Survey of in New Haven, Connecticut Phase II: Inventory of Historic Resources June 2011

Sponsors:

State of Connecticut

Dannell P. Malloy, Governor

Connecticut Commission on Culture & Tourism Historic Preservation and Museum Division

David Bahlman, Division Director

Mary M. Donohue, Project Director

The New Haven Preservation Trust

John Herzan, Preservation Services Officer

Charlotte Hitchcock, Survey Director A.H. Chadderdon, Amy Gagnon, Charlotte Hitchcock, Lucas Karmazinas, Frank Pannenborg, Julie Rosen, Christopher Wigren, Survey Team

Funding Provided by:

Cover photograph: 149 York Street

i The activity that is the subject of this project has been funded in full by the Connecticut Commission on Culture & Tourism with funds from the Community Investment Act of the State of Connecticut. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Commission, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the Commission.

ii Acknowledgements

The New Haven Preservation Trust acknowledges with gratitude the valuable contributions of the following individuals in producing Phase II of the Survey of Modern Architecture in New Haven, Connecticut.

Trust Advisor Christopher Wigren has for a long time recognized the need to identify, record, and protect New Haven’s distinctive and representative places that were created in the recent past. His vision and technical support led the Trust to undertake this important project.

Survey Director Charlotte Hitchcock skillfully coordinated the compilation of 123 historic resource inventory forms, preparing many herself and editing those submitted by survey volunteers A.H. Chadderdon, Amy Gagnon, Lucas Karmazinas, and Julie Rosen. Frank Pannenborg, Chris Wigren, and John Herzan reviewed each form and provided additional historical and technical information.

Many others offered assistance, most notably Karyn Gilvarg and the staff of the New Haven City Plan Department, Andy Rizzo and the staff of the New Haven Building Department, Jim Campbell of the New Haven Museum, and the staff of the New Haven Free Public Library. Gratitude is also owed to Vincent C. Amore, an architect whose works are included in this survey, for sharing his memories of the period.

We were particularly fortunate to have Frank Pannenborg, a retired staff architect for the City Plan Department, on the survey team. His knowledge of and access to the Building Department records made it possible to uncover much information that otherwise would not have been easily available. In addition, his firsthand memories of the survey period helped team members interpret information obtained from other sources.

Resource inventories similar to this report are based primarily on the format applied in the Historic Preservation in Connecticut series, compiled by the Connecticut Historical Commission (since replaced by the Historic Preservation and Museum Division of the Connecticut Commission on Culture & Tourism). The template for this study was provided by the Historic Preservation and Museum Division of the Connecticut Commission on Culture & Tourism and draws on the Historic and Architectural Resources Inventory for the Town of Simsbury, Connecticut, prepared in April, 2010, by Lucas Karmazinas of FuturePast Preservation, who in turn drew on survey work compiled by Philip S. Esser and Paul Graziano of Associated Cultural Resource Consultants and by Bruce Clouette of PAST Inc.

Finally, this project would not have been possible without funding from the Historic Preservation Division of the Connecticut Commission on Culture & Tourism. Survey and Grants Director Mary M. Donohue deserves special credit for her enthusiastic support and help throughout the project.

John Herzan

Preservation Services Officer

The New Haven Preservation Trust

June 2011

iii iv Contents

Acknowledgments

I. Introduction ...... 1

II. Method ...... 3

III. Historic Resource Inventory form ...... 5

IV. Historical and architectural overview ...... 8

V. Bibliography ...... 9

VI. Resources related to minorities and women ...... 10

VII. Recommendations ...... 12

VIII. List of resources ...... 20

IX. Mapping ...... 30

v vi I. Introduction

This inventory represents the second phase of a project of its creations approach the 50-year baseline for by the New Haven Preservation Trust (the Trust) to National Register listing, as architectural and decorating survey, document, and record resources related to the fashion look to for inspiration, and, sadly, historical and architectural development of New Haven as Modernist buildings begin to age and disappear. at the middle of the twentieth century. Experimental materials and building techniques sometimes fail, and changes in lifestyle focus attention In the years after World War II, New Haven became a on deficiencies. The demolition of the Veterans’ nationally known laboratory for Modernist architecture Memorial Coliseum has been the most heavily covered and planning. and proximity to Modernist preservation issue of recent years; others City brought new ideas and pioneering practitioners include the restoration of the Yale University Art Gallery to the city, where they created landmark buildings and the opening of ’s Glass House in and districts. Yale’s own ambitious postwar building New Canaan as a house museum in the spring of 2007, program resulted in a number of works that are as well as the well-publicized but unsuccessful effort internationally known. Some Yale-trained architects by the Connecticut Trust for Historic Preservation to remained in New Haven when their education was prevent demolition of Paul Rudolph‘s Micheels house, finished and they, along with other local architects, also in Westport. contributed to the architectural development of the city and the surrounding towns. Extensive coverage of New In this context, the Trust decided to undertake a survey Haven buildings in the architectural press bears witness of Modernist-era resources in New Haven. Phase I to the city’s importance and influence. of the project was an overview of the historical and architectural development of New Haven during the At the same time, New Haven was embarking on one of period 1931 to 1980. Covering the Great Depression, the earliest, best-funded, and most ambitious urban World War II, and the postwar urban renewal era, renewal programs in the nation. In a well-intentioned this period includes governmental relief projects of effort to improve the life of its citizens, the city drastically the 1930s that introduced the social aims that would reshaped its own landscape. Entire neighborhoods of later characterize urban renewal. Some of these, as housing and other buildings considered substandard well as other, private, projects also first introduced were demolished to be replaced with new, better- Modernist architecture to New Haven. The period ends designed construction that would embody the latest with the last of the heroic Modernist buildings and and most progressive ideas of urban planning and the introduction of Post-Modernism, paralleling the social thought. Again, the latest in high-quality archi- Reagan-era efforts to dismantle the social programs tecture was sought. In later phases, the city pioneered of the urban renewal era and the Great Society. The the preservation and rehabilitation of historic buildings overview, with the title “Tomorrow is Here: New and neighborhoods, particularly in the Wooster Square Haven and the Modern Movement,” was completed neighborhood, as an urban renewal tool. As with non- in June, 2008, by historian and preservation consultant renewal building, extensive coverage in the architectural Rachel D. Carley. press made New Haven’s urban renewal program known around the country. While we now see that In Phase II, the Trust has undertaken a survey of sites urban renewal was in many ways needlessly destructive related to the historical and architectural development and that many of the places that it created have proven of New Haven between 1931 and 1980. In this phase, to be as soul-destroying as the slums they replaced, the Trust has identified approximately 150 sites and the program still remains a highly significant historic completed Historic Resource Inventory forms for and architectural event in New Haven’s past, one that 123 sites, compiling descriptive and historical and touched nearly every corner of the city. architectural information as well as photographs. In addition, recommendations are provided for In recent years, the Modernist era has increasingly potential State and National Register listings and other received the attention of preservationists, as some preservation actions.

1 The goals of the survey have been:

1. To recognize and document an important era in New Haven’s history, one that brought drastic change in the shape of the city and that had national, if not international, repercussions.

2. To recognize and document New Haven’s extensive collection of Modernist architecture of the 1950s, ‘60s and ‘70s, much of it designed by leading practitioners.

3. To encourage careful renovation and adaptation of significant Modernist sites. The recognition afforded by a survey and, where appropriate, State or National Register listing, along with potential tax and code incentives, can make such work easier to accomplish in ways that preserve historic character.

4. To promote New Haven. The city’s architecture represents a potential source of local pride and an attraction for visitors that we do not take full advantage of.

In the future, the Trust plans to continue the work in this survey with additional phases focusing on public education and preservation advocacy. Publications— possibly including books, articles, and brochures— and events such as lectures and tours can make the information produced by the survey available to the public. Technical assistance and advocacy will help encourage and guide the reuse of significant Modernist sites in the city.

The Modernist era brought transformational changes to New Haven, some for the better, some for the worse. By recognizing and understanding the significance of the era, by preserving its best sites, and by adapting others to meet the human needs of the city, we can honor our past and build a better future.

