www.YoYoBrain.com - Accelerators for Memory and Learning Questions for International Film History Final Study Guide

Category: Terms - (98 questions) "Angry Young Man" School Simultaneous to New Wave-around 1961, in British Cinema, used to describe "kitchen sink dramas" Focusing on younger generation in Great Britain and their anger and frustrations and focused on working class youth and their limited opportunities Most of the films being made are adaptations of critically acclaimed novels and plays Anime Japanese word that means animation; By January of 1997, 75% of all live action feature films in the world, included some type of digital effect or animation Jean Aurenche and Pierre Bost Key figures in the Tradition of Quality writers Not a strong studio system at this time Australian Film Commission New version of trying to fund things Government will finance and judge viability of projects Over 5 year period, AFC helps finance almost 50 feature films Did better financially of judging what to finance and got money back of about half of investments "Australian New Wave" Government favors in helping support films that will go towards global audiences and recognizing heritage "Auteur theory" Alexandre Astruc: le camera-stylo Tries to position the camera as the "pen that is writing" Francois Truffaut: Emphasis on director: argues for trying to create director as the main author and show that cinema is art and that it must have an artist, but should be the director not the screen writer Auteur vs. metteur-en-scene: someone who helps put things into the frame, but aren't as concerned with trying to do something really creative. Issues: ideas and themes that show up across from film to film by a certain director. Techniques: likes to improvise scenes Auteur vs. metteur-en-scene someone who helps put things into the frame, but aren't as concerned with trying to do something really creative. Andre Bazin Founder of Cahiers du Cinema, major film theorist of how cinema works Acts as a mentor to a lot of film enthusiast Beijing Film Academy Shut down at beginning of the cultural revolution First graduating class after cultural revolution was class of 1982 Zhang Yimou Ingmar Bergman Swedish director of Persona (1966)

The Virgin Spring (1960) Born in 1918 Theatre background Kammerspiel 1941: scriptwriter 1945: director mid 1970's: tax troubles and breakdown mid 1980's: retires from film directing Stylistic motifs silences and close-ups Crisp photography Sven Nykvist Psychologiacl studies Issues: something to give life meaning religion Medical authority/science Family Art/imagination

Bollywood Films made in what used to be called as Bombay--equivalent to the mindset of Hollywood- huge star system, many big budget films, not trying to be art cinema, trying to get big ticket sales By mid 1970s Bollywood made up to 450 films a year By 1980s it had doubled that number, about 800 films a year Feature link films, but major epic form American standards Typical Bollywood film was 3 hours long Done with intermission- look as evening entertainment Indian television was government overseen, and only one TV station so not a lot of people watched TV and had to go to the movies instead "The bush" Unpopulated, back area countries, deserts, farm lands Cahiers du Cinema Film cinema notebooks Andre Bazin founder, major film theorist of how cinema works. Acts as a mentor to a lot of film enthusiast Francois Truffaut, Jean Luc-Godard, Claude Start writing articles for Cahiers du Cinéma, Chabrol start off as film critics and become part of new wave Jane Campion Female Australian director who does a variety of things in 80s and 90s CGI (computer-generated imagery) Time/labor saving Synergy Rigid geometric of early CGI Claude Chabrol Director from the French New Wave who arose out of the Cahiers du cinema group Jackie Chan Somewhat of a substitute for Bruce Lee, His early career was characterized by trying to fit him into that role, instead of developing his own star image. Raised as an acrobat. Chara Long-range narrative and character development Chinese Cultural Revolution 1966: nationalism, suppress western ideas, literally a purge of artists, intellectuals, teachers, historians, anyone who could be accused of western thinking, lots of moving around, disappearances, people living in china aware of it being a scary time A grab for power by Mao Zedong who establish himself as the father of the country; "I am China" Raymond Chow Hired by Shaw brothers, VP in charge of production, under him the studio really blossoms, reworking martial arts genre, revenge plots simple, action scenes done long and well Starts independent studio Golden Harvest in 1970 after ugly spit with Shaw Brothers Cinema Novo Brazil's version of a new wave, trying to deal with ideas of trying to make films that speak for people who are often not allowed to speak, minorities and homeless people "Aesthetics of hunger" Glauber Rocha Ruy Guerra Surrealist style, subjective viewpoint, trying to deal with real issues Cinematechque Francaise Archive for films for various materials, but also had meeting rooms, screenings, various festivals Cine-club on a large scale, funded by federal government that talked about cinema seriously Cine Moviles Jeeps with cameras and projectors to show films to the farmers what was going on Diaspora People who have picked up and left for another country, can refer to