Introduction to Ayurveda
Ayurveda is a conjugated term. It contains two words. They are “Ayu” and “Veda”.
Meaning of Ayu is span of life
Meaning of Veda is knowledge.
Science Ayurveda is an ancient medical science dispensing knowledge of status of living body and measure of life span of life.
Ayu is span of life from birth to death. Science, which comprises knowledge of span of life and perception of status of living body, is called Ayurveda.
Span of life is dependent on living style one adopts. Adaptation of wrong living style, one has to face miseries and sorrows. Right habits lead to healthy and comfortable life. Science of Ayurveda is one , which teaches learner how to increase span of healthy life.
Ayurveda is the branch of Vedic science, which deals with the physical body besides yoga, meditation, astrology, etc. herbal medicine, dietetics, physiology, surgery, psychology, spirituality etc. are included in Ayurveda under Ashtanga Ayurveda.
Advice to lead good life and avoid bad life styles is read whereas diagnosis and treatment of disease is well proposed in science of Ayurveda.
Aim of Ayurveda:
Aim of Ayurveda is to serve two purposes to mankind.
They are as follows:
This science intends to maintain the health of a healthy person.
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This science also intends to cure a diseased person and to help to maintain his healthy state. Ayurvedic medicine consists of various natural herbs and minerals and are rapidly gaining acceptance all over the world. Ayurveda today is part of a new movement toward a global medicine that includes the best developments from all lands.
Astanga ayurveda
There are eight major branches of Ayurveda included under Ashtanga Ayurveda : Surgery (Shalya), ENT with Ophthalmology (Shalakya), Medicine (Kaya), Psychiatry (Bhoota ) Gynecology, Obstetrics and Pediatrics (Kaumara), Medical jurisprudence and toxicology (Agada), Gerontology (Rasayan) and Science of Aphrodisiac (Vajikarana).
Eight upanga of Ayurveda:
1. Maulika shiddhanta 2. Sharira 3. Dravyaguna 4. Rasashastra 5. Bhaisajyakalpana 6. Roga vigyana 7. Swasthavrita 8. Manas chikitsa
Here in this compilation we deal with the Dravyaguna, one of the most important part of Ayurveda.
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Dravyaguna-A glimpse
Dravyaguna is formed by combinatin of two words ‘Dravya’and ‘Guna’.The word ‘Dravya’ indicates name ,morphology ,etc.all about introduction and ‘Guna’ indicates Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipak, Prabhava, Karma and uses of drug .Hence Dravyaguna can be defined as the study of dravyas and their properties,action and uses .
The study of substance that can be used as diet or drug along with their introduction, guna, karma and uses is called Dravyaguna.
In modern science it is known as ‘Pharmacology’ which is derived from Gr.root 'pharmacon' meaning to drug and logos –discourse in . So,it is the science of drugs. Broadly, speaking ,it deals with interaction of exogeneously administered chemical molecules with living systems.
The study of Ayurvedic phamacology is based on certain basic principles . In order to understand the action of various medicinal drug or substances used to regulate the fuctioning of Tridosh in the body ,the knowledge of six types rasa or tastes present in the substance is essential.
Therefore, the study of dravyaguna vigyana becomes imperative to understand the taste , action of substances. The study of deals with the identification and knowledge of foods ,drugs,remedies and Rasas,the taste.It also deals with the study of classification of various drugs .sabstance and matter are known as Dravya and Guna, which means the quality which is inherent in them . Dravya is known by its qualities ,guna and karma can’t be separated from a substance and that is why they are called samanya i.e.they are inseperable.
The priciple Ayurvedic Pharmacology differ from those of Allopathic pharmacology .In allopathy, active principles are isolated from medicinal plants and then used on human beings ,after rigid animal tests.Ayurveda on other hand,stesses upon the innate characteristic of a substance which acts upon a living system, with an objective to increase positive qualities and to eliminate negative ones . Ayurvedic pescriptions add medicinal substance to a compound or
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preparation in order to make it more effective .The stress here is laid on balancing the system ,whereas modern medicine force the human body to respond to active principles only instead of balancing bioregulating principles functioning therein.
Where Ayurvedic medicine first attempt to protect body tissue from an attack of doshas, modern chemical drug only try and alter the patient’s metabolism to achiev its purpose which after sometimes result in a new disoder in the body . Modern research neglects the facts that a plant’s active principle may exist in it , in a more complex form than what they know, whereas, Ayurvedic physician fullly utilize the natural strengths present in medicinal plants without disturbing body functions .Efforts are made to balance vitiated disorders of the bioregulating principles already present in body or those that have been created by any other substance present therein ,so that the doshas function in the body in proper order.
The basic principles of Dravya guna can be discussed under following heads .
1.Dravya
2.Rasa
3.Guna
4.Virya
5.Vipaka
6.Prabhava
7.Karma
They are often described as saptapadartha.
1. Dravya(Drug)-Dravyas are substance or drug .It is panchabhautika substance which has guna (property) and karma(action).eg .Amalaki.It is the abode (Ashraya)f rasa ,guna, virya,vipaka,prabhava and karma.
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2.Rasa(Taste)-The presence of taste can be sensed as a result of the presence of panchabhuta in different propertions.The basic taste of substance is rasa.The rasas are madhur ,amla ,lavan, katu, tikta and kashaya which are felt by tongue.
3. Guna(Property)-It is the posseor of intrinsic properties as shita (cold ), ushna(hot)etc. discussed under gurvadi gunas.
4. Virya(Potency)-Energy that leadsthe action of drugs is called virya .It is of two types –shita and ushna .Virya is the energy present in the active principles.
5.Vipaka (Biotransformed rasa)-The final stage of rasa after digestion is known as vipaka.It is grouped as
a)Guru and Laghu
b)Madhur ,Amla and Katu.
6. Prabhava(Specific Potency)-Specific and inexpressible property in a drugs vishghna(anti –poisonous)of sirish ,kusthaghna(anti skin disease )property of khadir ,hridya(cardiotonic) in arjuna.
7. Karma(Action)-Changes produced by drugs in the human body as result of its rasa, guna etc.as emesis, purgation etc
.For example –
1. Dravya -Haritaki 2. Rasa-Pancharasa(amla abscent)kashaya dominent 3. Guna-Laghu,Ruksha 4. Virya-Ushna 5. Vipaka-Madhura 6. Prabhava-Tridoshshamaka 7. Karma-Dipana,anulomana,rasayana.
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ot˘rfo'iofgfo'iofl0f r b|Jou'0fsdf{l0f j]boTotf]˜Tofo'j{]bM . -r=;' #)_ r/sn] cfo'j{]b zAbsf] lg/lQmsf] j0f{g ub{} cfo'io tyf cgfo'io b|Jo tyf To;sf] u'0fsd{sf] 1fg u/fpg] ePsfn] g} cfo"j{]b elgPsf] xf] elgG5 atfPsf 5g\ . cfo"j{]bsf] zfZjtTj klg b|Josf] :jefjsf] lgTotfsf] cfwf/df l;4 ul/Psf] xf] . b|Jou'0f zf:qsf] ;+lIfKt Oltxf;M cfo"j{]bsf] 1fg a|Xdf08sf /rlotf cyf{t ;'li6sf k|f/Destf{ a|Xdf :jod\n] :d/0f u/L Psxhf/ cWofodf ! nfv Znf]so'Qm cfo'j{]bsf] /rgf ug{'ePsf] / pxfFaf6 qmdzM k|hfklt, clZjgLs'df/åo tyf OGb|nfO{ k|fKt ePsf] Oltxf; kfOG5 . j]b k"/f0fx¿df klg clZjgLs'df/4o -clZjgL_nfO{ b]jtfsf lrlsT;s atfOPsf] / pgLx¿n] u/]sf cg]s lrlsT;f sd{x¿sf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . OGb|af6 cfo"j{]bsf] 1fg wGjGt/L e/åfh, cfq]o, k"gj{;', clUgj]z, e]n, lgld sfZok, xf/Lt, Iff/kl0f, k/fz/, ht's0f{ tyf r/s, ;'>'t, s/jLo{, uf]k"/IfLt, b[9an, afUe6, gfufh{'g, j[4hLjs, rqmkf0fL, zfË{w/, dfwj, efjk|sfz, cflbn] u/]sf lyP . tL ;j}h;f] cfrfo{ dxifL{x¿n] cg]sf}+ lziox¿nfO{ cfo"j{]b cWofkg
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ug{'sf ;fy} cf–cfkm\g} 5'§f5'§} u|Gyx¿ /rgf u/]sf lyP . tLdWo] xfn pknAw r/s;+lxtf, ;'>'t;+lxtf / jfUe6–ci6fËx[bo_ oL # u|GynfO{ a[xTqoL / zfË{w/;+lxtf, dfwjlgbfg / efjk|sfz oL # nfO{ n3'qoL elgG5 . k|flrg sfndf b|Jou"0f lj1fg gfds 5'§} ljifo jf cËsf] ?kdf pNn]v gu/LP klg cfo"j{]b zfZjt ePsf] x'Fbf o;sf] ljleGg cËsf] ?kdf /x]sf] cfo'io Pjd\ cgfo'io b|Jo, u"0f–sd{sf] 1fg cyf{t b|Jou"0f lj1fgsf] k/Dk/f klg ;[i6Lsf] k|f/Deb]lv cgj/t rln cfPsf] 5 . j}lbs sfnb]lv o;sf] k|f/lDes ?k/]vf ePklg a[:t[t Pjd\ Jojl:yt /rgf ;+lxtf sfndf ePsf] kfOG5 .
