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JSM A monthly eScience eMagazine Connecting Innovative Ideas About us

eScience is an open initiative monthly eMagazine published by JSciMed Central. eScience magazine regularly updates its readers about the current trends in Science & Technology, changes in Science Policies & Regulations, and the astonishing Discoveries & Inventions brought to us by the scientists, medical doctors, engineers, regulators, governments and general public across the globe. eScience serves as a source of current information, which is updated on regular monthly intervals to bring the chosen best and interesting lavors of ever changing science and technology to the society. We are a successful host leading up with international standards covering variety of ields like Science, Medicine, Engineering, Environment, etc. With the generous support of JSciMed Central, we bring you the scientiically validated up-to-date information as an initiative to encourage knowledge sharing, collaboration and promotion of interdisciplinary science.

Table of Contents  Article of the Month  Case of the Month  Face to Face  Fellow Corner  Know a Scientist  Interactive Science Article of the Month Annals of Orthopedics and Rheumatology Dental Pulp Cells Enhance Bone Healing in a Rat Osteotomy Model

Efthymia Kitraki1*, Stefanos Zakkas2#, Eugenia Synolaki1#, Evangelia Diamanti1, Dina G. Tiniakos3, Antonios Stamatakis4, Chrysanthi Matsioula1, Fotini Stylianopoulou4 and Theodoros Papapolychroniou2 1Laboratory of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece 2Department of Orthopaedics, NIMTS Hospital, Greece 3Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece 4Laboratory of Biology-Biochemistry, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece #Contributed equally

administered locally at the fracture site. Healing was evaluated Abstract radiologically from the 2nd to 8th week and histologically at the 8th week post surgery. Advanced and more effi cient bone healing was Contemporary therapeutic approaches to treat unsuccessful observed in the cell-treated group compared to the control. This was union of long bone fractures include bone marrow stem cell-based deduced by the increased callus homogeneity and its earlier size enhancement of the healing process. This study examined whether dental pulp cells, known to contain stem cells of mesenchymal decline as well as by the higher percentage of lamellar newly formed origin, could improve curing in a tibia fracture model. Osteotomies bone and the lower incidence of non-bridging and fi brous tissue were performed in two groups of adult male rats and stabilized with detected in the experimental group. These fi ndings confer indications intramedullary nailing. Dental pulp cells, harvested from human that dental pulp cells, sharing mesenchymal stem cell properties, impacted third molars, were cultured and characterized using provide a healing advantage in tibia fractures and encourage further mesenchymal stem cell markers. Pulp cells or the vehicle were research towards their potential use in bone repair.

Representative radiographs during tibia healing of a control (upper panel) and a cell-treated (lower panel) rat immediately after surgery and at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks post operation. For scale reference, the intramedullar nail is 1mm in diameter. Data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. * Statistically signifi cant differences between the groups at the 6th and 8th week.

Download PDF View Full Text Case of the Month International Journal of Clinical Anesthesiology Brugada Syndrome: A Review of Peri-operative Management for the Anesthesiologist

Daniela Smith* and Douglas G. Martz Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

Abstract Brugada syndrome (BS) is a rare cardiac channelopathy that was fi rst described in 1992. It accounts for four percent of all sudden deaths and up to twenty percent of sudden deaths in patients without structural cardiac defects. Since known and unknown BS patients can present for surgery at any time, it is important for the anesthesiologist to be familiar with this syndrome and how to safely manage these patients peri-operatively. A case study is described in which a 53 year old woman with BS required emergent embolization of her left facial artery and bilateral internal maxillary arteries due to severe epistaxis on two consecutive days. The etiology, mechanism and proper peri- operative management of BS are then reviewed, and a summary of appropriate medications is provided.

ECG patterns seen in Brugada syndrome.