2 II. Method

Once the grant for Phase II was approved, the Trust’s incomplete; occasionally providing nothing more than a Board of Directors decided that it wanted the survey photograph and an address. work to be done in-house, rather than hiring an outside consultant. Accordingly, a team was assembled under As the survey progressed, a decision was made to the overall management and oversight of Preservation favor sites of architectural significance, as this fit the Services Officer John Herzan, with Charlotte Hitchcock strengths of the survey team. Products of New Haven’s as survey director. Other Trust staff members, Anita urban renewal program — an historic event — were Buckmaster and Jean Pogwizd, provided administrative included in this focus, because Modernist architecture support. and planning were integral to the program.

The survey team was made up of volunteers and It was also decided that in most cases the priority graduate students in historic preservation and public would be to add buildings to the existing inventory history. Team members and their qualifications were: rather than revise existing forms. The exception to this principle was to prepare new inventory forms for sites • A. H. Chadderdon, retired professor of English that had modern-era significance not recognized in earlier surveys (for instance, 19th-century buildings • Amy Gagnon, graduate student in public history rehabilitated under urban renewal). • John Herzan, architectural historian and preservationist Other priorities were identifying the work of local architects, paying attention to landscape architecture • Charlotte Hitchcock, historical architect and and urban planning, and, in a few cases, documenting preservationist threatened resources. At least one inventoried building • Lucas Karmazinas, historian and historical was demolished while the survey was still underway. consultant Some buildings initially identified were not inventoried because it was readily apparent that they had been • Frank Pannenborg, architect substantially altered. • Julie Rosen, graduate student in historic preservation The original proposal for this survey outlined a time period from 1931 to 1980. However, the sites un- • Christopher Wigren, architectural historian and covered in actual work fell in a somewhat narrower preservationist period, from about 1935 to 1975. A few buildings were To begin the inventory, the team compiled a preliminary constructed later but had been planned during this list of possible survey subjects, with the understanding period. that the list would be refined and that more sites would In consultation with John Herzan and Charlotte be added during the survey process. The list was Hitchcock, team members chose sites which they drawn from materials collected by Trust volunteers; would survey. Initial assignments were clustered by among its principal sources were Rachel D. Carley’s neighborhood, but as work progressed, researchers overview essay, “Tomorrow is Here: New Haven and were assigned buildings by the same architect, in the Modern Movement,” Elizabeth Mills Brown’s book, order to save research time. In addition to her oversight New Haven: A Guide to Architecture and Urban Design duties, survey director Charlotte Hitchcock also (New Haven: , 1976), publications completed inventory forms for a number of sites. by the Alliance for Architecture, and architectural periodicals from the survey period. In addition to field work, research for the survey took place in libraries and city offices. Principal resources The next step was to compare this list with existing included Elizabeth Mills Brown’s guide to New Haven surveys, which revealed that some significant sites and Rachel Carley’s historical overview. In addition, from the era had already been identified and surveyed. researchers consulted contemporary newspaper A number of these earlier inventory forms were

3 articles, architectural periodicals, and other primary and secondary resources. City records, particularly the City Plan Department’s library and Building Department and Assessor’s records, were especially rich resources.

Once written, forms were reviewed by John Herzan, Frank Pannenborg, and Chris Wigren. Revisions were made by Charlotte Hitchcock.

4 III. The Historic Resource Inventory form

For each historic resource surveyed, an Historic what is current or up-to-date. ‘Modernism’ is used to Resource Inventory form was prepared. These forms describe the architectural movement that arose in the were completed following a standard electronic 20th century and that aimed specifically at rejecting document (.pdf format) created by the Historic the past and embracing modern technology, materials, Preservation and Museum Division of the Connecticut planning, and scientific method. It should be noted that Commission on Culture & Tourism, the state agency many of its proponents insisted that Modernism was responsible for historic preservation. Each form is not a style, but rather a movement that transcended divided into three main sections. These provide what they considered the purely decorative approach background, architectural, and historical information on of styles. However, it is possible to give the term ‘style’ the resource, and include the street number and name, a broader meaning—as a menu of design and building owner(s), type of use, style of construction, approximate choices that combine to characterize the building date of construction, construction materials and details, culture of a particular place or time. In that case, physical condition of the resource, character of the Modernism can indeed be considered a style. surrounding environment, description of the resource, architect/builder (if known), exterior photographs, and However, Modernism was never a monolithic an historical narrative. phenomenon; it contained sub-movements with readily identifiable stylistic characteristics. The survey The majority of the fields on the Historic Resource team identified several such sub-classifications as Inventory form should be self-explanatory; however, appearing in New Haven. As used in the survey, explanations of several of the less obvious categories they are listed and briefly described below. These follow. classifications have been based on those appearing in Jeanne Lambin, Preserving Resources from the Recent Historic Name Past (Washington, D.C.: National Trust for Historic The historic name of a resource serves as an indicator Preservation, 2007), pages 24-28, adapted to suit of its historical significance. When referring to public or circumstances in New Haven. commercial buildings, churches or synagogues, etc., International Style. Based on European Modernism an historic name is based upon a structure’s earliest as it developed in the 1920s and 1930s, particularly known use. in the teaching of the and in the work of Interior Accessibility such pioneering architects as , , , and . This was primarily a survey of exterior features. Characterized by emphasis on functionalism in design, However, many of the buildings included are open to use of industrial materials, smooth surfaces, and light the public, and this information was included in survey proportions, emphasis on volume rather than mass. forms where it could be ascertained. In addition, Example: WHNC Radio building, 135 College Street. information on interiors was included where readily available. Where access was not readily available it was Miesian. Minimalist in approach, generally not sought. featuring simple boxlike forms with an exposed (or expressed) steel frame and infill of glass, brick, or Style concrete block. Elegance of proportion and finish take the place of applied ornament, and structural details Since this was a survey of Modernist architecture, may be highlighted or even exaggerated for aesthetic almost every building included is classified as effect. Exemplified by the work of Ludwig Mies van der “Modernist” in style. (There are one or two exceptions Rohe. Example: Jet Cleaners, 687 State Street. that use historicist styles but demonstrate modern construction or planning.) Formalism. Inspired by classical architecture without directly utilizing classical forms. Buildings are formal, In this inventory, the word ‘modern’ simply refers to symmetrical, and often feature portico-like covered

5 exterior areas. Proportions are slender, and materials left unattended, could result in serious damage. are finely finished, typically aiming for elegance. “Deteriorated” indicates severe exterior problems and Example: East Rock Lodge IBPOE, 87 Webster Street. neglect, and was also used for one or two buildings slated for imminent demolition. Brutalism. In contrast to Miesian and Formalist designs, Brutalism consciously rejected any attempt at elegance of detail or finish. Buildings are characterized by planning from the inside out—that is, for function, Other Notable Features of Building or Site with scant concern for overtly artistic arrangement While many of the preceding fields list the basic details of forms. Forms are heavy, massive, and deeply of a resource’s construction, specifically the style, sculptural, and surfaces are deliberately rough or original date, materials, structural system, roof type, unfinished. Example: Yale Art and Architecture building, and size, this section allows the surveyor to elaborate 180 York Street. on a structure’s other architectural qualities. In the case . Seeks by its design to express of this survey it typically included a building’s orientation something about a building’s use or to evoke an relative to the street, its footprint, height, roof structure emotional reaction. Characterized by unusual, dramatic and materials, window types, wall cladding, and porch forms, often intended to express movement or flight. details. As the state does not expect inventories of Example: Ingalls Hockey Rink, 73 Sachem Street. this nature to address the interiors of private buildings, interiors were described only where easily accessible, Post-Modernism. A reaction against Modernism, as for public or commercial buildings open to the seeking to re-integrate historical and vernacular forms public. This field also allowed the surveyor to comment into architecture, but often in an ironic or mocking on any substantial alterations made to a resource. manner. Example: Dixwell Firehouse, 125 Goffe Street.

