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International Journal Advances in Social Science and Humanities Available Online At ISSN: 2347-7474 International Journal Advances in Social Science and Humanities Available online at: www.ijassh.com REVIEW ARTICLE Trends of Swadeshi and Boycott in Barak Valley Ahmed SU* Dept. of History, Karimganj College, Karimganj, Assam, India. *Corresponding Author: E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The present Barak-Surma valley had played an important part in the struggle for Indian Independence when the Swadeshi and boycott movement started in Bengal, the people of the Barak-Surma valley responded and started the movement against the British Government. The trends of Swadeshi and boycott movement in the valley were not unlike of Sylhet and other parts of Bengal. Swadeshi and boycott movements were going on in the valley right from the beginning. The people of Barak Valley, both the Hindus and the Muslims took active part in the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement under the leadership of Kamini Kumar Chanda of Silchar. With a spirit of nationalism, the people of Barak – Surma Valley protested against the partition of Bengal 1905. the trends of Swadehsi and Boycott Movement was to encourage Swadeshi goods and national education by boycotting foreign goods and foreign culture. That was immense on the part pf the people of Barak Valley. It was a training in self reliance, determination and sacrifice. It was for the first time that the people of the valley were able to draw large sections of the society in the active participation in national movement. The little nationalism of Barak Valley ultimately merged itself into the broad stream of great nationalism of India. Keywords: Nationalism, Swadeshi, Boycott, Terrorism, Revolutionary, Vigilance, Trends. Introduction Assam was constituted into a separate province in The above quotation displayed the rare qualities, 1874 and the district of Cachar, Sylhet and which the leaders should have and gave a proper Goalpara were transformed from Bengal to new direction not only to the leaders but also to the province. Bengal having been partitioned in 1874, common people. the partition of 1905 may be termed as the second partition of Bengal [1].In Bengal cities and towns To make the people aware of what should be were stirred by Bankim Chattarjee‟s Bande adopted and what should be rejected, the weekly Mataram, Krishna Kumar Mitra‟s Sanjibani, chronicle gives its view that “…….We think an Surendranath‟s The Bengalee, Bupendra Nath,s exception should be made in favor of raw Jugantar, Aurobindo,s Bande Mataram and many materials we should not exclude raw materials other news papers injected the Bangalees with although these may be foreign”[2] the spirit of nationalism and inspired them to resist foreign rule. Likewise in the Surma Valley, The above quotation bears in itself the seeds of Sylhet Chronicle, Silchar Paridarshak, success, which could lead a boom in native Sreebhoomi, weekly Chronicles played a enterprises. In case of cotton yarn, which is no commendable role in focusing the public and to doubt in a partially manufactured state but need champion the cause of Swadeshi and Boycott [2]. not all together excluded from use for that reason? But in case of sugar which is largely used in the To guide the movement properly, the Weekly preparation of sweets and thriving industry is Chronicle of Sylhet emphasized in the following dependent upon it. It was through that the manner, which had its sober effect on the prohibition of the use of sweets made of sugar, Bengalee people of the Valley “……It is necessary albeit foreign is any part of Swadeshi Movement. that we should consider all our energies and not The object of the movement is not the adoption of to fritter them away in pursuit of impossible primitive methods or asceticism but ideas. We should economies all the forces of our encouragement of Indian industries. disposal and use them to the best advantage” [3]. Ahmed SU | June. 2014 | Vol.2 | Issue 6|17-25 17 Available online at: www.ijassh.com So far as the organized action is concerned, care started political activities in the Barak Valley but was taken to avoid false and indiscreet steps, at the same time continued to take part in the which were likely to defeat the Swadeshi end in national programmes and attensed the annual view. The following principles ware suggested to sessions of the Indian National Congress held at adopt, to guide the working of this movement: different places. Cachar, Sylhet and Goalpara districts of Assam were included in the Bengal As far as practical indigenous goods should be Provincial Congress must be ethnic reason and preferred to foreign goods. Kamini Kumar Chanda was although an Both cost and quality will no doubt in many influential member of the Bengal Congress. The cases absolutely determine the choice of goods leaders of the National Congress were divided but it should be the endeavor of every patriotic into two groups-extremists and