Outline of the Presentation • Introduction to de Bay Region The State of : • Current State of the Lake and its Tributary Rivers Conditions, Trends & Interventions • Water quality • Reclamation and Encroachment of Shoreland • What LLDA is doing? A Presentation By • Flagship Programs CASIMIRO A. YNARES III, M.D. • Other Management Measures General Manager Laguna Lake Development Authority • The Laguna de Bay Institutional Strengthening and Community Participation (LISCOP) and To the Management Association of the Carbonshed Projects 39th Regular Meeting 14 November 2006 Polo Club, Makati City • Strategic Interventions • Conclusion and Final Statement

QUICK FACTS Laguna de Bay 2 The largest and most Surface Area: * 900 km Average Depth: ~ 2.5 m vital inland water body Maximum Depth: ~ 20m (Diablo in the Philippines Pass) Average Volume: 2,250,000,000 m3 Watershed Area: * 2,920 km2 18th Member Shoreline: * 285 km of the Biological Resources: fish, mollusks, plankton World’s Living Lakes macrophytes Network (* At 10.5m Lake Elevation)

1 NAPINDAN CHANNEL

The Pasig River is an important component of the lake ecosystem. It is the only outlet of the lake but serves also as an inlet whenever the lake level is lower than Manila Bay. Sources of surface recharge 21 Major Tributaries 14% - River 7% Sta. Cruz River 79% 19 remaining tributary rivers Only Outlet Napindan Channel connects the lake to Manila Bay

•The lake is life support system Laguna de Bay: multi-use resource to about 13 million people •3.5 million of whom live in 29 lakeshore municipalities and cities

Fisheries

2 It is the major source of freshwater fish in Dominant use for fishery . . . Metro Manila and the surrounding municipalities, and cities.

OpenOpen waterwater

AquacultureAquaculture

EXISTING LAKE USES EXISTING LAKE USES

Irrigation Industrial Hydro power Cooling generation

Transport Route

Flood Water Reservoir Recreation and nature appreciation

3 It is being eyed as the next major source of potable water for Metro Manila

Pediastrum sp. Eichhornia crassipes Therapon plumbeus

Provides genetic resources. More than 400,000 people in Metro Manila are already Nymphaea Najas graminea suffering from water shortage

A private water company already draws approx. 300,000 m3 of water per month

Corbicula manilensis Pistia stratiotes

LAGUNA de BAY IS EXTREMELY Major Findings from Recent STRESSED Studies

4 … On WATER QUALITY MONITORING Water Quality

LagunaLaguna dede BayBay StationsStations –– 55 LakeLake EarlyEarly WarningWarning StationsStations –– 44 TributaryTributary RiverRiver StationsStations -- 1515

Current Situation… Current State of the Lake… Laguna de Bay is extremely stressed. Is Laguna de Bay a safe source of water for This is characterized by: drinking? • Increasing trend in BOD primarily due to domestic (close to 80%) and industrial wastes (some 11.5%), and as a result of Pasig River backflow. Nevertheless, the Lake’s BOD concentration is still within the criterion. (Laguna de Bay Environment Monitor, 2005) • The Lake provides safe drinking water with appropriate treatment. (LLDA Case Study on • Seasonal fluctuations in nitrate and phosphate concentration. Lack of centralized or localized sewage treatment perpetuates inflow of nitrogen Drinking Water Supply with LdB as Raw & phosphorous which brings about eutrophication. (Millennium Philippine Sub-Global Assessment, 2005) Water Source; Netherlands funded Sustainable Development of LdB • There are some traces of heavy metals in Lake water and sediments, Environment Project, 2000-2003) although concentration is still within prescribed safe levels. (LLDA-UP NIGS Study on Sedimentation Pattern, 1999)

• Decreased counts of aquatic plants. (LLDA Monitoring Sampling Data) • The Lake is undergoing rapid shoaling. Average depth is 2.5m in 2003 as compared to 2.78m in 1973. (LLDA-UP NIGS Study on Sedimentation Pattern, 1999; Sustainable Development of the LdB Environment Project, 2000-2003)