Historical or Architectural Importance Date of Construction/Dimensions Assessing the historical significance of each resource Dates of original construction are based primarily required detailed archival research. The methods on building permits in the New Haven Building applied varied, depending upon the information Department, confirmed as needed by architectural and available for each structure, but did not include a historical evidence, and archival research. The New complete chain of title research for each resource. Haven Assessor’s records were used to confirm and/or Local land records, maps, atlases, and architectural determine the dimensions of buildings. publications typically revealed the information necessary to confirm the dates given in the Assessor’s records. This research also served to build an historical Condition narrative for each structure. These highlight the relationship between the building, its users, and, in Condition assessments were based on a visual many cases, the broader course of urban renewal in investigation of the exterior of inventoried structures. New Haven or the development of the Yale campus. It was not possible to give a detailed assessment of the structural condition of the resources, as extensive This field also contains information indicating how a and interior assessments could not be conducted. particular resource exemplifies architectural qualities Buildings listed as being in “good” condition lack characteristic of the Modernist period. Architectural any glaring structural problems. Those listed as “fair” significance is assessed by evaluating a structure’s had problems, including badly peeling paint, cracked historical integrity. This is determined by judging siding and windows, or damaged roofs, which if whether it retains the bulk of its original material, if it

6 contributes to the historic character of the area, or if it is representative of an architect’s work, an architectural trend, or a building period. Although many houses have been modified in some way, unless drastic alterations have been made, a building is likely to retain much of its historic character. Where possible, a building is also evaluated in the broader context of architectural development in the years covered by the survey, the work of the architect, or its place in the larger streetscape or neighborhood. In almost all cases, the discussion of importance is brief. This is an introductory survey, and the forms are not intended to be exhaustive. Rather, they indicate general areas of significance and summarize readily available information.

7 IV. Historical and architectural overview

The historical and architectural overview is contained in Phase I report, “Tomorrow is Here: New Haven and the Modernist Movement,” by Rachel D. Carley, completed 2008.

8 V. Bibliography

An extensive bibliography is contained in Phase I report, “Tomorrow is Here: New Haven and the Modernist Movement,” by Rachel D. Carley. In addition, the survey phase used the following resources:

Online resources

American Institute of Architects.

The AIA Historical Directory of American Architects. http://www.cthistoryonline.org/cdm-cho/index.html This includes a list of all member architects prior to 1978 and three directory editions (1956, 1962, and 1970), which list basic biographical data and often cite significant commissions. It may be assumed that the AIA directory was consulted for nearly every inventory form, even if it is not cited on the form itself.

Bing Maps. http://www.bing.com/maps/ The aerial view function provides valuable information on building footprint and context.

Connecticut History Online. http://www.cthistoryonline.org/cdm-cho/index.html A source for photographs and other visual materials, including photographs of the Redevelopment Agency now in the collection of the New Haven Museum.

Google Maps. http://www.google.com/maps/ The street-level view function provides information on buildings’ appearance and surroundings.

Public records

Extensive use was made of City of New Haven records, particularly those of the City Plan Department, the Building Department, and the Assessor’s Records, available online through http://www.visionappraisal.com/

9 VI. Resources related to minorities and women

The inventory includes several works by architects who were women. Two of these practiced in their own names:

• Natalie DeBlois, Skidmore Owings and Merrill: Conte School, 511 Chapel Street/15 Wooster Place (1962) • Cloethiel Woodard Smith: Crown Tower, 123 York Street (1965)

Two other women practiced in partnership with their husbands and are not generally cited in the firm names or in published works.

• Jean Coolidge: see listings for Robert Coolidge • Diana Granbery: see listings for E. Carleton Granbery or Granbery/Cash and Associates

A number of other sites inventoried are associated with African-Americans in New Haven.

• Dixwell urban renewal area: a predominantly African-American neighborhood • Dwight urban renewal area: a neighborhood with a substantial African-American population • Dixwell Avenue United Church of Christ, 217 Dixwell Ave. (1968, John M. Johansen) • Mt. Bethel Missionary Baptist, 100 Webster St. (1973, King-lui Wu) • Immanuel Baptist Church, 1324 Chapel St. (1973, Edward E. Cherry) • Works by African-American architect Edward E. Cherry • East Rock Lodge, IBPOE, 85 Webster St. (1967, Granbery/Cash & Associates) • United House of Prayer for All People, 100 Dixwell Ave. (1980 , Edward E. Cherry) • McCullough Court Apartments 110 Dixwell Ave. (1981 , Edward E. Cherry) • B&L Plaza, 119 Dixwell Ave. (1973 , Edward E. Cherry) • Dixwell Community Q House, 197 Dixwell Ave. (1967, Herbert S. Newman and Edward E. Cherry) • Dixwell Avenue United Church of Christ, 217 Dixwell Ave. (1968 , John M. Johansen) • Bethel AME Church, 255 Goffe St. (1975, Joseph Godkin) • Trinity Temple Church of God in Christ, 275 Dixwell Ave. (1964 , Harrison E. Baldwin) • Florence Virtue Homes, 139 Goffe St. (1964 , John M. Johansen) • Henry & Jeanette Parker house, 13 Hughes Place (1971, Caswell Cooke)

Several buildings were designed by King-lui Wu, an Asian-American architect:

• Manuscript Society, 344 Elm St. (1961) • Mt. Bethel Missionary Baptist, 100 Webster St. (1973) • Medical building, 860 Howard Ave. (1975) • Creative Arts Workshop, 80 Audubon St. (addition, 1978)

10 Although Jews are not generally considered a minority group per se, it is worth noting that a number of new synagogues were built during the period covered by the survey. Many of these were constructed by congregations displaced from their previous facilities by urban renewal.

• Jewish Home for the Aged, 169 Davenport Ave. (1974, Douglas Orr, de Cossy and Winder); older portions of this complex are already listed on the National Register • Adas B’nai Jeshrun, 85 Greenwood St. (1957) • Beth El Keser Israel, 85 Harrison St. (1960, Jacob Weinstein) • Young Israel, 292 Norton St. (1958, 1978, Frank Chapman and Howard Philips) • Westville Synagogue, 74 West Prospect St. (1957-58, Everett Bradley, Leo F. Caproni)

11 VII. Recommendations

Modern architecture and urban renewal played important roles in the development of New Haven after World War II. New Haven was nationally recognized for the extent and ambition of its building, both in terms of social betterment and of its goals of excellence in planning and architecture. Both Yale University and the city’s urban renewal program specifically aimed to employ prominent leaders in the fields of architecture and planning. And in both cases the results were extensively published at the time and have been extensively studied ever since. As a result, a number of sites identified in this survey of Modernist architecture in New Haven, as well as Modernist sites identified in earlier surveys, appear to qualify for listing on the National Register of Historic Places.

The National Register recognizes sites that possess integrity of design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling and association with one or more of the following areas:

A. association with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history;

B. that are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past;

C. that embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or

D. that have yielded or may be likely to yield, information important to prehistory or history.

Since this survey has concentrated on Modernist architecture in New Haven, most of the sites identified are significant under criterion C—that is, for their architecture. The principal exception is urban renewal, which constitutes a significant historic event in the history of New Haven and the nation. Further study of New Haven’s history during the 20th century will certainly reveal other sites that are significant for their association with historic events and persons.

Properties to be listed on the National Register generally should be at least 50 years old. However, Criteria Consideration G allows properties that have achieved significance within the past 50 years to be listed if they are “of exceptional importance.” As discussed below, a number of sites identified in this survey and earlier surveys in New Haven appear to qualify for listing under Criteria Consideration G.

Thematic nominations

The survey reveals two major thematic areas for which multiple property thematic nominations could be written. Both themes are of national significance and both possess the potential to include properties less than 50 years old because of their level of significance.

