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(Acari, Tenuipalpidae), with Redescription of Tenuipalpus Caudatus (Dugès) and Description of a New Species from Costa Rica

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(Acari, Tenuipalpidae), with Redescription of Tenuipalpus Caudatus (Dugès) and Description of a New Species from Costa Rica International Journal of Acarology ISSN: 0164-7954 (Print) 1945-3892 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/taca20 Definition of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto (Acari, Tenuipalpidae), with redescription of Tenuipalpus caudatus (Dugès) and description of a new species from Costa Rica Elizeu B. Castro, Ethan C. Kane, Reinaldo J. F. Feres, Ronald Ochoa & Gary R. Bauchan To cite this article: Elizeu B. Castro, Ethan C. Kane, Reinaldo J. F. Feres, Ronald Ochoa & Gary R. Bauchan (2016) Definition of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto (Acari, Tenuipalpidae), with redescription of Tenuipalpus caudatus (Dugès) and description of a new species from Costa Rica, International Journal of Acarology, 42:2, 106-126, DOI: 10.1080/01647954.2015.1130941 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2015.1130941 Published online: 02 Feb 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 61 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=taca20 Download by: [199.133.25.153] Date: 07 March 2016, At: 07:27 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY, 2016 VOL. 42, NO. 2, 106–126 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2015.1130941 Definition of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto (Acari, Tenuipalpidae), with redescription of Tenuipalpus caudatus (Dugès) and description of a new species from Costa Rica Elizeu B. Castroa, Ethan C. Kaneb, Reinaldo J. F. Feresc, Ronald Ochoad and Gary R. Bauchane aPrograma de Pós Graduação em Biologia Animal, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; bPlant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Riverdale, MD, USA; cDepartamento de Zoologia e Botânica, UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; dSystematic Entomology Laboratory (SEL), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville Agricultural Research Centre (BARC), Beltsville, MD, USA; eElectron and Confocal Microscopy Unit (ECMU), ARS-USDA, BARC, Beltsville, MD, USA ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The taxonomic history of the genus Tenuipalpus Donnadieu is discussed and Tenuipalpus caudatus Received 14 April 2015 (Dugès) (=Tenuipalpus palmatus Donnadieu) is redescribed based on specimens from Portugal inter- Accepted 2 December 2015 cepted at ports of entry in the United States, and references including photographic records of the Published online neotype of T. caudatus. In addition, a proposed new species, Tenuipalpus erbei sp. nov. is described 3 February 2016 from Costa Rica. Our results show that T. caudatus, T. erbei sp. nov. and another 36 known species of KEYWORDS Tenuipalpus share a pair of lateral body projections associated with setae c3, considered a synapomor- Flat mites; taxonomy; phy for the newly defined group, Tenuipalpus sensu stricto. We also show that its members share other systematics; Tenuipalpus character states, although these features are found elsewhere in Tenuipalpus and also in palmatus Donnadieu; body Ultratenuipalpus, indicating their origins are within Tenuipalpus. A list of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto projections; crests; species is presented. remote-sampling; low-temperature scanning electron microscopy Introduction (1979) transferred several species from Tenuipalpus to Tuttlepalpus, Colopalpus and Extenuipalpus. Donnadieu (1876) erected the new genus Tenuipalpus and placed Meyer (1979) did not consider the characteristics used by three species within it, Tenuipalpus palmatus, Tenuipalpus spinosus Mitrofanov important enough to separate genera, and proposed and Tenuipalpus glaber, but he did not designate a type species. the division of Tenuipalpus into six species groups instead based Later, Vitzthum (1929) designated T. palmatus as the type species primarily on character states similar to those used by Mitrofanov for the genus. Baker (1945), McGregor (1949) and Baker and (1973). The six species groups proposed by Meyer were caudatus, Pritchard (1953) mentioned T. palmatus as the type species of trisetosus, albae, elegans, granati and quadrisetosus. Thus, the the genus and provided a redescription based on specimens from genera erected by Mitrofanov (1973) were synonymized with the Berlese Collection. The main characteristics used by these Tenuipalpus – with the exception of Ultratenuipalpus, which she authors to define Tenuipalpus were the presence of a broad considered a valid genus based on the presence of non-flagelli- prodorsum and a narrow opisthosoma. Based on these simple form setae h2, three pairs of ps setae (apparently