INTRODUCTION Charles E. Callwell and British Strategy
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Using History and Student-Led Discussion Groups to Explore the Nature of Military Service
Dialogues on the Experience of War: Using History and Student-Led Discussion Groups to Explore the Nature of Military Service Frederick H. Dotolo III St. John Fisher College BECAUSE THE UNITED STATES MILITARY is likely to continue its increased operational tempo for the foreseeable future, the number of servicemembers who will leave the armed forces to pursue academic degrees will also continue at record levels. According to one study, “Two million veterans are poised to enter higher education.”1 Many of these arriving student veterans will have had multiple overseas and/or combat deployments during their enlistments. On average, they will arrive on campuses having life experiences markedly different from those of their civilian counterparts. Student veterans are likely to be more mature, focused on quickly finishing their academic programs—overwhelmingly in the professional disciplines—and unlikely to fully engage the larger college community than are civilian students.2 The bifurcation between veterans and civilians is mirrored in general society as well. Because of the nature of the wars we are fighting with an all-volunteer professional military, the effects of warfighting and deployments are felt on servicemembers and their immediate families. As retired Lieutenant General David Barno and Dr. Nora The History Teacher Volume 54 Number 2 February 2021 © Society for History Education 358 Frederick H. Dotolo III Bensahel observe, “Starting a meaningful conservation with these veterans of our current wars remains extraordinarily difficult for the vast majority of Americans who have no association with the military.”3 Undoubtedly, the long-term effects of this alienation is detrimental to our society, but, fortunately, the arrival of student veterans also presents an opportunity to bridge this gap. -
Collusion, Counterinsurgency and Colonialism: the Imperial Roots of Contemporary State Violence Mark Mcgovern
Collusion, Counterinsurgency and Colonialism: The Imperial Roots of Contemporary State Violence Mark McGovern Abstract: This article examines the nature of collusion between the British state and paramilitary organisations during the conflict in Northern Ireland in the context of British counterinsurgency theory and practices in colonial campaigns. To do so it will briefly outline the pattern and logic of collusion in Northern Ireland before examining some of the key works in the tradition of British counterinsurgency theorists reflecting on earlier imperial practices. Collusion will be understood as an expedient coercive state practice, premised on a ‘doctrine of necessity’, designed to remove ‘enemies’ and induce fear in a target population via a strategy of assassination in which the appearance of adherence to the rule of law is a political end shaping the specific forms of state violence involved. Such a practice, it will be argued, is not an aberration in the tradition of British state counterinsurgency violence, it is exemplary. Keywords: Collusion, Counterinsurgency, Imperialism, State Violence, Northern Ireland Introduction: Collusion and Conflict in the North of Ireland Despite its considerable failings the 2012 release of the de Silva report into the loyalist killing of human rights lawyer Pat Finucane in his Belfast home in 1989 confirmed one thing beyond any doubt; collusion between British military intelligence and RUC Special Branch with loyalist paramilitaries during the conflict in the North of Ireland was widespread, institutionalised and strategic in nature. While long suspected, the true scale of such collusion was still something of a shock; not least the astonishing revelation that over 85% of all the intelligence held by loyalists in the late 1980s and used in the planning of an escalating campaign of sectarian killing and targeted assassinations originated from state intelligence sources.1 Indeed, this may well be an underestimation. -
The Evolution of Strategy
