West Bengal , ... Bankura and Purulia

Home , Bankura, Purulia, Purulia district

ISS 0375- 5

Rec. zool. Sura. India: 113(Part-4): 167-179, 2013

F S ' DIV -RSITY IN TWO SOU -HWES E ' N D S RIC S OF WEST BENGAL ,... BANKURA AND PURULIA

,CHAYAN ROyl, K.K. V ASSl, B.C. PATRA1 AND A. K. SANYAL' lCentral Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata-120 lAquaculture Research Unit, Department ofZool~gy, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore-l02 3Zool~gical survey oflndi~, New Alipore, Kolkata-53

INTRODUC- ON ENVIS (2007) has reported that state The area lies in between the latitudes of possesses 1'71 fresh wate fishes. This region 22°44'4"-23°441411 North and longitudes of consists of more than 100 smal and medium 85044114'11-85°44"4" East, ,cov,ering an area of 13232 reservo' /tank (> Oha) ainly util'zed for kn{ It is situated in the lower parts of upper irrigation and to generate hydroelectric power, ridges ,at right flank of Damodar Riv'er in West ,- ese are serv~ng as home-gt,ound o · v,ar'etles of Bengal. Once known as #Jangale mahal'l cover indigenous fishes. Many of them a.re not r,ecorded befo 'e and are going to ded'lle from the~ stock with thick mixed dense forest mainly sal (Sfw~ea robusta), palas (Butia monosperma), and ber As parts of W,est Bengal wher,e peop e are I' (Ziziphus zuzubt) in unev,en terrain land. general depend upon fish.l pressure to water regime increasing day after day. 'The Drainage system is mainly controlled by Damodar, Dwarakeswar and the Kangsabati river Very tiew literatures have been made on fish along with their network of tributaries and its diversity from this region. According to Bhatt et. feeder channels, sloping in south 'east direction. al., (2001) '9 species w'ere identified from Kest-o The ,courses of the principal rivers are Bazar nalla of district Purulia. Mishr,a et ,ai., (2009) appvoximately parallel to each other,. Silabati (56 reported that 25 species of fishes belonging to 18 km.), popularly known as Silai is the largest genera, 7 families under the order Siluriformes tributary of Dwarakeswar, Joypanda (44 km) is have been recorded from different freshwater and br,ackish water wetlands of South West Bengal. ~he principal tributa.ry of the Silabati. Kangsabati which rises in the hjlly t-errain ,of Jhalda block in Mukherjee and Praharaj (2009) l'eported that 47 species have been recorded from Kan,gsaboti ~he district of uruJia enters B~nkura district in Khatra block. It has flows south ,easterly for a reservoir which is situated in between Bankura distance of about 56 kID. across the southern part and Purulia dtstrict, of the district and enters Midnapore district at ~he MATERIALS AND METHODS south east co ner. Some other riv ,ers and Field survey w'ere conducted duritll;g the tributaIies, like Gandheswa.ri, Sali (74 km.), period from 2005-2008 through sample s~ey Arkasha.l Birai (30 km.), Bodai ( 6 km.), Dan,gra from randomly selected locations based on the etc. plays an important role in the district's thematic map and database of the study area. irrigation ,and drainage systems. All the rivers are Total 625 numbers of closed w,ater bodies and 37 seasonal hence the region is drou,ght prone. sites in 2 main river systems w,ere investigated.

Keyword: Fish diversity, Thr-eatened species~ Fish distribution. 168 Rec. zool. Surv. India

Especially large closed water bodies ,and deep Collected fish samples were preserved in 4 % pool in river system had been surveyed which formalin for d,etailed ,examination and shows maximum diversity of fishes. identification w,as done by following the The specimens were collected using different methodologies after Talwar and Jhingran, 1991 types of fishing methods such as ,cast nets, gill and Jayaram, 1'999. Oassification has been done nets, drag nets, scoop nets and other tools like use on the basis of FishBase (2009). As colour loss is of U Changi" (living murr,e1 fish used at the end of rapid, accurate descriptions of ,colour patterns fishing line with hook ,and hang just on the surface were recorded by photography. Fishes were of deep running water by strong bamboo whip to identified to species level except for juveniles. trap Chital, Boal) especially for carnivorous fishes RESULTS and techniques like use of USand build trap'" (a) FishspeciesriclUless (small parts of running stretch bounded by small wall sand bundh so that fish can jump to fall on From the study are·a 100 species of fish were sand bun dh, openIng by small mouth reco ded (Table-l). Study shows that high species downw,ar-ds and after certain time mouth dosed richness blocks w,ere found at Banl5ha was with 87 numbers of markets were also surveyed. showed high richness of fish species and an area