Theme: Urban Renewal in New Haven

This theme covers buildings, landscapes and plans created by, or resulting directly or indirectly from, the actions of the Redevelopment Agency between approximately 1950 and 1980. Because New Haven’s urban renewal program generally worked on a neighborhood-wide basis, most of the urban renewal sites fall within potential historic districts. Within these districts, buildings that are less than 50 years old may qualify as contributing, even though individually they may not qualify. In some cases individual designations may be appropriate because sites possess exceptional significance, because subsequent actions have reduced the integrity of the district as a whole, or because owners’ objections make districts politically impossible. Housing, as well as schools, fire stations and other community facilities are property types particularly characteristic of urban renewal efforts in New Haven. Attention should be paid to landscapes and urban planning as well as buildings themselves. In some cases, rehabilitation of older buildings under the auspices of the Redevelopment Agency adds another layer of

12 significance to buildings or districts already listed in the National Register—for example, in the Wooster Square historic district, which was one of the first urban renewal projects in the county to take advantage of a change in federal urban renewal funding to allow for rehabilitation rather than demolition of blighted property. In addition, churches and other properties built by individuals or groups displaced by urban renewal may qualify.

Potential districts covered by this theme include the following:

• Wooster Square: there is now a proposal to update this existing NRHD to add urban renewal significance. It may also be advisable to revise the boundaries of the current historic district to include sites relevant to the expanded period of significance. • Dixwell urban renewal area: including properties on Dixwell Avenue, Webster and Goffe streets; and maybe Orchard and Henry streets as well. • East Street urban renewal area: made up of commercial and light industrial structures erected east of I-91, including East, Franklin, Hamilton, and Wallace streets, as well as Grand Avenue. • Downtown urban renewal area, including Chapel Square, Church Street commercial development, the Knights of Columbus building, parking garages along Crown and residential high-rises along Crown, George, and York Streets, and commercial/office buildings at College Street. • The Oak Street Connector (Rte 34) presents a particular challenge. It was the first large-scale urban renewal project undertaken in New Haven, and the Connector is lined with prominent and significant buildings, scaled to the roadway itself. What holds these buildings together as a larger entity is the Connector, which is significant as an early freeway and as one of the first and most visible products of New Haven’s urban renewal program. However, listing the Connector would doubtless attract opposition on several fronts, particularly in light of the city’s efforts to replace much of it with surface streets. • Hill urban renewal area, including Church Street South and Robert T. Wolfe apartments on Union Avenue, Tower One and Tower Two, Liberty Square, and schools and infill housing on the west side of Howard Avenue This area may be better treated as two districts. • Sargent Drive area: comprising buildings along Sargent Drive and the waterfront. • Audubon Arts District urban renewal area: primarily on Audubon Street, but possibly including related resources on Orange Street, Whitney Avenue, and Lincoln Street. In addition to these districts, a number of individual sites outside these areas are related to urban renewal efforts, either built by or under the direct auspices of the Redevelopment Agency, or by persons, commercial concerns or organizations displaced by urban renewal. Community facilities, including schools and park structures, are included in this group as representing the broader commitment to community improvement that motivated urban renewal.

• Prescott Bush Mall, 230 County St. (1965, Granbery/Cash and Associates) • Newhall Gardens elderly housing, Daisy St. (1962, Granbery/Cash and Associates) • Antillean Manor, 202 Day St. (1971, David Travers) • Martin Luther King School, 580 Dixwell Ave. (1967, Damuck and Babbit; Charles Brewer, design consultant) • Trade Union Plaza, 65 Dwight St. (1968, Victor Christ-Janer and Associates, with Davis, Cochran and Miller) • Dwight Cooperative Townhouses, 99 Edgewood Ave. (1968, Gilbert Switzer) • Ellsworth Avenue Fire Station, 120 Ellsworth Ave. (1968, Carlin, Pozzi and Associates) • Seabury Cooperative Housing, 400 Elm St. (1972, William F. Pedersen and Associates) • Matthew R. Ruoppolo Manor, 480 Ferry St. (1969-71, Gilbert Switzer) • Valentina Macri Court, 109 Frank St. (1972, Frank Chapman)

13 • Waverly and George Street Housing, 578 George St. (1972, Ahlstrom and Lee); as well as the Valley Street Housing, built to the same plans. • Fairbank Apartments, 201 Grand Ave. (1973, Westcott and Mapes) • Donald Grant Mitchell Library, 37 Harrison St. (1964, Gilbert Switzer) • William T. Rowe Tower, 904 Howard Ave. (1974, Herbert S. Newman and Associates) • Quinnipiac School, 460 Lexington Ave. (1954, Perkins and Will, with Carleton Granbery; Dan Kiley, landscape) • Lombard Fire Station/East Battalion Headquarters, 412 Lombard St. (1957, C. H. Abramowitz) • Central Services Building, 34 Middletown Ave. (1957, Robert T. Coolidge and E. Carleton Granbery) • East Rock Community School, 133 Nash St. (1972, Edward Larrabee Barnes) • Ethan Gardens, 365 Orchard St. (1968, David Travers) • Townhouse Apartments, 431 Orchard St. (1968, Gilbert Switzer) • Coogan Pavilion, Edgewood Park, 740 Whalley Ave. (1961, Granbery/Cash and Associates) • Houses moved and restored under urban renewal, University Pl. (c.1970) • Whitney Avenue Fire Station, 352 Whitney Ave. (1962, Carlin, Pozzi and Millard) • Warming House, East Shore Park, 300 Woodward Ave. (1970, Charles H. Brewer) • Woodward Fire Station, Engine No. 5, 824 Woodward Ave. (1960 Carlin, Pozzi and Associates)

Theme: Modernist Architecture at Yale University

Under the leadership of presidents A. Whitney Griswold and Kingman Brewster, Yale consciously embarked on a building program that employed Modernist architects of national, and sometimes international, reputation. Many of these architects also spent time teaching at the university and were commissioned to design other buildings in New Haven, either for the city or for other clients. Many of Yale’s Modernist buildings were published in architectural journals and were — and still are — widely known and influential in the development of Modern architecture. As a result, this theme as a whole and many individual buildings appear to qualify under Criteria Consideration G, for sites that have achieved significance in less than 50 years. Buildings identified in New Haven surveys that appear to meet the criteria for listing include the following (asterisks indicate buildings already listed on the State Register):

• Yale Center for British Art, 1080 Chapel St. (1973, Louis I. Kahn; completed by Meyers and Pellicchia) • Yale University Art Gallery, 1111 Chapel St. (1953, Louis I. Kahn with the Office of Douglas W. Orr) • Manuscript Society, 344 Elm St. (1961, King-lui Wu) • Mansfield Street Apartments, 291 Mansfield St. (1960, Paul Rudolph) • Becton Engineering and Applied Science Center, 15 Prospect St. (1968, Marcel Breuer and Associates) • Kline Biology Tower, 219 Prospect St. (1964, Philip Johnson Associates) • Kline Chemistry Laboratory, 243 Prospect St. (1964, Philip Johnson Associates) • William B. Greeley Memorial Laboratory, 370 Prospect St. (1959, Paul Rudolph) • Yale Computer Center, 60 Sachem St. (1961, Gordon Bunshaft of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill; additions for School of Management, 1978, Edward Larrabee Barnes) • *David , 73 Sachem St. (1957, )

14 • Beinecke Library, 123 Wall St. (1961, Gordon Bunshaft of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill; , sculpture) • Kline Geology Laboratory, 210 Whitney Ave. (1963, Philip Johnson Associates) • Yale University Press, 149 York St. (1959, Office of Carleton Granbery) • *Art and Architecture Building, 180 York St. (1961-63, Paul Rudolph) • Morse and Stiles Colleges and Yale Co-op, 302 York St. and 77 Broadway (1960, Eero Saarinen)

Theme: Mid-Twentieth Century Modern Residences in Connecticut, 1930-1979

In addition to the two thematic nominations recommended, this survey includes sites that could be nominated under the existing Multiple Property Submission, “Mid-Twentieth Century Modern Residences in Connecticut, 1930-1979.” The following houses are already 50 years old and appear to meet the criteria for listing under this theme:

• Jose Delgado house, 50 Autumn St. (1959) • Mrs. E. T. Tuttle house, 107 Autumn St. (1959, E. Carleton Granbery) • Edward and Margaret Logue house, 8 Reservoir Rd. (1953 Chester Bowles, Jr.). This house appears also to qualify for listing under Criterion B, as the home of New Haven’s development administrator from 1954 to 1960, during the urban renewal period. • A. Lincoln Washburn house, 253 Saint Ronan St. (1961) • Harold and Miriam Ratner house, 135 Seneca Rd. (1955, Harold Ratner)

A number of other houses identified in the survey are less than 50 years old; at this point we do not recommend any of them for listing under Criterion Consideration G; however, as they reach 50 years of age, they should be considered for listing.