This page intentionally left blank The Evolution of Strategy Is there a ‘Western way of war’ which pursues battles of annihilation and single-minded military victory? Is warfare on a path to ever greater destructive force? This magisterial new account answers these questions by tracing the history of Western thinking about strategy – the employ- ment of military force as a political instrument – from antiquity to the present day. Assessing sources from Vegetius to contemporary America, and with a particular focus on strategy since the Napoleonic Wars, Beatrice Heuser explores the evolution of strategic thought, the social institutions, norms and patterns of behaviour within which it operates, the policies that guide it and the culture that influences it. Ranging across technology and warfare, total warfare and small wars as well as land, sea, air and nuclear warfare, she demonstrates that warfare and strategic thinking have fluctuated wildly in their aims, intensity, limitations and excesses over the past two millennia. beatrice heuser holds the Chair of International History at the School of Politics and International Relations, University of Reading. Her publications include Reading Clausewitz (2002); Nuclear Mentalities? (1998) and Nuclear Strategies and Forces for Europe, 1949-2000 (1997), both on nuclear issues in NATO as a whole, and Britain, France, and Germany in particular. The Evolution of Strategy Thinking War from Antiquity to the Present Beatrice Heuser cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521155243 © Beatrice Heuser 2010 This publication is in copyright. -
Won't Get Fooled Again: America's Strategic
WON’T GET FOOLED AGAIN: AMERICA’S STRATEGIC SHORTCOMINGS IN IRREGULAR WARFARE by Troy H. Thomas A thesis submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Masters of Government Baltimore, Maryland August 2020 Abstract How does America improve its Irregular Warfare (IW) capability? Academia defines IW as encompassing insurgency and terrorism. It is used to counter and defeat Violent Extremist Organizations (VEOs) such as Al Qaeda (AQ) and the Islamic State. 2018 saw 9,600 terrorist attacks and 49 of the 52 conflicts tracked by the Uppsala Conflict Data Program were non-state against state actors.1 IW remains an immediate ongoing concern for America. This paper is a historical evaluative dissertation. Chapter one addresses the difficult task of studying IW and the differing definitions of IW (or lack of same) and their history. It addresses the American military’s relationship with the concept historically and its current status. It includes a discussion of how this affects the Special Operations Forces (SOF) that are the primary practitioners of IW for the American military. Chapter two discusses VEOs, one of the five major threats outlined in the 2018 National Defense Strategy (NDS). Case studies assess how terrorists and insurgents seek to shape public opinion. The first is a classic insurgency campaign, the Algerian Revolution and the second 1 Barnett S. Koven, Re-evaluating Special Operations Forces-led Counterterrorism Efforts, (Tampa: Joint Special Operations University, 2019), 1. ii covers the Palestine Liberation Organization’s (PLO) ground-breaking terror campaign. There is also a discussion of ideology and strategy. -
Chapter 2 Understanding Insurgency And
Lowy Institute Paper 28 confronting the hydra BIG PROBLEMS WITH SMALL WARS Mark O'Neill First published for Lowy Institute for International Policy 2009 Mark O’Neill was the inaugural Chief of Army Fellow at the Lowy Institute for International Policy. Mark is a Lieutenant Colonel in the Australian Army with PO Box 102 Double Bay New South Wales 1360 Australia 25 years service. He has had operational service in Somalia, www.longmedia.com.au Mozambique and Iraq, where he was Senior Advisor at the [email protected] Multi-National Force Iraq’s Counterinsurgency Center for Tel. (+61 2) 9362 8441 Excellence. Lowy Institute for International Policy © 2009 ABN 40 102 792 174 Mark has worked on counterinsurgency issues with the Australian, US, British, South African and Iraqi Armies; All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part including fieldwork and teaching about counterinsurgency of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (including but not limited to electronic, from the small team to Corps Headquarters level. During mechanical, photocopying, or recording), without the prior written permission of the 2007 and 2008, he was a member of the editorial panel copyright owner. that produced the Australian Army’s counterinsurgency doctrine. Cover design by Longueville Media/Nina Nielsen Typeset by Longueville Media in Esprit Book 10/13 National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: O'Neill, Mark. Title: Confronting the hydra : big problems with small wars / Mark O'Neill. Edition: 1st ed. -