Table-I: Roooroed------fish--- fauna--- - - from- - the-- - study ,area (After Fishbase- , 20(9) F,amily Species Local Name I

Ambassidae Chanda nama (Hamilt-on, 1822) I Chandkor,a Parambassis ran~a (Hamilton, 1822) Chandkor,a Parambassis Lala (Hamilto~ 1822) Lal chandkora I Anabantidae Anabas test-udineus Bloch, 1792) ~oi I Anguillidae A~guilla bengalensis bengalensis (Gray, 1831) Moula Badidae Badls badis (Hamilton, 1822) Kaloputi Dane Dario (Hamilton, 1822) LaJputi Bagridae Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822) Ritha Hemibagrus menoda (Hamilton, 1822) Sperata aor (Hamilton, 1822) Ao!" Sperat4 seenghala (Sykes, 1839) Aor Mystus c-avasius (Hamilton" 1822) Pat Tallgra Mystus bleekeri (Day, 1,877) Tangra Gagata ,cenia (Hamilton, 1822) Belonidae Xenentodon candia (Hamilton, 1822) Gangdar-a Chamlidae C1uznn4 punctata (Bloch" 1793) Letha Channa orientalis (Bloch ,and Schneider, 1801) Chang Channa striata (Bloch, 1793) Sol Chann4 gachua (Hamilton, i822) SisirCheng

Channa marulius (Hamilton, 1822) I Sal Cichlidae Oreochromis mossambica (peters, 1852) Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus nilo,ticus (Linnaeus, 1758) Nilontega Qariidae ,Qarias batrachus (Linnaeus" 1758) Magu Clarias g,ariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Hybrid magur Clupeidae Gudusia cJurpra (Hamilton, 1822) Khoira Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilto~ 1822) llish I ROY et. ai. : Fish Diversity in Two South-western Districts of West Bengal 169

Family Species Local Name Cobitidae Somileptus gongota (Hamilton, 1822) fossils geto AcanthoctJUitis botia (Hamilton-T 1822) Geto Botia whachata (ChaudhuIi, 1912) BagayaGeto Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822) Geto Balitoridae Schistura beavani (GUnther, 1868) Chalkura Schistura carica (Hamilton, 1822) Salg-eta Cyprinidae Labeo pangusia (Hamilton, 1822) Kalbasu Osreobrama c>otio C,otio (Hamilton, 1822) Dhela/ adna Piaractus brachypomus CCuvier(1818) Piranha Danio ?:ario (Hamilton, 1822) Uli Puntius sarana (Hamilton, 1822) Sarputi . abeo g~nius (Hamilton, 822) Bata Rilsbora rashoTa (Hamilton, 1822) Darke Megarasbora elanga (Hamilton-T 1822) Darka Labeo fimbriatus (Bloch, 1795) Rui Labeo dyocheilus (McQeIland.. 1839) Laceo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822) Kalbos Salmostoma bacaila (Hamilton, 1822) Chua Securicula gora (Hamilton, 1822) Chua Barilius baNul (Day, 1865) Pera Barilius banla (Hamilton, 1822) Pera Barilius bendelisis (Hamilton, 1807) Haldepera Puntius t-icto (Hamilton, 1822) Titputi Barbus teno (Hamilton, 1822) Puti Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822) Bara Puti Aplocheilus panchax (Hamilton, 1822) Techokha Barilus vagrn (Hamilton, 1822) Pera Puntiu$ conchonius (HamiltoD-I 822) Puti es011lus danricus (Hamilton, 1822) Darke Aspidoparia morar (Hamilton, 1822) Chira

Aspidoparia jay,a (Hamiltonl 1822) Chua Crossocheilus lanus latius (Hamllton, 1822) Simsuti Eutropiichthys murius (Hamilton, 1822) Bacha Labeo boga (Hamilton, 1822) Bata Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) Rui Catla catla '(Hamilton, 1822) Katla Cirrmn.us cirrhosus (Blo~ 1795) Mirik Ctenopharyngodon idella (ValencielUles, 1844) Grasscap Cyprinus carpio carp,io (Linnaeus, 1758) Sypon Hypophtfuzlmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) Silv'ercap Aristichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1845) Bricate Amblyopharyngodcln mala (Hamilton, 1822) Mour,ala ~gunius chagunio (Hamilton, 1807) Dekar Garra ,lamta (Hamilton, 1822) Pathar ,chata Labeo dero (Hamilton, 1822) Nadinrui Osteochilus nashii (Day, 1869) Puntius amphibious l(Valendennes, 1842) Bara Puti En,graulidae Setipinna phasa (Hamilton, 1822) Phasa