Introduction to the family Compositae Compositae: The Asteraceae or Compositae, also referred to as the aster, daisy, or sunflower family, is the largest family of vascular plants. The family has more than 22,750 currently accepted species, spread across 1620 genera, and 12 subfamilies. The largest genera are Senecio (1,500 species), Vernonia (1,000 species), Cousinia (600 species) and Centaurea (600 species). Most members of the Asteraceae are herbaceous, but a significant number are also shrubs, vines and trees. The family is distributed throughout the world, and is most common in the arid and semi-arid regions of subtropical and lower temperate latitudes. Many economically important products come from composites, including cooking oils, lettuce, sunflower seeds, artichokes, sweetening agents, and teas. Several genera are also very popular with the horticultural community, these includes marigolds,chrysanthemums, dahlias, Zinnias ,pluchea etc Distribution: They have a worldwide distribution, being found everywhere except Antarctica. They are especially numerous in tropical and subtropical regions ( notably Central America, eastern Brazil, the Andes, the Mediterranean, southernAfrica, centralAsia,and south western china).
Roots and Stems Compositae roots are usually taproots, and sometimes fibrous. Stems are generally erect, but sometimes prostrate to ascending. Some species have underground stems in the form of caudices or rhizomes, these can be fleshy or woody depending on the species.
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Leaves The leaves and the stems very often contain secretory canals with resin or latex (particularly common among the Cichorioideae). The leaves can be alternate, opposite, orwhorled. They may be simple, but are often deeply lobed or otherwise incised, often conduplicate or revolute. The margins can be entire or dentate.
Flowers: The most evident characteristic of Asteraceae is their inflorescence :- a specialised capitulum, technically called acalathid or calathidium, but generally referred to as flower head or, alternatively, simply capitulum. The capitulum is a contracted raceme composed of numerous individual sessile flowers, called the florets, all sharing the same receptacle. The capitulum of the Asteraceae has evolved many characteristics that make it look superficially like a single flower. This type of flower-like inflorescence is fairly widespread amongst angiosperms, and has been given the name of pseudanthia.
Many bracts form an involucre under the basis of the capitulum; these are called "phyllaries", or "involucral bracts". They may simulate the sepals of the pseudanthium. These are mostly herbaceous but can also be brightly coloured (e.g. Helichrysum) or have a scarious texture. The bracts can be free or fused, and arranged in one to many rows, overlapping like the tiles of a roof (imbricate) or not (this variation is important in identification of tribes and genera).
Each floret may itself be subtended by a bract, called a "palea" or "receptacular bract". These bracts as a group are often called "chaff". The presence or absence of these bracts, their distribution on the receptacle, and their size and shape are all important diagnostic characteristics for genera and tribes.
The florets have five petals fused at the base to form a corolla tube and they may be either actinomorphic or zygomorphic. Disc florets are usually actinomorphic, with five petal lips on the rim of the corolla tube. The petal lips may be either very short, or long, in which case they form deeply lobed petals.. Ray florets are always highly zygomorphic and are characterised by the presence of a ligule, a strap-shaped structure on the edge of the corolla tube consisting of fused petals. In the Asteroideae and other minor subfamilies these are usually borne only on florets at the circumference of the capitulum and have a 3+2 scheme – above the fused corolla tube, three very long
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fused petals form the ligule, with the other two petals being inconspicuously small. The tip of the ligule is often divided into teeth, each one representing a petal. Some marginal florets may have no petals at all (filiform floret).
The calyx of the florets may be absent, but when present, it is always modified into a pappus of two or more teeth, scales or bristles and this is often involved in the dispersion of the seeds. As with the bracts, the nature of the pappus is an important diagnostic feature. There are usually five stamens. The filaments are fused to the corolla, while the anthers are generally connate (syngenesious anthers), thus forming a sort of tube around the style (theca). They commonly have basal and/or apical appendages. Pollen is released inside the tube and is collected around the growing style, expelled with a sort of pump mechanism or a brush.
The pistil is made of two connate carpels. The style has two lobes; stigmatic tissue may be located in the interior surface or form two lateral lines. The ovary is inferior and has only one ovule, with basal placentation.
Floral diagram of compositae family Disk florets
Fruits and Seeds The fruit of the Asteraceae is achene-like, and is called a cypsela (plural cypselae). Although there are two fused carpels, there is only one locule, and only one seed per fruit is formed. It may sometimes be winged or spiny because the pappus, which is derived from calyx tissue often remains on the fruit (for example in dandelion). In some species, however, the pappus falls off (for example in Helianthus).
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Cypsela morphology is often used to help determine plant relationships at the genus and species level. The mature seeds usually have little endosperm or none.
Ecology:
Asteraceae are especially common in open and dry environments. Many members of the Asteraceae are pollinated by insects, which explains their value in attracting beneficial insects, but anemophyly is also present .
Seeds are ordinarily dispersed intact with the fruiting body, the cypsela. Wind dispersal is common (anemochory) assisted by a hairy pappus. Another common variation is epizoochory, in which the dispersal unit, a single cypsela or entire capitulum provided with hooks, spines or some equivalent structure, sticks to the fur or plumage of an animal just to fall off later far from its mother plant.
Raasna:
The controversy about the genuine raasna is well known and if a survey of the plant materials used as raasna in different parts are made more than half dozen plants species will be found in use. The morphological classification of some of these as found in the drug markets into patra raasna, mula raasna and trina raasna by writers seems to be nothing more than an indication of the multiplicity of sources and forms of the present day raasna.
More important varieties are:
- Pluchea species - Vanda roxburgii - Alpinia galanga willd - Inula racemoa Hook
Out of these alpinia species may be the elaparni and south indian species substitute of raasna , Inula sps. May be more correctly identified as puskarmula.
Vanda and another similar looking epiphytic orchids (Saccolabium papilliosum lindld.) do not appear to stand a chance to be accepted as real raasna a their peculiar habit has no where been mentioned in ayurvedic literature in connection with identified raasna. Other names uch as raasna in the commentaries and Nightantus appear to be those for entirely other drugs used in place of raasna.
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At the present , Pluchea lanceolata is being accepted more widely as the source of raasna. It is popularly known by names similar to raasna. Roots, when dried under shade develop a faint aroma and they are being used as the country people in rheumatic conditions. The leaves with their twisted base look like ela fruit in surface view. The tongue like shade and juice nature of the the leaves may be responible for its synonyms Gandhamula, elaparni, raasna, rasya etc may not be unsuitable even for this plant.
Vernaculars
Sanskrit : Raasna, Yukta, Surabhi, Sughandha, Elaparni
Nepali : Gai tihare
Hindi: Raasna, Rashana
Agra Chotikala
Aligarh: Banserai
Cownpore: Sorahi
Gujrat: Raasna, Rashana
Marathi: Raasna, Rashna
Punjab: Marinandai, Reshae, Raasna, Reshami
Pusthu: Marwande
Rajputana: Chotikala
Sindha: Kurasanna
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Plant description:
F.N.- Compositae
Latin name:- Pluchea lanceolata C.B.Clarke
S.N.- Raasna, Yukta, Surabhi, Sughandha, Elaparni
Nepali name: Gai tihare
Hindi name :-Raayasan, Vayusurahi
Morphological charachters: Herb upto 1-4 ft in height, stem-hairy.
Leaf- 2-6cm long, oblong-lanceolate.
Flower- White, yellowish or brinjal colour in dense panicles.
Distribution-Punjab, Rajasthan. Gujrat.
C.C. : Leafs contain Quercetin, isorhamnetin and panchang contains Pluchin.
Guna –Guru
Rasa- Tikta
Vipaka-Katu
Virya- Ushna
Doshakarma-Kaphavatasamaka
Systemic action
External- Sothahara, Sheethara and Bednashamak.
Internal-
Nervous system: Uttam Bedanashamak(analgesic)
Digetive system: Aampachan, shoolprashaman and rechan( laxative).
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Circulatory system: Raktasodhak
Respiratory system: Kaasahara, swaasahara
Temperature: Jvaragna
Saatmikaran: Rasayan. bishagna and Brisya
Therapeutic Uses-
It is useful for kaphaj and vataj disorders.
External : Its called the best Sheethara i.e relief from the cold. It i also used in inflmammations and as painkiller.
Internal-
D/s- Tumour, stomachace, Constipation
N/s- Analgesic
C/s- Vatarakta
R/s-Prameha
Skin- Common cold, cough, Hiccough
Temperature- In fever
Parts Used : Leaves
Dose : Kwaath- 50 to 100 ml.
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Literature Review of Raasna
Samhita Period r/s ;Flxtf M ;"Ì :yfg M sf]n+ s'nEofM ;'/bf?/f:gfdfKjft;Lt]{nkmnflg s'07d\ . jrf ztfÅf ojr"0f{dDnd'0fflg jftfdlogf+ k|b]xM ..#÷!&..
