aware, we are currently revamping the BHS website. Alongside this we are running a photography competition to help gather images for our new dynamic site. The competition is open to all members, who may submit up to two photographs on the topic of Hydrology in the UK. In submitting photographs to the competition you are agreeing for them to be included on our website and other publicity media; the winning entries will also be printed in Circulation. Entries should be emailed to [email protected]. uk by 31st August. The winner will be announced at the AGM in September.

First Prize: £200 Second Prize: £100 Third Prize: £50

The Rules:

1. Photographs must be original work. 2. Entrants must be the sole owner of copyright in all photographs entered and must have obtained permission of any person featured as necessary. Entrants must not have breached any laws when taking their photographs. 3. Entrants can submit up to two photos electronically in colour or black and white and no entrant can win more than one prize. 4. Each entry should be marked with the photographer’s name, address, email address and telephone number. 5. Entrants should include the time and date the photo was taken plus a short description of the photograph in no more than 50 words. 6. Entrants will retain copyright in the photographs that they submit to the BHS. By entering the competition all entrants grant to the BHS the right to publish and exhibit their photographs on the BHS website and in print in the BHS newsletter or any other media. No fees will be payable for any of the above uses. 7. The BHS reserves the right to cancel this competition or alter any of the rules at any stage, if deemed necessary in its opinion, and if circumstances arise outside of its control. 8. Deadline for submission is 31st August 2012.

CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY 29 Hydrology Research: an International Journal

BHS2010 Special Issue An online preview of the October issue of HR (43/5), Guest Edited by Claire Walsh, Hayley Fowler, Chris Kilsby and Andrew Black, comprises the following extended versions of some of the papers presented at the international BHS2010 Symposium held in Newcastle Role of Hydrology in Managing Consequences of a Changing Global Environment. Subscribers to the journal can download these published HR papers now from http://www. iwaponline.com/nh/043/5/default.htm (or contact the authors directly). In October subscribers will be able to download the BHS2010 SI papers from the HR website in the usual way under ‘Current Issue’.

Guest Editorial: Role of hydrology in managing Frequency analysis of extreme rainfall in consequences of a changing global environment Cumbria, 16–20 November 2009 Walsh, C., Fowler, H., Kilsby, C. and Black, A. Stewart, E.J., Morris, D.G., Jones, D.A. and Gibson, H.S. Modelling and reconstruction of the River Kennet palaeohydrology and hydrogeology: Setting design inflows to hydrodynamic flood Silbury Hill and Avebury in 4,400 BP models using a dependence model Whitehead, P.G. and Edmunds,W.M. Faulkner, D., Keef, C. and Martin, J. The role of groundwater characteristics in Building local/lay flood knowledges into catchment recovery from nitrate pollution community flood resilience planning after the Dunn, S.M., Darling, W.G., Birkel, C. and July 2007 floods, Gloucestershire, UK Bacon, J.R. McEwen, L. and Jones, O. Reconciling observed and modelled Multi-year droughts in Europe: analysis of phytoplankton dynamics in a major lowland UK development and causes river, the Thames Parry, S., Hannaford, J., Lloyd-Hughes, B. and Lázár, A.N., Wade, A.J., Whitehead, P.G., Neal, Prudhomme, C. C. and Loewenthal, M. Evidence for the onset and persistence with Crisp discharge forecasts and grey uncertainty depth of preferential flow in unsaturated bands using data-driven models fractured porous media Alvisi, S., Creaco, E. and Franchini, M. Ireson, A.M., Butler, A.B. and Wheater, H S. Self-organising map rainfall-runoff multivariate Simulation of snow and soil water content as a modeling for runoff reconstruction in basis for satellite retrievals inadequately gauged basins Sandells, M. J., Flerchinger, G. N., Gurney, R. Adeloye, A.J. and Rustum, R. J. and Marks, D. An appraisal of the performance of data-infilling A preliminary appraisal of Thurnham dual methods for application to daily mean river flow polarisation radar in the context of hydrological records in the UK modelling structure Harvey, C.L., Dixon, H. and Hannaford, J. Zhu, D. and Cluckie, I.D. Prediction intervals for rainfall–runoff models: raw error method and split-sample validation Ewen, J. and O’Donnell, G.

