Astronomia E Fisica a Firenze. Dalla Specola Ad Arcetri
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Florence Next Time Contents & Introduction
TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Conventional names for traditional religious subjects in Renaissance art The Cathedral of Florence (Duomo) The Baptistery Museo dell’Opera del Duomo The other Basilicas of Florence Introduction Santissima Annunciata Santa Croce and Museum San Lorenzo and Medici Chapels San Marco and Museum Santa Maria del Carmine and Brancacci Chapel Santa Maria Novella and Museum San Miniato al Monte Santo Spirito and Museum Santa Trinita Florence’s other churches Ognissanti Orsanmichele and Museum Santi Apostoli Sant’Ambrogio San Frediano in Cestello San Felice in Piazza San Filippo Neri San Remigio Last Suppers Sant’Apollonia Ognissanti Foligno San Salvi San Marco Santa Croce Santa Maria Novella and Santo Spirito Tours of Major Galleries Tour One – Uffizi Tour Two – Bargello Tour Three – Accademia Tour Four – Palatine Gallery Museum Tours Palazzo Vecchio Museo Stefano Bardini Museo Bandini at Fiesole Other Museums - Pitti, La Specola, Horne, Galileo Ten Lesser-known Treasures Chiostro dello Scalzo Santa Maria Maggiore – the Coppovaldo Loggia del Bigallo San Michele Visdomini – Pontormo’s Madonna with Child and Saints The Chimera of Arezzo Perugino’s Crucifixion at Santa Maria dei Pazzi The Badia Fiorentina and Chiostro degli Aranci The Madonna of the Stairs and Battle of the Centaurs by Michelangelo The Cappella dei Magi, Palazzo Medici-Riccardi The Capponi Chapel at Santa Felicita Biographies of the Artists Glossary of Terms Bibliography SimplifiedTime-line diagram Index INTRODUCTION There can’t be many people who love art who won’t at some time in their lives find themselves in Florence, expecting to see and appreciate the incredibly beautiful paintings and sculptures collected in that little city. -
La Collezione Delle Cere Anatomiche the Anatomical Wax Collection Marta Poggesi
Le collezioni The Collections Fig. 1 La collezione delle cere anatomiche The anatomical wax collection Marta Poggesi La storia della ceroplastica fino a tutto il ’600 sia dalle autorità civili sia, anatomica e i suoi scopi soprattutto, da quelle religiose. Tuttavia fino dalla metà del ’400 cominciarono a compari- L’uso della cera per modellare figure ha re disegni e trattati anatomici, generalmente origini antichissime, soprattutto in campo a cura di pittori e scultori quali Leonardo da artistico, ed è dovuto sia a fini puramente Vinci, Michelangelo, Raffaello, Tiziano, solo estetici, sia ad esigenze di tipo tecnico, come per citare alcuni dei più famosi. Spesso ad la facilità di lavorazione o la necessità di una essi si affiancavano valenti studiosi di anato- successiva fusione dell’opera in metallo. A mia (basterà ricordare il Falloppio, il Cesal- Firenze, nel Rinascimento e fino a tutto il pino, il Vesalio) che si avvalevano dell’opera ’600 si potevano ammirare nelle chiese, so- di artisti per illustrare i loro trattati. prattutto Orsammichele e la Santissima An- Alla fine del XVII secolo, un artista si- nunziata, un’enorme quantità di oggetti in racusano, Gaetano Giulio Zumbo (1656- cera (ex-voto o «boti»), che andavano da raf- 1701) [fig. 1], del quale si conservano alla figurazioni di membra, organi o parti di essi Specola gran parte delle opere conosciute, a ritratti e statue anche a grandezza natura- si perfezionò a Bologna (dove esisteva una le; fu proprio nel XVII secolo che iniziarono famosa scuola di anatomia) nell’arte di mo- a comparire le prime riproduzioni in cera a dellare preparati anatomici usando per pri- scopo scientifico. -
WHERE WAS MEAN SOLAR TIME FIRST ADOPTED? Simone Bianchi INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico Di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi, 5, 50125, Flor
