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Pocket Guide to South Africa 2016/17 Fourteenth (14th) edition Compiled, edited and published by: Government Communications (GCIS) Private Bag X745, Pretoria, 0001 Telephone: 012 473 0000 Website: www.gcis.gov.za ISBN: 978-0-620-76430-8 Editor: Elias Tibane Assistant editors: Miriam Mokoena and Malphia Honwane Support services: Carel Mojela Picture coordinator: Elizabeth Mpila Images supplied by: GCIS Design and layout: Rachel Sekhu Printed and bound in the Republic of South Africa by CTP, on behalf of Government Printing Works. Compiled, edited and published by the GCIS. The editorial staff has taken all reasonable care to ensure correctness of facts and statistics. However, any person requiring confirmation of any data in the Pocket Guide to South Africa, or more detailed and specific information, should consult the relevant department/institution. The information is also available on Government Online (www.gov.za). Unless otherwise specified, information contained in this Pocket Guide to South Africa was the latest available as at October 2017. i Pocket Guide to South Africa 2016/17 Foreword-Final.indd 1 11/21/17 10:38 AM FOREWORD Contents Foreword by President Jacob Zuma iii South Africa at a glance v History 1 South Africa’s people 9 Agriculture, forestry and fisheries 13 Arts and culture 25 Communications 45 Economy and finance 63 Education 79 Energy and water 91 Environment 105 Government 121 Health 131 Human settlements 139 International relations 145 Justice and correctional services 159 Mineral resources 169 Police and defence 175 Provinces 183 Rural development 193 Science and technology 199 Social development 209 Sport and recreation 219 Tourism 225 Transport 243 Reference list 253 ii ii Foreword-Final.indd 2 11/21/17 10:38 AM The Pocket Guide to South Africa 2016/17 provides a noteworthy reflection of the achievements of government, particularly those related to its cherished endeavour to address the triple challenge of inequality, poverty and unemployment by 2030, as guided by the National Development Plan (NDP). Government continues to work tirelessly to address these challenges, including the historical exclusion of black people from economic opportunities, in order to ensure a better life for all. Remarkable progress has been made in the implementation of the Nine-Point Plan, which is an action plan to deliver on the socio-economic goals stated in the NDP, especially to achieve a higher level of inclusive growth. The focus areas include energy; manufacturing; transport; telecommunications; water; tourism; the oceans economy; mining; agriculture; reform of state-owned companies; telecommunications; Industrial Policy Action Plan and managing workplace conflict. Government has been focusing attention on key priorities, which include job creation, fighting crime, providing quality healthcare and education, and rural development. Operation Phakisa, which was introduced to boost delivery initially in the oceans economy, education and health, has since been expanded to mining and agriculture, in particular aquaculture. The dominant narrative in South Africa is radical economic transformation, which seeks to take the country on the path to inclusive growth and a better life for all. The country’s economy, complemented by strong institutional and governance structures, remains stable and conducive for investment. Tourism, which contributes about 9% to South Africa’s national gross domestic product, has significant potential to create more jobs, accelerate inclusive economic growth and reduce poverty. In addition to being a primary destination of choice for a significant number of tourists, South Africa also remains a favourite host country for many international events, such as the 17th Conference of Parties to the Convention in International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora held in 2016. iii Pocket Guide to South Africa 2016/17 Foreword-Final.indd 3 11/21/17 10:38 AM FOREWORD The roll-out of the National Health Insurance – which aims to provide access to quality, affordable personal health services for all South Africans based on their health needs, irrespective of their socio-economic status – is intended to restore the dignity of our people, especially the poor. The health sector has recorded good progress in managing communicable diseases, including HIV, AIDS and TB. As a result of improved healthcare provision, overall life expectancy has steadily been increasing. Between 2002 and 2016, there was an overall increase in life expectancy (55,2 to 62,4 years) and a decline in infant (48,2 to 33,7 deaths per 1 000 live births) and under-five mortality rate (70,8 to 44,1 deaths per 1 000 live births). There had been a consistent increase in the percentage of individuals