Conflicting Thoughts of Tactics
Michael Gustafson National Defence University Department of Tactics and Operational Art Series 1, No. 3/2014 The Duality of T actical Thought The Duality of Tactical Thought A Study of how Swedish Land Forces’ Commanders view Tactics in Irregular Warfare Michael Gustafson Series 1, No. 3/2014 National Defence University Tel. +358 299 800 ISBN 978-951-25-2604-8 (pbk.) Department of Tactics and Operational Art www.mpkk.fi ISBN 978-951-25-2605-5 (pdf) P.O. BOX 7, FI-00861 Helsinki Finland NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF TACTICS AND OPERATIONAL ART SERIES 1: N0 3/2014 MAANPUOLUSTUSKORKEAKOULU TAKTIIKAN LAITOS JULKAISUSARJA 1: NO 3/2014 The Duality of Tactical Thought A Study of how Swedish Land Forces’ Commanders view Tactics in Irregular Warfare Captain (N) Michael Gustafson NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF TACTICS AND OPERATIONAL ART HELSINKI 2014 The Duality of Tactical Thought Maanpuolustuskorkeakoulu, Taktiikan laitos Julkaisusarja 1: No 3/2014 Väitöskirja / National Defence University, Department of Tactics and Operational Art Series 1: No 3/2014 Doctoral dissertation Author: Captain (N) Michael Gustafson Supervising professor: Professor, Col Pasi Kesseli National Defence University, Finland Preliminary examiners: Doctor of Philosophy Håkan Gunneriusson, Swedish National Defence College, Stockholm Doctor of Philosophy (Education) Vesa Nissinen, Finnish Defence Forces Official opponent: Professor Torsten Björkman Swedish National Defence College, Stockholm To download our latest publications in PDF format, please visit -
Veröffentlichungen Des Deutschen Historischen Instituts London
Veröffentlichungen des Deutschen Historischen Instituts London Publications of the German Historical Institute London Veröffentlichungen des Deutschen Historischen Instituts London Herausgegeben von Andreas Gestrich Band 77 Publications of the German Historical Institute London Edited by Andreas Gestrich Volume 77 Christian Götter Die Macht der Wirkungsannahmen Medienarbeit des britischen und deutschen Militärs in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts ISBN 978-3-11-044824-5 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-045220-4 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-044976-1 ISSN 2192-0257 Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter der Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International Lizenz. Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. © 2016 Christian Götter, publiziert von Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Dieses Buch ist als Open-Access-Publikation verfügbar über www.degruyter.com. Titelbild: London opinion “Your country needs you”/Alfred Leete‘ © Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. Einbandgestaltung: hauser lacour Druck und Bindung: Hubert & Co. GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ∞ Gedruckt auf säurefreiem Papier Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com. Inhalt 1. Einleitung: Militärische Medienbeziehungen .................... 1 2. Eine neue Art der Krisenbewältigung (um 1900–1914) ............ 29 2.1 Die Seestreitkräfte als Vorreiter in Sachen Medienarbeit . 29 2.2 Im Windschatten der Marine? Die Medienarbeit der Landstreit- kräfte .................................................... -
The Military Survey (Geo) Branch