Download PDF View Full Text Face to Face

Yaşar Demirel Associate Professor Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Nebraska Lincoln, USA

Q. When did you start your career as a (scientist/researcher)? Ans: In 1982. Q. What is the research topic you are working on now? Ans: Coupled transport and rate processes in various space scales in chemical and biological systems; sustainability in process design and simulation. Q. Was this your original career interest? Why or why not? Ans: This was my original career interest Q. How do you feel about the current public understanding of (his subject)? Ans: I think the public understanding is evolving in the right direction Q. What novelties are there in your research area? Ans: It helps describing and formulating some natural phenomena, which are nonequilibrium and consist of mainly coupled processes. Q. What has been the most exciting development in your research area during the course of your career? Ans: Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics formulations of complex coupled chemical and biological systems as well as the sustainability metrics Q. What is your greatest career accomplishment? Ans: Beside the journal publications I have the books: Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics: Transport and Rate Processes in Physical, Chemical and Biological Systems, 3rd ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2014. Energy: Production, Conversion, Storage, Conservation, and Coupling, Springer, London, 2012. Q. What do you enjoy most about being a scientist? Ans: Challenge and preparation it takes to solve new engineering problems. Q. What or who inspired you in your scientifi c career? Ans: The need to understand the nature, which consist of are open nonequilibrium systems and create design and simulate sustainable processes. Q. With regard to DISCIPLINE GENERALLY not just your fi eld, how has research process changed since you entered? What do you see as the future way in which research will be conducted? Ans: Now both the experimental and computational research have more sophisticated equipment and tools available, and need interdisciplinary collaborations. Q. What advice would you give a young scientist or youngsters who are willing to work in your fi eld? Ans: Watch the competition and collaboration needed in your fi eld of research. Fellow Corner

Edyta Agnieszka Bańcyr PhD Student Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Immunology Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Poland

My Journey with Biotechnology

I fi nished two levels of Biotechnolgy in Poland. I received a BSc and Engineer title in Biotechnology in 2012, fi eld: Food Biotechnology. Topic of my fi nal research project “Enzymatic degradation of vegetable biomass as source of sugars to bioethanol production”. Next, in 2013 I received MSc title. My Master research project was doing in Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science and Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Wroclaw. The topic of my fi nal research project was “The infl uence of oral administration of ATRA on a proteome of CD4+ lymphocytes isolated from peripheral lymphoid organs in mice, by two dimmensional electrophoresis”. In 2013 I fi nished criminology courses in Wrolcaw University in Department of Law. Now, I am a PhD student in Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine. I am checking correlations between expression of IL-6 and IL-6 receptors from different parts of brain and estimation of fi bronectin in amniotic fl uids in still born cattles.

My research interests: proteomics, immunology, genetic engineering, molecular biology, forensic science, criminology

Laboratory experience: working with laboratory animals, DNA and RNA isolation, RT-PCR, PCR, Real-time PCR, electrophoresis, 2D electrophoresis, fl ow cytometry, Cell breakage, ELISA, immunoassays, spectroscopy, enzyme assays, protein purifi cation, FACS analysis. Know a Scientist Nelson Mandela-Journey towards Peace

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Born: July 18, 1918 at Mthatha, in South Africa Noble Prize for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa

The Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela born on 18 July 1918 in Umtata (now Mthatha), Transkei, South Africa to a Thembu royal family. He had thirteen siblings by a similar father, and two mothers. His parents were Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa and Nosekeni Nonqaphi Fanny. He was the primary member of his family to go to a school. He was expelled from Fort Hare University in 1941, for the reason that he led a group of scholars on political strike. When he was expelled, Nelson found employment as a night watchman. In 1944, Mandela helped begin the African National Congress Youth association. He was shortly high- ranked leader of the cluster. He needed to free African nation exclusive of violence, however government ongoing killing and twinge protesters. He then started Umkhonto we Sizwe with Walter Sisulu and others within the African National Congress that he loved, such as Mahatma Gandhi. Internationally, Mandela was the Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement commencing 1998 to 1999. In 1994 on April 27, he was made the fi rst President of South Africa electoral during a absolutely de- lineated democratic election. Mandela was conjointly the fi rst black President of his country. He was a South African politician and activist. His inauguration was in Pretoria (capital of South Africa) on 10 May 1994. Many folks around the world saw his inauguration on television. As South Africa’s primary black President, Mandela became head of the Government of National Unity which was beneath controlled by the African National Congress. His government centered on throwing out the gift of social policy by end- ing racism, poverty, inequality, and to state racial understanding in African nation. Imprisonment On 5 August 1962, police captured Mandela all along Cecil Williams close to Howick. an outsized range of teams are suspect of getting tipped off the police concerning Mandela’s whereabouts as well as Mandela’s host in urban center GR Naidoo, white members of the South African Communist Party, and also the CIA, however Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela thought of none of those connections to be cred- ible and instead attribute his arrest to his own carelessness in concealing his movements. Captive in Johannesburg’s Marshall sq. jail, he was charged with inciting workers’ strikes and departure the country while not permission. Representing himself with Slovo as legal adviser, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela and his co-accused were transferred from capital of South Africa to the jail on Robben Island, remaining there for ensuing eighteen (1964–1982) years. In Apr 1982 (1982–1988) Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was transferred to Pollsmoor jail in Tokai, Cape Town together with senior ANC leader’s music director Sisulu, Apostle Mlangeni, Ahmed Kathrada and Raymond Mhlaba. In Gregorian calendar month 1988 (1988-1990) Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was rapt to Victor Verster jail close to Paarl. In 1989, the new president believed that social policy was unsustainable and categorically frees all ANC prisoners except Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, before cathartic Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela categorically and legalizing all rest prohibited political parties on a pair of Feb 1990. Noble Prize In 1993, Mandela won the Nobel Peace Prize with F. W. de Klerk “for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa.” In 1993 he owned the noble prize on behalf of his leadership used for his anti-apartheid activism. After receiving the prize Mandela said: “We stand here today as nothing more than a representative of the millions of our people who dared to rise up against a social operation whose very essence is war, violence, racism, oppression, repression and the impoverishment of an entire people.” Awards (or) Honor Mandela conventional more than 250 honors, together with the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize, the US Presidential Medal of Freedom, and the Soviet Order of Lenin. He is frequently referred to by his Xhosa clan name, Madiba, or as Tata (“Father”). In 1990, Mandela received the Bharat Ratna Award in India. In 1992 received Pakistan’s Nishan-e-Pakistan. In 2007, Mandela was honored with a statue in Westminster Abbey, London, England. In 2009, the United Nations made 18 July Mandela Day. In 2012, the Praia International Airport in Cape Verde was renamed as the Nelson Mandela Interna- tional Airport. In 2013, a statue of Mandela was unveiled in the South African embassy outside of Washington, D.C. Personal life Mandela has been wedded three times and has six children. He had seventeen grand children, and an increasing numeral of great-grandchildren. Mandela was married to Evelyn Ntoko Mase (1944–1957) in October 1944. They have two children. Mandela continued married to Evelyn until they divorced in 1957. Evelyn died in 2004. He was married to Winnie Madikizela (1957–1996) in 1958. They have two daughters. The couple fi led for taking apart in 1992. They had broken up in 1996. Mandela remarried on his 80th birthday in 1998 to Graça Machel (1998–present). She was the widow of Samora Machel. Retirement from Public Life In June 2004, Mandela publicized that he was introverted from community life. Mandela said “Don’t call me, I will call you.” He even though was ongoing to assemble with close friends and relations, the Nelson Mandela establishment denied provocations for him to appear at public events and most confer- ence requests. Hospitalized On 27 March 2013, Mandela was hospitalized in Pretoria commencing a lung disease. It was re- ported on 28 March that he was reacting well to healing. Mandela was again hospitalized on 7 June from another lung illness, On 23 June; his situation was announced to be dangerous. On 26 June, it was publicized that Mandela was put on life-support. On 4 July, Mandela’s family makes known that Mandela was under life-support and he was in an everlasting relentless vegetative state. The subsequently day, the South African government left without the fact that Mandela was in a vegetative state. Mandela was emancipated from the hospital on 1 September 2013. Death of Nelson Mandela Mandela died on 5 December 2013 at his residence at Houghton Estate, Johannesburg from compli- cation of a lung disease, aged 95. He was encircled by his family when he died. His death was declared by President Jacob Zuma. On 6 December 2013, Zuma declared a national mourning for ten days. An occasion for an offi cial memorial service was control at the FNB arena in Johannesburg on Tuesday 10 December 2013. He declared Sunday 8 December 2013 a national day of prayer: “We decision upon all our citizens to gather in halls, churches, mosques, temples, synagogues and in their homes to pray and hold prayer services and meditation refl ective on the lifetime of Madiba and his contribution to our country and also the world.” Did you know?