Badara, kulattha, devdaru, raasna,black gram, linseed, oily seeds, kustha, vacha, satapushpa, barley powder mixed up with vinegar and heated. This is a useful paste for those suffering from Vaatik disoreders.
/f:gf u'8'rL dw's+ jn] ;hLjs+ ;k{es+ koZr . 3[t+ r l;4+ d'w'ifo'Qm+ /Qflgnflt{ k|0f'b]t\ k|b]x ..#÷@!..
Ghee, prepared with raasna, guduchi, madhuyasthi, both bala, jivaka, rasabhaka along with the milk and added with honey is used as paste fr alleviating discomfort in raktavata.
/f:gf xl/b|+ gnb+ ztfx] å] b]jbf?l0f l;tf]knf r . hLjlGtd"n+ ;3[t+ ;t}ndfn]kg+ kfZj{?hf;' sf]i70ffd\..#÷@$..
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Raasna, two haridra, jatamamsi, two satapuspa, seeds of devdaru, jivanti roots and sugarcandy mixed with ghee and oil are used as warm paste in sides f the chest. /f:gf;'/bf?ljNjdbgztk'ikf j[ZrL/k'gg{jfZjb+i6«flu|dGyZof]gfsf ..$÷@^..
Raasna, devdaaru. bilwa, madan, satapushpa, vrschra, punarnavaa, gokharu, agnimantha and syonak these ten are sub-unctous enemata.
/f:gfjftx/0ffd\ ...... /f:gfu'?0fL ZfLtfkgogk|n]kgfgfF======;''vfgfldlt..@%÷$).. Hereafter Acharaya describes prominent ones among the drugs used for various actions. Such as food is the best among the life sustaining factors, water among assuring factors...... same as he describe raasna among the vata alleviators and raasna and agaru among the califacient pastes.
lrlsT;f :yfg : hLjlGtd's+d]bf+ lkKknL dgb+ jrfd\ . Cl4+ /f:gf+ jnf+======ljBfHhj/fkxd\ ..#÷@%)..
Mix the powder of jivanti, mulathi, meda, pipali, madanphal, bacha, ridhi, raasna, barirar root, sontha, sunthi, satawari, and prepare a pate(kalka).w Ith all these add milk and water. This sneha when used through anuvaan vathi treats the fever (jwar).
gLlngL+ lqkmnf+ /f:gf+ jnf+ s6's/f]lx0fLd . ======3[td]tb\ Jobf]xlt ..%÷!)(..
Root of nil,amla,harro,baheda, raasna, bala root, kutki, vidanga and regani are taken and mixed ith ater,curd,ghee and snuhi milk. And kalka i prepared. This
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ghrita i ueful in the treatment of kustha,udarroga (tomach diease), otha, pandu(anaemia), jvar, pilhia and unmaad.
jnf /f:gf+ ltnfM ;lk{d's+ gLnd'Tkn+ . ======kfZj{z"lngfd\ ..*÷&&..
Balaa. raasna, til, ghee, mulhathi, and neel kamal are grinded well and mixed with ghee to prepare a lepa. This lepa is beneficial for sirsula, parsavasula and amsasula.
;ofjz"s{]M ;IfL/}M ;|f]tf;f+ zf]wg+ 3[td\ . /f:gfjnf======;flwtd\ ..*÷!&)..
Bala, raasna, gokharu, and barsabu are taken to prepare kwaath. This kwaath is mixed with ghee. This ghee treats sotha roga.
knfz+ st[0ff+ /f:gf+ tåDkSTjf˜j;]ro]t\ ..!#÷!!).. Seeds of palaas, ghandhatrina and raasna mixed with water is irrigated on stomach for udar problems.
;d"nf+ lkKknL+ Iff/f{] åf} k~rnj0fflg r . dft'n'Ëfeof/f:gfz/Ldl/r======jnj0ff{lu|jw{gd\ ..!%÷!^(..
Pippalimula, yavakshaar, sargikkshaar, five types of salts , harro (fruit), raasna, kachur, maricha, and sunthi are grindered amd mix together. Lemon is used to give bhavana and then safely kept in the bottle. This churna(powder) increases jatharaagni power and improves bala and barna of the individual.
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kf7f dw'/;f /f:gf+ ;/n+ b]jbf? r . k|IffDo======Zjf;Zr{]jfj]kzf:olt ..!&÷!)%..
Paatha, murwa, raasna, sarala, and devdaru are grinder together. This powder(churna) is used to treat hiccough and saawas roga.
b«f]0f]˜kf+ ;fwo]b|f:gf+ bzd"nL+======;KnLnf]jf{lgnfHh]t\ ..!*÷$%..
Raasna, belagiri...... etc are mixed together and grinderedd to prepare a powder. this medicine is used to treat all types of kaasa, pilhiabrhidi(spleenomegaly), and urdovata.
lj8Ë+ /f:gf lkKknL======Zjf;lxSsfxtflu|;' ..!*÷$^..
Vaayuvidanga, sunthi, raasna, peepal, hinga, salt, varangi are mixed together aaaaaand churna(powder) is prepared. This medicine is used in Vaataj kaasa, swaas and agnimandhya.
b]jbf? z6L /f:gf======jftfg'u] skm] ..!*÷!!&..
Devdaaru, kachur, raasna, kaakadsringi, and yavasa are grindered together and powder is prepared. This powder is mixed with honey and oil and used in kaphaj kaasa. b]jbf?xl/b|]å] ;/n+ rGbgfu'? .
/f:gf uf]/f]rgf˜hfhL=====;fj{sfld{s ..@#÷@#@..
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Devadaaru, haridra, saralkastha, raktachandan, kaaala agar, raasna, grochan, jeera, guggul, sugarcane, tagar, salt(saindhav lavana), honey, thsese ingredients when mixed and taken as anjana or lepa or nasya help to treat the case of poisoning.
k'gg{jf+ bf? ;kZrd"n+ /f:gf+======ubxgd\ ..@&÷*@..
Punarnavaa, devdaru, brihat panchamula, raasna, jau, kulatha and bayer are mixed after grinding to prepare kwaath. These medicine is massaged in the body for the treatment of hridroga(heart disease).
s[i0fz6Lk'is/d"n/f:gfjrfeofgfu/r"0f{s+ r..@^÷(&..
Peepal, kachur, pushkarmula, raasna, bachaa, harro and sunthi are prepared powder and mix in equal amount. This medicine is use to treat kaphaj hridroga.
kLn'k0fL{ ko:of r /f:gf uf]If'/sf] jrf .. ======gf lkj]t\ ..@&÷$@..
Piluparni, Vidaarighanda, raasna, gokharu, bachaa, saral, agaru, and pathaa are atken in equal amount and kalka is prepared. This medicine is used to treatment of urustambha.
lrqs+ gfu/+ /f:gf+======. ======;lk{jf{t/f]ux/+ k/d\ ..@*÷!@@..
Monograph on Raasna Page 18
Chitrak, sunthi raasna, pushkarmula, peepal and kachur are taken in equal amount, grindered well ith honey. This is known as the best medicine for the treatment of vata and Acharaya Charak called it as best "vatanaasak".
d"nsj/;] IfL/;d]======oi6ofxzs{/f/f:gf======jftg't\ ..@*÷!@(..
...... here Acharaya Charak describe raasna as one of the content of Mulak tail.
kfbz]if] ;dIfL/+ t}n:======jrfuf]If'/s}/08/f:gf======
======j}Bk"lhtd\ ..@*÷!^!–!^$..
...... here in this context Acharaya Charak describe raasna as one of the content of Amritadhya tail.
/f:gf;x;|lgo"{x] t}nb|f]0f+ ljkfro]t\ . uGw}x{}djt}M lki6}/]nfB}Zrflgnflt{g't\ ..@*÷!^%..
...... here raasna is mixed with 4 part of water and kwaath is prepared. then that kwaath is mixed with til oil and some aromatic drugs. This preparation is called Raasna Tail. /f:gflz/Lifoi6of======j0ff{'a{njw{gd\ .
======zltd"nst}nd\ ..!^*–!&)..
...... here Acharaya describes raasna as one of the component of Mulak tail.
Monograph on Raasna Page 19
jnfdltjnf+ d]bfdfGdu'Itf+ ztfj/Ld\ . sfsf]nL+ IfL/sfsf]nL+ /f:gfd[l4+======
======Hj/gfzgd\ ..@(÷%%–%&...... here raasna is descibed as the component of Balaamrit grhita, which is use in the treatment of vatarakta, hridroga, paanduroga, kaamla and jvar.
å] k~rd"n] jiff{e"d/]08+======aGWof;'tk|bd\..@(÷&)..
...... here raasna is described as the component of Jivaniye grhita.
/f:gfZjb+6«fj[ifs{]M lkj]R5'n] >[t+ koM ..#)÷%&..
Raasna, gokharu and arush in equal amount is used for the preparation of raasnaadi kshirapaak. This paak is used in the treatment of Yonivisha.
u'8"rLdfntL/f:gfjnf======r k|0fo]QtM ..#)÷%*..