GlossogobiU$ giuris ~ ,amilton" 1822) Bele, Bhelso Brachygobius nunus (Hamilton, 1822) Bhelso Heteropneustidae Hete.ropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) Singi Mastacembelidae Mast4cembelus armat-us (Laoepede, 1800) Ban Macrognathus pancalus ( amilton" 1822) Penkal Macmgnathus ,guentheri (Day" 1865) Penkal 170 Rec. zoot Sura. India

Family Species Local Name

Macrognathus , a~al (Bloch" 1786) Penkal Amblycipitidae Aml1lyceps mangois l(ffiLmilton-l 1822) Jia Mugllidae Rhinomugil corsula (Hamilton, 1822) KeklaJi mach andidae Nandus nflndu$ (Hamilton, 1,822) Nados otopteridae Chitaifl chitala (Hamilton, 1822) Chitol Notopterus rwtcpterus (pallas, 1769) Folw Osphronemidae Colisa fasciala (Bloch and Schneider, 80 ) Kholse CoUsa lalia (Hamilton, 1822) Kholse

Pangasiidae Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton, 1822) Pan,gus I Schilbeidae Silonia silondia (Hamilton, 1822) Vacha Eutrapiichthys vachn (Hamilton, 1822) Bacha Ailia coila (Hamilton, 1.822) Banspata Clupiosoma garua (Hamilton, 1822) Bacha Siluridae Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch, 1'794) Pabda Ompok paba (Ham.-Buch.) Pabd~ Ompok pabda (Ham. -Buch. 1822) Pabda Wallago attu (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) Boal

Sisoridae Ba:~arius bagarius Hamilton, 1822) Ritha Glyptothorax dorsalis (Vinciguerra, 1890) Te suti I Synbr,anchidae Monopterus cuchia (Hamilton, 1822) Cuche of O.40-5.0ha ,otably showed low richness of fish were identified ,as commercially important, 21 species and were usually used for ,culture based cat fish, 10 ornam,ental fish, 41 exclusively fisheries in this region. Since river and rivulets of riverine and 69 threatened fishes (Table~5). this region are seasonal in natuJ1e fish species From this region 69 species (Table~6) had been richness were maximum shown in patches of identified as thr,eatened on IUeN ,criteria of 'daha' area (deep pool in river path). Near about which 51 were identifi,ed as locally threat,ened 48 species were recorded from different stretch species. Study reveals that fish richness in survey during survey period (Table~2). Purulia was lower in comparison to Bankura. Fishes w,ere distributed under 9 orders and 26 (Table4). families (Table-3) in this region of which Study showed that in Bankura district Onda, Cyprinidae family was the most common «42) of Raipur, Bishnupur, Kotolpur, Barjora and all and single species belong,ed to family Bankura~I were the most cultural Block whelle as Anabantidae, Anguillidae, Belonidae, Oupeidae, Purulia~I, Purulia~n, Kashipllr, Raghunathpur~I Mugilidae, Heteropneustidae, N andidae, and II .of Purulia district was the most cultural Pangasiidae, Synbranchidae and Engraulidae. As block in this region. From this I1e,gion 3 Indian per IUCN categories in species level, out of 26 major carp alo~g with 3 exotic carps (H. malitm, families 21 families welle under threat (in Indian C. carpio and C. idella) were scientifically cultured. context) of which Cyprinidae was the most Among riverine fishes Barilius barna, WaIlago attu, leading family followed by Siluridae and Sp,er,ata aor, Labe,o bog,a, B,arilius b,ende lisis,

Bagaridae. Block wise family distribution of fish Brachyg,obius nunuSf Amblyceps mangois ,and show'ed maximum div,ersity in the blocks Onda Acanthocobitis bona w'ere found in maximum sites

(25), Hirbundh (24)1 Raipur «24), Ranibundh (26)1 W I ere,as Chitala chi tala, Pan,gasius pangasius,

