DOCSLIB.ORG

Quality of Primary Education in Ethiopia: the Case of Early Grade Mathematics Competency in Tigrai

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Quality of Primary Education in Ethiopia: the Case of Early Grade Mathematics Competency in Tigrai QUALITY OF PRIMARY EDUCATION IN ETHIOPIA: THE CASE OF EARLY GRADE MATHEMATICS COMPETENCY IN TIGRAI Abraha Asfaw Dissertation Submitted to the Department of Curriculum and Teacher Professional Development Studies in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Curriculum Design and Development College of Education and Behavioral Studies Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia March, 2015 © Abraha Asfaw, March 2015 All Rights Reserved Dedication: To My Father - My Foundation Quality of Primary Education in Ethiopia: The Case of Early Grade Mathematics Competency in Tigrai By Abraha Asfaw Dissertation Submitted to the Department of Curriculum and Teacher Professional Development Studies in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Curriculum Design and Development Addis Ababa University Abstract This study explored the status of quality of primary education in Ethiopia as measured by early grade mathematics competency in Tigrai. For this purpose, the study adopted quantitative research design and the Early Grade Mathematics Assessment (EGMA) approach with a focus on Counting Concept (CC) and Number Sense (NS) constructs and their respective indicators. Operationally, while CC included One-to-One correspondence, Cardinality and Missing Number sub-tests; NS construct was defined by measures of Oral Counting, Number identification, Quantity Discrimination, and Addition and Subtraction. Data was collected from 834 grades 1 and 2 students, 55 teachers and 21 head teachers from 21 randomly selected primary schools and seven districts of the Regional State. The study used a data collection instrument that comprised two sets of items: (a) seven sub-tests on the measures of the constructs, and (b) background questionnaire on predictive variables. From the results of the analysis of data using both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, it was concluded that: (1) quality of primary education in Ethiopia as measured by Early Grade Mathematics Competency is basically low, as the mean score of the children fell at about 39 per cent, far less than the policy benchmark set (minimum 50 %); (2) urban children outperformed their rural counterparts with medium effect size (d=.78), i.e. 50% urban children iii surpassed about 78% of children from rural setting; (3) gender inequality in favor of boys is a reflection of rural setting, indicating that rural girls are at double disadvantage; and (4) of the variables included, age, being male in rural setting, availability of functional library and textbook-student ratio predicted relative success in learning. Given that early grade is the foundation for human and knowledge development, the findings are not only status indicators but also future predictors. Students who start with learning problems are likely to have limited capacity to succeed in upper grades. The findings, therefore, imply the need for deepening our knowledge of quality dimensions in the Ethiopian policy context, reforming curriculum, conducting further and comprehensive research on critical achievement and inequality variables, and designing timely and appropriate intervention schemes to redress the problem. Key Words: Quality, Early Grade, Mathematics, Competency iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The process of developing this research and the nature of the study itself helped me to realize that this final outcome is a result of accumulated experiences, and not necessarily an impact of the PhD program only. Without the support of many people in the process of my education from early age to this level, the present achievement could have been difficult to imagine. I am thankful to all. I enjoyed the support, guidance and professional critique of my advisor, Dr Amare Asgedom, truly speaking a colleague and a friend. Since the inception of the study to its current status, he pushed me to the depth of the conceptualization and technicalities, and extended his unreserved support during difficult transitions. Thank you for what you have done to me. Many colleagues encouraged and extended their support throughout the study. Dr Ambisa Kenea was always on my side, I am indebted to thank him for his encouragement, constructive comments and sharing my academic load to give me time for the research work. The comments from Dr Dessu Wirtu and Dr Belete Kebede (USA) on the draft version enriched the quality of the report and I extend my thanks to both of them. Atsbha Kasa, Tewelde Girmay, and Gebre Welde-Silasse (and his beloved wife Mebrat Kahsay), all from USA, shared my ambition and their support was helpful to bring this study to its final stage. I should also note the support from Dr Gebre-Egziabher Debeb and Haftay Gebre-Egziabher at different levels of the study. I extend my appreciations to all! The data collection was so expensive and money intensive. I really appreciate the generous vehicle support of Tigrai Development Association (TDA), especially H.E. Ambassador Tewlde Gebru, Tigrai Regional State Education Bureau, especially Ato Gobezay W/Aregay, Ato Teklay G/Medhin, the then Deputy Head of Woreda Administration and Head of Finance and Economic Development of Kilte-Awlaelo woreda. Tadesse Mamo and Rezene Fiseha helped in the coordination of the training of assessors and data collection process, and I extend my appreciation to the support I enjoyed during my study. My brother Bekuretsion Asafw was always on my side, especially the process of data entry and cleaning would have been very difficult without his direct involvement. Thank you Bekru! This study was