...... here Acharaya describe raasna as the component of Guduchyaadi tail.
l;4L :yfg : jnf+ u'8"rL+ lqkmnf+ ;/f:gf+======rt'y{z]ifd\ .. #÷!#..
Monograph on Raasna Page 20
..... here raasna is described as the drug used in niruhavasti. In this context niruha vasti is described for the treatment of vata vyaadhis. bzd"n+ jnf+ /f:gfdZjuGwf+ ======hLjgLo}M knf]lGdt}M ..$÷#..
...... here raasna is dsecribed as the component of dasmuladhya anubaasan tail. This oil is beneficial for vata diseases.
k6f]nlgDae"lga+/f:gf======s'i7g't\ .. *÷*..
Parwar, raasna, chirayata and chativan taken in equal parts and kwaath is prepared. Then the kwaath is mixed with oil and grhita and this drug is used as panchatkta panchaprasutik vasti.
;'>'t ;+lxtf ;"Ì :yfg M dft'n'ËflGudGyf]{ r eb|bf?dxf}ifwd\ . clx+;|f r}j /f:gf r k|n]kf] jftzf]kmlht\ .. #^÷#
...... here Acharaya describe raasna praparation for the treatment of Vaatik
Sopha.
;'/;fZj]t;'/;f======ljifd'li6sZr]lt ..#(÷!*..
Monograph on Raasna Page 21
. ... here raasna is describe as the component of Sursaadi gana. lrlsT;f :yfg
tq, cfbfb]j jx'jft...... j]lt jftk|an ..%÷&..
...... here raasna is describe in the context of the treatment of vata dominance vatarakta in which raasna preparation are given for the treatment.
Pif+ d'bL ej]Bf]......
...... ;bLTosfM .. !%÷@)..
...... here raasna along with other drug is describe to be used in the Yonishoola.
chfcZjuGwf......
...... skmfes]if' .. !&÷!%..
...... Acharaya describe raasna preparation for the treatment of kaphaj bisarpa.
lx+;|f cy /f]lxGo...... dw'sfd[tfleM ..!*÷& ..
...... hera raasna is describe as the drug for the vataj granthi.
k|kf}08/Ls...... ;+k|n]ko]t\ .. !(÷@* ..
Monograph on Raasna Page 22
.... raasna is describe for the vataj upadansha chiktsaa.
jrfdltljiff+ kf7f......
...... /f:gf+ s6's/fxL0fd\ ..@@÷%$..
...... here Acharaya Susruta describe raana for the treatment of galashundi i.e. elongation of uvulva.
hLjGToltanf......
...... ;+o'Qmd"Wj{ hq'ubfkxd\ ..#&÷@#–@^..
...... here jivanti, atibala, raasna ...... etc drugs are adviced to be taken for the anivaasan vasti for the treatment of gulma and balancing of Vata and pitta.
Pnf lqs6's+ /f:gf......
...... juf]{ ljwLot] ..#*÷@$–@*..
...... here drugs for the aasthapan vasti are described in which raasna is used.
u'8"rLlqkmnf/f:gf......
...... bBfb:yfkg+ k/d\ ..#*÷$(..
...... here raasna i the component of Guduchiyaadi vati which is used for the treatment of Vataj vyaadhi’s.
Monograph on Raasna Page 23
/f:gf/ujjiff{s"......
...... x[bu|xfg\ ..#*÷&!–&^..
...... here raasna, raajbriksha, kutki...... etc drugs are described as aasthapan vasti for the treatment of vata diseases, vatarakta, sarkara, gulma and unmaad. pQ/:yfg
/f:gfj[iff]Gy......
...... jftlkQHj/+ ho]t\ ..#(÷@))..
Raasna , adusaa , harro, barro, amlaa, and amlataash fruits are used in the preparation of Raasnaadi kwaath. This raasnaadi kwaath is used in the treatment of vata pitta jvar.
xl/b|f+ dl/r+......
...... lxtef]hgM ..%!÷$!$..
Here raasna is described a the component of haridraadi churnam which is used in treatment of Swaasa and kaasa.
ci6fFUf Åbo M ;'q:yfg dbg s'6h s'07 b]jbfnL
dw'sjrf–bzd"n–bf?–/f:gf oj–ldlz–s[tj]wg+ s'nEof dw'nj0f+ lqj[tf lg?x0fflg ..!%÷#..
Monograph on Raasna Page 24
...... here Acharaya describe raasna as the component of niruha vasti.
ckgfxf jrfls0jztfxjfb]jbf?le .
wfGo}M ;d:t}t{uGw}Zr /f:g}/0f˜htfldif} ..!&÷@..
...... here Acharaya describe raasna as one of the cmponent for the preparation of of upnaaha sweda. He further describes that this Upnaaha sweda is only useful for the vataj diseases.
lrlsT;f :yfgM Hj/lrlsT;f M hLjGtL dbg+======Cl4+/f:gf+ jnf+======Hj/gfzgfM ..!÷!@#..
...... here raasna is mixed with other drugs to prepare Sneha. This sneha when used as anubaasan vasti treats the fever(jvar). sf;lrlsT;f M Iff//f:gf jrflxË======/f]uu'Ndgt\ ..@÷%..
...... here raasna with other drugs is mixed ith grihta and their prepared grihta is given to patient to drink for the treatment of kaasa, swaas, hridroga, parsawashool and gulma.
lj8Ë+ gfu/+ /f:gf lkKknL======zjf;lxWdftlu|if' ..@÷!@..
Monograph on Raasna Page 25
...... here Acharaya describe that raasna when mixed ith other drugs and treated with grhita it cures vataj kaasa, swaasa and hiccough.
Tju]nfJof];======sf;xf..@÷#!..
...... here Acharaya describe that raasna along with other component is mixed with honey or ghee t prepare avaleha. This medicine is use to treat kaasa roga.
Zjf; lxSjf cWofo M bzd"nzgL/f:gf======;flwtfd\ ..$÷@$..
...... here raasna along with dashmula, kachur and others is used to prepare kwaath. This kwaath is used to treat swaasa and hiccough. /fhoIdflrlsT;f M /f:gfjnuf]If'/s======;l;tfko ..%÷@$..
...... here raasna is described as the component of Raasnaadi grhita which is prepared with the mixture of raasna, gokharu, saalparni, and punarnavaa. This grhita is used for the treatment of shosha roga(tuberculosis).
5lb{Åb/f]ut[i0fflrlsT;f M kmnwfGofDnsf}nEyo"ifd"iff;j{]:tyf syf+======s6kmnf ..^÷@&..
Monograph on Raasna Page 26
..... here Acharaya describe raasna as the dietary fluid which is given after the vasti. This fluid also help in the treatment of kaphajroga, gulma and hridroga. u|x0fLbf]iflrlsT;f M k~rd"nfef0of]======skmfkxd\ .. !)÷@&..
....here Acharaya describe raasna as the peparation of grhita which is used in Grahani, swaasa, kaasa and gulma. u'NdlrlsT;f M bzd"n+ jnf+ sfnf+======lgnfdofg\ ..!$÷@)..
..... here raasna along with dashmula and other drugs are mixed with grhita. And this preparation is used for the treatment of gulma disease.
jftioflwlrlsT;f M
/f:gf–dxf}ifw lålkKknL======/f]ux/d k/d ..@!÷%^..
...... raasna with other drugs mixed with grhita which is used as the treatment of vata roga.
k|;fl/0fLt'nf======
Monograph on Raasna Page 27
======df?tfdogfzgd\ ..@!÷^%..
..... here raasna with other drug is mixed with oil and this oil is massaged in the body for the treatment of vata vyaadhi. jft/QlrlsT;f M jnfztfj/L/f:gf======bf]iffg'nf]dgd\ .. @@÷*..
Bala, satavari, raasna, dashmula, pilu and krishna saariva cooked with milk and is used a medicine of vatarakta treatment. Nighantu period:-
1) Bhav Prakash Nighantu
2) Madanpal Nighantu
3) Raj Nighantu
4) Kaiyadev Nighantu
5) Nepali Nighantu
6) Nighantu Ratnaakar
7) Dhanwantari NIghantu
8) Shankar Nighantu
9) Nighantu Aadarsha.
Monograph on Raasna Page 28
efjk|sfz lg306'
/f:gf o'Q/;f /:of ;'jxf /;gf /;f . Pnfk0fL{ r ;'/;f >]o;L tyf .. /f:gf cfd0flrgL ltQmf u'?0ff skmjftlht\ .. zf]y Zjf;;dL/f:gjftz"nf]b/fkxf .
sf; Hj/ljiffzLltjfltsfdl;Wdx[t ..!^@–!^$.. /f:gfsf] gfd / u'0f: /f:gf, o'Qf/;f, /:of, ;'jxf, /;gf, /;f, Pnfk0fL{, ;'/;f, ;'uGwf tyf >]o;L oL ;a} /f:gfsf gfd x'g\ . /f:gf cfdkfrg ug]{ ltQm/;o'Qm, u'?, pi0fjLo{ / skmjftgfzs 5 tyf zf]y, sf;, jft/Qm, jftz"n, pb//f]u, sf;, Hj/, ljif, *) k|sf/sf] jft/f]u gfz ug]{ u'0fo'Qm 5 . /f:gf cfhsn j}B ;dfhdf /f:gfnfO{ Ps e|dfTds cf}iflw dflgG5 . jftljsf/df cfo'j]{bdf o;sf] k|of]u /f:gflb, dxf/f:gflb Sjfysf] ?kdf ul/G5 . leGg leGg :yfgdf leGg leGg hfltnfO{ /f:gf eGg] ul/G5 . k|frLg u|Gyx?df o;sf] kl/rodf lgDGf Znf]s k|fKt x'G5 . /f:gf t' lqljwf k|f]Qmf d"n+ kq+ t[0f+ tyf . z}of} d"nbnf} >]i7f} t[0f/f:gft' dWodf .. tn /f:gf gfd lnOg] k|hfltx?sf] j0f{g 5'§f 5'§} ul/Psf] 5 .