Bar,aba2at (24) ,and Manhazar-II (24) (Table-4), Nandus nandus, Ailia oailaf Silonia silondia, Osteobr.ama cotio cotio were found in least sited Qualitativ@ study of fin fish showed that areas (Table-2). categorically out of 100 species, 47 species tr. ., ~ ::t > 10) £ q' ~~E: ~ t ~ r r r i: i· ~ . r ~ , '" it i' ..~ ~",""-, ~' b, ~g- ~f~-- f ~, f' ~li:-' it ~ ,~I' , ~IJ ~ ::! t it ~ . ~ ~ ~ i l:t t ~ ... ;:- ~ ~. ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ . i ~ §"~ ~i· I§' ~.. I ~ ~ f 2"1. ~ ~ . a ~ . if r it' i! ~.,. ~ r if'" if c. 1 ~ I Ispeciec: ~ I it i ~ '" ~ [ t:n + 1+ 1+ 1+ + + 1+ 1+ + + + + 1+ + 1+ + lPaila ghat CIl ::r' + 1+ ... + 1+ 1+ 11+ .. + ... I. I + I + I . IW·oykristttiapw bd,g a: .. I. I . 1+ + 1+ I. 1+ + + + .. 11+ 1+ + I. 1+ 1+ 1+ lPrakashghat ~ ~ .... 1+ 1+ + + 1+ 1+ 1+ + + 1+ + .... 1+ + 1+ 1+ .... I _ I + I + 1+ IlRajgram bds a. ::so + 1+ H ... + 1+ 1+ 1+ + + + + 1+ + I + I ... Ilcamidya II · ~ p.. .. 1+ 1+ 1+ .. + 1+ 1+ 1+ + + 1+ + .. 1+ + 1+ 1+ .. I + I ... I + 1+ jRaitPur bd,g !=i;; ~ + 1+ 1+ 1+ + + 1+ 1+ 1+ + + 1+ + + 1+ + 1+ 1+ + I + I + I + 1+ IGuli\iadah I"'l ..,.~ + 1+ ,. II'" + 1+ 1+ + I ... 1+ 1+ 1+ IPa-rkul (I)

: I: I: 1+I + I+ I1+ I1+ I1+ 1+ I I + I + 1+ I1+ I+ I1+ 1+ I.... I + 1I + I + 11+ CIIDDalUK-H__Kbupadaha ~ :;rR" . ~~ ~ + 1+ 1+ 1+ + + 1+ 1+ 1+ + + + + 1+ + 1+ + + 1+ .. + + + + 1+ 1+ 1+ + .. 1+ + 1+ + ~-+--+--+--+--+--~~~~~~~-+--+--+--~-r~~~~~~~--~-;--+------~~I: + 1+ 1+ 1+ + 1+ , . 11+ + + + 1+ + 11+ + I + 1+ Ijvlwukgorya .ghat + ~. .. 1+ 1+ 1+ .. + ...... + .. 1+ ... 1+ + I + I + I + I ,.. lMaht$di, Keraalpur + 1+ 1+ ~ + I + I... I + I.. jM.otbana PuUdtdah ::r' .. 1+ 1+ 1+ + ... 1+ 1+ 1+ +- + + .. 1+ ... 1+ p.. ~. .. 1+ 1+ 1+ + + 1+ 1+ 1+ .. ... 1+ + 1+ 1+ lBagjuri 6'. '" tT' + 1+ 1+ 1+ + 1+ Y+ + + + 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ IlGoton s:c:r. .. 1+ 1+ 1+ + ... 1+ + + + + 1+ jGima seN g .. + + 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ + I, + + IjAmakoAda

+ 1+ + 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ + .... + jKbatnap

+ + 1+ H 1+ 1+ 1+ 14' 1+ 1+ 1+ + 1+ 1+ + Iii + I + I + I + 1+ tsillabou bdg Simlapal + ... 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ + 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ IBlkrampurdah

... + + + + + + jLakhyasol bdg + I· + + + 1+ + 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ + I + I + Isatsinga

+ + + 11+ 1+ + + 1+ + Ilcamarlwri

+ + + + 1+ 1+ + 1+ 1+ 1+ + Ijwss Amba.san. Kapism

+ + .... + 1+ + + + 1+ 1+ + I .... jIWap~t1w + + ... 1+ 1+ ~ + + .+ jKhetropal Brid,ge .. + 1+ 1+ H+ 1+ ... + 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ lBaMbera + + 1+ ... + 1+ 1+ + + 1+ 1+ + 1+ H+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ + lPairachafi

+ 1+ 1+ 1+ , . 1+ 1+ 1+ + I , I ., II , I ... I + I + I . I + 1+ IlBudhpUl bdg to ManbaiU1

+ 1+ I " 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+1'" 1+ 1+ + I ... 1+ 1+ 1+ 11+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ lKochahathBdg

.. I - 1+ I. 11+ + I , I " I + II I " I • I • I + I . IMmipur Majhi kuli + + + 1+ + 1+ + 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ lnatipaJiar

+ ... + 1+ 1+ ... • 1+ + + jArkuapole

+ + + + ... 1+ 1+ + 1+ IDwarsbd bdg

+ + + ... 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ + 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ jlwmardihkhaJ