time taking. I have to extend my gratitude to my beloved wife W/ro Solome Mamo for her care, support, and courage to shoulder the family responsibilities throughout my study time. My Kids (Mearg, Hermela, and Tsadena) were so patient and loving despite my focus on my study for so long. Please know that you are my vision and inspiration. v I recognize that my parents invested a lot on my education. My father and mother worked hard to push me up the education ladder since early ages. My mother, W/ro Tekien Sibhatu, spent sleepless nights during my whole school years to make sure I have everything in time; my father, Ato Asfaw Ambaye, laid my foundation. He was a self- literate, and used to surprise me in his fond of knowledge and critical arguments to continuously shape my thinking and make sure I am growing. Unfortunately, even today (at this level) I run short of adequate words to express my indebtedness to his lifelong efforts to ensure my success in the academic arena. Anyway, I say thank you to both of you and I pray to rest the soul of my father in peace! There were difficult times where I have to think of dropping out of school had it not been for the unparallel sacrifice of my parents, my brothers (Werkilul and Haile-Mariam), and my sister (Mulu) and her husband (Kishi Fetiyeyo Redae). Please know that the memory of the past is still alive and I thank you all for what you have done to me! vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract…………………………………………………………………………... iii Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………..... v List of Tables……………………………………………………………………… xi List of Figures……………………………………………………………………. xiii Abbreviations/ Acronym................................................................................. xiv CHAPTER 1: SETTING THE SCENE: THE ISSUE AND ITS CONTEXT……………………………………………….. 1 1.1. Introduction…………………………………………………………... 1 1.2. The Issue in Context…………………………………………………. 4 1.2.1. Research on learning: The conceptual shift………………….... 4 1.2.2. Early grade mathematics learning in Tigrai: The inadequacy of the evidence………………………………………………....... 7 1.2.3. Research on early grade mathematics constructs…………….. 10 1.2.4. Determination of early grade mathematics competency in Tirgai.......................................................................................... 11 1.3.The Research Problem………………………………………………... 12 1.4.Objectives of the Study……………………………………………….. 15 1.5. The Contributions of the Study……………………………………… 15 1.6. The Theoretical Framework for Assessing Competency…………..... 20 1.6.1. Established theoretical models of research in student learning. 20 1.6.2. Personal assumptions ……………………................................. 25 1.6.3. The conceptual framework of the study...................................... 27 1.7. The Scope of the Study………………………………………………. 28 1.8. Limitations of the Study…………………………………………….... 29 1.9. Organization of the Thesis…………………………………………… 31 1.10. Operational Definitions of Key Terms……………………………… 33 vii Page CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ……………………......... 35 2.1. The Research Design……………………………………………… 35 2.2. Sampling Frame……………………………………………………. 38 2.3. Sampling Procedures and Sample Size……………………………. 42 2.4. Instruments of Data Collection…………………………………….. 46 2.5. Training of Assessors, Piloting and Data Collection Process……………………………………………………………... 55 2.6. Data Entry, Quality Checking, and Analysis Techniques…………. 60 CHAPTER 3: QUALITY OF PRIMARY EDUCATION: DEFINITIONAL PERSPECTIVES………………... 65 3.1.Introduction……………………………………………………….. 65 3.2.Philosophical Perspectives on Defining Quality of Education…….. 66 3.3. Systems Model on Defining Quality of Education……………….. 77 3.4. EFA Perspectives on Defining Quality of Education…………….. 81 3.5.Limitations of the EFA Declarations………………………………. 89 3.6. Conclusion: Operationalizing Educational Quality in this study..... 94 CHAPTER 4: ASSESSING QUALITY IN MATHEMATICS: LESSONS FROM GLOBAL EXPERIENCES ………................... 99 4.1. Introduction
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti
    Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DER GRADES DES DOKTORS DER PHILOSOPHIE DER UNIVERSTÄT HAMBURG VORGELEGT VON YASIN MOHAMMED YASIN from Assab, Ethiopia HAMBURG 2010 ii Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti by Yasin Mohammed Yasin Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR (POLITICAL SCIENCE) in the FACULITY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES at the UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG Supervisors Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff HAMBURG 15 December 2010 iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my doctoral fathers Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit and Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff for their critical comments and kindly encouragement that made it possible for me to complete this PhD project. Particularly, Prof. Jakobeit’s invaluable assistance whenever I needed and his academic follow-up enabled me to carry out the work successfully. I therefore ask Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit to accept my sincere thanks. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Klaus Mummenhoff and the association, Verein zur Förderung äthiopischer Schüler und Studenten e. V., Osnabruck , for the enthusiastic morale and financial support offered to me in my stay in Hamburg as well as during routine travels between Addis and Hamburg. I also owe much to Dr. Wolbert Smidt for his friendly and academic guidance throughout the research and writing of this dissertation. Special thanks are reserved to the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Hamburg and the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) that provided me comfortable environment during my research work in Hamburg.
