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Découverte De Myrmica Vandeli (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) Dans Le Massif Du Morvan (Bourgogne) : Une Fourmi-Hôte De Maculinea Alcon Alcon (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) ?

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Découverte De Myrmica Vandeli (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) Dans Le Massif Du Morvan (Bourgogne) : Une Fourmi-Hôte De Maculinea Alcon Alcon (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) ? article Découverte de Myrmica vandeli (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) dans le massif du Morvan (Bourgogne) : une fourmi-hôte de Maculinea alcon alcon (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) ? Quentin BARBOTTE 1 Résumé Les circonstances de la découverte de Myrmica vandeli (Bondroit, 1920) dans le Morvan central (Bourgogne, département de la Nièvre) sont relatées, ainsi que son lien avec Maculinea alcon alcon (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775). Mots-clés : France, Nièvre, Myrmicinae, Azuré de la Pulmonaire, espèce rare. Discovery of Myrmica vandeli (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the Morvan Massif (Burgundy): an ant-host of Maculinea alcon alcon (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae)? Abstract The author states the discovery circumstances of Myrmica vandeli (Bondroit, 1920) in the central Morvan (Burgundy, Nièvre department), and its relation with Maculinea alcon alcon (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775). Key words : France, Nièvre, Myrmicinae, Alcon Blue, rare species. 1 Société d’histoire naturelle d’Autun - Maison du Parc - 58230 Saint-Brisson - [email protected] Un site abritant l’Azuré de la Pulmonaire (Maculinea Yonne alcon alcon [Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775]) est connu dans le massif du Morvan sur la commune de Dun-les-Places (dépar- tement de la Nièvre) depuis 1996. Celui-ci se décompose Serein Yonne Seine en plusieurs stations d’assez petite taille, suivies de manière Loing régulière ; les plantes hôtes sont localisées sur les parcelles Armançon et les pontes sont dénombrées. En 2016 la décision a été Yonne Côte-d’Or prise d’effectuer des prélèvements de fourmis sur certaines Cure Loire Dun-les-Places de ces parcelles pour avoir une meilleure idée de l’état de * Saône Morvan conservation des stations pour Maculinea alcon alcon ; la Nièvre présence de fourmis du genre Myrmica, notamment de Arroux Doubs Myrmica scabrinodis (Nylander, 1846) est indispensable Allier au développement de l’Azuré (DUPONT, 2010). C’est dans Loire Saône-et-Loire ce cadre que des individus de Myrmica vandeli Bondroit, 1920 ont été récoltés. Saône La station est une prairie humide pâturée présentant des faciès plus ou moins humides avec des secteurs à joncs et à molinie, située à 550 mètres d’altitude (photographie 1). La Figure 1. Localisation du lieu de découverte gentiane pneumonanthe y est présente de manière dispersée, en Bourgogne. tout comme les pontes de Maculinea alcon, les tiges étant souvent peu accessibles car piétinées. Plusieurs transects ont été réalisés pour couvrir le plus de surface concernée par les gentianes, avec un appât disposé tous les 4 mètres environ ; chaque appât consiste en une croquette et du sucre en morceaux disposés dans un tube couché et légèrement Revue scientifi que Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Nature - 27-2018, 135-137 135 UFFONI Alexandre R Photographie 1. Prairie paratourbeuse à Gentiana pneumonanthe, à Dun-les-Places (58). enfoncé dans le sol (KAUFMANN et al., 2014). Les prélèvements ont été réalisés le 9 mai 2016 vers 10 h du matin ; le temps était couvert mais sans pluie avec une température de 15 °C environ (dans l’air). L’humidité au sol était très importante car il avait bien plu la veille. La moitié des appâts était occupée par des Myrmica, seul genre présent sur l’ensemble des appâts. Les échantillons, une fois stockés en alcool à 70° non modifi é, ont été déterminés sous loupe binoculaire ; sur le terrain les ouvrières de Myrmica ne sont pas identifi ables à l’espèce. Myrmica vandeli ressemble grandement à Myrmica scabrinodis. Les ouvrières de ces deux espèces ont la base du scape anguleuse avec une carène longitudinale, qui les différencie des autres espèces du genre. Myrmica vandeli se reconnaît entre autres