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Friedenthal-Meelis.Pdf Dissertationes theologiae universitatis Tartuensis 13 Dissertationes theologiae universitatis Tartuensis 13 Meelis Friedenthal Tallinna Linnaarhiivi Tractatus moralis de oculo TARTU ÜLIKOOLI KIRJASTUS Usuteaduskonna nõukogu otsusega 19. maist 2008 on Meelis Friedenthali väitekiri “Tallinna Linnaarhiivi Tractatus moralis de oculo” (Th e Tractatus moralis de oculo of the Tallinn City Arch ives) lubatud kaitsmisele doctor theologiae kraadi kaitsmiseks TÜ usuteaduskonna doktorikraadide kaitsmise komisjonis. Eelretsenseerinud Jüri Kivimäe, knd (ajalugu) ja Priit Raudkivi, PhD. Juhendaja: Urmas Pett i, dr. theol. Oponent: Jüri Kivimäe, knd (ajalugu). Kaitsmine toimub 22. augustil kell 12.15 TÜ nõukogu saalis. ISSN 1406-2410 ISBN 978-9949-11-899-1 (trükis) ISBN 978-9949-11-900-4 (PDF) Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus www.tyk.ee Tellimus nr 260 Käesolev väitekiri on alguse saanud Inge Lauriku tähele- panekust Tallinna Linnaarhiivi Tractatus moralis de oculo kohta ning sellele seigale võlgneb enda olemasolu kogu dissertatsioon. Et mul aga oli võimalik selle käsikirja- ga kui füüsilise objektiga tegeleda, võlgnen tänu Tallinna Linnaarhiivile ja eriti Tiina Kalale. Siiski oleks töö jäänud poolikuks, kui Rich ard Newhauser poleks mul võimaldanud kasutada oma märkmeid ja Eestis viibimise ajal juhtinud tähelepanu mitmetele olulistele detailidele käsikirja juures. Tema konsultatsioonid on olnud töö valmimise juures hin- damatu väärtusega. Raamatu kodikoloogilise poole kirjelda- misel olid mulle abiks Rene Haljasmäe märkused, säilitamis- alaste tähelepanekute ja kõige erinevamatel teemadel inspi- reerivate vestluste eest tänan Kurmo Konsat. Samamoodi on mind palju aidanud nii sisulise vestluse kui toimetamise ja asjalike nõuannetega Anu Lepp ja Pärtel Piirimäe. Tractatus de oculo mõistmiseks vajaliku fi losoofi lise teeraja kätt ejuha- tamise eest tänan Eduard Parhomenkot. Toetuse ja võima- luse eest sellise teemaga teaduse ja religiooni problemaa- tika raames tegeleda tänan Anne Kulli, kelle osavõtlikkus on mul võimaldanud akadeemilises sfääris üldse püsida. Akadeemilises sfääris siiani püsida on aidanud mind ka mu perekonna – fi losoofi line – kannatlikkus. Minu juhendaja Urmas Pett i on andnud mulle selle väitekirja kirjutamiseks hädavajaliku mõtt eraamistuse ning vestlused temaga sun- disid mind mitmeid olulisi momente selle töö juures ümber hindama – ilma tema heade nõuanneteta oleks see töö tõe- näoliselt kirjutamata jäänud. Lõpuks aga tahan tänada Marju Lepajõed, kelle töö oli paleo- graafi a, ümberkirjutuse ja tõlke valmimise juures otsustava tähtsusega – tema parandusteta oleks tulemus olnud prae- gusest palju halvem. Siiski mitt e tehtud töö vaid maailma- vaate ja eeskuju pärast pühendan selle väitekirja austusega talle. Tartus, 4. juunil 2008 Meelis Friedenthal Sisukord Töös kasutatavad lühendid 9 Paleograafi liste ja kodikoloogiliste terminite valiksõnastik 11 0. Siß ejuhatus 15 0.1. Meetod 16 0.2. Cm3 uurimiß eis ja käsikirjaga seotud küsimused 18 0.3. Töö ülesehitus ja selle põhjendus 22 0.4. Ajalised ja ruumilised piirid 24 I osa 1. Cm3 koodeks 27 1.1. Cm3 kokkuvõtlik kodikoloogiline kirjeldus 28 1.2. Cm3 köite deskriptiivne ülevaade 31 1.2.1 