moderates. The man to work in the spirit of sell-help and sell- extremists like Bipin Chandra Pal, Bal sacrifice. Gangadhar Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai wanted In case of those Indian manufactures, which can active resistance but the moderates led by entirely take the place of foreign manufactures, Surendranath Banerjee believed in passive slight variation as to cost and quality should not resistance. Kamini Kumar Chanda being an old- be taken in to consideration. co-worker of Surendranath Banerjee in the Cheapness and quality should not altogether be Students Association and a personal friend of neglected, as in that case no attempt will be Bipin Chandra Pal was an active link between the made to improve Indian products. two and at times was successful in bringing the The prohibition of the use of foreign goods need two giants of Indian national politics together. No not extended to those goods for which there are wonder a man of high status in all India politics, no Indian substitute in the market. Kamini Kumar Chanda was a real sprit behind Raw-materials should be excluded from the the national activities [1] including Swadeshi operation of the foregoing rules as it always Movement in the Barak Valley. The trends which should be our endeavor to improve our products were available in parts of Bengal were to be by employing the best material available. experienced in this valley also. Mainly Kamini It should form no part of the Swadeshi Kumar Chanda set all these trends from the Movement to discourage the use of those Indian beginning of the anti-partition movement. products in the preparation of which some foreign articles has been used. The people of Barak Valley both the Hindus and No attempt should be made to compensate the Muslims took active part in the Swadeshi Indian dealers who have foreign goods in their Movement under the leadership of Kamini Kumar stock, except in cases where desire to use Indian Chanda. The people in the legal profession were goods have extended even to the masses and not far from the movement. In the freedom that only in the case of those articles who supply movement of India, lawyer played an important from indigenous product is practically unlimited. role and the Barak Valley was in no exception. Whenever it is deemed advisable to purchase The Cachar Swadeshi Sabha was established in these foreign goods, they should not be uselessly 1905 with Kamini Kumar Chanda as President destroyed but should be utilized in some way. and Abantinath Datta as the Secretary. Most of Except in the very urgent cases indicated above, its members were from Silchar Bar Association. A the economic force of the Swadeshi Movement massive campaign was carried out under the should be allowed to work undisturbed. auspicious of Swadeshi Sabha in favour of anti- partition movement [4]. Mahendra Chandra These are only reasonable and legitimate Dutta, Kali Mohan Dev, Radha Roman Datta, principles of Swadeshi Movement and under the Durga Sankar Datta, Negendra Chandra Datta, ordinary circumstances they ought to surface. Dinanath Datta, Ram Tarak Bhattacharjee, Nur Their operations must however be very slow and Muhammad Laskar, Kushiram Namasudra will not prove effective as a method of agitation among others were the members of the executive against the Bengal partition[2]. committee. The Cachar Swadeshi Sabha successfully spearheaded the agitation in the When the first beam of nationalism dawned upon Barak Valley and preached the Swadeshi ideals. the eastern horizon, the Barak Valley threw open Almost everyday protest meeting were organized its door for its reception. In the Barak Valley, the and students made large scale bonfire of British political activity against British government had goods in this boycott movement. In Sylhet the begun directly during the Swadeshi Movement. movement was highly successful and the The apostle of the new era was Kamini Kumar repressive measures of the government could not Chanda. Since his joining in the Silchar Bar, he in any way suppress the agitation. The Surma Ahmed SU | June. 2014 | Vol.2 | Issue 6|17-25 18 Available online at: www.ijassh.com Valley had a common response to the political with nationalist songs sung by eminent singers programmes under the leadership of Bipin like Kanailal Goswami of Calcutta and nationalist Chandra Pal, Kamini Kumar Chanda, Sundari cries of Sankirtan and Bande-Mataram. The Mohan Das, Shrish Chandra Datta, Satish conference openly supported the establishment of Chandra Deb, Dulal Chandra Dey, Shymal national schools, Swadeshi Movement and Charan Deb and a host of other illustrious sons of physical training of the youths and the art of lathi Sribhumi [1]. Under their leadership Surma and and sword play [5]. Barak Valley responded equally with other parts of Bengal to the anti-partition movement. Though the policy and programme of the association was intensely nationalistic, its Trends of the Movement nationalism did not degenerate into terrorism.
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