Passeurs Entre L'inde Et La Suisse Romande : Étude Des Parcours De Lizelle Reymond (1899-1994) Et Du Père Jean-Bernard Simon-Vermot (1923-2016)

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Passeurs Entre L'inde Et La Suisse Romande : Étude Des Parcours De Lizelle Reymond (1899-1994) Et Du Père Jean-Bernard Simon-Vermot (1923-2016) Unicentre CH-1015 Lausanne http://serval.unil.ch Year : 2018 Passeurs entre l'Inde et la Suisse romande : étude des parcours de Lizelle Reymond (1899-1994) et du Père Jean-Bernard Simon-Vermot (1923-2016) Guex Fanny Guex Fanny, 2018, Passeurs entre l'Inde et la Suisse romande : étude des parcours de Lizelle Reymond (1899-1994) et du Père Jean-Bernard Simon-Vermot (1923-2016) Originally published at : Thesis, University of Lausanne Posted at the University of Lausanne Open Archive http://serval.unil.ch Document URN : urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_6D8A09C1FDA27 Droits d’auteur L'Université de Lausanne attire expressément l'attention des utilisateurs sur le fait que tous les documents publiés dans l'Archive SERVAL sont protégés par le droit d'auteur, conformément à la loi fédérale sur le droit d'auteur et les droits voisins (LDA). A ce titre, il est indispensable d'obtenir le consentement préalable de l'auteur et/ou de l’éditeur avant toute utilisation d'une oeuvre ou d'une partie d'une oeuvre ne relevant pas d'une utilisation à des fins personnelles au sens de la LDA (art. 19, al. 1 lettre a). A défaut, tout contrevenant s'expose aux sanctions prévues par cette loi. Nous déclinons toute responsabilité en la matière. Copyright The University of Lausanne expressly draws the attention of users to the fact that all documents published in the SERVAL Archive are protected by copyright in accordance with federal law on copyright and similar rights (LDA). Accordingly it is indispensable to obtain prior consent from the author and/or publisher before any use of a work or part of a work for purposes other than personal use within the meaning of LDA (art. 19, para. 1 letter a). Failure to do so will expose offenders to the sanctions laid down by this law. We accept no liability in this respect. ! FACULTÉ DES LETTRES SECTION DE LANGUES ET CIVILISATIONS SLAVES ET DE L’ASIE DU SUD Passeurs entre l’Inde et la Suisse romande : étude des parcours de Lizelle Reymond (1899-1994) et du Père Jean-Bernard Simon-Vermot (1923-2016) THÈSE DE DOCTORAT présentée à la Faculté des lettres de l’Université de Lausanne pour l’obtention du grade de Docteur ès lettres par Fanny Guex Directrice de thèse Maya Burger LAUSANNE 2018 !2 A la mémoire du Père Jean-Bernard Simon-Vermot !3 Tables des matières Tables des matières 4 Remerciements 8 Translittération et usage des termes indiens 10 Chapitre 1. Introduction 11 1.1. Problématique 11 1.1.1. Etat de la recherche : l’Inde et l’Europe connectées 13 1.1.1.1. Rencontre des religions 19 1.1.2. Apport de deux passeurs suisses romands 23 1.1.2.1. Lizelle Reymond (1899-1994) 26 1.1.2.2. Jean-Bernard Simon-Vermot (1923-2016) 27 1.1.3. Hypothèses et questions de recherche 28 1.2. Eléments de contexte historique 29 1.2.1. L’appel de l’Inde 30 1.2.2. La renaissance au Bengale 35 1.2.3. Vivekananda, la Ramakrishna Mission et la circulation du néo-ved"nta 37 1.2.4. Une période charnière : 1940-1960 40 Chapitre 2. Cadre conceptuel et notions clés 43 2.1. Biographie : une « microhistoire de vies connectées » 43 2.1.1. Intérêts et limites de la loupe biographique 44 2.1.2. Posture 48 2.2. Parcours : cartographie d’une transformation spirituelle 49 2.3. Traduction culturelle 53 2.4. Passeur : transformation et transmission 57 2.5. Mission : un espace de rencontre 59 2.5.1. Contre-mission et « entrepreneurs » 61 Chapitre 3. Méthodologie 64 3.1. Démarche générale 64 3.2. A la rencontre des archives : collecte, analyse et restitution du matériel 66 3.2.1. Sources textuelles : des genres pluriels 70 3.2.1.1. Littérature de voyage 70 3.2.2. Oral history 72 3.3. Présentation du matériel 75 3.3.1. Corpus Lizelle Reymond 75 3.3.1.1. Publications 75 3.3.1.2. Les archives et la correspondance 76 3.3.1.3. Les témoignages extérieurs 78 3.3.2. Corpus Jean-Bernard Simon-Vermot 79 3.3.2.1. Publications et archives 79 3.3.2.2. Observation à l’abbaye de Saint-Maurice et témoignages extérieurs 80 3.3.2.3. Les entretiens avec le Père Simon-Vermot 81 Chapitre 4. Lizelle Reymond (1899-1994) : remonter jusqu’à la source 83 4.1. Introduction 83 4.1.1. Notice biographique 86 4.2. 