Historic district listings

Southern Connecticut State University

The present campus of Southern Connecticut State University was established on the western edge of the city during the redevelopment era, and contains buildings designed for the most part by architects from New Haven or elsewhere in Connecticut. While none of these rise to the national significance of Yale’s Modernist buildings, they possess significance on a statewide and local level. The following buildings were identified, are at least 50 years old, and should be considered for National Register listing in conjunction with the campus plan as a whole; as other buildings reach 50 years of age they too should be considered for listing.

Seabury Hall — Residence hall (1959, Paul Schweikher and Earl Carlin)

Ralph Earl Hall – Fine Arts Building (1959, Tilney and Pedersen)

College Memorial Union – Old Student Center (1959, Carl R. Blanchard, Jr.) (currently under renovation)

Other National Register districts in New Haven should be evaluated for the possibility of revising them to include buildings and sites from the urban renewal and Modernist eras.

15 Individual property listings

The following sites are most highly recommended for individual listing on the National Register. Some fall within potential districts or thematic nominations discussed above, but if those larger nominations are not completed, individual listing is recommended. In a few cases the architects of these buildings are still practicing; those buildings should wait for listing until their architects have retired, allowing for an evaluation of the building’s place in the architect’s entire body of work.

• Christ Church parish house, 84 Broadway (1961, Granbery/Cash and Associates) • Yale Center for British Art, 1080 Chapel St. (1973, Louis I. Kahn, completed by Pellecchia and Myers) • Yale University Art Gallery, 1111 Chapel St. (1953, Louis I. Kahn with the Office of Douglas W. Orr). • Richard C. Lee High School, 100 Church Street South (1964, John Dinkeloo and Associates) • Church Street South housing, 109 Church Street South (1969, ML/TW Charles Moore Associates) • WNHC Radio Building, 135 College St. (1959, C. H. Abramowitz) • Knights of Columbus building, 1 Columbus Plaza (1967, Kevin Roche John Dinkeloo and Associates) • Trade Union Plaza, 65 Dwight St. (1968, Victor Christ-Janer and Associates, with Davis, Cochran and Miller) • Dwight Co-op town houses, 99 Edgewood Ave. (1968, Gilbert Switzer) • Fieldhouse, Hopkins Grammar School, 986 Forest Rd. (1937, Office of Douglas W. Orr; Robbins H. Miller) • SNET office building, 300 George St. (1957, Office of Douglas W. Orr) • Dixwell Firehouse, 125 Goffe St. (1973, Venturi and Rauch) • Helene Grant School, 185 Goffe St. (1964, John M. Johansen) • Central Fire Headquarters, 952 Grand Ave. (1961, Earl P. Carlin; Peter Millard, design associate) • Liberty Square Homes, 9 Liberty St. (1962, Carl Koch and Associates) • Mansfield Apartments, 291 Mansfield St. (1960, Paul Rudolph) • Central Services Building, 34 Middletown Ave. (1957, Robert T. Coolidge and E. Carleton Granbery) • EOC plaza, 200 Orange St. (1978, Paul Rudolph) • Crawford Manor, 90 Park St. (1965, Paul Rudolph) • Becton Engineering and Applied Science Center, 15 Prospect St. (1968, Marcel Breuer and Associates) • Kline Biology Tower, 291 Prospect St. (1964, Philip Johnson Associates) • William B. Greeley Memorial Laboratory, 370 Prospect St. (1959, Paul Rudolph) • Edward and Margaret Logue house, 8 Reservoir St. (1953, Chester Bowles, Jr.) • Armstrong Rubber Company building, 500 Sargent Dr. (1968, Marcel Breuer with Robert F. Gatje) • Temple Street Garage, 21 Temple St. (1961, Paul Rudolph) • United Church parish house, 323 Temple St. (1961, Pedersen and Tilney) • Valley Street World War II housing, Valley Street, Victory Drive, Hilltop (1943, Office of Douglas W. Orr) • Whitney Avenue Fire Station, 352 Whitney Ave. (1962, Carlin, Pozzi and Millard) • Fire Station No. 5, 824 Woodward Ave. (1960, Carlin, Pozzi and Associates) • Conte Community School, 15 Wooster Pl. (1960, Gordon Bunshaft and Natalie DeBlois of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill)

16 Design professionals

This survey has identified a number of architects, landscape architects, planners, artists, and designers who worked on building, landscape, or planning projects in New Haven during the study period. Two groups are of particular and complementary interest: first, nationally-known architects brought in by Yale or the city because of their position as leaders in their profession; and, second, local architects who formed the basis of a thriving local design scene. Efforts should be made to recognize both groups in National Register nominations.

A few of these professionals are still active, and their works probably would not be accepted as long as they continue to practice; however, once they retire their works should be considered for designation.

Nationally known design professionals

• Edward Larrabee Barnes • Marcel Breuer • Victor Christ-Janer • John M. Johansen • Philip Johnson • Louis Kahn • Dan Kiley, landscape architect • Carl Koch • Charles Moore • Costantino Nivola, sculptor • Isamu Noguchi, sculptor • Eliot Noyes • Perkins and Will • Paul Rudolph • Eero Saarinen, and his successors Kevin Roche and John Dinkeloo • Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, particularly Gordon Bunshaft and Natalie DeBlois • Chloethiel Woodard Smith • Venturi and Rauch Local design professionals

• Charles H. Abramowitz • Vincent Amore • Antinozzi Associates • Chester Bowles, Jr. • Charles Brewer • Earl Carlin and associates Peter Millard and Paul Pozzi • Frank Chapman • Edward E. Cherry

17 • Robert Coolidge and Jean Coolidge • E. Carleton Granbery and Diana Granbery • Herbert S. Newman • Douglas W. Orr, with William deCossy and Frank Winder • William Pedersen, Pedersen and Tilney • Roth and Moore • James Skerritt, landscape architect • Gilbert Switzer • Jacob Weinstein • Westcott and Mapes • King-lui Wu

State Register of Historic Places

Designation on the Connecticut State Register of Historic Places should also be considered. While sites listed on the National Register or included in local historic districts are automatically added to the State Register, State Register listing alone may be appropriate in other cases, particularly for properties that do not reach the extraordinary level of significance that the National Register requires for properties less than 50 years old, or where the owner objects to National Register listing. The criteria for the State Register are the same as for the National Register, but the review process is less demanding.

18 National Historic Landmarks

The highest level of federal historical designation, National Historic Landmarks are places that possess exceptional value or quality in illustrating and interpreting the heritage of the United States.

Because of their extraordinary significance in the development of Modernist architecture and/or in New Haven’s nationally significant urban renewal program, the following sites should be considered for listing as National Historic Landmarks (asterisks indicate sites already listed in the Connecticut State Register of Historic Places).

• Yale University Art Gallery, 1111 Chapel St. (1953, Louis I. Kahn with the Office of Douglas W. Orr) and Yale Center for British Art, 1080 Chapel St. (1973, Louis I, Kahn; completed by Pellecchia and Myers): the first and last major works by Louis I. Kahn, one of the nation’s leading masters of Modernist architecture. • Temple Street Garage, 21 Temple St. (1961, Paul Rudolph): one of the key works by Paul Rudolph, a leading master of Modernist architecture, and one of the signature buildings of New Haven’s urban renewal program. • *Yale Art and Architecture Building, 180 York St. (1961-63, Paul Rudolph): a key work by Paul Rudolph, a leading master of Modernist architecture, and a key work in the changing face of Modernism in the 1960s. • Beinecke Library, 123 Wall St. (1961, Gordon Bunshaft of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill; sculpture by Isamu Noguchi): a collaboration between a leading Modernist architect known for institutional and corporate works in the International Style subset of Modernism, with a leading sculptor whose work sometimes expanded into landscape design. • Becton Engineering and Applied Science Center, 15 Prospect St. (1968, Marcel Breuer and Associates): the best preserved building in New Haven by a former Bauhaus instructor who was instrumental in bringing Bauhaus ideals to America and particularly to Connecticut . • *Stiles and Morse Colleges, 302 York St. (1960, Eero Saarinen): one of the last works of Eero Saarinen, a key figure in the development of Modernist architecture from the International style to more personal and expressive designs. • Ingalls Rink, 73 Sachem St. (1957, Eero Saarinen): a key work by Eero Saarinen, a key figure in the development of Modernist architecture from the International style to more personal and expressive designs, and one of the key works in Yale’s program of commissioning campus buildings by highly influential Modernist architects. • Central Fire Headquarters, 952 Grand Ave. (1961, Earl P. Carlin; Peter Millard, design associate): an embodiment of New Haven’s urban renewal program, one of the most extensive and most influential in the country, epitomized by one of the most notable public buildings produced by the urban renewal program. • Dixwell Firehouse, 125 Goffe St. (1973, Venturi and Rauch): a landmark of urban renewal and of the beginnings of Post-Modernism.