1.Pluchea lanceolata lx–/fo;g, /f]zgf, jfo;'/O{
Monograph on Raasna Page 29
of] a+ufn, cjw, ljxf/ / klZrd k+hfadf kfOG5 . o;sf] cfsf/ /f:gf cyf{t lhx\jfsf] ;b[z x'G5 . o;}sf] cfwf/df clwsf+z j}Bx?n] jfo';'/O{nfO{ g} /f:gf dfGb5g\ . ljxf/df o;nfO{ …/rgfÚ / …/f]rgÚ gfdn] lrlgG5 . o;sf] If'k !–@& lkm6 cUnf], cg]s zfvfk|zfvf ePsf] emf8Lbf/ tyf dfly /f}+ ePsf] x'G5. kft– !–@ OGr nfdf], ;gfof]sf] kfth:tf] , ;'v]sf] kft kx]nf]af6 v}/f] /Ëdf kl/jt{g x'G5 . kqj[Gt ;fgf] x'G5 . kftnf] kftnf] zfvfx?sf] cGtdf ;fgf] ;fgf] j}ugL /Ësf] km"n x'G5 .
2.Innula racemosa Hook.
Family-Compositae 8f b];fO{ cGo j}Bx?;+u ;xdt eP/ o;}nfO{ /f:gf dfGb5g\ . s]xL cGo ljåfg o;nfO{ k'is/d"n dfGb5g\ . of] sfZdL/ tyf pQ/–klZrd lxdfnodf k|fKt x'G5 . o;sf] If'k % lkm6 cUnf] Pj+ s8f x'G5 . kft–dflyb]lv v;|f] / tnaf6 /f]do'Qm x'G5 . kft *–!* OGr nfdf] / %–* OGr rf}8f x'G5 . sf08kq c08fsf/, cfotfsf/ x'G5 . k'ik–kx]nf] j0f{sf] !.%–@ OGr Jof;sf] u'R5fdf x'G5 . kmn–;fgf] , cufl8sf] efudf /ftf] /f]do'Qm x'G5 . o;sf] h/faf6 sk'/sf] h:tf] uGw cfpF5 . Chemical composition-Alantolactone, Inulin u'0f–of] kfrg, jftx/, skmx/, Zjf;x/ Pj+ uef{zo ;+sf]rs, si6ft{j, km'ˆkm'; ljsf/df nfebfos 5 . k|ltlglw–s'7 3.Vanda roxburghii R.Br.
Family-Orchidaceae of] a+ufn, ljxf/, u'h/ft tyf ssf]0fdf k|fKt x'G5 . o;sf] kf}wf k|fo cfd / dw"ssf] j[Ifdf k|fKt x'G5 . sf08 !–@ lkm6 nfdf] tyf u|GyL af6 cg]s jftnDjL d"nx? lg:s]sf x'G5g\ .
Monograph on Raasna Page 30
kft–^–* OGr nfdf], b'O6f stf/df lgSn]sf] x'G5 . k'ik Jof;df ! Þ%–@ OGr, lktfe / slxn] slxn] lgnfe j0f{sf] x'G5 . kmn–#–# Þ% OGr nfdf], ;lGwx?df /L7bf/ x'G5 . o;sf] d"nsf] k|of]u ul/G5 . u'0f–cfdjftflbdf nfebfos . Hj/df n]k ugf{n] kmfObfhgs, s0f{;|fjdf o;sf] kftsf] k|of]u ul/G5 .
4.Saccolabium papillosum Lindl
Family-Orchidaceae of] klg cfFksf] ?vdfly k|fKt x'G5 . of] ltQm kf}li6s Pj+ cfdjftflbdf nfebfos 5 .
5.Tylophora asthmatica W.&A.
Family-Asclepiadaceae o;sf] ntf a+ufn, cf;fd, s5f/, p8L;f, sf]+s0f, blIf0fL ef/tdf k|fKt x'G5 .
o;sf] jiffo' ntf x'G5 . kft–@–% OGr nfdf], !–@ OGr rf}8f, n6\jfsf/ of c08fsf/sf] x'G5 . tfhf cj:yfdf uGwo'Qm / kl5 uGw/lxt x'G5 . k'ik–;fgf] , kx]nf] j0f{sf] x'G5 .d"n–nfdf], kx]nf] j0f{sf], ;lhn} 6'6\g] / u'lnof] :jfbo'Qm x'G5 .
Chemical composition-Tylophorine, Tylophorinine u'0f–d"n / kq jfd, skmlg;f/s, /Qmzf]ws, cg'nf]ds Pj+ cfdkfrs x'G5 . cNkdfqfdf sf;, ;+u|x0fL / clt;f/df nfebfos / a9Ldfqfdf jfds x'G5 . efjk|sfzn] gfs'nLnfO{ klg /f:gfe]b eg]/ pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ .
dbGfkfnlg3G6'
By Ram Prasad Patiyala /f:GffGffdu'0ffM /f:Gff /Dof o'Qf/;f+ /;gf uGwdfs'nL .
Monograph on Raasna Page 31
;'uGwd"nf clt/;f >]o;L ;'j/f ;/f ..&!..
S.N: Raasna, Ramya, Yuktarasa, Rasana, Ghandhakuli, Sughandhmuli, Atirasa, Sreyasi, Subaraa, Sara are the name of the Raasna.
/fhlg306'
/f:gf o'Qm/;f /:of >]o;L /;gf /;f . ;'uGwd"nclt/;f ;}j k'lQ/;f :d[tf+ ..*@÷@&)..
Synonym: Raasna, yuktarasa, rasya, sreyashi, rasa, sughandmula, atirasaa, saiva, putirasa.
Guna: Raana is of three types Mula, patra and trina raasna. In which mula raasna is the best for medicinal use. It is Guru and tiktaushna. Thi is used for the treatment of sopha, kampa, swaasa, vataj kaasa, udar dieasese etc.
s}ob]jlg306'
-cfo'j{]bfrfo{ k+= ;'/]Gb| df]xg /f:gf /f:gfo'Qmf uGwd"nf ;'/;f /;gf /;f . Pnfk0fL{ o'Qm /;f ;'jxf uGwgfs'nL . ;'uGwflt/;f /:f >]o;L ;'/led{tf .. #(@÷!@!^..
Kaidev nighantu stated that raasna as parasitic plant which latin name is Vanda roxburghii. This plant is usually seen in mango tree, Jamun tree, benghalensis. Flowers are violet in colour. Same as acharayas said that root and leaves are called raasna. It is also cultivated and are used for the ornamental purpose infront of shops in Punjab. Some acharayas also stated Elaparni as the
Monograph on Raasna Page 32
synonym because its leaves resembles with ela. Raasna is believed to be the choice of drug for the vata diseases. In Madras, raasna is used in the name of 'Ghandhamuli'/Ghandaraasna. In Arabi countries Inula helenium is called as Raasna. in northe Kashmir Inula racemosa is called as raasna. Narhari describe the type of raasna as patra raasna, mula raasna and trina raasna. This type is not mentioned in other nighantus. Raasna is used in the treatment of vata diseases and amavata in several preparation as raasnaguggul, raasnadhasmula etc.
g]kfnL lg3+6' M
-sf]ifgfy b]jsf]6f_
;+–/f;gf, o'Qm/;f, /:of, >]o;L, /f;gf, /;f, ;'ulGwd"nf, ;'/;f, /;f9f, clt/;f . lx–/f;g, /fi0ff j–/fi0f d–gjf8Ljof
:jefj–lttf] , u/d / ef/L 5 . cfdnfO{ kfs u/fpFb5 . skm / jfo'nfO{ x6fpF5 . zf]y, Zjf;, jft/Qm, jftz"n, jftf]b/, sf;, Hj/, ljifbf]if, cfdjft, ;a} k|sf/sf jft/f]u / lxWdfdf pkof]uL 5 .
lg306'/Tgfs/ jftHj/ljrf/ >Lkmn+M ;j{tf]eb|M sfdb"tL r zf0fsM . tsf{/L uf]If'/M If'b|f sfnzL l:y/f ..
Monograph on Raasna Page 33
/f:gf s0ff s0ffd"n+ s'07+ z'07L ls/ftsM .. d[:tfd[tfd[tf an+ b|fIffof;M ztfxsf .. Piff+ sfyf] lgxGDo]j k|e~hgs[t+ Hj/d\ .