    [Show full text]
  • 20Th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies ፳ኛ የኢትዮጵያ ጥናት ጉባኤ
    20th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies ኛ ፳ የኢትዮጵያ ጥናት ጉባኤ Regional and Global Ethiopia – Interconnections and Identities 30 Sep. – 5 Oct. 2018 Mekelle University, Ethiopia Message by Prof. Dr. Fetien Abay, VPRCS, Mekelle University Mekelle University is proud to host the International Conference of Ethiopian Studies (ICES20), the most prestigious conference in social sciences and humanities related to the region. It is the first time that one of the younger universities of Ethiopia has got the opportunity to organize the conference by itself – following the great example set by the French team of the French Centre of Ethiopian Studies in Addis Abeba organizing the ICES in cooperation with Dire Dawa University in 2012, already then with great participation by Mekelle University academics and other younger universities of Ethiopia. We are grateful that we could accept the challenge, based on the set standards, in the new framework of very dynamic academic developments in Ethiopia. The international scene is also diversifying, not only the Ethiopian one, and this conference is a sign for it: As its theme says, Ethiopia is seen in its plural regional and global interconnections. In this sense it becomes even more international than before, as we see now the first time a strong participation from almost all neighboring countries, and other non-Western states, which will certainly contribute to new insights, add new perspectives and enrich the dialogue in international academia. The conference is also international in a new sense, as many academics working in one country are increasingly often nationals of other countries, as more and more academic life and progress anywhere lives from interconnections.
    [Show full text]
  • Regreening of the Northern Ethiopian Mountains: Effects on Flooding and on Water Balance
    PATRICK VAN DAMME THE ROLE OF TREE DOMESTICATION IN GREEN MARKET PRODUCT VALUE CHAIN DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA afrika focus — Volume 31, Nr. 2, 2018 — pp. 129-147 REGREENING OF THE NORTHERN ETHIOPIAN MOUNTAINS: EFFECTS ON FLOODING AND ON WATER BALANCE Tesfaalem G. Asfaha (1,2), Michiel De Meyere (2), Amaury Frankl (2), Mitiku Haile (3), Jan Nyssen (2) (1) Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Mekelle University, Ethiopia (2) Department of Geography, Ghent University, Belgium (3) Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Ethiopia The hydro-geomorphology of mountain catchments is mainly determined by vegetation cover. This study was carried out to analyse the impact of vegetation cover dynamics on flooding and water balance in 11 steep (0.27-0.65 m m-1) catchments of the western Rift Valley escarpment of Northern Ethiopia, an area that experienced severe deforestation and degradation until the first half of the 1980s and considerable reforestation thereafter. Land cover change analysis was carried out using aerial photos (1936,1965 and 1986) and Google Earth imaging (2005 and 2014). Peak discharge heights of 332 events and the median diameter of the 10 coarsest bedload particles (Max10) moved in each event in three rainy seasons (2012-2014) were monitored. The result indicates a strong re- duction in flooding (R2 = 0.85, P<0.01) and bedload sediment supply (R2 = 0.58, P<0.05) with increas- ing vegetation cover. Overall, this study demonstrates that in reforesting steep tropical mountain catchments, magnitude of flooding, water balance and bedload movement is strongly determined by vegetation cover dynamics.