1936-1946 : traduire l’Inde vivante et suivre les pas de Nivedita 87 4.2.1. Pionnière des traductions sur l’Inde vivante 87 4.2.1.1. Spiritualités vivantes 91 4.2.1.2. Une femme oubliée de l’historiographie 95 4.2.2. Rapport à la nature et au divin 97 4.2.2.1. Esotérisme : une quête spirituelle orientée vers l’Inde 98 4.2.3. Posture de biographe : sur les pas de Sœur Nivedita 103 4.2.3.1. Discours sur les femmes 107 4.2.3.2. Discours des femmes ? 113 4.2.4. Conclusion sur la période 1936-1946 116 4.3. 1947-1953 : séjour initiatique en Inde 118 4.3.1. Présentation de Ma vie chez les Brahmanes (1957) 119 4.3.2. Mise en scène d’une expérience impossible 124 4.3.3. « Le yoga familial » : un programme spirituel 128 4.3.4. Récit d’une initiation : étapes d’une transformation 133 4.3.4.1. Métaphore spatiale 134 4.3.4.2. Période d’apprentissage : métaphores du pèlerinage et du miroir 136 4.3.4.3. Initiation et métaphore corporelle 140 4.3.4.4. Traduction linguistique et culturelle 145 4.3.5. Le « champ en friche » de prak#ti 147 4.3.5.1. Correspondance avec Anirvan 149 4.3.5.2. « Shakti-link » : des femmes passeuses 152 4.3.6. Rencontre avec Sri Anirvan (1896-1978) 153 4.3.6.1. L’image d’Anirvan 157 4.3.6.2. La vie d’ermitage 163 4.3.7. Conclusion sur Ma vie chez les Brahmanes 166 4.4. 1954-1994 : transmettre telle une mère 168 4.4.1. Mission / transmission 169 4.4.2. Passer par Gurdjieff et Ouspensky 174 4.4.2.1. Fondation de l’Institut G. I. Gurdjieff de Genève 177 !5 4.4.3. Le tai-chi-chuan 181 4.5. Conclusion : parcours d’une femme de l’entre-deux 184 Chapitre 5. Jean-Bernard Simon-Vermot (1923-2016) : le dialogue intérieur 190 5.1. Introduction 190 5.1.1. Notice biographique 193 5.2. 1923-1946 : entre la Mission du Sikkim et Saint-Maurice 194 5.2.1. Histoire de la mission de l’abbaye de Saint-Maurice au Sikkim 194 5.2.1.1. Partir de leurs perspectives : L’Echo du Sikkim 199 5.2.1.2. Développement de la Mission du Sikkim : 1934-1947 204 5.2.1.3. Indépendance de l’Inde : 1947-1962 206 5.2.1.4. Travailler dans l’Eglise indienne : 1962-1996 209 5.2.2. Vocation religieuse de Jean-Bernard Simon-Vermot 211 5.2.2.1. Chanoine à Saint-Maurice 213 5.2.3. Représentations de l’Inde dans L’Echo du Sikkim avant 1947 215 5.2.3.1. Le pays des païens et du diable 216 5.2.3.2. Le paradis terrestre et la comparaison à la Suisse 218 5.2.3.3. Regards tournés vers le Tibet 221 5.2.3.4. Hindouisme et système des castes 222 5.2.4. Conclusion sur la période 1923-1946 225 5.3. 1947-1963 : Missionnaire à la rencontre de l’Inde 226 5.3.1. Le voyage vers la mission 227 5.3.2. Apprentissage des langues : traduction linguistique et culturelle 230 5.3.3. Activités 232 5.3.4. Stratégies de conversion : des écoles, des médicaments, du fromage et des banques 234 5.3.5. Perception des missionnaires par les populations locales 239 5.3.6. Changement de paradigme missionnaire 244 5.3.6.1. Inculturation : traduction du christianisme 245 5.3.6.2. Contexte du Concile Vatican II 250 5.3.7. Le parcours atypique du Père Simon-Vermot 251 5.3.7.1. Rapport à la mission et à la conversion 252 5.3.7.2. Représentations d’une terre indienne spirituelle 255 5.3.7.3. Influence des lectures 259 5.3.7.4. Expulsion et voyage dans le Deccan 261 5.3.7.5. Emergence d’un réseau autour de la notion de dialogue interreligieux 264 5.3.8. Conclusion sur la rencontre de Simon-Vermot avec l’Inde 266 5.4. 1964-2016 : Passeur de spiritualité indienne à l’abbaye de Saint-Maurice 269 5.4.1. Missionnaire en Suisse : transmettre un message d’ouverture 270 5.4.2. Création du Dialogue interreligieux monastique (DIM) en Suisse romande 272 !6 5.4.3. Echos infinis du silence (2006) : traduction de sa pensée 276 5.4.3.1. Corps et nature 276 5.4.3.2. Dialogue entre mystique chrétienne et ved"nta 277 5.4.4. Réception dans sa communauté 281 5.5. Conclusion : une traduction institutionnelle 286 Chapitre 6. Conclusion 289 6.1. Représentations communes construites en amont 290 6.2. Processus de transformation individuelle 292 6.3. Accepter de se mettre à l’école de l’autre 295 6.4. Mobilité intellectuelle 296 6.5. Création d’une zone de traduction et construction du savoir 297 6.6. Mise en circulation 300 6.6.1. Publications, traductions et canaux de diffusion 300 6.6.2. Création de groupes et d’espace de partage 301 6.7.
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