;f]kb|j+ r of]uf]˜o+ ;j{of]uj/M :d[tM ..
Here raasna along with other drug like bilva, erandamula, gokaharu ..... etc are mixed together and kwaath is prepared. This kwaath is used to treat Vataj jvara. This medicine is called Shreephalaadi kadhaa. k~rd"Noflb sf9f k~rd"nLjnf/f:gfs'lnDy{]M ;x kf}is/}M . sfyf] xGoflR5/M sDk+ kj{e]b+ dvHj/d\ ..
Panchamula, bala, raasna, kulatha and pushkarmula are mixed to prepare kadhaa. This kaadha is used for the treatment of vataj jvar. cfdjftk|s/0f /f:gfk+rs /f:gfd[tfgfu/jftzq' s6sx]/LhlgtM siffoM .
P/08t}ng ;dlGjtf]˜o+ eQf ej]bfd;dLv:o .. Raasna, amrita, sunthi, erandamula and daruharidra these five are mixed to prepare raasna panchak.
/f:gf;Kts /f:gf/Ujw======bLkf]cGwsf/+ oyf ..
Monograph on Raasna Page 34
.... here raasna with other six drug are described as raasna saptak.
Dhanwantari Nighantu:
It secribe raasna as same as Raj Nighantu. It is used in vata diseases, Vataj kaasa, udar diseases, indigestion, stiffness of neck and sciatica(gridhasi).
ZfFs/lg3G6'
S.N. : Raasna
L.N: Pluchea lanceolata
Guna: Aampachan, kaphavata shamak, Used in Raktavata, vatashool, udarroga, kaasa, jvar, vishavikaar, aamvata, swaasa, vishamjvar, hiccough, kampa and 80 types of vata diseases.
Descrpiption:
Raasna is of three types patra raasna, jadha raasna and trina raasna. 2-3 plant's root are used a raasna for the medical purpose. Its root are in the bark of other trees. Leaves are like allium leaf. lg306' cfbz{
By Bapalal G. Vaidya
Ckowkhamba pulication 1968
Monograph on Raasna Page 35
Raasna:
Synonyms: Raasna, surasa, rasya, sreyasi
L.N: Pluchea lanceolata
Nirukti:
This is beneficial is kaphavata treatment. And is tasted by the patient of sotha roga so called raasna.
It is famous for its rasa i.e taste. So called rasya.
Its rasa is the best for the treatment so called surasa.
Uses in all types of vata vyaadhis so called sreyasi.
Introduction: /f:gf t' lqljwf k|f]Qmf d"n+ kq+ t[0f+ tyf . 1]of]{ d"nbnf]{ >]i7f]{ t[0f/f:gf t' dWodf .. /f = lg=
Parts used: Root, leaves and panchaanga.
Description: Its rot are cylindrical in shape and width from finger size to wrist. Thses roots undergoes inside ground nearly 20 to 25 ft. Below. Branches are of the size of the pinky finger. Leaf are 1.5 to 2.5 inch long nad .25 to 0.45 inch in width. Upper parts of leaves contains fine white hairs. Leaves are aromatic. After the root of raasna is taken out from the ground it is distinguished in thin and wide branches. Thin branches are more expensive hen sold in market.
Indications:
Arsa(haemorrhoids): hen raasna is boiled with milk and given to the patient it treats arsa.
Monograph on Raasna Page 36
Vatavyaadhi: Raasna is the choice of drugs for the vata vyaadhis. It preparation are given in all types of vata diseases.
Gridhasi (Sciatica): Raasna along with the guggul is given for the treatment of sciatica.
This nighantu also describes the species of raasna same as Bhavaprakash nighantu.
Bhaisajya Ratnawali:
Rasnaa Saptaka Kvatha
Ingradient:
Rasna, Amrita, Aaragvadha, Devdaru, Trikantaka, Eranda, Punarnavaa.
Process of Drug Making :
Obtain equal parts of the above ingradients and raise 25gm of their mix in pwder form. Decction the mix along 299ml of water. Continue the decoctoin till it is reduced to one fourth.
Methods Of Use / Administration / Therapeutic Benifits :
It should be mixed with the powder of Nagara and taken by patient suffering from pain in thigh, back, sacroiliac pint and sides of the chest.
Rasnaa Panchak Kvatha
Ingredient:
Rasana , guduchi, eranda, devdaru and mahausadha.
Process of Drug Making :
Monograph on Raasna Page 37
Obtain equal amount of the abhove ingradient and raise 25gm of their mix in powder form. Decot the mix alng with 200ml of water continue the decoction till it is reduced to one fourth.
Methods Of Use / Administration :
It shoulb be taken when Amavata prevades the entire body including joints, bones and bone marrow.
Therapeutic Benifits :
The decoction cures Amavatta.
Modern period jgf}iflw rGb|f]bo :
;+–gfs'nL, ;'/;f, /f;gf, ;k{uGwf, ;'uGwf, uwfgfs'nL, Pnfk0fL{, /;f, /;fbo,/f;gf . lx–/f;gf, /fo;g . j0f{g–/f;gfsf] ljifodf j}B ;dfhdf w]/} leGgtfx? 5g\ . leGg leGg k|fGtx?df leGg leGg j}Bx?n] b'O{y/Lsf leGg leGg /f;gf dfg]sf 5g\ . ;'k|l;4 jg:klt zf:qL euL/y :jfdL sr"/ju{df cfpg] Pnfk0fL{nfO{ /f;gf dflgG5 . t/ :juL{o k+l8t xl/kGghL cg';f/ Pnfk0fL{sf] cfsf/ lg0fL{t ul/Psf] /f;gf eGbf km/s 5 . To;}n] pgn] Pnfk0fL{nfO{ /f;gf dfGb}gg\ . csf]{ /f;gf k+hfasf] :jfdL xl/z0ffgGbhLn] sfa'nL ls;ld;nfO{ atfPsf 5g\ . of] jg:kltnfO{ jxf k"0f{ ljZjf;sf ;fy /f:gf eGg'x'G5 .
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Monograph on Raasna Page 38
Dr. Desai n] atfPsf] /f;gfsf] If'k s/La 3 ft. cUnf] x'G5 . of] j[If /;n] el/Psf] x'G5 . o;;sf] h/f ;'ulGwt x'G5 .
/f;gflb Sjfy /f;gf, gfu/df]yf, c8";f, lunf]o, uf]v?, jr, b]jbf?, x/8, sr"/, ;f]7, kLk/, ldr{, wlgofF, clt;, a8L s6]/L, ztfj/L, u+u]/g sL h8, P/+8sL h8, ;f]of, rJo, k'gg{jf,peL/Lu0fL ;a}nfO{ ;dfg efudf lnP/ s'6\g] . ! tf]nf kfgLdf pdfn]/ !÷$ efu kfgL afFsL /x]kl5 lgsfNg] . o;nfO{ of]u/fh u'Uu'nsf] ;fydf ;]jg ug]{ . c+8j[l4df /f;gflb Sjfy–/f;gf, lunf]o, u+u]/gsL h8, d'n]7L, uf]v? / P/+8sL h8sf Sjfy, s'5 P/+8 sf t]n ldnfs/ lknfg] ;] c+8j[l4 d] nfe xf]tf x} .
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by Dr. Krishna Chunekar Its stem and root are undergone researches in the mouse. Artificially an inflammation was induced on mouse and its chemical are tested. And it was compared with the modern drug Betamethasone. Raasna was found to be the best antiinflammatory action.
Indian medicinal plants: by Orient longman
Indian medicinal plants raasna stated in the ancient books is the sanskrit synonym of raasna.
Alpinia Galanga (Linn. Willd)
Family: Zingiberaceae
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Sanskrit name: Raasna, sugandhamula English name: Greater galangal, Java galangal Hindi: Kulanajn, Kulinjan
Distribution: through the western ghats , also cultivated.
Description: a perinnial, aromatic, rhizomatous herb 1.8-2.1 m in ht.
Leaves: oblong- lanceolate, glabrous, acuminate, very shortly petioled ligule short, rounded, ciliate. Flowers: fragnant, greenish white with red veined lips in dense panicles. Fruits: capsules orange red when ripe.
Parts used: Rhizomes
Properties and Uses: The rhizome are bitter, acrid, thermogenic, aromatic, nervine tonic, stimulant, revulsive, carminative, stomachic, disinfectant, aphrodisiac, expectorant, bronchiodilators, febrique,anti inflammatory and tonic. They are useful in vitiated conditions of vata and kapha, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation, stomatopathy, phayngiopathy, cough, asthama, bronchitis, hiccough, dyspepsia, obesity and intermittent fever.
Ayurvedic Medicinal plant and treatment
By Vd. Mana Bajra Bajracharya
S.N: Raasna
L.N : Vanda Roxburghii R. Br.
A perennial shrub grows in hill of temperate and sub tropical climate. Leaves 6-8 cm long. All parts of the plant bitter in taste, used in nerve defects in general.