WHERE WAS MEAN SOLAR TIME FIRST ADOPTED? Simone Bianchi INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi, 5, 50125, Florence, Italy [email protected] Abstract: It is usually stated in the literature that Geneva was the first city to adopt mean solar time, in 1780, followed by London (or the whole of England) in 1792, Berlin in 1810 and Paris in 1816. In this short paper I will partially revise this statement, using primary references when available, and provide dates for a few other European cities. Although no exact date was found for the first public use of mean time, the primacy seems to belong to England, followed by Geneva in 1778–1779 (for horologists), Berlin in 1810, Geneva in 1821 (for public clocks), Vienna in 1823, Paris in 1826, Rome in 1847, Turin in 1849, and Milan, Bologna and Florence in 1860. Keywords: mean solar time 1 INTRODUCTION The inclination of the Earth’s axis with respect to the orbital plane and its non-uniform revolution around the Sun are reflected in the irregularity of the length of the day, when measured from two consecutive passages of the Sun on the meridian. Though known since ancient times, the uneven length of true solar days became of practical interest only after Christiaan Huygens (1629 –1695) invented the high-accuracy pendulum clock in the 1650s. For proper registration of regularly-paced clocks, it then became necessary to convert true solar time into mean solar time, obtained from the position of a fictitious mean Sun; mean solar days all having the same duration over the course of the year. -
On Display at La Specola Museum
TfK 1-2010 ombrukket_TfK 1-2-2007 02.03.10 15.55 Side 38 “Exotism” on display at La Specola Museum Gianna Innocenti Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Università degli Studi di Firenze [email protected] Keywords Abstract Natural History In Florence, “La Specola” Museum was first opened to the public in 1775, by order of the Museums, enlightened Grand Duke Peter Leopold of Lorraine who wished to put together all the La Specola, “natural curiosities” from his collections, as well as from the Medici ones, in the context natural curiosities of an enlightened project of popular education. The zoological collections consisted of many Italian and foreign specimens, and among them on display were several amazing animals, peculiar for their provenance, rarity or dimension that gave rise to the social imagination of the Museum visitors. This paper provides a selection of the unusual animals on display and gives an account of their arrival at La Specola Museum as many specimens have a “story” to tell the visitor. Introduction of February, 1775 (Barbagli 2009:58; The Florentine Museum “La Specola” was Contardi 2009:15). In the subsequent founded in 1771 as the Royal Imperial years, the Museum became a well known Museum of Physics and Natural History, place for the Florentine people, so much so by order of the Grand Duke Peter Leopold that it was simply and popularly known as of Lorraine. It was his aim to reunite all the “La Specola”. The name “Specola” was for material related to natural history, i.e. “nat- the astronomical observatory located in its ural curiosities”, scientific artefacts and tower, which was built in 1789 (Miniati instruments, from the Medici collections, 1984:212), and soon developed into a separating them from the art collections town institution. -
Birth and Life of Scientific Collections in Florence
BIRTH AND LIFE OF SCIENTIFIC COLLECTIONS IN FLORENCE Mara Miniati 1 RESUMO: em Florença. Este artigo descreve as trans- formações ocorridas entre os séculos 18 e O artigo centra-se na história das coleções 19 na vida cultural da capital da Toscana: as científicas em Florença. Na era dos Medici, artes e ciências foram promovidos, e os flo- Florença foi um importante centro de pes- rentinos cultivados estavam interessadas no quisa científica e de coleções. Este aspecto desenvolvimento recente da física, na Itália e da cultura florentina é geralmente menos no exterior. Nesse período, numerosas co- conhecido, mas a ciência e coleções científi- leções científicas privadas e públicas de Flo- cas foram uma parte consistente da história rença existentes, que eram menos famosas, da cidade. O recolhimento de instrumentos mas não menos importantes do que as co- científicos era um componente importante leções Médici e Lorena se destacaram. Final- das estratégias políticas dos grão-duques flo- mente, o artigo descreve como as coleções rentinos, convencidos de que o conhecimen- florentinas se desenvolveram. A fundação to científico e controle tecnológico sobre do Instituto e Museu de História da Ciência a natureza conferiria solidez e prestígio ao deu nova atenção aos instrumentos cientí- seu poder político. De Cosimo I a Cosimo ficos antigos. Sua intensa atividade de pes- III, os grão-duques Médici concederam o seu quisa teve um impacto sobre a organização patrocínio e comissões sobre gerações de do Museu. Novos estudos levaram a novas engenheiros e cientistas, formando uma co- atribuições aos instrumentos científicos, as leção de instrumentos matemáticos e astro- investigações de arquivamento contribuiram nômicos, os modelos científicos e produtos para um melhor conhecimento da coleção, naturais, exibidos ao lado das mais famosas e os contactos crescentes com instituições coleções de arte na Galleria Uffizi, no Pala- italianas e internacionais feitas do Museu zzo Pitti, e em torno da cidade de Florença tornaram-no cada vez mais ativo em uma e outros lugares da Toscana. -