30 CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY BHS2012 Special Issue daylighting.org.uk A Special Issue of HR arising from the BHS2012 Symposium held at Dundee in July is being Guest Edited – a resource of case by Andrew Black. By agreement with the publishers, studies on devulverting online publication should be about July 2013. This will require Authors and Reviewers to keep to a tight urban rivers from timetable Andrew has drawn up. So, Authors and aroundthe world Reviewers please help by complying with the aspects of Andrew’s timetable that concern you. With your help, This new website provides case online publication of the BHS2012 Special Issue should study details of deculverting/ be about one year after the event (much faster than the daylighting urban rivers from BHS2010 SI). around the world. It has been set up following CIWEM’s Other national hydrological societies policy position statement adopting HR on deculverting and aims With agreement from BHS and NHF the Italian to spread awareness of this Hydrological Society (IHS) and the recently-formed river restoration technique to German Hydrological Society (DHG) have adopted HR practitioners and policy makers. as their official journal. This is warmly welcomed by the Researchers will also find it HR Editors and IWA Publishing, and we look forward to useful as it documents the any further similar developments. Perhaps this might help projects’ goals and outcomes with active links between BHS, NHF, IHS and DHG? and links to more material. Everyone can easily add a To close, I’d like to reiterate a couple of points new case study site, or submit concerning submissions of manuscripts to HR from corrections/improvements to UK-based hydrologists. First, Special Issues arising the database. from BHS Symposia are great but manuscripts from UK-based hydrologists for standard issues of the journal are welcome too – please consider supporting HR, the official journal of BHS, in this way. The second MSc Studentship point: Submission of research manuscripts from UK- competition based hydrologists not based at universities or research institutes are also welcome. A reminder that the deadline for this is 20 August — see Ian Littlewood web site for terms and Editor (BHS) Hydrology Research: an International conditions plus link for on- Journal line applications.

‘Lost’members – where are they now? A plea from our ICE Secretary, Tim Fuller, for help in locating the following, as recent postings and emails to the addresses on our master datebase have failed.

Name Last location Date joined Dr Matthew Brian Charlton Nottingham (2001) Mr Andrew Bruce Frost Letchworth–Willmott Dixon Ltd (2000) Mr Jonathan Paul Hunter Hove West Sussex (1998) Miss Kim Mack Exeter University (2010)

If you have any information, Tim would like to hear (contact details given in the box on the back cover).

CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY 31 Call for papers: Circulation is published quarterly. It is free to members of the River Basin Management 2013 British Hydrological Society and costs £25 to nonmembers on annual subscription. 22 – 24 May, 2013 New Forest, UK  Membership enquiries: Tim Fuller, BHS Secretary, Institution – all aspects of Hydrology, Ecology, of Civil Engineers, 1-7 Great George Street, London SW1P 3AA. Tel: 0207 665 2234 Email: [email protected] Environmental Management, Flood Plains and Wetlands.  Editor: Celia Kirby Tel: 01544 230053 http://www.wessex.ac.uk/ Email [email protected] rbm2013rem2a.html  Web pages: http://www.hydrology.org.uk/ Circulation is indexed in Geosystems’ Hydrotitles & GeoArchive and NISC HydroROM. LuWQ2013 International Interdisciplinary Conference on Land Use and Water Quality: Diary Reducing Effects of Agriculture 12th Sept 2012 The Hague, the Netherlands, 10–13 June 2013 Natural Flood Management Abstracts due by 20 October 2012 Scottish Hydrological Group http://www.luwq2013.nl/ Regional Meeting Time: 18.30 Location: Glasgow University BHS (Wolfson Medical Building) Contact: Caroline Anderton 30th Annual General (Tel: 0131 319 2940) Meeting 26th Sept 2012 Hydrological challenges and The 30th Annual General Meeting of the emerging solutions in urban British Hydrological Society will be held at Centre for areas Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, on 26th September 2012 BHS National Meeting (during the National Meeting, ‘Hydrological Time: 10.00 challenges and emerging solutions in urban areas’) Location: Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne AGENDA Contact: Claire Walsh (Tel: 0191 222 6618) A. President’s Introductin B. President’s Report 26th Sept 2012 C. Student Prize Award BHS Annual General D. To note the report of the 29th AGM held on Meeting 20th September 2011 (see Circulation No. 111, Agenda - see page xx pages 20–21) Time: 14.00 E. Honorary secretary’s Report Location: Centre for Life, F. Changes to the membership of Main Committee Newcastle upon Tyne G. Honorary Treasurer’s Report Contact: Claire Walsh (Tel: H. Any Other Busines (any substantial issues 0191 222 6618) from a BHS member should be notified to the Honorary Secretary, Claire Walsh, in advance of the meeting.) Copy deadline for Claire Walsh, Hon. Secretary Circulation No. 115 School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle 24th October 2012 University, NE1 7RU Tel 0191 222 6618; email [email protected]

32 CIRCULATION – THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BRITISH HYDROLOGICAL SOCIETY