    [Show full text]
  • Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health
    ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH Ethiopian Field Epidemiology Training Program(EFELTP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology By Brhanu Adhana(Bsc) Cohort IX Submitted to School of Graduate Studies of Addis AbabUniversity in Partial Fulfilment for the Degree of Master Public Health in Field Epidemiology June 2019 Addis Ababa Ethiopia ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF HEALTHS CIENCES SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH Ethiopian Field Epidemology Trainning Program(EFETP) Compiled Body Of Work In Field Epidemiology By Brhanu Adhana(Bsc) Sumitted to the School of Graduate Studies Addis Ababa University in Parial Fifulment for the Degree of Master of Public Health in Field Epidemiology JUNE 2019 ADDIS ABABA ETHIOPIA ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH Ethiopian Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology By Brhanu Adhana Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of Master of Public Health in Field Epidemiology Mentors Mr. Yimer Seid (MPH in Epi and Bio) Mr. Muluken Gizaw (MPH) June 2019 Addis Ababa ethiopia ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH Ethiopian Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFELP) Compiled Body of Work in Field Epidemiology By Brhanu Adhana(Bsc) Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfilment for the Degree of Master of Public Health in Field Epidemology Approval By Examiner Board --------------------------------- --------------------------- Chairman, School Graduate Committee ------------------------------------- ---------------------------- Advisor ----------------------------------- ----------------------------- Examiner ---------------------------------- ----------------------------- Examiner ------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------- Acknowledgement I would like to extend appreciation to my advisors Mr. Yimer Sied and Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Periodic Monitoring Report Working 2016 Humanitarian Requirements Document – Ethiopia Group
    DRMTechnical Periodic Monitoring Report Working 2016 Humanitarian Requirements Document – Ethiopia Group Covering 1 Jan to 31 Dec 2016 Prepared by Clusters and NDRMC Introduction The El Niño global climactic event significantly affected the 2015 meher/summer rains on the heels of failed belg/ spring rains in 2015, driving food insecurity, malnutrition and serious water shortages in many parts of the country. The Government and humanitarian partners issued a joint 2016 Humanitarian Requirements Document (HRD) in December 2015 requesting US$1.4 billion to assist 10.2 million people with food, health and nutrition, water, agriculture, shelter and non-food items, protection and emergency education responses. Following the delay and erratic performance of the belg/spring rains in 2016, a Prioritization Statement was issued in May 2016 with updated humanitarian requirements in nutrition (MAM), agriculture, shelter and non-food items and education.The Mid-Year Review of the HRD identified 9.7 million beneficiaries and updated the funding requirements to $1.2 billion. The 2016 HRD is 69 per cent funded, with contributions of $1.08 billion from international donors and the Government of Ethiopia (including carry-over resources from 2015). Under the leadership of the Government of Ethiopia delivery of life-saving and life- sustaining humanitarian assistance continues across the sectors. However, effective humanitarian response was challenged by shortage of resources, limited logistical capacities and associated delays, and weak real-time information management. This Periodic Monitoring Report (PMR) provides a summary of the cluster financial inputs against outputs and achievements against cluster objectives using secured funding since the launch of the 2016 HRD.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Introduction
    1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background On 18 th May 1998 fighting broke out between the armed forces of the Governments of Ethiopia and Eritrea along the common border of the two countries. The conflict continued for more than two years. It involved extremely heavy fighting resulting in tremendous causalities. Sponsored by the Organization of African Unity with the support of UN, USA and the European Union, the two governments signed on June 18, 2000 the Cessation of Hostilities. People living along the main 1000 Kms border areas of tension during the conflict on the Ethiopian side were internally displaced during May 1998 – June 2000 and were unable to return to their homes due to the presence of landmines and/or unexploded ordnance (UXO), or because their homes and/or their essential resources and infrastructure and basic services (water and power supplies, roads, school and health facilities) were damaged or destroyed. The internally displaced people (IDPs) were remained in temporary settlements or with host families in areas close to their home origins entirely depending on humanitarian assistance. Many of the IDPs left their homes with a few personal belongings and lost livelihood such as livestock and farm implements, and businesses and thus found difficult to return to their original homes/areas. Most of the areas in Tigray which had been occupied by Eritrean forces (1998-2000) suffered heavy destruction of the existing socio-economic infrastructure. According to preliminary assessment, 60 % of the houses (excluding Zalanbessa town) were completely destroyed, while 20 % were severely damaged and the remaining 20 % slightly damaged (ERPMU/MoFED, 2002) in the war zone.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Formative Continuous Assessment Pilot in Amhara and Tigray Regions