5 Current Situation… Laguna de Bay as an adequate source of bulk The Lake has become the repository of human and raw water for drinking industrial wastes from Metro Manila and other surrounding localities. • The Lake has an average volume of 2.25B m3 (SOGREAH Report, 1973) • 1000MLD* (400 MLD for water supply & current 600 MLD for irrigation & other uses) is projected to decrease water level by only 1.1 mm/day or 13.3 cm during dry months (Jan-April). This is only 9.5% of total annual average water inflow from tributaries. (Sustainable Development of the LdB Environment Project, 2000 -2003) • Different alternative engineering schemes have already been drawn where the Lake and Pagsanjan River are considered as probable raw water sources. (Study on Engineering Alternatives for the 300 MLD Bulk Water Supply Project, September 2000; Sustainable Development of the LdB Environment Project, 2000 -2003) • Existing MWSS water supply sources are insufficient to meet the requirements of its service areas. - In April, 2004 MWSS solicited proposals for the delivery of 400 MLD treated bulk water to its concessionaires, without limiting the source to LdB (MWSS Consolidated FS on 400 MLD Bulk Water Supply Project; NEDA Report). - MWSS is yet to await DOJ - OGCC opinion whether to proceed with the supply of 300 MLD thru BOT *Million Liters per Day

Organic Waste Profile in the Lake 2005 Water Mondriaan’s Monthly Summary Assessments of the Laguna de (As of 2004) Bay’s Overall Water Quality Status*

Agriculture Forest 9.8% 0.8% Industry 11.5%

Domestic 77.9%

6 Critical Areas that need Intervention

Sapang Baho River … On Indiscriminate Reclamation And Encroachment of Shoreland Areas MangangateRiver

Tunasan River

San Pedro River

TCC – Total Coliform Count BOD-Biochemical Oxygen Demand DO – Dissolved Oxygen

N Proclamation No. 704

• Issued by Pres. Fidel V. Ramos on Nov. 28, 1995 • Reserved 80 has. of shoreland areas of Lupang Arenda for socialized housing development for disposition to: -squatter families along Pasig River/tributaries -poor families of Taytay,

TAYTAY • Transferred to National Housing Authority the PASIG CARDONA BARAS TAGUIG development of the area for socialized housing; while TANAY LUPANG ARENDA SUCAT environmental management and control remains TAYTAY, RIZAL MUNTINLUPA with LLDA. SAN PEDRO BIÑAN • DENR to undertake boundary, topographic and STA. ROSA subdivision survey. KALAYAAN LUMBAN

STA.CRUZ PILA VICTORIA BAY

CALAMBA LOS BAÑOS

7 Institutional and Legal Context The squatters colony of about 25,000 informal settler-families in Brgy. Arenda in Taytay, Rizal • LLDA : Planning, regulatory and developmental now occupies 175 hectares of the buffer zone mandate over entire watershed (between 12.50-10.50 meter elevation). • DENR : national line agency • 2 Regional ENR offices: decentralized regulatory responsibilities • Over 30 other water-related agencies • 66 LGUs with environment-related functions (1991 Local Government Code) LLDA exercises its policy making functions through its Board of Directors

RA 4850 (1966). . .to promote and accelerate the DAO 2004-61 development and balanced growth….with due ECC/CNC issuance regard for environmental management …. EO 349 (1996) Adoption and LLDA implementation LLDA of Laguna de PD 813 (1975) Bay Master Plan MANDATE AND FUNCTIONS Expanded the mandate of LLDA to address EO 149 (1993) environmental protection Placed under DENR including the power to issue for administrative permit for the use of surface supervision and policy waters coordination EO 927 (1983) - Classified LLDA as Class A Corporation - Authorized to modify its organization - Granted water rights over Laguna de Bay and other water bodies within the region - Granted power to control and abate pollution within the region - Authorized to collect fees for the use of lake water