Monograph on Raasna Page 40
Indian Medicinal plant
by Colonel K.R. Kirtikar & B.D Basu
Pluchea lanceolata C.B. Clarke: An erect undershrub, stem and branches terete slender, softly ahy pubescent. Leaves sessile, very Coracious, 3-5 cm long and 1-2 cm broad, oblong or oblanceolate, obtuse, apiculate, narrowed at the base, finely ahy pubescent at both sides. Entire main nerve prominant. Heads in compound corymbs, involcure, contracted at mouth. outer bracts 2-3 seriate, oblong vey obtuse, usually tinged with purple, the innermost bracts linear, subacute, few, paapus hairy distinctly connate at the base.
Indian medicinal plant
By C.P. Khare pluchea lanceolata C.B. Clarke
Family- compositae; asteraceae
Habitat- Punjab, Upper Gangetic plains, Gujarat, Rajathan.
Ayurvedic-Raasnaa, Rasanaa, Raasnikaa, Rasaa, Yuktaa, Yuktrasaa, Suvahaa, Elaaparni.
Folk –Vaaya-surai(uttar-pradesh), Raayasan.
Action- aerial part - mooth mucle relaxant.
Stem- anti-inflammatory. Pluchea lanceolata is rich source of rasanaa in Punjab, Uttarpradesh and Gujrat.vanda roxburghii is ued a Raasnaa in Bengal. Throughout South India, Alpinia galanga is accepted as Raasnaa.
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The stem and leaves contain moretenol, moretenol acetate, neolupenol, octacoanoic, hexacosanoic and tetracoanoic acid, tetrcosanol, hexacoanol, triacontanol, stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol-D-glucoside.
The petrolium extract of the stem and leaves and the chloroform-soluble portion of the methanolic extract exhibited 31.90% and 54.5%.antiodema activity, respectively.the triterpene, moretenol acetate, moretenol and neolupenol exhibited 55.2,32,8 and 39.7% anti inflamametory activity respectively as against ibuprofen as standard exhibiting 65.5% activity.
Dravya guna –Vigyana
Prof. P.V. Sharma
F.N.- Compositae
L.N.- Pluchea lanceolata C.B.Clarke
S.N.- Raasna, Yukta, Surabhi, Sughandha, Elaparni
H.N.-Raayan, Vayusurahi
Morphological charachters: Herb upto 1-4 ft in height, stem-hairy.
Leaf- 2-6cm long, oblong-lanceolate.
Flower- white, yellowish or brinjal colour in dense panicles.
Distribution-Punjab, Rajasthan. Gujrat.
C.C. : Leafs contain Quercetin, isorhamnetin and panchang contains Pluchin.
Guna –Guru
Rasa- Tikta
Vipaka-Katu
Virya- Ushna
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Doshakarma-Kaphavatasamaka
Systemic action
External- Sothahara, Sheethara and Bednashamak.
Internal-
Nervous system: Uttam Bedanashamak(analgesic)
Digetive system: Aampachan, shoolprashaman and rechan( laxative).
Circulatory system: Raktasodhak
Respiratory system: Kaasahara, swaasahara
Temperature: Jvaragna
Saatmikaran: Rasayan. bishagna and Brisya
Therapeutic Uses-
It is useful for kaphaj and vataj disorders.
External : Its called the best Sheethara i.e relief from the cold. It i also used in inflmammations and as painkiller.
Internal-
D/s- Tumour, stomachace, Constipation
N/s- Analgesic
C/s- Vatarakta
R/s-Prameha
Skin- Common cold, cough, Hiccough
Temperature- In fever
Parts Used : Leaves
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Dose : Kwaath- 50 to 100 ml.
Ayurvedic Preparation- Raasnaadi kwaath, raasnaadi grhita, raasnaadi tail etc.
Raasna:
Inula Cappa In Nepal Inula cappa is called as Raasna
Inula cappa Nepali name: Gaai tihaare Eng name: Golden samphire Distribution: Himalya(uttar pradesh to bhutan), India to China, Thailand, Morphological character: Erect shrub about 2m high. Leaves stalkd,alternate, 7-15 cm wide,oblong to lanceolate, narrowd at both end, distantly dentate, softly tomentose beneath. Flower heads yelow in corymbs. Fruit an achen, the hairs thickened at the ends. Pu root applictn root juice use root juice is given to treat fever. Bark juice mixed in equal amounts wid the decocttion of Myrica esculanta and Ficus semicordata is used in case of menstrual disorder. Root extract is usd for dysentery, rheumatoid pains and headache. Leaf paste is applied locally to relieve rheumatic pain.
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Hindu Materia Medica:
Raasna : Vanda, a genus of epiphyitic orchids of the trible vandae and subtrite sorantae. It is characterised by Unbranched loose racemes of rather large with very flat and spreading fleshy sepals and petals, all usulally nearly alike and contracted below, a lip ith saccate base, brad pollen- stalks, and a un happened column. There are about 20 species , native India and Malayan archipelago with one V- Hindshi in troical Australia. They bears spraeding , flat, two ranked, leaves, commonly feshy or criaceous, and often notched at the apex in one species V. teres, cylindrical resembeling grose quill. The handsme short pedicted flowers are borne on a lateral peduncle. Many species are highly prized in Europe and America for the size , fragnance, and beautiful colors of flowers and cuultivated under glass.
Chemical composition :
Dasgupta has reported the isolation of ß-sitoterol, acetyl choline chloride and quaternary base from the Pluchea lanceolata.Later on quercetin and isorhanmetin were also reported from the same genus. It also contain pluchin. Researches: Immuno supprsesant properties of Raasna Objective: To investigate the immunosuppressive potential of Pluchea lanceolata 50% ethanolic extract (PL) and its bioactive chloroform fraction (PLC). Materials and Methods: Preliminary screening of the Pluchea lanceolata 50% ethanolic extract (PL) was carried out with basic models of immunomodulation, such as, the humoral antibody response (hemagglutination antibody titers), cell-mediated immune response (delayed-type hypersensitivity), skin allograft rejection test, in vitro (C. albicansmethod), and in vivo phagocytosis (carbon clearance test). The extract was then fractionated with chloroform, n-butanol, and water to receive the respective fractions by partitioning. These fractions were employed for flow cytometry to study the T-cell specific immunosuppressive potential of these fractions. Results: Oral administration of PL at doses of 50 to 800 mg/kg in mice, with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) as an antigen, inhibited both humoral and cell-mediated
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immune responses, as evidenced by the production of the circulating antibody titer and delayed-type hypersensitiviy reaction results, respectively, and the immune suppression was statistically significant (P < 0.01) in Balb/C mice. PL also decreased the process of phagocytosis both in vitro (31.23%) and ex vivo (32.81%) and delayed the graft rejection time (30.76%). To study the T-cell-specific activities, chloroform, n-butanol, and water fractions from P. lanceolata were tested for T-cell specific immunosuppressive evaluation, wherein only the chloroform fraction (PLC) showed significant (P < 0.01) suppression of CD8+ / CD4+ T-cell surface markers and intracellular Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-Y) cytokines at 25 – 200 mg/kg p.o. doses. PLC, however, did not show significant suppression of the Th2 (IL-4) cytokine. Conclusion: The findings from the present investigation reveal that P. lanceolata causes immunosuppression by inhibiting Th1 cytokines. Net:
Pluchea lanceolata C.B. Clarke), popularly known as ‘Rasana’ has been traditionally used since ancient times by Ayurvedic practitioners, to treat various painful afflictions of joints. Therefore, it was decided to investigate the immunosuppressive potentials of this plant. The experimental design was carried out in two phases, where, in the first phase, the 50% ethanolic (EtOH) extract of P. lanceolata (PL) was explored for its immunosuppressive properties, using base models of immunomodulation, such as, humoral immune response, cell-mediated immune response (DTH), skin allograft rejection test, and in vitro and in vivophagocytic responses, and in the second phase the 50% EtOH extract was fractionated by partitioning with chloroform, n-butanol, and water, to separate the polarity-based molecules and investigate them for their presence or absence of bio-activity. The 50% EtOH extract of P. lanceolata (PL) showed a significant decrease in the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, in vitro and in vivo phagocytic bait. PL delayed the time for graft rejection, which again substantiated its putative immunosuppressive nature. The skin allograft rejection test is the simplest paradigm to assess cell-mediated immune response and is suggestive of the fact that PL has significant activity on cell-mediated immune responses also. Furthermore, downregulation of phagocytosis of murine macrophages also confirmed the immunosuppressive potential of PL. Macrophages play a vital role in immunity through cell-mediated immune responses. Macrophage activity is an indicator to prove the potential of an
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individual drug as an immunoenhancer or immunosuppressor. These results prompted us to fractionate 50% of the ethanolic extract and further extrapolate our studies on bioactive fractions. On further extrapolation of this study, the chloroform, n-butanol, and water fractions were investigated for flow cytometric studies on Th1 and Th2 cytokines, wherein, only the chloroform fraction (PLC) showed marked immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity, as evidenced from the downregulation of T-cell surface markers (CD8+/CD4+) and intracellular Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) cytokines . Normally, T cells expressing CD4 increase when the physiological systems of the body are stimulated, due to the activation of the non-specific immune status, and inhibition of this phenomenon shows the immunosuppression. When the body's defense mechanism is threatened by microorganisms or any other foreign invaders, the macrophages reactivate at the site of invasion to combat establishment of various infections. CD 4+ T-cell inhibition by P. lanceolata may be one of the factors responsible for the decrease in the functioning of the macrophages. The reduced responsiveness of the phagocytes is evident by the decrease in the clearance of carbon particles from the reticuloendothelial system and also in the reduction in the rate of phagocytosis in vitro by murine macrophages, thereby, suggesting a reduction in the functioning of macrophages]. PLC inhibited IL-2 production by CD4+ T cells in a dose-dependent manner. It is a growth factor for Th1 cytokines. It stimulates and facilitates the biosynthesis of IFN- γ in T cells. The inhibition of IL-2 is possibly responsible for the reduced secretion of IFN- γ by CD 8+ T cells. Apart from its role in T-cell activation, IFN-γ is known to be central to the full-blown activation of macrophages and its inhibition by PLC may be one of the important factors that cause a reduction in macrophage function. Generally, IFN- γ is released from T cells and macrophages, which proliferate the process of phagocytosis. However, the significant reduction in IL-2 and IFN-γ is suggestive of the immunosuppressive nature of PLC. Moreover, PLC has not shown significant reduction in IL-4 expression, which suggests that P. lanceolata has little effect on the Th2 system. Therapeutics uses:
It was already investigated the raasna has the immunosuppressive . It is widely used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in the indigenous systems of medicine. This plant is indicated in Ayurvedic texts for its therapeutic usefulness in diseases similar to rheumatoid arthritis and other afflictions of joints.