any group Distanciation Has to do with an interpreter's inability to distance himself from his presuppositions in the interpretive process and discerning the meaning of the text. We all have presuppositions which are simply beliefs or convictions we hold prior to handling the text (also called apriori convictions or control beliefs). Having presuppositions is not bad, of course, but what is detrimental and fallacious is when we use our presuppositions to influence our interpretation and alter the meaning of the text. Nelson Pereira dos Santos First important neorealist film from S.A. or Brazil Directed How Tasty Was My Little Frenchman (1971) Neorealist movement Frantz Fanon Algerian psychologist, argued that it neocolonialism a mental or cultural things as well. Having been dominated for many generations leaves a strong effect, sense of the shadow of western domination lurking in the corner, idea that western ideas are better than their own ideas. Following the same patterns that they learned from the people who dominated them, reflects the colonizer's ideas, Cine Liberacion Radical, anti-imperialist movement that was tied into radical politics Rainer Werner Fassbinder The outsider: people out there who are being ignored Stylistic Vergremden (style of theater and film that does not start just in German New Cinema ; big in German culture, doesn't want to pull you in emotionally, but does not want to turn you off) Centrality of performance; Melodrama Influenced by Sirk and wrote a major article about why Sirk is so good; Douglas Sirk moved to Hollywood Film Subsidy Bill (West Germany) Government's way of getting funds that they could then use to lend grants and give to filmmakers. A tax was put on every movie ticket that was sold that tax would then go into a fund that would b e dispersed by a government run board. In order to make it un-Nazi like, the government handed out the funds based on the profit that you made on your last film. Amendment (1971): created because the directors started chasing the money, so many of the new directors that came in starting drifting into doing, dumb, sex comedies to draw big audience and get more money. Awards grants to filmmakers whose films have won prizes at international film festivals: artistic merit needed Mandate that they will not give funding from the bill to projects that are soft core porn or low quality films Creates a number of new international film festivals that will be held within Germany which will allow more people win awards and show their films for funding Filmverlag der Autoren Originally supposed to help make independent films for younger filmmakers (new generation) but soon realized that the major issue was getting the films distributed, so it became a distribution company to help young German filmmakers get their movies out to film festivals By mid 70s, increased opportunities to get funding, increased accessed to films--have full fledged movement of new Frauen und Film Film journal founded in 1974 "women and film" doing reviews of different movies but also articles about women film directors. Founded by Helke Sander and other women Gang of Four Mao Zedong's board that oversaw all of the arts, Mao's wife was on the board. They shut down the film industry because it was so heavily influenced by Western Hollywood, and waited to re-open it "until a more pure Chinese way of making a film was invented." They also banned all foreign films and banned all films that had been made in China before the Cultural Revolution, so basically film ceased to exist. There were only a handful of films made through the rest of the 1960s in China, and they were mainly newsreels. Jean-Luc Godard French New Wave director Came out of Cahiers du Cinema group Directed Breathless (1961) Golden Harvest 1970 studio created by Raymond Chow after his nasty split with Shaw Brothers. Aims even wider than trying to dominate eastern theaters, but also Western audiences, intl. markets, going for James Bond stuff. Griot African magic and luck, sly joking commentary, types of music or editing, trying to emphasize his subjective viewpoint from behind the camera, used in films of Ouseme Sembene Tsui Hark went to SMU, left after white boys tired him out, Hong Kong version of Stephen Spielberg-esque movies . helps foster John Woo Produced The Killer (1989) Started production company Film Workshop Heimatfilm Homeland film, tends to be Alpine, small town, harvests, farms, that idea is extremely popular in German culture, shows the core of German life and history, usually very old fashioned, easy, warm, sentimental Hentai Violence and female pulchritude, sex Werner Herzog Committed to Eisner, made a pilgrimage to be at her bedside if she died, getting all mystic and religious Lotte Eisner: early German film historian ICAIC Film school in Cuba that teaches kids how to film "Imperfect cinema" Consciously rough around the edges, somewhat shaky hand held camera. Forces people in the audience to work and become more involved International co-production is a film made by production companies from different countries. Due to the expense of filmmaking, many films made outside the United States are international co-productions. For example, Amelie is set in France and stars French actors, but many scenes were shot in a German film studio and the post-production work was undertaken by a German film company.International co-productions open new markets for films and television programs and can increase the output of high quality productions through the sharing of equity investment Peter Jackson Starts out with off-the-wall films then moves into more mainstream tings in 1990s and then makes "The Lord of the Rings" then "King Kong" Mimics what happened with Australian films and directors Jump cuts Looks like someone cut out a piece of the film- you lose a couple frames, it contradicts basic film editing of continuity Kammerspiel Chamber Theater, less than 200 seats stage is close to actors, not big lavish productions. 