19 VIII. List of resources

The following sites are included in Phase II of the Trust’s survey of Modernist architecture in New Haven. Beginning on page 25 is a separate list of Modernist sites inventoried in earlier surveys of New Haven.

STREET No. HISTORIC NAME DATE ARCHITECT / LANDSCAPE ARCHI- TECT / ENGINEER Audubon St. 70 Community Foundation 1989 Amore, Vincent C. Audubon St. 80 Creative Arts Workshop Altera- 1978 Wu, King-lui tions Audubon St. 80 Creative Arts Workshop 1972 Orr, deCossy, Winder & Associates Audubon St. 95 Audubon Court 1987 Newman, Herbert Audubon St. 100 Neighborhood Music School 1968 Brewer, Charles Autumn St. 50 Delgado, Jose 1959 Gualtier & Johnson Autumn St. 70 Leavy, Stanley & Margaret 1967 Granbery/Cash & Associates Autumn St. 107 Tuttle, Mrs. 1959 Granbery, E. Carleton & Diana Bradley St. 58 Two-family house 1967 Rapp, Thomas Bristol St. 114 Johnson, Edith M., Towers 1971 Newman, Herbert S., & Associates Broadway 86 First National Bank 1951 Orr, Douglas W., Office of Carroll St. 21 Amore, Vincent C. & Dorothy 1967 Amore, Vincent C. Chapel St. 424 Mansaver Industries 1963 Abramowitz, Charles. H. Chapel St. 1311 Garden Street Tot Lot 1968 NH Redevelopment Agency Chapel St. (at Olive St.) 630 State-Federal Building 1963 Damuck & Painchaud Chapel St. (at Union 680 Firestone Tire Company 1962 Goodwin, D.W., Firestone Company St.) Chapel St. (at Union 698 Union Street Park 1965 Skerritt, James L. St.) Chapel St. (& Wooster 511 Conte Community School 1962 Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Gordon Pl.) Bunshaft / Church St. South 2 Doctors’ Building 1963 Westcott & Mapes Cliff St. 135 Wareck, Stephen & Barbara 1969 Sullivan, Daniel College St. 135 WNHC Radio Building 1959 Abramowitz, Charles H. County St. 220 Bush, Prescott, Mall 1966 Granbery/Cash & Associates Court St. 6 Landscape 1961 Skerritt, James L. Crescent St. - Fitch St 501 SCSU Dorothy R. Davis Hall 1969 Kane, Fairchild, Farrel, White & Ral- lis Crescent St. - Fitch St 501 SCSU 1970 Blanchard, Carl R. Jr.

20 Crescent St. - Fitch St 501 SCSU Hilton C. Buley Library 1970 Antinozzi Associates Crescent St. 501 SCSU Ralph Earl Hall (Fine Arts) 1959 Pedersen & Tilney Crescent St. 501 SCSU Anne E. Seabury Hall 1959 Schweikher, Paul & Carlin, Earl Crescent St. 501 SCSU Memorial Student Union 1959 Blanchard, Carl R. Jr. Daisy St. 5 Newhall Gardens 1962 Granbery/Cash & Associates Davenport Ave. 156 Zion Lutheran Church 1969 Granbery/Cash & Associates Dixwell Ave. 100 United House of Prayer for All 1980 Cherry, Edward E. People Dixwell Ave. 110 McCullough Court 1981 Cherry, Edward E. Dixwell Ave. 119 B & L Plaza 1974 Cherry, Edward E. Dixwell Ave. 275 Trinity Temple Church of God in 1965 Baldwin, Harrison E. Christ Dixwell Ave. 580 Martin Luther King School 1968 Damuck & Babbit; Brewer, Charles East St. 300 Otto Schultz Electric Company 1962 Woolley, Eben B. East St. 410 Elm City Photo 1963 Hoechel, Juliius East St. 426 DeMusis Brothers 1962 Perry & Travers; with Amore, Vin- cent C. East St. 438 Edsan Chemical Compoany 1961 Pedersen & Tilney Edwards St. 15 Firehouse 19 1974 Switzer, Gilbert Ellsworth Ave. 120 Ellsworth Avenue Fire Station 1969 Carlin & Pozzi Fair St. 20 Terminal Taxi 1961 Davis Cochran & Miller Ferry St. 480 Ruoppolo, Matthew R., Manor 1969 Switzer, Gilbert Ferry St.(at Grand Ave.) 355 Fairbank Apartments / NH Sav- 1973 Westcott & Mapes ings Bank Fillmore St. 162 Farnam Neighborhood House 1963 Labov, Harry W. & Joseph Forest Rd. 851 Cornelius Residence 1963 Small, Roger Forest Rd. 986 Hopkins Grammar School Old 1938 Orr, Douglas W., Office of Gym St. 200 Executive House 1963 Switzer, Gilbert Frank St. 109 Valentina Macri Court 1972 Chapman, Frank C. George St. 297 Peter James Apartments 1966 Simeone & Wendler George St. 300 Southern New England Tele- 1959 Orr, Douglas W., Office of phone Company Goffe St. 148 St. Martin de Porres Co-op 1968 Polak & Sullivan

21 Goffe St. 244 Goffe Street Town Houses 1970 Cherry, Edward E. Goffe St. 255 Bethel AME 1975 Godkin, Joseph I. Grand Ave. 580 Grand Light & Supply 1963 Caproni, Leo F. Grand Ave. 645 B. Rottman & Sons 1961 Pedersen & Tilney Grand Ave. 656 Marzullo’s Bakery 1963 Fletcher-Thompson, Inc. Grand Ave. 657 DeLauro Park 1971 Kiley, Dan Grand Ave. 835 Wozniak Meat Products 1963 Muzyka, J. D. Grand Ave. 935 Lucibello’s Italian Pastry 1963 Damuck & Painchaud Grand Ave. 952 Central Fire Headquarters 1961 Carlin, Earl P. Greene St. 265 Town House on the Park 1964 Mileto, William Hamilton St. 60 New Haven Testing Lab 1967 Switzer, Gilbert Hamilton St. 75 Uneeda Sales Company 1963 Pokras, Allan Hamilton St. 80 Hi-Temp Corporation Repair 1963, Heyer, Richard F. Shop / Electronic Equipment 1976 Hamilton St. 105 Cohen & Powell, Inc. 1964 Abramowitz, Charles H. Harrison St. 37 Donald Grant Mitchell Library 1966 Switzer, Gilbert Harrison St. 85 Beth El Keser Israel (BEKI) 1960 Weinstein, Jacob Hillhouse Drive, East English Shelter 1953 Coolidge, Robert T. (& Jean) Rock Park Howard Ave. 904 William T. Rowe Tower 1975 Newman, Herbert S., & Associates Hughes Place 13 Parker, Henry & Jeanette 1971 Cooke, Caswell Ives Place 50 Ives, H. B., Company 1965 Caproni, Leo F. Jefferson St. Lenzi Park 1970 Kiley, Dan Lombard St. 412 Lombard Fire Station, Engine 1957 Abramowitz, Charles H. Co. No.10 Mansfield St. 291 Mansfield Street Apartments 1960 Rudolph, Paul Meadow St. 54 New York, New Haven & Hart- 1948 Orr, Douglas W., Office of ford Railroad Middletown Ave. 34 Central Service Building 1957 Coolidge, Robert T. (& Jean) Nash St. 133 East Rock Community School 1974 Barnes, Edward Larrabee Norton St. 292 Young Israel of New Haven 1958, Chapman, Office of; Frank & Phil- 1978 lips, Howard Ogden St. 255 Festa, Gene & Mae 1974 Festa, Gene Olive St. 101 Paul Russo Apartments 1965 Simeone & Wendler