8 THREE KEY FUNCTIONS LLDA Key Functions LLDA Core Mandate

POLICY AND PLANNING** REGULATORY*** Develop Lake with due regard to Establish and enforce water quality environment and prevention of standards for industrial, agricultural “ o promote and accelerate the ecological imbalance and municipal use T Conduct comprehensive survey/studies Issue and revoke permits for use of development and balanced growth of the Laguna Prepare comprehensive plan to conserve surface waters within the lake region Lake area within the context of national and and utilize resources Approve development plans proposed Exercise water rights within Laguna Lake by regional plans and economic development to Prepare a water quality management LGUs, private persons or enterprises carry out the development of the Laguna de Bay program Collect fees for use of Laguna Lake Coordinate policies with other resources for all beneficial purposes Region with due regard and adequate provisions government agencies and Compel compliance for environmental management and control, stockholders INFRASTRUCTURE AND preservation of the quality of human life and RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT* ecological systems and the prevention of undue Prepares and implement infrastructure projects such as river works, flood ecological disturbances, deterioration and control and sewerage Reclaim portions of the Lake pollution. “ Undertake re-adjustments, relocations or resettlement of populations Finance Infrastructure projects Collect reasonable fees and toll charges Develop water supply from groundwater or Lake water sources Engage in fish production and other aquaculture projects

LLDA’s IWRM Approach LLDA’s Administrative Jurisdiction • Watershed-based: 24 micro-watersheds serve as the basic units for planning & implementing environmental improvement programs

• Integrated and participative in approach • Transcends political, economic and social interests Total no. of cities = 14 Lakeshore municipalities = 25 Non-lakeshore municipalities = 22 • Supported by scientifically-based natural Total no. of barangays = 2,656 resources and environmental management programs built upon LLDA’s extensive water quality monitoring data

9 Establishment of WQMA Clean Water Act of Watershed-focused Concept • Physiographic units such as 2004 -R.A. 9275 watersheds, river basins or water resources regions having similar • An Act Providing for Comprehensive hydrological, biological and Water Quality Management and for Other meteorological or geographic conditions Purposes affecting the physico-chemical, biological and bacteriological reactions • Passed by Congress on Feb. 4, 2004 and and diffusions of pollutions in the water signed into law by the President of the bodies Philippines on March 22, 2004 The areas within the LLDA jurisdiction shall be designated as one WQMA (Section 5, Art. 1, Chap 2)

Legal and Institutional Framework for Laguna de Bay Region as a watershed-focused WQMA • Under the administration of the LLDA in accordance with its Charter (RA 4850 as amended) • LLDA Board of Directors as the WQMA Governing Board The Clean Water Act therefore reinforces the mandate and functions of the LLDA over the Laguna de Bay Region as a WQMA

10 Environmental User Fee System Environmental User Fee System Objectives

A pioneer market based Reduction of pollution water quality improvement instrument for pollution • Encourage dischargers to invest in treatment control and abatement in the systems Philippines

Environmental User Fee System - Number of Firms Monitored BOD LOADING, MT/yr / REDUCTIONS As of January 2006

6000 1600 4000 BOD Loading 1400 5000 Number of Firms 1200 4000 4000 1000 3500 2345 3000 800 3000

600 2500

BOD Loading 2000

400 Number of Firms 2000 1000 200 1500

0 0 Number of Firms 1000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 500 year 0 Universe/Standard Total No. of Firms Monitored

BOD LOADINGS, MT/yr/ REDUCTIONS, % 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 BOD LOADINGS 5402 4432 1790 2309 1687 791 828 1586 Firms 222 255 429 628 738 914 1080 1402

11 Environmental User Fee System - PCO Accreditation On-going Technical Studies as of January 2006

4000 • Revise the water quality criteria for LDB

4000 • Inclusion of additional parameters in the 3500 EUFS 3000 1747 2500 • Relate effluent monitoring results and 2000 ambient levels 1500 No. of Firms 1000 • Implementation of the EUFS for 500 households 0 Universe/Standard Total No. PCOs Accredited

Environmental Management Program LLDA PERMITS/CLEARANCES PERMIT SYSTEM / REGULATORY ACTIONS

• LLDA Clearance (LC) LLDA achieves effective closure • Discharge Permit (DP) of point sources of pollution • Water Permit (for use of surface water) through regulatory and • Environmental Compliance Certificate/ enforcement actions vs. erring industrial and other Certificate or Non-Coverage establishments and open • Annual Fishpen/Fishcage Permits dumpsites • Shoreland Occupancy Permits • Barging Clearance • Clearance and Permit to Ferry

12 The River Rehabilitation Program

A model for multi-sectoral participation and Community involvement in resource management

River Rehabilitation The network of River Councils organized Program under this program is proving to be the mechanism for ensuring multi-sector

partnership, stakeholder and community involvement as well as the sustainability of the resource Conservation, Protection and Restoration effort.