3 or 4 characters, psychological dramas. Popular in Swedish theater in 1930s Kulturnation Idea that the culture (literature, music, cinema, art) is what helps define a national identity, not just the military or constitution or laws, true sense of what Germany is. Government tried to support this idea by providing funding to help define what Germany was (east vs. west) Late Capitalism tied to the concept of postmodernism--of a more advanced form of capitalism that we are currently living with...where there are international conglomerates that own multiple types of companies. This is tied to international film, in that entertainment conglomerates that span the globe make it harder to discuss films as being part of a "national" cinema. Bruce Lee Put under contract by Golden Harvest, becomes Intl. Star after failed attempts to break into HW. Preferred longer takes because it emphasized that he was actually doing his stunts. Breaks Asian box office records, Untimely death. Manga Graphic novel or comic book in English; tied to woodblock printing, creating something and pressing it out onto a page; mass-produced wood block printing. Multiple genres. Men wrote both categories. Masala film 1970s Bollywood film style: a stew, so it is a variety of different things, because what you get in Bollywood in this time is a little bit of everything, films do not fit into any one genre. Mecha "Cyberpunk" nihilism Melodrama a play, film, or other work in which emotion is exaggerated and plot and action are emphasized in comparison to the more character-driven emphasis within a drama. Metteur-en-scene Someone who helps put things into the frame, but aren't as concerned with trying to do something really creative. Issues: ideas and themes that show up across from film to film by a certain director. Techniques: likes to improvise scenes George Miller Surpasses Peter Weir, does popular, main-stream, popcorn movies Hayao Miyazaki animator, most important guy in anime right now, acknowledges Tezuka's importance and influence. Disney is distributing Miyazaki's stuff in the US because he's doing the stuff they want to be doing. His movie Princess Monohoke did better in Japan than Titanic. Mono no aware Contemplating the beauty of something, most particularly because of it's briefness that it is not going to last, it is going to disappear and that's what makes it so beautiful Ex: Cherry Blossoms Mad Max (1978) with Mel Gibson, non-art movies, popular movie, tied to Australia Movietown Shaw Brothers movie studio, churning out movies super fast, never shut down, always open and running, every hour out of the day all year round Neocolonialism independent in every legal basis, own courts own military, etc. but still very dependent on former colonizer economically and culturally, still tied to former colonizer, still dependent, works to a degree on colonizer's side by controlling their economy. Nouvelle Vague New Wave vs. "Left Bank" New Wave of a new generation that takes over what is going on Most people are not differentiating between these two groups at first in 1950s, but there is a lot in common with young French producers Main Difference: Left Bank people are more likely to be more extreme and are more avant-garde film makers more likely to do documentaries and New Wave people are focused on fictional narrative Sven Nykvist Cinematographer for Persona (1966) OAVs Original Animation Videos- anime Otaku Means "obsessive fan" in English. Name given by American anime fans to themselves; it has negative connotation in Japanese. Pastiche using things that worked in the past in new movies: carriage down stairs, family guy, In The Killer: allusions to westerns, Mickey mouse and dumbo, Picnic at Hanging Rock (1975) The movie takes place during the Victorian film based on a true story of all girls' school going on a field trip out to Hanging Rock. During the outing girls disappear and were never found, not even their dead bodies. Creates sense of being over-civilized and encountering unbridled nature Post-colonialism Third World Era after being a colony, and many places gain their independence and turn into their own countries after WWII Allows these colonies to let them make their own films that reflect their own country Postmodernism "What people refer to as "high-concept" filmmaking - movies you can describe in 25 words or less" Describes the articulation of ideas of postmodernism through the cinematic medium. Postmodernist film upsets the mainstream conventions of narrative structure and characterization and destroys (or, at least, toys with) the audience's suspension of disbelief to create a work in which a less-recognizable internal logic forms the film's means of expression. Alain Resnais another French director who came to prominence in the late 1950s. The