22 Olive St. 120 Friendship Houses 1967 Granbery/Cash & Associates Orange St. 348 Jacobs Grudberg Belt & Dow 1976 Switzer, Gilbert & Associates OrangeSt. 200 EOC Plaza - New Haven gov- 1978 Rudolph, Paul ernment center project Orchard St. 654 Eastern Press 1965 Carlin, Pozzi & Associates Park St. 34 CT Mental Health Center 1966 Pedersen & Tilney Printers Lane 30 Hoffman Press 1961 Hoechel, J. Quinnipiac/Lexington 805 Quinnipiac School 1965 Perkins & Will, Carleton Granbery, Ave. Dan Kiley Reservoir St. 8 Logue, Edward & Margaret 1955 Bowles, Chester, Jr. Saint Ronan St. 253 Washburn, A. Lincoln 1961 Pedersen & Tilney Saint Ronan St. 401 Angell, Mrs. J. R. 1966 Petchler, William Saint Ronan St. (aka 305 Bethesda Lutheran Church 1958 Orr, Douglas W., Office of (H. Dilling- Whitney Ave.) ham “Ding” Palmer) Sargent Dr. 400 Howard Johnson Motor Inn 1971 Slingerland, Boos & Fakas Seneca Rd. 135 Ratner, Harold & Miriam 1955 Ratner, Harold L. South Water St. 100 Chart House Restaurant 1974 Pereira, Willliam L., Associates. State St. 400 SNET Central Office Building 1975 Westcott & Mapes No. 3 State St. 687 Jet Cleaners 1966 Amore, Vincent C. State St. 843 New Haven Central Hospital for 1976 Amore, Vincent C. Veterinary Medicine State St. 1080 Ralph Walker Rink (Blake Field) 1968. Cahn Engineers, Granbery/ Cash & 1975 Associates Stevenson Road 125 Geisinger House 1964 Amore, Vincent C. Union Ave. 49 Wolfe, Robert T., Apartments 1972 Moore-Turnbull Assocs. Union St. 37 Standard Tire Company 1962 deCossy, Vercelli, Winder Union St. 87 Elm City Plumbing 1961 Abramowitz, Charles H. Valley St, Victory Drive, 57 West Hills War Workers Housing 1942 Orr, Douglas W., Office of Hilltop, Rock Creek Valley St. 311 West Hills School 1950 Della Valle, Joseph Valley St. 410 McConaughey Terrace 1948 Orr, Douglas W., Office of Wallace St. 178 Westinghouse Corporation 1962 Noyes, Eliot, and Caproni, Leo F. Wallace St. 200 Teamsters Union, Local 445 1964 Kane & Fairchild

23 Wallace St. 205 Rashba, S., & Sons, Movers 1963 Gitlitz, Samuel Warren St. 60 Winslow Celentano Housing 1965 Granbery/Cash & Associates Webster St. 87 East Rock Lodge, IBPOE 1967 Granbery/Cash & Associates Webster St. 100 Mt. Bethel Missionary Baptist 1973 Wu, King-lui Church West Prospect St. 74 Westville Synagogue 1958, Bradley, Everett (1958), Caproni, 1964 Leo F. (1964) Whalley Ave. 740 Coogan Pavilion (Edgewood 1961 Granbery/Cash & Associates Park) Whalley Ave. 299 Tradesmans Bank 1956 Jost, Charles Whalley Ave. 419 Whalley Center 1967 Schilling & Goldbecker Whitney Ave. (at Audu- 55 Office Building 1988 Roth and Moore bon St.) Woodward Ave. 300 Salperto Rink (East Shore Park) 1972 Brewer, Charles H. Woodward Ave. 824 Woodwoard Fire Station, Engine 1960 Carlin & Pozzi No. 5 Wooster St. 139 Libby’s Pastry Shop 1966 McGuerty, John Wooster St. 158 Columbus Mall 1964 Carlin, Earl P. York St. 123 Crown Court Parking Structure 1965 Smith, Chloethiel Woodard York St. 149 Yale University Press 1960 Granbery, Carleton, Office of

24 The following is a separate list of Modernist sites inventoried in earlier surveys of New Haven.

STREET No. HISTORIC NAME DATE ARCHITECT / LANDSCAPE ARCHI- TECT / ENGINEER Boulevard 1850 Rallph Affinito house 1958 Broadway 65 Yale Co-op East 1974 Newman, Herbert S., & Assocs. Broadway 77 Yale Co-op 1961 Saarinen, Eero Broadway 84 Christ Church parish house 1961 Granbery, E. Carleton Chapel Street 782 Loft Candies 1945 Chapel Street 900 Chapel Square Mall 1965 Douglass, Lathrop Chapel Street 926 Michael’s Jewelers 1941 Chapel Street 1080 Yale Center for British Art 1977 Kahn, Louis I. Chapel Street 1111 Yale University Art Gallery 1953 Kahn, Louis I., with Orr, Douglas, Office of Chapel Street 1156 Jewish Community Center 1952 Abramowitz, Charles H. Chapel Street 1182 Commercial building 1950 Chapel Street 1184 Park-Crest Building 1965 Chapel Street 1203 Commercial building 1945 Chapel Street 1226 Duchess Diner 1955 Chapel Street 1294 office building 1950 Chapel Street 1324 Immanuel Baptist 1973 Cherry, Edward E. Chapel Street 1354 Health center 1963 Chapel Street 1360 Commercial building 1958 Chapel Street 1366 Mrs Emly’s Bakery 1947 Chapel Street 1401 Office building 1968 Switzer, Gilbert, and Matthew Blakely Chapel Street 1423 Chapel Medical Center 1970 Church Street 1 First New Haven Bank 1960 Orr, Douglas W., Office of Church Street 55 Connecticut Savings Bank an- 1972 Shreve, Lamb & Harmon Assocs. nex Church Street 57 Southern Connecticut Gas 1972 Jones, Robert W. Church Street 195 New Haven Savings Bank 1972 Pedersen, William F. & Associates Church Street 227 Southern New England Tele- 1937 Foote, R. W., and Douglas Orr phone Headquarters Church Street 234 Intra-State Developers, Inc. 1971 Bonsignore Brignati Goldstein & Mazzotta

25 Church Street 235 New Haven County Courthouse 1971 Pedersen, William F. & Assocs. Church Street South 100 Richard C. Lee High School 1964 Kevin Roche John Dinkeloo & As- sociates Church Street South 109 Church Street South housing 1969 ML/TW Charles Moore Associates College Street 60 Laboratory of Epidemiology and 1963 Johnson, Philip, with Orr, Douglas, Public Health Office of Columbus Avenue 360 Roberto Clemente School 1976 Pedersen, William F. & Associates Columbus Plaza 1 Knights of Columbus 1967 Roche, Kevin, John Dinkeloo & As- sociates Court Street 150 Federal Building 1976 Pedersen, William F. & Associates Crown Street 215 Crown Street Parking Garage 1970 Granbery/ Cash & Associates Crown Street 381 Yale Auto Service 1950 Crown Street 386 Harry Zemina Auto Service 1940 Crown Street 392 Cook’s Bazaar 20 c. Crown Street 402 Lloyd’s Garage 1960 Davenport Avenue 169 Jewish Home for the Aged 1974 Orr, deCossy, Winder & Associates Day Street 202 Antillean Manor 1971 Travers, David Dixwell Avenue 156 Shopping center 1968 Dixwell Avenue 172 Florentino Building 1967 Dixwell Avenue 197 Dixwell Community Q House 1967 Newman, Herbert S. & Cherry, Edward E. Dixwell Avenue 217 Dixwell Avenue United Church of 1968 Johansen, John M. Christ Dixwell Avenue 220 Christ Chapel New Testament 1967 Dixwell Avenue 230 Dixwell Plaza 1968 Orr, deCossy, Winder & Associates Dwight Street 65 Trade Union Plaza 1968 Christ-Janer, Victor, & Associates, Davis, Cochran & Miller Dwight Street 100 Calvary Baptist Church 1960 Dwight Street 135 Commercial building 1950 Dwight Street 245 Edward L. Stone house 1968 Moore, Charles Edgewood Avenue 99 Dwight Coop Town Houses 1968 Switzer, Gilbert Edgewood Avenue 130 Dwight, Timothy, School 1964 Noyes, Eliot, Schilling & Goldbecker Edgewood Avenue 214 Commercial building 1970 Millard, Peter Ellworth Avenue 505 Pannenborg, Frank & Peggy 1971 Pannenborg, Frank Elm Street 336 Fitzwilly’s (old fire station) 1977 Roth & Moore