The Military Survey (Geo) Branch Summer Newsletter 2018 – issue 68 Queen Elizabeth II, Colonel-in-Chief of the Corps of the Royal Engineers, looking though a Theodolite during her visit to the 42 Survey Engineer Regiment at Denison Barracks in Hermitage, Berkshire in 1998. Queen Elizabeth II becomes the longest-reigning monarch in British history on the evening of 9 September 2015. To mark the event the BBC presents an image from the archives of the Press Association from every year of her reign - BBC News Magazine. Source: Pinterest - [email protected] Summer Newsletter 2018 Page 1 ‘FOUGASSE’ OR FAKE: MILITARY SURVEY’S EMBLEM Initial Research – A Work in Progress By Alan Gordon Over the years there has been confusion in the minds of some over the name of Military Survey’s unofficial emblem, the cartoon of the soldier with a globe on his shoulder. Cyril Kenneth Bird (1887-1965), who signed his drawings ‘Fougasse’, is generally presumed to have drawn the graphic for Military Survey during the Second World War with, perhaps, his ‘birth’ being related to the formation of the Directorate of Military Survey in 1941. This is, however, pure speculation as no documented proof of the ‘Fougasse’ connection has yet been unearthed. Cyril Bird was an officer in the Royal Engineers during the First World War and was severely injured when blown up by a shell at Gallipoli in 1915. He spent a long period in hospital during which time he submitted cartoons to Punch magazine. He used the name ‘Fougasse’ to avoid confusion with another Punch contributor, W Bird. -
The London Gazette, September 30, 1892. 5507
THE LONDON GAZETTE, SEPTEMBER 30, 1892. 5507 In accordance with the provisions of Her Captain Norman Bruce Inglefield. from th,e Majesty's Order in .Council of loth September, Seconded List, vice C. H. Atchison, promoted 1887— Lieutenant-Colonel upon half-pay. Dated 1st Chief Boatswain William Hnrlow has been allowed October, 1892. to assume the honorary rank of Lieutenant on the Retired List. Dated 29th September, Captain Frederick Arthur Bligh is placed on 1892. temporary half-pay on account of ill-health. Boatswain James Willoughby has this day been Dated 13th September, 1892. promoted to the rank of Chief Boatswain in To be Captains. Her Majesty's Fleet. Captain Charles Edward Callwell, from the Seconded List, vice F. A. Bligh. Dated 13th War Office, September 30, 1892. September, 1892. THE Queen has been graciously pleased to Lieutenant Lochinvar Alexander Charles Gordon, give orders for the following appointment .to the vice G. N. H. BarloAv. Dated 1st October, Distinguished Service Order, and promotions in 1892. .the Army, in recognition of the services of Lieutenant William Pickup (District Officer), on the undermentioned Officers during the recent the Seconded List. Dated'23rd August, 1892. expedition against the Jebus: Lieutenant William Henry Popplestone (District To be Companion of the Distinguished Service Officer), vice H. Maples, retired. Dated 23rd Order:— August, 1892. Major George Colquhoun Madden, the West Half-Pay^ Major Charles Henry Atchison, from India Regiment. Royal Artillery, to be Lieutenant - Colonel. BREVET. Dated 1st October, 1892. To be Majors. MEMORANDUM. Captain Edward Roderic Owen, the Lancashire Lieutenant-Colonel John Fonsonby Cundill, Fusiliers. -
British Colonial Violence in Perak, Sierra Leone and the Sudan
British Colonial Violence in Perak, Sierra Leone and the Sudan Michelle Gordon Royal Holloway, University of London PhD August 2017 1 Declaration of Authorship I, Michelle Gordon, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Signed: Date: 2 Abstract This thesis explores three cases of British colonial violence which occurred in the second half of the nineteenth century: the Perak War (1875-1876); the Hut Tax Revolt in Sierra Leone (1898-9) and the Anglo-Egyptian War of Reconquest in the Sudan (1896-99). The decision-making processes that led to atrocities being committed are explored, including the importance of communication between London and the periphery and the significance of individual colonial administrators in outbreaks of violence. The ways in which racial prejudices, the advocacy of a British ‘civilising mission’ and British racial ‘superiority’ informed colonial administrators’ decisions on the ground are considered. The thesis examines methods of extreme violence that were routinely utilised throughout the British Empire and include: the use of ‘divide and rule’ tactics; looting; a disregard for international standards of warfare; the use of collective reprisals on civilians and scorched earth policies; starvation tactics on the enemy as well as the wider population. Furthermore, the relevance of British colonial violence within a wider context of European warfare and the genocidal violence of the first half of the twentieth century is examined. There has been a neglect of British colonial atrocities within the historiography of colonial violence and this study demonstrates the ways in which a consideration of instances of British colonial violence can tell us much about the dynamics of extreme violence. -