    Evaluation of Formative Continuous Assessment Pilot in Amhara and Tigray Regions September 2018 A partnership with American Institutes for Research Contract No. AID 663-C-15-00001 USAID Reading for Ethiopia’s Achievement Developed Monitoring and Evaluation (READ M&E) Evaluation of Formative Continuous Assessment Pilot in Amhara and Tigray Regions Main Authors: Belay Tefera, Belen Mekonnen, Daniel Tefera, Solomon Areaya Additional Contributors: Mohammed Elmeski, Rebecca Stone, Mariela Taylor Prepared by: American Institutes for Research 1000 Thomas Jefferson Street, NW Washington, DC 20007 Submitted to: U.S. Agency for International Development/Ethiopia Addis Yigzaw, COR Under Contract No. AID-663-C-15-00001 Disclaimer: This report was made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of the American Institutes for Research (AIR) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. Table of Contents Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1 Findings and Discussions ......................................................................................................... 1 Conclusions and Recommendations ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ETHIOPIA MINISTRY of AGRICULTURE and NATURAL RESOURCES Public Disclosure Authorized
    SFG3502 THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES Public Disclosure Authorized ETHIOPIA RURAL SAFETY NET PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized ENHANCED SOCIAL ASSESSMENT AND CONSULTATION Public Disclosure Authorized Food Security Coordination Directorate 22 June 2017 Public Disclosure Authorized 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................... 4 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 10 2. SOCIO-CULTURAL CONTEXT ............................................................................................................... 15 3. POLICY CONTEXT .................................................................................................................................... 28 4. POTENTIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR VULNERABLE GROUPS FOR ERSNP DESIGN ............. 31 4.1 TARGETING ..................................................................................................................................................... 31 4.2 TRANSFERS ...................................................................................................................................................... 43 4.3 PUBLIC WORKS AND LINKAGES TO SOCIAL SERVICES ................................................................................. 53 4.5 DIRECT SUPPORT (DS) ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Type the Document Title
    Report on Training of Trainers (TOT) in Tigray Region on Africa RISING Project Validated Technologies/Innovations in the Ethiopian Highland Mohammed Ebrahim, Abera Adie, Yetsedaw Ayenew, Tesfay Hagoss, Gebrehiowt H/Mariam, Sehin Kinfu, Addisu Asfaw Produced by International Livestock Research Institute, International Center for Research in Dry Areas, Tigray Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Mekelle University Published by International Livestock Research Institute April 2017 www.africa-rising.net The Africa Research In Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation (Africa RISING) program comprises three research-for-development projects supported by the United States Agency for International Development as part of the U.S. government’s Feed the Future initiative. Through action research and development partnerships, Africa RISING will create opportunities for smallholder farm households to move out of hunger and poverty through sustainably intensified farming systems that improve food, nutrition, and income security, particularly for women and children, and conserve or enhance the natural resource base. The three regional projects are led by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (in West Africa and East and Southern Africa) and the International Livestock Research Institute (in the Ethiopian Highlands). The International Food Policy Research Institute leads the program’s monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment. http://africa-rising.net/ This document is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence. This document was made possible with support from the American people delivered through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) as part of the US Government’s Feed the Future Initiative. The contents are the responsibility of the producing organization and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of USAID or the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Building Partnerships: Establishing Woreda, Kebele and Farmer- Based Innovation Platforms
    Building Partnerships: Establishing Woreda, Kebele and Farmer- based Innovation Platforms Produced by Ellis-Jones Jim, Kindu Mekonnen, Zelalem Lema and Elias Damtew Published by International Livestock Research Institute February 2014 www.africa-rising.net The Africa Research In Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation (Africa RISING) program 1 comprises three research-for-development projects supported by the United States Agency for International Development as part of the U.S. government’s Feed the Future initiative. Through action research and development partnerships, Africa RISING will create opportunities for smallholder farm households to move out of hunger and poverty through sustainably intensified farming systems that improve food, nutrition, and income security, particularly for women and children, and conserve or enhance the natural resource base. The three regional projects are led by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (in West Africa and East and Southern Africa) and the International Livestock Research Institute (in the Ethiopian Highlands). The International Food Policy Research Institute leads the program’s monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment. http://africa-rising.net/ This document is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License This document was made possible with support from the American people delivered through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) as part of the US Government’s Feed the Future Initiative. The contents are the responsibility of the producing organization and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of USAID or the U.S. Government. 2 Citation Ellis-Jones Jim, Kindu Mekonnen, Zelalem Lema and Elias Damtew, 2014. Building Partnerships: Establishment of Woreda, Kebele and Farmer Innovation Platforms.