not considered Downloaded by [] at 07:27 07 March 2016 characteristics, many species have been described under this by Mitrofanov) and a four segmented palp. We feel that Meyer broad concept of Tenuipalpus (De Leon 1961; Manson 1963; considered the presence of setae ps3 in Ultratenuipalpus to be Collyer 1964, 1973; González 1968). Although the broader con- more significant than the form of h2, because Extenuipalpus also cept of Tenuipalpus would have included their new species, included species with non-flagelliform setae h2 and four segmen- Pritchard and Baker (1958) erected a new genus Colopalpus to ted palp, but this genus was included in her mass synonymy with accommodate Colopalpus matthyssei, thus providing a more pre- Tenuipalpus, which also included Colopalpus Pritchard & Baker. cise genus diagnosis to distinguish it from Tenuipalpus. Baker and Tuttle (1987) revised the false spider mites of Tenuipalpus has undergone some previous division, beginning Mexico and grouped the species of Tenuipalpus into either the with Reck (1959), who erected Extenuipalpus as a monospecific caudatus (f2 present) or the proteae (f2 absent) species groups. genus and designated Tenuipalpus quadrisetosus Lawrence as the They also further divided the caudatus species group into three type species. Mitrofanov (1973) followed with the proposed divi- subgroups: anoplus (one pair 3a, one pair 4a), bakeri (two pairs 3a, sion of Tenuipalpus into seven genera. Of these, two have setae one pair 4a) and annonae (one pair 3a, two pairs 4a) subgroups. h2 non-flagelliform – Ultratenuipalpus (f2 present; four segmented Meyer (1993) accepted the division proposed by Baker and Tuttle palp); Extenuipalpus (f2 absent; three segmented palp); and five (1987), and added two new subgroups to the caudatus group, have setae h2 flagelliform – Tuttlepalpus (c1, d1, f2 present; e1 namely the pacificus (two pairs 3a, two pairs 4a) and eriophyoides absent; three pairs 3a, three pairs 4a2); Aegyptopalpus (c1, f2 (one pair 3a, four pairs 4a) subgroups; and divided the proteae present; d1, e1 absent; one pair 3a, two pairs 4a); Gnathopalpus group into three subgroups: rhusi (one pair 3a, one pair 4a), (c1, d1, e1 present; f2 absent; two pairs 3a, four pairs 4a); keiensis (one pair 3a, two pairs 4a) and xerocolus (two pairs 3a, Deleonipalpus (c1 present; d1, e1, f2 absent; one pair 3a, two two pairs 4a) subgroups. Meyer (1993) also synonymized pairs 4a); and Tenuipalpus (c1, d1, e1, f2 present; one to two Amblypalpus Mitrofanov & Strunkova, 1978 (with a non-flagelli- pairs 3a, one pair 4a). For purposes of these divisions, this study form h2) with Tenuipalpus, again indicating that she did not see mainly considered the number of lateral setae (i.e. the presence/ the form of h2 as phylogenetically significant. absence of setae f2) and central setae (i.e. the presence of setae After this somewhat recent regrouping, Tenuipalpus was bro- d1 and e1) on the dorsal opisthosoma. Mitrofanov and Strunkova ken up once more. Mesa et al. (2009) published the catalogue of CONTACT Elizeu B. Castro [email protected] © 2016 Taylor & Francis INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY 107 Tenuipalpidae and considered Amblypalpus and Tenuipalpus to be Trombidium caudatus Dugès. These authors regarded Acarus tini distinct and valid genera. They also transferred several species Boisduval, Tenuipalpus palmatus Donnadieu and Caligonus calyx bearing setae h2 non-flagelliform from Tenuipalpus to Canestrini & Fanzago as new synonyms of Tenuipalpus caudatus Ultratenuipalpus. Furthermore, Castro et al. (2015a) reinstated (Dugès). This synonymy created confusion, because although the genus Colopalpus from Tenuipalpus based on differences of now a synonym of T. caudatus, the name T. palmatus remains the body shape and position of the leg setae. These authors the type species for the genus. Subsequently, several authors presented C. pedrus Manson and C. mansoni Collyer as valid have cited the type species of Tenuipalpus in different ways: species of Colopalpus, and transferred C. nambii (Castro & Feres) Meyer (1979) cited Tenuipalpus caudatus (Dugès) (= T. palmatus and C. zahirii (Khanjani & Seeman) from Tenuipalpus to Donnadieu); Baker and Tuttle (1987) and Meyer (1993) cited T. Colopalpus. palmatus Donnadieu = Trombidium caudatus Dugès; and Mesa Currently, Tenuipalpus includes over 300 described species et al. (2009) cited the type species of Tenuipalpus as Tenuipalpus (Mesa et al. 2009; Beard et al. 2012a; Castro et al. 2015b). As defined palmatus Donnadieu (p. 71), and it is also cited as a junior by Beard et al. (2012a), all Tenuipalpus have setae h2 flagelliform, synonym of T. caudatus (p. 75). lack the dorsosublateral setae (c2, d2, e2), have reduced palpal André (2011) redescribed T. caudatus and also followed the syno- segmentation (one to three segments), a broad flat projection
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