Santo Spirito Neighborhood Crawl
florence for free free walks and work-arounds for rich italian adventures neighborhood crawl: santo spirito Distance: 2 km (about 1.2 miles) Time: 25 minute walk in total, plus time (up to a day!) for leisurely exploring Cost: $0 Directions: Start out by crossing the Ponte Vecchio. At the bridge’s end, walk straight ahead, looking for a small piazza on your left with a church tucked in the back corner (Sant Felicita). Venture further down Via de’ Guicciardini, past Palazzo Pitti, onto Via Romana, until you reach Via del Campuccio. Turn right, and then make the next right again at Via Caldaie. Walk up to Santo Spirito, head out at the far right of the piazza and turn left on Via Maggio. Walk down to St. Mark’s Church, cross the street and take that right on Via dei Vellutini down to Piazza della Passera. Take Via dello Sprone back out and follow it until you reach Ponte Santa Trinita. Places to see: • Santa Felicita – One of the oldest worship sites in the city, although the current structure mostly dates back to the 18th century. Head here when open in the early morning and venture in under the Vasari Corridor (the arch-shaped interruption in the church’s facade), which also doubled as a private balcony the Medici could worship from without mingling with ordinary plebs. The inside is certainly inspired by the style of Renaissance heavyweight Brunelleschi – the man who solved the riddle of the cathedral dome. He even designed the chapel immediately to the entrance’s right, today known as the Capponi Chapel, which features two masterpieces by Mannerist favorite Jacopo Pontormo. -
“Buon Compleanno Galileo” È Un Programma Di Divulgazione Scientifica Realizzato in Occasione Animali E Bellezza
• 6 marzo “Buon compleanno Galileo” è un programma di divulgazione scientifica realizzato in occasione Animali e bellezza. La percezione estetica nelle diverse specie del 450° anniversario della nascita di Galileo Galilei, promosso dalla Regione Toscana in collaborazione con Museo Galileo–Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, Museo di Storia Laura Beani, Università di Firenze Naturale dell’Università di Firenze, Il Giardino di Archimede–Un museo per la matematica, “Buon compleanno Giorgio Vallortigara, Università di Trento Museo FirST–Firenze Scienza e Tecnica, Comune di Firenze, Associazione culturale Caffè- Franco Bagnoli (animatore), Università di Firenze Scienza Firenze. • 11 marzo Media partner: intoscana.it alileo” Neuroestetica. Come il cervello percepisce l’arte Cinzia Di Dio, Università di Parma Informazioni e prenotazioni Andrea Pinotti, Università di Milano Tel. 055 2756444; [email protected] G Marco Ferrari (animatore), Focus (a partire dal 3 febbraio; lunedì-venerdì 9.00-17.00; sabato 9.00-13.00) febbraio - marzo • 20 marzo https://sites.google.com/site/compleannogalileo 15 20 2014 Lo spettacolo della scienza. Scienza e teatro La prenotazione è necessaria per tutte le attività del programma, tranne per le conferenze. Introduzione di Cinzia Belmonte, FormaScienza, Roma Performances di Zauberteatro e di Riccardo Pratesi, Museo Galileo Museo Galileo Piazza dei Giudici 1 E inoltre www.museogalileo.it • 13 febbraio Museo di Storia Naturale, Sezione di Zoologia “La Specola” Dai mosaici di Penrose ai ghiacciai siberiani: la straordinaria ricerca dei quasicristalli naturali Via Romana 17 - Ore 17.00, Museo di Storia Naturale, Sezione di Mineralogia e Litologia (via G. La Pira 4). www.msn.unifi.it Visita alle collezioni Il Giardino di Archimede–Un museo per la matematica - Ore 18.00, Aula Magna dell’Università (piazza San Marco 4). -
Passepartour 2019