Laguna Lake Development Authority

River Councils Organized Some concrete accomplishments of River Councils

• Multi-sectoral membership Physical Clean-up • Mechanism for sustained stakeholder/ community participation • Institutionalized in 1999 by LLDA Board • SEC-registered as non-profit organizations • Federated into an network organization in Adopt a River Program 2001 River Seeding • Seed money provided by LLDA • Undertakes river rehabilitation programs

13 THE ENVIRONMENTAL ARMY

Conducts physical clean-up of the various river systems.

Pasig River Initiatives

Environmental Army in action

Pasig River Initiatives Pasig River Initiatives • Janitor Fish Catching Activities • River Quality Monitoring Activities • Environmental Consciousness to the Stakeholders Ø4 stations along stretch of Pasig River on – Film Showing in Selected School Campuses monthly basis – Mobile Theater Ø10 stations within Pasig River Basin on – Awareness Forum quarterly basis – River Tour • River Clean Up Operations Support to • IEC Materials Production – Quarterly photo bulletin Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission – Billboards (PRRC) – Trash cans for jeeneys – Drop Banner – Calendar for 2007

14 Laguna de Bay ZOMAP Fishpen area - 10,000 has. 1996 as amended in Fishcage area - 5,000 has. 1999 • Most feasible management Laguna de Bay system for equitable allocation of the lake’s fishery resources Zoning and Management • Prescribes the area allocation and defines the fishpen/cage Plan layout, fish sanctuaries and (ZOMAP) open fishing, navigational 1994 AQUA STRUCTURE MAP access channels • Provides the criteria, guidelines and procedures for proper allocation of aquaculture structure

Fishery Development Program Research studies on the proliferation of exotic species are •Community mobilization (Bantay Lawa) vs. illegal being undertaken with BFAR fishing Region 4-A

•Establishment of Fish Sanctuaries

15 “LLDA sa ” and the “Benefiting from the Janitor Fish Catching Competition Dreaded Janitor Fish”

• LLDA launched the Janitor Fish Catching Competition • Siniloan River Rehabilitation and Management among the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Foundation garnered US$143,000 prize in the Councils (FARMCs) Development Market Place Global • About 300 fishermen participated in this affair that yielded 15.43 tons janitor fish harvest. Competition in 2005 • Siniloan garnered the highest catch with 7.21 tons ØProject utilizes janitor fish as main ingredient for followed by Angono with 4.316 tons and 3.913 tons catch fishmeal and feedmeal production and assesses its in Taguig respectively. viability in backyard pigfarms • A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the • LLDA is continuing until next year its program Authority and Star Anvil Trading (SAT) was entered into during the launching. The janitor fish caught shall be on catching/buying (live) janitor fish bought by SAT at Php10 per kilogram, which will be used as raw material in liquid fertilizer formulation.

Shoreland Management Program

Ø Approved the “Policy Guidelines on the Use/Occupancy of Shoreland Areas in Laguna de Bay Shoreland Management through LLDA Board Resolution No. 23 series of 1997 dated 26 Program Sept. 1996. Ø Approved the Implementing Guidelines Governing the Lease of the Laguna de Bay Shoreland Areas through LLDA Board Resolution No. 113, Series of 1999 dated 30 Sept. 1999.