Köitenahk ja kaas 32 1.2.2 Köitmed 34 1.2.3. Lukkum 36 1.2.4. Kett 37 1.2.5. Pärgament 39 1.2.6. Kollatsioon 40 1.2.7. Õmblused 41 1.3. Kokkuvõte 42 2. Paleograafi line analüüs 43 2.1. Cm3a-f: 1r–256v 46 2.2. Cm3g: 257r–272v 50 2.3. Numbrid ja punktuatsioon 52 2.4. Kokkuvõte 53 3. Tractatus moralis de oculo 55 3.1. Limoges’i Petrus 56 3.2. Uued teaduslikud tekstid 59 3.3. Perspectiva põhitekstid 13. sajandil 61 3.4. Jutlustamisest ja jutlustekstide levimisest 13. sajandil 66 3.5. Teaduse ja religiooni suhted Pariisis 13. sajandil 70 3.6. Kokkuvõte 72 7 4. Cm3g kirjutamise asjaolud 74 4.1. Cm3g ümberkirjutuse iseloom 76 4.2. Autoriteetide kasutus 81 4.3. Cm3g lisandused võrreldes P8-ga 83 4.4. Klaß ikahuvilised mendikandid 86 4.5. Kokkuvõte 88 5. Cm3g kommentaar 89 5.1. Limoges’i Petruse teooria nägemise ja silma ehituse kohta 89 5.1.1. Intro- ja ekstramiß ioon 91 5.1.2. Kuri silm ja species 92 5.1.3. Silma ehitus ja nägemise füsioloogia 95 5.2. Moraaliallegooriline käsitlus 97 5.2.1. Distinctio 97 5.2.2. Exempla 99 5.2.3. Visio beatifi ca 102 5.3. Kokkuvõte 104 6. Cm3g jõudmine Eestiß e 105 6.1. Cm3 ja Cm4 käsikirjade taust 105 6.2. Kunstiajaloolised argumendid 109 6.3. Kokkuvõte 110 7. Kokkuvõte 111 II osa 8. Cm3g tekst 115 8.1. Põhimõtt ed, millest on lähtutud transkriptsiooni ja tõlke tegemisel 115 8.2. Cm3g transkriptsioon ja tõlge 117 Kirjandus 185 Lisa 1 197 Summary 199 8 Töös kasutatavad lühendid AL Aristoteles Latinus CLCLT CETEDOC Library of Christian Latin Texts CM Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Mediaeualis Cm3 Tallinna Linnaarhiiv f. 230, n. 1, s. Cm 3 Cm3a Tallinna Linnaarhiiv f. 230, n. 1, s. Cm 3 fol. 1ra-123rb Cm3b Tallinna Linnaarhiiv f. 230, n. 1, s. Cm 3 fol. 123rb-127r Cm3c Tallinna Linnaarhiiv f. 230, n. 1, s. Cm 3 fol. 127ra-vb Cm3d Tallinna Linnaarhiiv f. 230, n. 1, s. Cm 3 fol. 128ra-198vb Cm3e Tallinna Linnaarhiiv f. 230, n. 1, s. Cm 3 fol. 199ra-202ra Cm3f Tallinna Linnaarhiiv f. 230, n. 1, s. Cm 3 fol. 202rb-256va Cm3g Tallinna Linnaarhiiv f. 230, n. 1, s. Cm 3 fol. 257r-272v Cm4 Tallinna Linnaarhiiv f. 230, n. 1, s. Cm 4 Cm8 Tallinna Linnaarhiiv f. 230, n. 1, s. Cm 8 CSEL Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum In principio Brepolise andmebaasi ladina tekstide incipite indeks Kaeppeli Th omas Kaeppeli, Scriptores Ordinis Praedicatorum Medii Aevi, 4. voll. (Roma: Ad S. Sabinae, 1970–1993) LUB 5 Liv-, Est- und Curländisch es Urkundenbuch nebst Regesten, ed. Friedrich Georg von Bunge, vol. 5 (Reval: Laakmann 1868) OFM Ordo Fratrum Minorum, frantsisklane OP Ordo Praedicatorum, dominiiklane ms manuscriptum, käsikiri MGH, SS Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores P8 Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France MS. lat. 16396, ff . 3r-46v PL Migne Patrologia Latina SChr Sources Chrétiennes SL Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 9 Szirmai J. A. Szirmai, Th e arch aeology of medieval bookbinding (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999). TLA Tallinna Linnaarhiiv TLA & EAM Tiina Kala, Mittelalterlich e Handsch rift en in den Sammlungen Kataloog des Stadtarch ivs Tallinn und des Estnisch en Historisch en Museums. Katalog (Tallinn: Tallinna Linnaarhiiv, 2007). TRE Th eologisch e Realenzyklopädie 10 Paleograafi liste ja kodikoloogiliste terminite valiksõnastik allpikendus (ingl. descender, Minuskeltähe tüve pikendus, mis ulatub tähe- saks. Unterlänge) keha tasemest allapoole, nt p, q anglicana Kursiivne raamatukiri, mis oli kasutusel Briti saartel peamiselt 13.