~ ~ ti I: ~ I ~ !::t ~ U~ t7! I.Q ~ ~ tl 1= I ~ I I ~ I ~ I ~ ti ~ ~ ~ Itrotal

III reju~g -lSaM.Jo SP!llSJQ WalSClM-tpnOS O~L tIl Ans.raA1G llS!tI : '1V '13 AO~ + + • + • + + I + + • + ... • + + + + • + • + 32 + '*' ...... + ...... + I ...... + + ...... + + ... + ... + 32 ... ;...... I ...... '" ...... + ... .. I ...... Gara1.amftl '*' '" '*' 2S ...... I ... 25 Os1eochilus rul$hii + + • + +. + + + + + • • • • • + ... • + • ... '. +. • ... + + 29 Puntiu8 amphibius + + + + ... + + + + ... + 19 • '. + '. • • + + + • + + • + • + • + + • + + • • + + • + + + + + + + '7 Siltmia silondia ++ + + + + + + + 9 ++ + + + + + ... + +++ + +++ + + + + + 21

AiliRcoi1.a + + + + + + I . + + + 9 ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 21

IOmpok bimaculatus ... + .... + ...... I ... + ... .. + . I . + ... '. 15 WallaRQ ,atm + ... + + + ,+ ... + ... + +++ ,+ +++ + + ... + ...... + ++ + + ... + ...... +3'7 + + + + ... + + ... + + + I + + ... + + + ... + ...... + + + + ... + • + + + 32 Bagarius bagarius + + + + + ,+ + ... + + + + + ++ + + + + + + ... + + ...... 26 Glyptotiwmx ,dorsalis + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + ... 15 Labeo fimbriatus ... '*' + ...... + + '" + ...... '*' ... 25 Nandus ntmdus • • + • + + • ... . . I . + · - + + + -- + · 4 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ... + + + ... + + ...... I ... 28 Anguilla bengalensis + ...... + ... .. + ...... + ... + ,. + ...... + + ... + 23 Badisbadis ...... '*' ...... '" ... '" ...... '" ...... 22 33 24 36 42 27 4746 33 26 ,37 28 32 41 41 ,32 24 20 40 4S 18 15 18 22 16 26 39 23 12 17 20 17 36 ROY et. ai. : Fish Div,ersity in Two South-western Districts of West Bengal 173

T, abi, e"'l: 3 FI,amil lywlse . fish sp€lCliesm. th; es tud, lyarea Family Nos. Family Nos. I I

Amhassidae I 3 Cyprinidae 42 I 1 2 Amblycipitidae I Gobiidae I Anabantidae 1 Heteropneustidae 1 I I Anguillidae 1 Mastacembelidae 4 I I Bagridae '7 'andidae 1 B_ :to 'dae 2 otopter,' dae 2 Belonidae 1 Ospbronemjdae 2 Chanmdae 5 Pangasiidae 1 Cichlidae Schilbeidae 2 4 I Clarlidae 2 Siluridae 4 Clupeidae 2 Sisoridae 2 I I Cobitidae 4 Synbranchidae 1

Mugilidae I 1 Engraulidae 1 Badidae 2 I TabIe-4: Family wise fish distribution at block levels (Bankura and Purulia) Distribution of fish species BaDkura Purulia

Block 1 Block Famllynos I Family nos. Bankura-I 22 Arsha 21

Bankura-ll I 18 Bagmundi 15 Brujor,a 19 Balarampur 16 Bishnupur 22 Barabazar 24 Chattna 20 Bundwan 16

OaIlgajal Gb ati I 21 Hu ra 15 Hirbundh 24 Jaypur 16 Inddus 16 Jhalda-I 18 Indpur 22 Jhalda-II 20 J ,oypur 20 Kashipur 22 Khatra 23 Manbazar-I 20 &otalpur 20 Manbazar-I1 24 Mejia 20 Neturia 20 Onda 25 Para 16 Patrasayer 18 Puncha 18 Raipur 24 Purulia-I 22

Ranibundh 26 Purulia~II 22

Saltora 22 I Raghunath Pur~I 15 Sarenga 22 Raghunath Pur-II 23

Simlapal 20 I Santuri 18 Sonamukhi 18 Taldangra 20 174 Rec. zoot Surv. Indw

Table-5 : Different categories of fish in the study area

Sl,Nol Species IUCN I 1 Xenen,todon candIa (Ham. ~Buch . ) LRnt 2 Wallago attu (Schneider) -- LRnt 3 Silonia silcmdia (Ram.-Buch.) -- LRnt 4 Semiplotu8 ,semipZQtus (McClelland) -- VU- (Ale; Bl, 2ab) 5 Salm