Lightning strikes Earth about 8 millions times a day.

Whether you walk or run, you burn about 100 calories per mile or 60 calories per kilometer.

Dolphins sleep with one eye open.

Humans are born with 300 bones but since many fuse together, adults have only 206 bones.

The brain is only about 2% of a person’s body mass but requires about 20% of its oxygen and calories. News Highlights

Does Pizza fi ght Norovirus? Researchers found that a chemical in oregano called carvacrol causes norovirus to break down in mice. This was reported by a study published in the Journal of Applied Microbiology. Carvacrol, is the chemical that gives oregano its unique fl avor, cause the layer of proteins surrounding the Norovirus to break down.

Prehistoric Rural Town discovered in Israel Outskirts of Jerusalem, archaeologists have uncovered the remains of a 2,300-year- old rural village that dates back to the Second Temple period. The village was covering 8000 square meters, with a few single stoned houses and dozens of coins, cooking pots, milling tools and jars for storing oil and wine were traced by the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA).

Can Organic Farms Pollute? Unrefi ned cultivation can contaminate groundwater more than conservative artifi cial chemical fertilization systems, researchers have originated. Israeli scientists calculated the quantity of nitrate, a form of nitrogen that plants devour, in the cavernous soil underneath crops grown using composted dung mixed into the soil.

Is Stethoscope is More Unhygienic or Doctor Hands? Stethoscopes have a tendency to be more unhygienic than the palms of doctor’s hands, new research shows as it revealed that extra micro organisms wrap a stethoscope’s diaphragm than all provinces of a physician’s hands, apart from the fi ngertips. There are no authorized strategies that to tell physicians, how frequently they supposed to clean their stethoscopes.

Hunting Alien Life by 2040 By 2040 or so, astronomers will have scrutinized enough star systems to give themselves a great attempt of discovering alien-produced electromagnetic signals. The bottom line put up was at least one in fi ve stars or one in fi ve planets life might spring up. However, getting enough funding to keep scanning the skies is the major problem. Gadgets Corner

Space scrap will be cleaned by Janitor Satellite

Space debris has been a developing an issue for a long time as every space mission leaves in any event a couple of bits of junk behind. As a consequence of this garbage being left in circle, there is currently an inexorably disturbing measure of conceivably perilous stuff in the Earth’s orbit. When it gets a lock on a bit of space debris, it need to match its circle to that of the garbage. Of course, this isn’t super-simple to do. The “janitor” satellite then needs to snatch and lock onto the garbage and drag it down into the Earth’s climate, where both the garbage and the satellite will consume upon re-section.

Zeoform is a best alternative for Plastic

The point when plastic was created, it was considered an inexplicable occurrence material and makers beginning utilizing it as a shoddy elective to wood, metal and glass. Yet in the long run the world understood that this dangerous, non-renewable, non-biodegradable material wasn’t as wonderful as we had once thought. A material called Zeoform could be that elective. Zeoform is made of regular, biodegradable materials: cellulose and water. It’s turned out as pellets or sheets, which can then be framed into any conceivable shape.

Source: http://gajitz.com/new-bio-plastic-is-good-for-the-environment-employment/

MEDIC Keeps Track of Medicine Levels in Patients’ Blood

With any long term medicine, it’s extremely critical to verify that the pill administers a relentless level in the patient’s circulatory system. That is challenging to manage without week by week or even day by day excursions to a specialist’s offi ce. A gadget called MEDIC (Microfl uidic Electrochemical Detector for in vivo Concentrations) created at UC Santa Barbara could stay informed regarding pharmaceutical focus continuously.