–14. sajandil bifoolio (ingl. bifolium, Keskelt volditud pärgamendileht, moodustab saks. Doppelblatt) kollatsioonis kaks lehte currens Madala teostusastmega kiri, vrd formata ja libraria cursiva Kiri, mille pikk s ja f ulatuvad baasjoonest alla- poole, tähekeha ja üla- ning allpikenduste oma- vaheline suhe on suurem kui textualis tüüpi kirjal, kiirema kirjutamise tõtt u esinevad sageli silmused, vrd currens kustos Sõna, mis on kirjutatud poogna viimase lehe (ingl. catch word, marginaaliasse (tavaliselt alumisele serva- saks. Reklamante) le). Viitab järgmise poogna esimesele sõna- le, olles niiviisi abiks korrektse kollatsiooni moodustamisel ductus Suletõmmete arv, suund ja järjekord, mille abil moodustatakse üks täht või märk formata Formaalne ja kõrgetasemeline kirja teostus, vrd currens ja libraria joon (ingl. stroke, saks. Strich ) Ükskõik, milline kõver või sirge joon joonimine (ingl. ruling, Lehekülje ett evalmistamine kirjutamiseks – tul- saks. Linierung) pade, tekstikasti, marginaalia jms piiritlemine. Võib olla tehtud stiilusega, tinaga või tindiga kaar (ingl. arch , saks. Bogen) Minuskeltähe tüvest lähtuva avatud joonega loodud tähekeha, nt h, n käsi (ingl. hand, saks. Hand) Kirjutajale iseloomulikud tähekujud, vrd kiri kiri (ingl. script, saks. Sch rift ) Kirjatüüp, mida kirjutaja üldisemalt järgib, vrd käsi 11 kollatsioon (ingl. collation, Poognate ülesehitus ja nende köitmise järjekord, saks. Kollation) väljendatakse kollatsioonivormeliga libraria Keskmise teostusastmega kiri, vrd currens ja formata ligatuur (ingl. ligature, Kahe või enama tähe ühendamine ühte märki, saks. Ligatur) nii et mõlema algupärast kuju on muudetud littera duplex Kahest eraldatud ja erivärvilisest osast koosnev initsiaal littera notabilior Põhitekstiga sama värvi, esile tõstetud suurtäht, tihti veidi keerulisema töötlusega ja mõeldud eelkõige lõigu süntaksi selgitamiseks litterae parisiensis Textualis (libraria või currens) tüüpi kiri, mis on spetsiaalselt adapteeritud kiiremaks ja kom- paktsemaks kasutamiseks lombard 7.–8. sajandi Põhja-Itaalia kirja mõjul arenenud dekoreerimata suurtähtede vorm lõpp-positsioon (ingl. fi nal po- Kirjutatud sõna viimane täht või märk sition, saks. Endposition) õukonnakäsi (ingl. ch ancery Õukonna dokumentidele omane iseloomulike hand) üla- ja allpikendustega kiri paisutus (ingl. loop, Tähe põhistruktuurist lähtuv või sellele lähenev saks. Sch leife) dekoratiivsust taotlev suletõmme paun (ingl. bowl, bow, Minuskeltähe tüvest lähtuva suletud kaarjoone- saks. Bauch ) ga loodud tähekeha, nt b, d, g poogen (ingl. quire, Kogum (tavaliselt 4–6) nelinurkseid pärgamen- saks. Lage) dilehti, mis keskelt kokku voldituna ja voldist kokku õmmelduna moodustavad raamatuplo- ki põhilise struktuurielemendi (ka raamatu vihik) raamatukiri (ingl. book hand, Kiri, mis on mõeldud eelkõige raamatute saks. Buch sch rift ) ümberkirjutamiseks raudgallustint (ingl. iron gall Pruunika tooniga söövitava toimega tint, mis si- ink, saks. Eisengallustinte)
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