., Rhinomugil corsu.la (Ham.~Buch.) ~~ VU ' ~ (Alacd)

8 Puntius ucto (Ham.~Buch.) ~- LRnt

'9 Puntius teria (Ham . ~Buch. ) ~~ LRnt 10 Puntius sophore (Ham.-Buch.) - LRnt 11 Puntius sar:ana sarana (Ham.-Buch.) -- VU - (Al acd) 12 Pangasius pangasius (Ham.-Bueh.) -- CR - (Alabed) 13 Osteobr~ma eono cotio (Ham.-Buch.) --LRnt 14 Channa gachua (Bloch

17 Notop,terus notopterus (Pallas) ~~ LRnt 18 Notopterus chilata (Ham.-Buch.) -- EN - (A1abcd, 2cd) 19 Nemacheilus guentheri (Day) - LIDc 20 Nemacheilus corica (Ham.-Buch.) -- LRnt

21 I Nemflchei,lu5 bolla (Ham.-Buch.) -- LRnt 22 MYS,tU5 vittatus (Bloch) - VU , ~ (Alacd) 23 Nandus nandus (Ham.~Buch.) - LRnt

24 Mystus cavasius (Ham.~Buch.) ~~ LRnt

25 MYS,tu5 bleekeri (Day) - VU - (Alacd) I

26 Mcmopterus cuchia (Ham.-Buch.) - LRnt I 27 Macmgnathus pancalus (Ham.-Buch.) - LRnt 28 Labeo rohita (Ham.-Buch.) -- LRnt --- 29 Labeo pangusia (Ham.-Buch.) -- LRnt--- 30 !Abeo kontius (Jerdon) ~~ EN - (Bl, 2c) 31 !Abeo ganius (Ham.~ Buch . ) ~~ LRnt

32 Labeo fimbriatus (Bloch) ~~ LRnt 33 Labeo ,dyocheilus (McOelland) -- VU - (A1acd) 34 !.abeo ,dero (Ham.-Buch.) -- VU - (Alacd) 35 Labeo calbasu (Ham.-Buch.) -- LRnt 36 Labeo boga (Ham.-Buch.) -- LRnt 37 Labeo bata (Ham.-Buch.) -- LRnt 38 Hilsa ilisha (Ham. ~Buch,) ..... VU . ~ (Alacd)

39 Heteropneus.tes foss-iUs (Bloch) ~~ VU - (Alacd) 40 Gudusia chapra (Ham. ~Buch.) ~~ LIDc 41 Glossgobius giuris (Ram.-Buch.) - LRnt 42 Eufr,opiichthys vacha (Ham.-Buch.) - EN - (Alabcd, 2bcd) ROY et. ai. : Fish Div,ersity in Two South-western Districts of West Bengal 175

Table-'6 Threatened fishes in the study area (after CAMP~ 199B)

S1. Nol Species IUCN I 43 Eut7lOpiichthys murius (Ham.-Buch.) -- LRnt 44 Esamus danricus (Ham.eBuch.) eeLRk 45 Crossocheilus latius laNus (Ham.eBuch.) ~DD 46 CoUsa Jasciatus (Bloch and Schneider) ~LRnt

47 Oupisoma garua (H.am.~Buch.) ~ VU ee (Alacd, 2cd) 48 Oarias batrachus (Linnaeus) -- YU - (A acd) 49 Cirrhinu.s reba (Ham.-Buch.) -- vu - (A abed, 2cd) 50 Cirrhinus mrigala (Ha.ID.-Buch) -- LRnt 51 Cirrhinus cirrhosus (Bloch) -- VU - (Bl, 2c) 52 Chann~ striatus (Bloch) -- LRle 53 Channa ,punctatus (Bloch) ~LRnt

54 Channa orientalis (Bloch ,and Schneider) ~ VU ee (Alacd) 55 Channa marulius (Ham.~Buch . ) ~LRnt 56 Catla ,catla (Ham.-Buch.) -- VU-- (Alacde) 57 Botia lohacha-ta (Chandhuri) -- E - (Bl, 2c) 58 Barilius vagra (Ham.-Buch.) -- YU - (Ala, 1c) 59 .Barilius bendelisis (Ham.-Buch.) -- LRnt 60 Bar-ilius bakeri (Day) -- VU - (Alacd) ,61 Bagarius bagarius (Ham.-Buch.) -- VU- (Alacd)