16 Priority Actions for 2006 Laguna de Bay Institutional • Issuance of NOVs, CDOs , and filing of cases • Streamlining lease procedures Strengthening and Community • Review/modification of shoreland policies and Participation Project regulations to consider environment-friendly development activities • Close coordination with concerned agencies to Meeting the Challenges to the prevent illegal titling and illegal occupants Sustainable Development of Laguna • Conduct hearings and dialogues among affected de Bay parties

Laguna de Bay Institutional Strengthening and Community Participation (LISCOP) Project

Goal : Environmental Quality Improvement LISCOP Sub-projects Objectives: on going implementation • Deepen watershed co-management • Strengthen institutions and instruments

COMPONENT I: COMPONENT 2: Co-Managed Investments for Strengthening Institutions Watershed Development and Instruments

17 Eco-tourism Sub-Project …addressing environmental degradation and providing TANAY MICROWATERSHED alternative route to Pagsanjan (Magdapio) Falls ENHANCEMENT SUBPROJECT .

Twin goals: • Poverty reduction and • Rehabilitation of degraded resources in the micro- watershed.

Three key components: • streambank stabilization, • ecological enhancement A section of the Cavinti Rapids Cavinti Falls • pollution management loading.

LISCOP COMPONENT 2 Strengthening Institutions and Instruments

To effect re-engineering of the LLDA• and strengthening its role as apex body for integrated water resources management of the Laguna de Bay Region

Strengthening LLDA’s Capacity Building of Capacity Stakeholders • Improving regulatory tools and in the watershed market based instruments • Lake Environmental Action • Strengtheningi policy and Planning Support • • Social Marketing • Strengthening IEC Program • Promotion of community • Developing trunk infrastructure strategy participation & sub-project IEC

18 Public Disclosure Program for the Laguna de Bay Region Features Laguna de Bay Community • Employs “carrot-and-stick” approach Carbon Finance Project • Participatory and multi -sectoral. • Combines “hard” and “soft” criteria. • Covers industries, LGUs environmental performance • Includes public performance accounting of the regulating agency (i.e., LLDA)

Efficient use of collected funds • Assure that the money collected from effluent Many of the LISCOP sub-projects, such as charges will be used solely for the rehabilitation Solid Waste Management and Composting of the lake and Reforestation and Agro-forestry, help • Improve the billing and collection system so that reduce CO2 and other Green House Gas all polluters are made to pay (measured in Emission Reduction) • Strengthen community initiatives on recycling, providing global environment benefits; proper waste disposal, and improvement of therefore, qualify to tap the Carbon sewerage with the help of LGUs Finance Potential according to Clean • Strict enforcement of penalties for pollution Development Mechanism (CDM) of the violations. Kyoto Protocol

19 Efficient Use of the Collected Funds Trust Funds

• Water Treatment facilities • Widely used in the world as a financing • Fund community initiatives to reduce household mechanism to fund environmental waste in the lake system protection – Recycling • Easy to tract where the money goes – Alternative waste disposal • Information dissemination; education on • Can be used to target specific initiatives environmental awareness • Can earn interest

Currently, 5% of Fishpen Fee collection goes to Project Devt Sustainable funding mechanisms and sharing of Fund where LLDA provides half of the LGU equity for LISCOP financial resources promotes cooperation among sub-projects and supports other environmental projects of stakeholders and improved lake watershed stakeholders. management

Setting the Trends Towards Recommended Trust Funds CWA-mandated WQMAs

• Lake Rehabilitation Trust Fund Experience & Lessons Learned from – For projects that directly clean the lake water system Laguna de Bay – Counterpart money for establishment of sewerage • Integrated and coordinated watershed-wide systems in the municipalities policy and planning • Recycling Initiatives Trust Fund • Watershed co-management approach: engaging – For projects that focus on recycling and solid waste LGUs, civil society and communities in micro- management watershed protection & conservation • Municipal Waste Water Treatment Counterpart Trust Fund • Creative funding mechanisms including – Counterpart financing for construction, repair, performance-based sharing of benefits rehabilitation, or replacement of new and existing waste water treatment facilities

20 Laguna Lake Development Authority Laguna de Bay is a strategic political, economic and 2/F Rizal Sports Complex, Rizal ecological resource that has to be managed well as a Amending theProvincial LLDA Capitol Law Compound, Living Lake, capable of sustaining life, livelihood and Thank You Pasig City, Philippines economic progress in the region and its environs. Contact Nos. (632) 637-9037, (632) 637-9038, & Good Day. (632) 637-97-48 Email Address: [email protected] [email protected] Homepage: www.llda.gov.ph

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