PASSEPARTOUR 2019 FIRENZE OLTRARNO THE KEYS OF ACCESSIBILITY Florence is a world heritage site and as such it must be accessible to all, without exclusion. Florence welcomes people with physical disabilities due to an abundance of pedestrian areas and accessible historical and artistic sites. It is also unde- niable that some routes of the city-center - similar to many other historical cities throughout the world - may present some difficulties for people using wheelchairs: for example narrow streets, tiny sidewalks that are not easily passable or not homogeneous pavement. To address this problem and provide information on which paths are the best to follow for people with physical disabilities, the Municipality of Florence in collaboration with Kinoa Srl have designed and published this Guide. The PASSEPARTOUR project is made up of four volumes, each describing four different tourist itineraries "without barriers". In addition, the guide provides a map of the historical city-center, highlighting all the areas that can be navigated with complete autonomy, or with the support of a helper. In addition, Kinoa has developed the navigation app Kimap, which acts as a companion tool to the guide for the mobility of disabled people. Kimap can be downloaded for free on every smartphone: the app shows the most accessible path to reach your desired destination and is constantly updated. We hope that this project will contribute to improve the tourist experi- ence for those visiting our marvellous City, opening the doors to its extraordinary heritage. Cecilia Del Re Councilor for Tourism of the City of Florence Florence is a world heritage site and as such it must be accessible to all, without exclusion. -
The Cultural History of Art and Anatomy in Italy
Connecting Art and Science: The Cultural History of Art and Anatomy in Italy July 2015 – SDSU Study Abroad with Prof. Kevin Petti, Ph.D. Travel Plan Rome (4 nights) – Assisi – Florence (4 nights) – Bologna (2 nights) – Padua (2 nights) – Venice Sunday, July 12 – Rome: Welcome Dinner in the Historic center. Students arrive in Rome from the morning to early afternoon. Common private transfers from Fiumicino International Airport to the hotel. Introductory meeting with the group to discuss travel plan and safety explanation. Welcome Dinner in typical local restaurant. Dinner included. Private transportation. Monday, July 13 – Rome: Vatican Museums, Capuchin Crypt and afternoon Seminar. Private guided tour of the Vatican Museums including the Sistine Chapel, and St. Peter’s Basilica. Connect the works of the Renaissance masters with their understanding of the human body. In the afternoon, students meet in the hotel for a one-hour seminar. Following, students tour the ossuary-like shrines beneath the Santa Marie della Concezione. The bones of 4,000 friars that date back to the year 1500 are elaborately arranged. Students explore the role of the human body in religious expression by visiting these two venues. Public transportation. Tuesday, July 14 – Rome: Coliseum and Roman Forum, and Borghese Gallery. Private guided tour of the Coliseum and the Roman Forum with particular emphasis on the architectural and engineering advanced works, as well as the social and political life during the Roman Empire. In the afternoon visit of the Borghese Gallery that hosts some of the most important sculptures from Bernini, and others artworks from Canova, Caravaggio, Raphael and more. -
13 Astronomical Molecular Spectroscopy Timothy W
j377 13 Astronomical Molecular Spectroscopy Timothy W. Schmidt 13.1 The Giants Shoulders Stargazing, in its most primitive form, has entertained our species for hundreds of thousands of years. The ancients used knowledge of the positions of fixed stars as navigational aids and also recognized wandering stars (planets), comets, and novae. The astrolabe, an instrument for fixing the positions of stars, was invented in Greece some 2200 years ago. In medieval times, the positions of stars were of great importance to the Islamic world to indicate the correct times for prayer and the direction of Mecca, and the astrolabe was an important tool. Indeed, one of the 1) greatest observational astronomers, Tycho Brahe, performed his measurements without a telescope. He used a great mural quadrant, whereby stars were sighted through a slot in a wall with a tool attached to a 90 arc. Accurate measurements of the positions of stars and planets were made in this way, and they remained the most accurate until the introduction of well-built telescopes. Brahe died in 1601, passing 2) his legacy to Johannes Kepler, who had joined him as an assistant only a year before. Kepler continued to work with Brahes observations for a decade, during which he developed the laws of planetary motion for which he is most famous, and advanced 3) theories on geometric optics. Kepler was a contemporary of Galileo, who is credited with the development and improvement of the refractive telescope. Galileo observed the four largest moons of Jupiter and described the phases of Venus as being similar 4) to the Earths moon. -