26 Elm Street 344 Manuscript Society 1961 Wu, King-lui Elm Street 400 Seabury Cooperative Housing 1972 Pedersen, William F. & Associates Fowler Street 55 Ukrainian Orthodox Church 1974 Chapman, Frank, Architects George Street 300 SNET 1957 Orr, Douglas W., Office of George Street 425 Weller Funeral Home 1965 George Street 465 town houses 1973 Simeone & Wendler George Street 530 Gas station 1960 George Street 578 Waverly and George Streets 1972 Ahlstrom & Lee Housing Goffe Street 125 Dixwell Firehouse 1973 Venturi & Rauch Goffe Street 139 Florence Virtue Homes 1964 Johansen, John M. Goffe Street 185 Helene W. Grant School 1964 Johansen, John M. Greenwood Street 85 Adas B’nai Jeshurun 1957 Greenwood Street 85 Holy Trinity Church of God in 1970 Christ Hallock Avenue 103 Albie Booth Boys’ Club 1970 Davis Cochran Miller Baerman Noyes High Street 121 Cross Campus Library 1968 Barnes, Edward Larrabee 17 Health Services Center 1971 Westerman & Miller Associates Howard Avenue 525 Hill Fire Station 1979 Carlin Pozzi Millard Howard Avenue 789 Yale/New Haven Medical Center 1981 Howard Avenue 860 Medical building 1975 Wu, King-lui Howard Avenue Bay View Park field house 1970 Howe Street 19 Sherman F. Foote carriage 1971 Environmental Design Group house Howe Street 65 Commercial building 1940 Huntington Street 123 CT Agricultural Experiment Sta- 1959 Orr, Douglas W., Office of tion Laurel Road 137 Batoriewicz, Wadim 1971 Batorewicz, Valerie Liberty Street 9 Liberty Square Homes 1962 Koch, Carl, & Associates Liberty Street 81 Katherine HarveyTerrace 1961 Granbery/Cash & Associates Long Wharf Drive 600 Teletrack 1979 Newman, Herbert S., & Associates. Long Wharf Drive Long Wharf park 1976 Loomis Place 50 Foote School 1957 Perkins & Will and Granbery, E. Carleton

27 Loomis Place 55 Martin, John & Ruth 1967 Miller, Sidney T. Morris Street 116 Quonset hut Ogden Street 269 deCossy, E. William 1972 deCossy, William Orange Street 358 Charles T. McQueeney Apart- 1973 Chapman, Frank, Franklin Con- ments struction Company Orchard Street 301 Orchard Medical Bldg. 1975 Orchard Street 329 “Tax payer” 1965 Orchard Street 365 Ethan Gardens 1968 Travers, David Orchard Street 431 Townhouse Apartments 1968 Switzer, Gilbert Park Street 90 Crawford Manor 1965 Rudolph, Paul Park Street 130 Hartford National Bank 1960 Park Street 268 Saint Thomas More 1938 Orr, Douglas W., Office of Prospect Street 15 Becton Engineering and Applied 1968 Breuer, Marcel, and Associates Science Center Prospect Street 140 Donaldson Commons 1979 Newman, Herbert S., & Associates Prospect Street 219 Kline Biology Tower 1964 Johnson, Philip, Associates Prospect Street 243 Kline Chemistry Laboratory 1964 Johnson, Philip, Associates Prospect Street 370 William B. Greeley Memorial 1959 Rudolph, Paul Laboratory Prospect Street 511 Whitehall Apartments, Ivy Manor 1956 Reservoir Street 45 Lathrop, Howard 1975 Lathrop, Howard Sachem Street 60 Yale Computer Center 1961 Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Bun- shaft, Gordon Sachem Street 60 School of Organization and 1978 Barnes, Edward Larrabee Management Sachem Street 73 David Ingalls Rink 1957 Saarinen, Eero Sargent Drive 40 Gant Shirtmakers 1970 Associated Construction & Engi- neering Co. Sargent Drive 90 C. W. Blakeslee and Sons 1966 Orr, deCossy, Winder & Associates Sargent Drive 100 Sargent and Company 1963 Orr, deCossy, Winder & Associates Sargent Drive 150 Community Health Care Center 1970 Arneill, Bruce Porter, Office of Sargent Drive 222 Long Wharf Market 1965 Granbery/ Cash & Associates Sargent Drive 222 Long Wharf Theater 1965 Granbery/ Cash & Associates Sargent Drive 500 Armstrong Rubber Company 1968 Breuer, Marcel, Gatje, Robert F. Scranton Street 133 Apartments 1970 Ambrogio, Anthony, developer

28 State Street 1 Community Services Building 1965 Orr, deCossy, Winder & Associates Temple Street 21 Temple Street Parking Garage 1961 Rudolph, Paul Temple Street 323 United Church Parish House 1961 Pedersen & Tilney Temple Street 420 Helen Hadley Hall 1958 Orr, Douglas W., Office of Tower Lane 18 Tower One 1969 ML/TW Moore-Trumbull Union Avenue 1 Dept of Police Services 1973 Orr, deCossy, Winder & Associates University Place 19 Matthews, John A. & Sharon 1972 Matthews, John A. Wall Street 123 Beinecke Library 1961 Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Bun- shaft, Gordon Wall Street 123 Beinecke Library 1961 Noguchi, Isamu Whalley Avenue 95 Flagg Building 1952 Whalley Avenue 245 Community Corrections Center 1975 Antinozzi Associates Whitney Avenue 155 Security Insurance Company 1954 Orr, Douglas W., Office of Whitney Avenue 210 Kline Geology Laboratory 1963 Johnson, Philip, Associates Whitney Avenue 221 Connecticut Medical Services 1957 Orr, Douglas W., Office of Building Whitney Avenue 260 Josiah Willard Gibbs Laborato- 1955 Schweikher, Paul, Orr, Douglas, Of- ries fice of Whitney Avenue 272 Nuclear Accelerator Laborato- 1953 Orr, Douglas W., Office of ries Whitney Avenue 272 Arthur W. Wright Nuclear Struc- 1964 Orr, deCossy, Winder & Associates ture Lab Whitney Avenue 291 Medical Building 1940 Whitney Avenue 352 Whitney Avenue Fire Station 1962 Carlin, Pozzi & Millard Whitney Avenue 691 First Church of Christ Scientist 1950 Orr, Douglas W., Office of Whitney Avenue 704 First Presbyterian Church 1966 Dinkeloo, John Winchester Avenue 915 Aquinas Hall, Albertus Magnus 1965 Polak & Sullivan College York Street 100 University Towers and Madison 1960 Towers York Street 123 Crown Tower 1965 Smith, Chloethiel Woodard York Street 180 Art and Architecture Building 1961 Rudolph, Paul York Street 302 Morse and Stiles colleges 1960 Saarinen, Eero York Street (at South Memorial Unit, Yale-New Haven 1951 Orr, Douglas W., Office of Street) Hospital

29 IX. Mapping

Sites inventoried in the survey can be found on a Google map located at http://tinyurl.com/NewHavenMod2011

30