textbook points out that Resnais was part of a somewhat separate (and more avant-garde) circle called the "Left Bank" group, but most people at the time considered him to be part of the French New Wave in general. Helke Sander Organized first seminar for female German filmmakers in Berlin in 1973 Andrew Sarris A critic who introduced Francois Truffaut's concepts of the auteur theory to English-speaking audiences in the 1960s. Self-Reflexivity When the work of art reflects back on itself and calls attention to itself. Constantly being reminded that you're watching a movie. By this point, in 1959, no longer a sense of what figuring out what cinema can do, but rather, now the movies they make are often talking about movies that they have seen Move into making movies about other movies Constantly acknowledging all other films that were made before them that effects the way they make movies now Ousmene Sembene African director: Griot - magic and luck, sly joking commentary, types of music or editing, trying to emphasize his subjective viewpoint from behind the camera, used in films of Ouseme Sembene Run Run Shaw Hong Kong Cinema 1950's - Own hotels and theaters in Singapore, move to Hong Kong to get into the film industry, establishing their own studios, named Shinto Japanese homegrown religion, nature-worship. Seeing the divine in nature itself Shojo manga Aimed at female audiences- emphasizes emotions, characters have bigger eyes Shonen manga Aimed at male audiences Douglas Sirk A German film director best known for his work in Hollywood melodramas in the 1950s. Influenced by Fassbinder Alberto Solanas and Octavio Gettino Argentina documentary filmmakers (I think) Third Cinema similar to imperfect cinema, more personal, independent, international autuer cinema, gorilla cinema, to try and bring down a culture and a society in order to build a new society where they are breaking free from neo colonialism. More confrontational, trying to get the audience more involved in what is going on The Hour of the Furnaces (1968) most famous, party fictional, documentary, op-ed piece essay Song Sequence Made first in the films and usually directed by a different person than who directs the films The popularity of the songs can help get the film finished because the music is put out there first Subjectivity What is reality and trying to portraying to the world one person's view of the world and recognize that this may not actually be how things are, but this is how a person sees it Emphasis on memories and showing inter-workings of someone's mind Films being subjective viewpoint of director Osamu Tezuka Father of Japanese anime, someone who started off working in manga before moving over to animation Astro Boy (1964)- TV series with influence of Disney Ongoing adventures of a scientist who loses his wife and son in a car crash so makes his own robot boy Kimba the White Lion (1966)- TV series with influence of Disney About a young lion who is separated from his parents and his mom is killed by a hunt Third Cinema Similar to imperfect cinema, more personal, independent, international autuer cinema, gorilla cinema, to try and bring down a culture and a society in order to build a new society where they are breaking free from neo colonialism. More confrontational, trying to get the audience more involved in what is going on Third World Developing countries on the sidelines of the war. "Tradition of Quality" Prestigious, high class films This is going on in Britain and French cinema Tend to have big production values, higher budgets, costume pieces Dealing with historical events, being literary adaptations, films of great plays or novels Emphasizes script-the key creative figure are the script writers Trauerbeit The work of mourning, as part of this trying to recover from the German past, there is a large amount of this going on during mid 70s. Tropicalism Celebration of indigenous culture, a little hard-edged, less about hardships, but more happy positive and fun and uplifting to population Francois Truffaut Emphasis on director: argues for trying to create director as the main author and show that cinema is art and that it must have an artist, but should be the director not the screen writer Udigrudi Angry politicized films that often are critiquing not just escapist entertainment, but good taste that lurks around in cinema novo. Against cinema novo and claim that they are not intense enough Peter Weir Director of Gallipoli (about WWII) and The Year of Living Dangerously. Both feature Mel Gibson Wim Wenders In many films you can see him referencing Fritz Lang and F. W. Murnau John Woo A critically acclaimed international Chinese film director and producer. Director of The Killer (1989) Zhang Yimou Part of the first 1982 graduating class of the Beijing Film Academy after the 1966cultural revolution, starts as cinematographer, moves to directing, really great eye for color, camera placement, types of stories often about individuals trapped in an oppressive system, but the characters only vent out their frustration by oppressing someone lesser, rather than acting against the oppression; the color red predominates his films Young German Cinema During the 1950s, German cinema is not doing anything interesting anymore and German government tries to support the film industry Zoom lenses Developed in WWII, can first be seen used in French New Wave films