,62 Aspidoparia morar (Ham.,Buch.) ~LRnt 63 Aspidoparia jaya (Ham.,Buch.) ~ VU ~ (Alacd) I 64 Aplocheilus panchax (Ham.-Buch.) ~DD 65 Anguilla beng,alensis (Gray) -- EN (Alacd; '61, 2c) 66 Anabas ,testudineus (Bloch) -- VU - (Alacd)

67 Amhlypharyn;godcn mola (Ham.-Buch.) -- LRlc I ,68 Amhlyceps mangois (Ram.-Bum.) -- LRnt I ,69 Ailia oolia (Ham.-Buch.) -- VU - (Alabed, 2bcd) I

VU ;;;; Vulnerablei LRnt ;;;; Lower Risk neaJ tlueatened; LRlc ;;;; Lower R1Sk least ooncern; EN ;;;; EndCLngeredi CR - Critically end~gered; NE = Not Evaluated 'The d.istribution of the most common species river and only oocasionally in some of the creek - Barilius sp., Puntius sp., Danio sp. and few loaches where mudd.y substance remain with rocky were recorded in river system where as some substance. N. chitala was caught only once in the selected species with few weed fishes tound in Kangsaboti river during post monsoon season by every water body. These situations w·ere the typical fishing bait called HChan,gi" usin,g associat,ed with the onset of the dry season in small murrel fish at the tip of fishing line with Mwch when the flow declined ,end and to the fishing hooks in the night. N. Chitala never found middle stretch of the river or going to dry the in the Darkeswar river since last 10 years dosed water system. The fish species examined (personal communication with fisherman at were distributed throughout the study ar'ea and different str,etches). were found in all the larger tributaries and dosed However river Darkeswar has no obstacle water body. The rarest species M.cuchia ,and A. (dam/bundh) in the running ,course. A number of anguila, which were not usually found in the main diadromus fishes e.g. Tenualasa sp.~ Eutropichthys 176 Rec. zoot SUrl}. Indw sp., Spfrrata SP'I Bagarius sp. and .other cat fishes found in this r@gion. Few anandromus and were located at the tip .of this river during diad~omus fishes through migration come across monsoon. But in Kangsaboti such kind of fishes the river during monsoon that capture affects the are not frequently located on the upper riches of economic profit to bank dwelling fisher. the reservoir. It might be that some of these fishes Familial distribution of Ereshwat-er fishes is were present here previously or might have remarkably .good enough in comparison to state migrated. (Kar .et ,al., 2000; Prasad ,et ,al., 2002). 100 species DISCUSSIO under 26 families under '9 orders have been The study reveals that 100 species have been recorded froOm this region of which the recorded from this region , compar~d to 171 fresh Cyprinidae family is the most predominant water species in the state (ENVlS report, 2007). It (CAMP, 1998, Reyjol.etal., 2007). Finally 8 families demonstrat'€s that a great diversity of fishes has were representing ea,ch only one species been J1evealed from this region, some of them like (Synbranchidae, Pangasiidae, Heteropneustidae, Glyptothor:ax dorsalis, Schistura corica ,and Schistura Mugilidae, Oupeidae, BeloOnidae, Anguillidae in bevani haue not been ~ecorded previously.. and Anabantidae) .. Maximum threat found Cyprinidae (family 14 nos.) and catfish group. The first step in coOnservation of biodiversity is Similar findings have also been r-eported by other toO assess the dive sity of natural r,esources present woOrkers (Hossain et al., 2008; ,chakrabarti et aI., and identify t1hose, which aIe important and most 2009). In the present study, maximum family was ~ I,eplaceable (Groombridge .& Jenkins 1998). recorded in Bankura district (26). Accordmg to Areas that are rich in djversity for these species Heda (2009) the varieties are ,commonly found in are assumed to be I ich in generaL natural system like river Channels and reservoir 'The absence 'of some important fishes (B. rather than in ponds and tanks. This may be due to bagarius S. senghala, C. chitala and S. tWr) fvom these natur,alness of the ecosyst-em. river syst-ems and nearby reservoirs shoOwsgreat Analysis shows that the blocks with high fish variability in species composition ego presence of richness are found at Bankura due to suitable carnivoroOus fishes declines of the population condition for their div,ersity e.g. middle stretch of small fish groups as it seen in frequently river Kangsaboti and Dark,eswar. Similar Kangsaboti river where as it is reverse in observations were also made by (Mishra et al., Darkeswar river. This may be due to a shift in 2009, MukheI'Jee et al., 2005). Further Kangsaboti hydrological regime through river regulation, reservoir shows great diversity of fish richness oObstruction t"O free movement of fish, pollution, or and this district acts as a buffer zone in this re,gion. change in landscape use. Large water body shows high richness of fish Reservoir, river and in stJIealll naturalness is species in comparison to small water bodies. more co cise to natural b eeding fishes W i ,ere as Small water bodies are usually used for culture artificial stocking of selected species in ponds and based fisheries in this region. Some fishes like C. tanks not happen f equently. For running water chitala, O. pabda, G. dorsalis decline ste,adily and are system middle stretch of the river, reservoir and likely to disappear. Similar observations were 'daha' (deep pool in the path of ;'v'er, col oqu~a1 also made by other workers (Menon, 1989; term used in Bankura and Purulia) has been Yadav,a and Chandra, 1994; Prasad, 1994i Das, selected where maximum number of fis species 1998; Mishra et ,aI., 2001a,b,c; Mukherjee ,et aI.; has been assembled after monsoon. These water 2002; Mishra.et al., 2009) from this region. Sixty bodies are the prime source of water as well as nine (69) of 227 species as classified in ruCN survival for wild varieties of fishes in this region. criterial 2003 (CAMP, 1998) except Cirrhinus Qualitatively Cyprinidae are the most mrigala ,and Cirrhinus cirrhosus is the same species common and Anguillldae are moOst rave family as described in Fishbase and 39 of 83 at state level ROY et. ai. : Fish Div,ersity in Two South-western Districts of West Bengal 177