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Tribally, a poultice of leaves is applied to the inflammed areas of the body. The Ayurvedic practitioners of the region use this drug for treating pain and swelling of the body joint.
In experimental arthritis, a decoction of the plant has been reported to prevent the swelling of joints. The leaves are aperient and used as a laxative, analgesic, and antipyretic. Quercetin and isorhamnetin have been identified in the air-dried leaves of P. lanceolata.
Anti-inflammatory activity has been reported in the neolupinol isolated from the flowers of this plant. Flavonoids are reported as scavengers of free radicals and potent inhibitors of lipid peroxidation. Oral pre-treatment of the ethanolic extract significantly attenuated cadmium chloride, induced oxidative stress, and genotoxicity.
Pharmacology:
Early studies on the water soluble fraction of the ethanol extract of the whole plant showed two main effects—a spasmolytic action on the smooth muscle, and an acetylcholine like action. On exposure to this fraction relaxation occured in the isolated ileum of rabbit and rat, isolated rat uterus,and in situ ileum in the dog. Phenobarbital induced hypnosis was enhanced. Significant experimental data are reported on the role of this plant extracts on induced arthritis. The decoction of the whole plant in a dose of 1.5 mg (0.75 g. of the dry powder) given to non-adrenalectomised dogs for 10 days was most effective against formalin arthritis. The response was evaluated by a lessening of swelling of ankle joints and limb volume. In albino rats, the water soluble fraction of the 90% alcohol extract showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in induced formalin arthritis and granuloma pouch. Comparison with betamethasone, showed a lower mortality rate of 1 out of 12, as against 12 out of 29 given betamethasone. Gastric side effects-ulcer and bleeding occurred in 5 out of 12 rats given the Pluchea lanceolata extract and in 10 out of 12 rats exposed to betamethasone. An important clinical difference was that the plant extract suppressed the delayed periarticular changes more as compared to the acute
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inflammatory phase. Another study on the therapeutic aspect of Pluchea lanceolata was the comparison of the water-soluble fraction of the alcoholic extract with the non-saponifiable steroidal fraction, the test system being carageenan-produced hind paw oedema in albino rats. While the former extract did not show significant activity the latter steroidal fraction was significantly anti- inflammatory in action. It had, however, not much effect on the granuloma pouch. The anti-inflammatory potential of some ayurvedic compositions containing P. lanceolata extract was tested on experimental arthritis and granuloma pouch. These showed marked anti-inflammatory activity in both models. The decoction of the plant has been used in arthritis. The leaves are aperients and used as a laxative, analgesic and antipyretic.
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Summary
The ayurvedic formularies identifies raasna as pluchea lanceolata C.B Clark and recommends alpinia galanga Linn. Willd as a substitue for its specifying the part to be used in different formulations. In Dravyaguna vijyan Prof. P.V. sharma also uses the same identification. According to him it is the leaf which i to be used in different formulations.
The glossary of vegetable drug in brhattarayi, however advises u to use the root and mentions that it is alpinia galanga which is being used a substitue for this drug in south india. It also adds that the synonyms of raasna such as elaparni, raasna, yuktarasaa and gandhamula are appropiate for pluchea lanceolata and warn us against using vanda roxburgii and such other orchids.
On the contrary wealth of india and indian medicinal plants identifies raasna and its synonyms as the vanda tessellata( V. Roxburhii). For pluchea lanceolata the former gives raasna a it sanskrit name. Both these attribute to vanda sps, all the properties and uses mentioned in ayurvedic text for raasna. However wealth of india recommend the whole plant of pluchea lanceolata. While Dr. Laxmipati in 100 useful drug identifies raasna a another alpinia species , alpinia officinarum.
Bhavaprakash nighantu gives three latin names for raasna i.e, pluchea lanceolata, innula racemosa and vanda roxburghii. Again shaligram bhusana identifies raasna as vanda roxburghii or pluchea lanceolata. Shree K.M. Vaidya in his atanga hridya uses vanda roxburghii.
In recent publications it is seen reported that pluchea lanceolata, vanda roxburghii and alpinia galanga, all have antirheumatic properties and that form experimental tudies it has been proved that pluchea lanceolata is more effective than the other as a drug for rheumatic complaints. It has to be pointed out
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however that the description at the plants raasna mentioned by the Achrayas in the ancient teat have no similarities to vanda roxburghii.
Pluchea lanceolata which is abudantly available in north india. The glossary of vegetable drugs in brhattarayi mention that many synonyms for raasna are appropiate for pluchea lanceolata we have to be point aout that the words sugandhamula and elaparni which have certain particular connatations are appropiate to alpinia galanga than to pluchea lanceolata.
Indian medicinal plant, metrica medica and wealth of indian identifies a plant with sanskrit name Kulanjana as alpinia galanga. But Bhavaprakash, Rajnighantu and Nighanturatnaakaram mentioned raasna and kulanjana as two different plants and give them different properties.
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References:
I. Acharya Sukla Bidhyadhar and Prof. Tripathi Ravidutta; Charak Samhita, Latest Re-edition-2007, Vol. I & II published by Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan, Bangalo Road, Delhi. II. Shastri AmbikaDutta (Reprint 2064 B.S.), with Hindi commentary (vol. I & II) ; Sushrut Samhita, Edited with Ayurveda–Tattvo–Sandipaka & Chaukhamba orientalia, Varanasi. III. Gupta Atridev & Upadhyaya Shree Yadunandan; Astanga Hridaya, Reprint 2065B.S, Chaukhamba Orientalia, Sanskrit series, Vanarasi–1 India. IV. Apate Ganesh Vinayak; Raj Nighantu Sahito Dhanawontari Nighantu, Anandashram– Mudranalaya–1925, itgranthawol, varanasi. V. Devkota Koshnath; Nepali Nighantu, first edition 2025 – Nepal Rajkiya Pragnya Pratisthan. VI. Rajbaidhya Pandit Gaud Shankar Dutta; Shankar Nighantu, Banausadhi Bhandar Jabalpur – 1935. VII. Viadya Bapalal,Chaukhamba; Nighantu Adarsha, First edition, Biddya Bhawan publication, Gopal Mandir, Dane Varanasi. VIII. Das Ganga Visnu Shree Krishna; Madanpaal Nighantu, Edition- 2010B.S., Laxivenkateswor, steam press, Bombay. IX. Mohan Surendra; Kaiya Dev Nighantu; First edition(1928, Publisher – Das, Laxman meharchand). X. Shastri Dwivedi Bishwonath; Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Edition-2002, Banarasidas Motilal publication, New Delhi.
XI. Singh Ram Shushil; Banaushadhi Nirdesika (Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia), Ist Edition 1979; Motilal Banarasi Das Publ. India.
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XII. Pandit Shastrina Kasinath; Rasatarangini, Edition-2004, Published by Motilal Banarasidas, Mumbai. XIII. Sharma Priyavarta Dravya Guna Vigyan Vol. I, II., Re-edition-2009, Chaukhamba Bharati Academy, Vanarasi; XIV. Bhandari Chandra Raj; Banaushadi Chandrodaya, edition 1938, Gyanmandir Publication. XV. Navre R Krishna sahastri; Nighantu Ratnakar, Pandurang jawaji Publication, edition-1934. XVI. Chakraberty Chandra, Hindu Materica media, 2nd edition 1993, low price publication. XVII. Indian Medicinal Plant , Orient Longman publication,5th edition. XVIII. www.google.com, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficus_(genus), XIX. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compositae
XX. http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantefg/Ficus bengalensis XXI. http://www.inchem.org/documents/pims/plant/pim245.htm.
XXII. http://www.agricultureinformation.com/forums/medicinal-plants/Ficus
bengalensis.html.
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