Testo Completo
Università degli Studi di Ferrara DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN "MATEMATICA E INFORMATICA" CICLO XXVI COORDINATORE Prof. Mella Massimiliano L’INTERNAZIONALIZZAZIONE DEGLI STUDI MATEMATICI IN ITALIA A METÀ OTTOCENTO Settore Scientifico Disciplinare MAT / 04 Dottorando Tutore Dott. Nagliati Iolanda Prof. Borgato Maria Teresa ________________________ ___________________________ (firma) (firma) Anni 2011/2013 1 1 L’internazionalizzazione degli studi matematici in Italia a metà Ottocento Introduction p. 3 Introduzione 17 L’internazionalizzazione degli studi 21 I rapporti di Betti con studiosi stranieri: temi delle lettere Corrispondenti stranieri di Brioschi Corrispondenti stranieri di Tardy La situazione degli esuli: Mossotti da Corfù a Pisa 43 Il ritorno dall’esilio I primi anni dell’attività a Pisa e i rapporti con Betti Vicende politiche, organizzazione degli studi e della ricerca nella corrispondenza tra Brioschi e Tardy 59 L’organizzazione degli studi superiori Gli “Annali” Le equazioni algebriche di quinto grado 73 La teoria degli invarianti 81 Ricerche sui differenziali ad indice fratto 99 Le riviste scientifiche toscane nell’Ottocento 109 Documenti: Lettere di Giorgini a Mossotti 127 Lettere di Mossotti a Tardy 135 Lettere di Mossotti a Betti 139 Carteggio Brioschi-Tardy 191 Lettere a Betti di studiosi stranieri 285 Lettere a Tardy di studiosi stranieri 342 Lettere a Brioschi di studiosi stranieri 369 Bibliografia 371 1 2 Introduction The past few decades have seen several studies carried out by historians of mathematics on mathematics in the post unification period in Italy, further interest being recently stimulated by the celebration of 150 years since the Unification of Italy; this moment brought about a period of renewal of structures and infrastructures suitable for the new state, a sort of modernisation of the economy, which, at the same time, required a new institutional organisation on a national level for the scientific community, to carry on the work already started in the previous decades by single states, like Piedmont and the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. -
1 the Founding of Arcetri Observatory in Florence
THE FOUNDING OF ARCETRI OBSERVATORY IN FLORENCE Simone Bianchi INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi, 5, 50125, Florence, Italy [email protected] Abstract: The first idea of establishing a public astronomical observatory in Florence, Capital of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, dates to the mid of the 18th century. Initially, the use of a low building on a high ground was proposed, and the hill of Arcetri suggested as a proper location. At the end of the century, the Florence Observatory - or Specola - was built instead on a tower at the same level as the city’s centre. As soon as astronomers started to use this observatory, they recognized all its flaws and struggled to search for a better location. Giovanni Battista Donati, director of the Specola of Florence from the eve of the Italian Unification in 1859, finally succeeded in creating a new observatory: first, he obtained funds from the Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy to build an equatorial mount for the Amici 28-cm refractor, which could not be installed conveniently in the tower of the Specola; then, he went through the process of selecting a proper site, seeking funds and finally building Arcetri Observatory. Although Donati was a pioneer of spectroscopy and astrophysics, his intent was to establish a modern observatory for classical astronomy, as the Italian peninsula did not have a national observatory like those located in many foreign capitals – Florence was the capital of the Kingdom of Italy from 1865 to 1871. To promote the project, Donati made use of writings by one of the most authoritative European astronomers, Otto Wilhelm Struve.