2OV'

Nl3'O'O"

(Mukherjee et. al., 2002; West Bengal Doc on are earlier not feported has been revealed from NBSAP, 2003; Ghosh, 2007; State report, 2005) this region. Out of 171 species known from West species hav.e been identified ,as threatened. 'This Bengal 100 species have been found which might demonstrates that this region is definitely ,an ,area be more than 58.4 % of the ~otal fresh w,ater fish to be preserved. Currently 51 of 69 species have diversity in the state. In this region 47 species ar'e been detected as locally threat-ened species. As bein-S commercially important, 10 are categorized more and more swveys ",rill be conducted in this under ornamental fishes, 21 under catfish, 41 ar'e r,egion much more inform,a tion on these exclusively riverine fishes and 51 species have tbr,eatened fishes will be revealed. been identified 10cally thr,eatened species. Some of whic are already nationally established; Certain species are not reco~ed as hill stream fishes but their ada ptive nature compare to FishBase in oontext to India it is only (developing adaptive organs) has enabled them to 17%. A considerable number of 26 fish families be r,eferred to as hilly variety. Possibly the have been identified. Maximwn fish diversity junction between hilly steps of Purulia merged found in Bankura district because of edge effects into alluvial plain of Bankura make an edge and suitable c imatic conditions. effects in the westem parts of Bankura where a The fish fauna in the region considered number of algae feeder and sucker fishes living presently is highly diverse with an ,estimated year after year, such fishes are rare in other rivers ,cumulative total of 100 species. 'The diver;sity of and streams in this region. freshwater fish species in the region was CONCLUSION Significantly related to the ,adjoining land and cha.rmel of the different parts of this region. This is Identifying fish diversity is a vital SOUJ.1ce of to be explained better if rivers and reservoirs are fish information. A larg,e number 'of species which s\lI'Veyed systematically. 178 Rec. zoot Surv. Indw

SUMMARY under threat and are not recorded earlier. Some The Bankura and Purulia districts lying in the fishes exhibit special adaptive features to surviv,e south western part of West Bengal, is considered in this ~egion. Maximum fish diversity was found asaheavenofsweetw,aterresouroes/nourishinga in the adjoining parts ,of both districts wheve variety of fresh water fishes. Due to adverse undulating terrain merge into fluvial plains condition of this region intensive sUIvey t"O reveal which might be an edge ,effect of this area. District information on fish div,ersity was not done earlier. Bankura shows highest number of 100 fish species During 2005-2008 a sample survey was conducted wher~ as in Purulia 88 species. 69 species weve to inventorise fin fishes and nea.1'ly 100 species identified as threatened on the basis of CAMP r~port (1998) of which 51 were detected as locally under 26 famjlies were rec~rded from 625 nos. of dosed w,ater bodjes and 37 nos. ,of stretch under 2 threatened. main river systems. Many of these fishes are REFERENCES Bhatt, J. P., Jain, A., Bhaskar, A. and Pandit, M. K. 2001. Pre", impoundment study of btotic communities of Kistobazar NalainPurulia, West Bengal. Current science, 81(10):1332",1337. CAMP reportl 1998. Fresh water fishes of India. In: Malurl S. and WalkerI S. (ed). Lucknowl 22-26

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Manuscript receiv.ed : 23"()7 .. 2010; Accepted: 30-07":2013