    [Show full text]
  • Emergency Recovery Project, Impact Assessment Report-Ethiopia
    James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Center for International Stabilization and Global CWD Repository Recovery 1-2006 Emergency Recovery Project, Impact Assessment Report-Ethiopia Afeta Merga Bultosa Gadisa Birhanu Abje Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-globalcwd Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, Peace and Conflict Studies Commons, Public Policy Commons, and the Social Policy Commons Recommended Citation Merga, Afeta; Gadisa, Bultosa; and Abje, Birhanu, "Emergency Recovery Project, Impact Assessment Report-Ethiopia" (2006). Global CWD Repository. 1053. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-globalcwd/1053 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for International Stabilization and Recovery at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Global CWD Repository by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background On 18 th May 1998 fighting broke out between the armed forces of the Governments of Ethiopia and Eritrea along the common border of the two countries. The conflict continued for more than two years. It involved extremely heavy fighting resulting in tremendous causalities. Sponsored by the Organization of African Unity with the support of UN, USA and the European Union, the two governments signed on June 18, 2000 the Cessation of Hostilities. People living along the main 1000 Kms border areas of tension during the conflict on the Ethiopian side were internally displaced during May 1998 – June 2000 and were unable to return to their homes due to the presence of landmines and/or unexploded ordnance (UXO), or because their homes and/or their essential resources and infrastructure and basic services (water and power supplies, roads, school and health facilities) were damaged or destroyed.
    [Show full text]
  • Under Peer Review
    UNDER PEER REVIEW 1 Original Research Article 2 INVESTIGATING CRITICAL FACTORS HINDERING 3 FARMERS’ PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURAL 4 RESEARCH IN ETHIOPIA 5 ABSTRACT 6 7 Agriculture is one of the key drivers of Ethiopia’s long-term development and food security. It supports 8 85% of the total population, constitutes 43% of GDP and 80% of export value. For the country to 9 reach middle-income prestige by 2025 and make significant inroads against food insecurity, strategic 10 choices and concerted and strategic investments in agricultural sector are vigorous. The government 11 of Ethiopia has put maximum efforts to increase agricultural output. However, increments in 12 agricultural production and productivity, the expected benefits, have not been achieved yet. Low 13 agricultural production and productivity is the major cause of food insecurity in the country emanating 14 from lack of suitable technologies for beneficiaries, low adoption of agricultural innovations, and lack 15 of active participation of farmers in agricultural research. Therefore, this study examines critical 16 factors that hinder farmers’ participation in agricultural research in Ethiopia. Two regions were 17 randomly selected from nine and 76 farmers, 39 researchers and 24 extension workers were 18 purposively selected based on snowball sampling technique from the two regions to give a sample 19 size of 139. Qualitative research design was used in this research. Data were collected using semi- 20 structured interviews, focus group discussions and observations and analysed descriptively. The 21 empirical results reveal that lack of sufficient time, bad experiences in the past, perception of farmers’ 22 for researchers, farmer’s attitude for research, the type of research, lack of stakeholder’s willingness 23 to learn from one another, loose integration of indigenous and scientific knowledge and insignificant 24 change of new technologies to material wealth critically hindered farmer’s participation in agricultural 25 research to bring innovation in agriculture.
    [Show full text]