"Milit[Ry History" @]]Or^Ing to N[Tion[L Wikip ^I[S in 2011
1 Wh[t is [n^ wh[t shoul^ \_ "Milit[ry History" @]]or^ing to N[tion[l Wikip_^i[s in 2011 Logo of the British Commission of Military History. showing Clio and Mars Militärgeschichte - Military History - Histoire militaire - Storia militare - Historia militar - História militar - Militär historia - Militaire geschiedenis - Στρατιωτική ιστορία (Stratio̱ tikí̱ istoría) - Hadtörténelem- Војне историје - היסטוריה צבאית - ار اي (Vojne istorije) - Historia wojskowości - Istoria militară - Sotahistoriaa - Historia ushtarake - Askeri geçmişi - Военная история -軍事史 (Gunji-shi) -军事历史 (Jūnshì lìshǐ) -군사 역사 ر - gunsa yeogsa) - Militêre geskiedenis - Jeshi historia) - - सैय इतहास (sain'ya itihāsa) - ประวัติศาสตร์การทหาร (prawạtiṣ̄ ās̄ tr̒ kār thh̄ ār) - Militar kasaysayan - Lịch sử quân sự 2 Contents: Militärgeschichte u. Militärhistoriker in Deutsche Wikipedia 2011 p. 3 Military History in English Wikipedia 2011 p. 17 Histoire militaire dans Wikipedia française 2011 p. 31 Storia militare nella Wikipedia italiana 2011 p. 38 Historia militar en la Wikipedia española 2011 p. 45 História militar en la Wikipedia portuguesa 2011 p. 48 Militaire geschiedenis Krijgsgeschiedenis V p. 53 Στρατιωτική ιστορία (Stratio̱ tikí̱ istoría) p. 55 p. 56 היסטוריה צבאית Militär historia p. 57 Sotahistoriaa p. 58 Historia wojskowości p. 60 Historia ushtarake p. 63 Военная история (Voennaya istoriya) p. 64 軍事史 (Gunji-shi) p. 67 军事历史 (Jūnshì lìshǐ) 군사 역사 (gunsa yeogsa) ار اي Hadtörténelem Војне историје (Vojne istorije) Istoria militară Askeri geçmişi 3 Militärgeschichte aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie Dieser Artikel oder ABschnitt Bedarf einer ÜBerarBeitung. Näheres ist auf der Diskussionsseite angegeBen. Hilf mit, ihn zu verBessern , und entferne anschließend diese Markierung. Militärgeschichte (auch: Kriegsgeschichte ) ist die Dokumentation und Erforschung von konfliktträchtigen Ereignissen in der Menschheitsgeschichte und den Militärapparaten der einzelnen Völker. -
Recensioni Book Reviews
NUOVA RIVISTA INTERDISCIPLINARE DELLA SOCIETÀ ITALIANA DI STORIA MILITARE supplemento Recensioni Book Reviews Società Italiana di Storia Militare Direttore scientifico Virgilio Ilari Vicedirettore scientifico Giovanni Brizzi Direttore responsabile Gregory Claude Alegi Redazione Viviana Castelli Consiglio Scientifico. Presidente: Massimo De Leonardis. Membri stranieri: Christopher Bassford, Floribert Baudet, Stathis Birthacas, Jeremy Martin Black, Loretana de Libero, Magdalena de Pazzis Pi Corrales, Gregory Hanlon, John Hattendorf, Yann Le Bohec, Aleksei Nikolaevič Lobin, Prof. Armando Marques Guedes, Prof. Dennis Showalter (†). Membri italiani: Livio Antonielli, Antonello Folco Biagini, Aldino Bondesan, Franco Cardini, Piero Cimbolli Spagnesi, Piero del Negro, Giuseppe De Vergottini, Carlo Galli, Roberta Ivaldi, Nicola Labanca, Luigi Loreto, Gian Enrico Rusconi, Carla Sodini, Donato Tamblé, Comitato consultivo sulle scienze militari e gli studi di strategia, intelligence e geopolitica: Lucio Caracciolo, Flavio Carbone, Basilio Di Martino, Antulio Joseph Echevarria II, Carlo Jean, Gianfranco Linzi, Edward N. Luttwak, Matteo Paesano, Ferdinando Sanfelice di Monteforte. Consulenti di aree scientifiche interdisciplinari: Donato Tamblé (Archival Sciences), Piero Cimbolli Spagnesi (Architecture and Engineering), Immacolata Eramo (Philology of Military Treatises), Simonetta Conti (Historical Geo-Cartography), Lucio Caracciolo (Geopolitics), Jeremy Martin Black (Global Military History), Elisabetta Fiocchi Malaspina (History of International