that benefited from social grants, from 12,7% in 2003 to 29,9% in 2016. The promotion and protection of the rights of all persons with disabilities in South Africa remains a national priority. Government continues to build decent human settlements and provide housing subsidies to indigent people. It has also prioritised the provision of comprehensive early childhood development programmes at day-care centres, crèches, playgroups, nursery schools and pre-primary schools. South Africa has been maintaining positive bilateral relations with other countries in the continent and beyond, and continues to participate in mediation efforts, peacekeeping operations and peace-making initiatives in some parts of the continent. In terms of safety and security, official statistics have shown that total crime as a percentage of the population (per capita crime) has been steadily decreasing. The fight against corruption in the Public Service has been intensified to ensure clean, effective and efficient governance. Whistle-blowers can anonymously call the National Anti-Corruption Hotline (0800 701 701) to report corruption in the Public Service. Meanwhile, government continues to promote social cohesion, nation-building and human rights as part of creating a united, non-racial, non-sexist, democratic and prosperous South Africa. His Excellency Jacob G. Zuma President of the Republic of South Africa August 2017 iviv Foreword-Final.indd 4 11/21/17 10:38 AM History Pocket Guide to South Africa 2016/17 v Pocket Guide to South Africa 2016/17 Pocket Guide 2016-17 South Africa at a glance.indd 5 11/2/17 1:57 PM SOUTH AFRICA AT A GLANCE Land surface area 1 220 813 km2 Key economic sectors Mining services and transport, energy, manufacturing, tourism and agriculture. Population Total 56,52 million Male 27,62 million (49%) Female 28,9 million (51%) Official languages English, isiZulu, isiXhosa, isiNdebele, Afrikaans, Siswati, Sepedi, Sesotho, Setswana, Tshivenda and Xitsonga. Currency Rand (ZAR) – 100 cents equals one rand. Time GMT +2 hours Government Constitutional multiparty democracy, with three spheres – local, provincial and national government. Capitals Pretoria (administrative); Cape Town (legislative); Bloemfontein (judicial). The Constitutional Court is located in Johannesburg. Provinces Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, North West and Western Cape. Transportation Excellent roads, rail and air facilities (both domestic and international). Public transport in major cities include the Gautrain between Johannesburg and Pretoria, and the Bus Rapid Transport System in major cities. Telecommunications World-class infrastructure. Internet access is widely available. There are five mobile (cellular) networks. Health Top-quality public and private healthcare is available throughout the country. Malaria precautions are necessary in some areas. Source: Statistics South Africa’s Mid-year Population Estimates, 2017. For more information, visit www.southafrica.info and www.gov.za vivi Pocket Guide 2016-17 South Africa at a glance.indd 6 11/2/17 1:57 PM History Pocket Guide to South Africa 2016/17 1 Pocket Guide to South Africa 2016/17 02. History-Final.indd 1 11/28/17 11:52 AM HISTORY Modern humans have lived at the southern tip of Africa for more than 100 000 years and their ancestors for some 3,3 million years. Some 2 000 years ago, the Khoekhoen (the Hottentots of early European terminology) were pastoralists who had settled mostly along the coast, while the San (the Bushmen) were hunter-gatherers spread across the region. At this time, Bantu-speaking agropastoralists began arriving in southern Africa, spreading from the eastern lowlands to the Highveld. At several archaeological sites there is evidence of sophisticated political and material cultures. European contact The first European settlement in southern Africa was established by the Dutch East India Company in Table Bay (Cape Town) in 1652. Created to supply passing ships with fresh produce, the colony grew rapidly as Dutch farmers settled to grow crops. Shortly after the establishment of the colony, slaves were imported from East Africa, Madagascar and the East Indies. The first British Settlers, known as the 1820 Settlers, arrived in Algoa Bay (now Nelson Mandela Bay) on board 21 ships, the first being the Chapman. They numbered about 4 500 and included artisans, tradesmen, religious leaders, merchants, teachers, bookbinders, blacksmiths, discharged sailors and soldiers, professional men and farmers. Conflict From the 1770s, colonists came into contact and inevitable conflict with Bantu-speaking chiefdoms some 800 km east of Cape Town. A century of intermittent warfare ensued during which the colonists gained ascendancy over the isiXhosa- speaking
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