Source: http://gajitz.com/implant-keeps-track-of-medicine-levels-in-patients-blood/

Sparkling Plants are a Step toward Electricity-Free Lighting

Bioluminescence happens in creepy crawlies, creatures, plants, and microbes equitably habitually, yet so far we haven’t bridled it for our individual utilization. An organization called Bioglow is changing all that by making the fi rst auto luminescent plant: a shining plant that doesn’t require chemicals, unique lights, or power to shine. They call their fi rst model Starlight Avatar. The plant life cycle is just 2-3 months – with the brightest sparkle hailing from the more youthful development – so don’t anticipate that the light show will proceed for quite some time to come.

Eco-Friendly Sugar Powered Batteries

Batteries aren’t simply an agony to supplant and discard; they’re certifi able lethal waste. An examination group at Virginia Tech is creating a battery controlled by sugar that may keep a huge number of huge amounts of accepted batteries out of landfi lls. Sugar is a common wellspring of vitality, so it bodes well that we tackle that vitality to make earth cordial batteries. Y.H. Percival Zhang, the lead scientist on the task, says in an article distributed in Nature Communications that we could see these sweet new batteries in devices when 2017. Sugar batteries could be energized basically by fi lling them with additional sugar, which sounds a great deal like a long distance science fi ction.

Source: http://gajitz.com/sweet-not-so-simple-eco-friendly-sugar-powered-batteries/ Opportunities

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Junior Professorship for Neurophysiology Scientist - Antibody Generation Job Employer: University of Ulm Employer: Merck (US) Posted: Tuesday, 25 February 2014 Posted: Monday, 3 March 2014 Closes: Thursday, 17 April 2014 Closes: Monday, 31 March 2014 Location: Ulm, Germany Location: Palo Alto, CA, US Job Role: Chemistry, Life Sciences, Job Role: Life Sciences, Cell Biology Neuroscience Senior Scientist – In Vivo Neuroscience Associate Manager, Drug Safety and Job Public Health - Cambridge Employer: Merck (US) Employer: Gilead Sciences Posted: Monday, 3 March 2014 Posted: Thursday, 13 February 2014 Closes: Monday, 31 March 2014 Closes: Thursday, 13 March 2014 Location: Boston, MA, US Location: Cambridge Job Role: Life Sciences, Neuroscience Job Role: Chemistry, Pharmacovigilance, Regulatory Affairs, Clinical, Clinical Scientist – In Vitro Neuroscience Job Research, Life Sciences, Medicine, Employer: Merck (US) Operations, Medical Writing Posted: Monday, 3 March 2014 Closes: Monday, 31 March 2014 Sr. Coordinator, Hematology and Location: Boston, MA, US Oncology Franchises Job Job Role: Life Sciences, Neuroscience Employer: Celgene Posted: Tuesday, 4 March 2014 Closes: Tuesday, 1 April 2014 Location: Summit, New Jersey, United States Job Role: Life Sciences Find the Hidden Words

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1. An area of water bordered by land on three sides A. A large and often only slightly receding bay 2. A part of a lake or ocean that extends so that it is B. Used in areas of Dutch inluence in New York, New Jersey and other areas of the former surrounded by land on three sides New Netherland colony of Dutch America to 3. A man-made or naturally occurring body of describe a strait, river, or arm of the sea water where ships are stored C. A body of water such as a lake, sea inlet, irth, 4. A deep, broad trench, illed with water, jord, estuary or bay surrounding a structure, installation, or town D. Various small bodies of water such as a swimming pool, relecting pool, pond, or 5. A body of comparatively shallow salt or brackish puddle water separated from the deeper sea E. A body of water, usually seawater, which has characteristics of one or more of the following: bay, cove, estuary, irth, jord, geo, sea loch, or sound