aux stries longitudinales de son thorax et à sa pilosité dense notamment sur le pétiole (BLATRIX et al., 2013) (photographies 2 à 5). Des mesures morphométriques de différents éléments de la tête permettent de confi rmer l’identifi cation. Myrmica vandeli est une espèce considérée comme rare en France, notée et décrite pour la première fois dans le Jura (département du Doubs) par Albert VANDEL (collecteur) et Jean BONDROIT (déterminateur) en 1918. Plus récemment l’espèce a été notée en Savoie et dans les Pyrénées orientales (GALKOWSKI, 2010) ainsi que dans le Massif central (Cantal et Puy-de-Dôme) (données Antarea, 2016). Myrmica vandeli est une espèce rare en Europe, présente notamment en Allemagne, Suisse, Pologne, République Tchèque, Autriche et Roumanie (GALKOWSKI, 2010, SZASZ-LEN et al., 2011) ; sa répartition laisse supposer que l’espèce est d’affi nité continentale à montagnarde. Au fi nal, trois espèces ont été identifi ées sur la station échantillonnée : Myrmica scabrinodis, Myrmica ruginodis et Myrmica vandeli. Cette dernière a été retrouvée sur deux appâts distants de 8 mètres environ ce qui correspondrait à la présence d’un seul nid sur la zone inventoriée. Les échantillons de l’espèce ont été envoyés pour validation à Christophe GALKOWSKI de l’association Antarea, référent national sur l’identifi cation des fourmis, notamment du genre Myrmica, pour le Plan national d’actions en faveur des Maculinea. L’implication de Myrmica vandeli dans le cycle biologique de Maculinea alcon alcon n’est pas prouvée en France mais n’est pas à exclure car elle a été démontrée en Pologne et son profi l chimique est similaire à Myrmica scabrinodis (SIELEZNIEW & STANKIEWICZ, 2004) ; ces deux espèces peuvent se retrouver dans un même nid ce qui suggère que Myrmica vandeli peut parasiter temporairement Myrmica scabrinodis. Des nids ont été recherchés sur la parcelle à proximité des appâts de Myrmica van- deli en septembre 2016. Trois nids ont pu être trouvés, un vide, un abritant Myrmica 136 Quentin BARBOTTE Revue scientifi que Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Nature - 27-2018, 135-137 UFFONI scabrinodis et un autre abritant Myrmica vandeli ; aucun de ces nids n’était mixte ce qui suggère que Myrmica vandeli ne parasite pas, ou plus, Myrmica sca- Photographies d’Alexandre R brinodis sur ce site. Des recherches complémentaires partielles en juin 2017 n’ont pas permis de trouver de chenilles dans les solariums des nids de Myrmica. Ces observations ne permettent pas de trancher sur le statut d’hôte Photographie 2. Vue dorsale de Myrmica vandeli. de Myrmica vandeli pour l’Azuré de la Pulmonaire. Un questionnement a également émergé quant à son para- sitisme de Myrmica scabrinodis sur la station, qui pourrait fragiliser davantage la population de Maculinea alcon alcon. Remerciements Je remercie vivement Christophe GALKOWSKI pour la validation de l’identifi - cation ainsi que mon collègue Alexandre RUFFONI pour la réalisation des clichés illustrant cet article. Photographie 3. Vue dorsale de Myrmica scabrinodis. Bibliographie Association Antarea, http://antarea.fr/fourmi/ consulté le 01.06.2016. BLATRIX R., GALKOWSKI C., LEBAS C. & WEGNEZ P. 2013. Four- mis de France. Ed. Delachaux et Niestlé, Paris, 287 p. DUPONT P. 2010. Plan National d’actions en faveur des Maculi- nea. Ed. Offi ce pour les insectes et leur environnement- Ministère de l’Écologie, du Développement durable, des Transports et du Logement, 138 p. GALKOWSKI C. 2011. Découverte de Myrmica vandeli Bon- droit, 1920 dans les Pyrénées-Orientales (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). R.A.R.E. T. XIX(1): 11-12. KAUFMANN B., MERCIER J.-L., ITRAC-BRUNEAU R. & CHMARGOU- NOF G. 2014. Protocole d’échantillonnage simple per- mettant d’évaluer la présence et l’importance des Myr- mica au sein des communautés de fourmis. Université Lyon 1- LEHNA, Université François Rabelais de Tours- IRBI et Offi ce pour les insectes et leur environnement. Plan national d’actions en faveur des Maculinea. SIELEZNIEW M. & STANKIEWICZ A.M. 2004. Simultaneous Photographie 4. Vue latérale de Myrmica vandeli. exploitation of Myrmica vandeli and Myrmica scabrino- dis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) colonies by the endan- gered myrmecophilous butterfl y Maculinea alcon (Lepi- doptera: Lycaenidae). European Journal of Entomology 101(4): 693-696. SZASZ-LEN A.-M., EROS K., CSATA E., CZEKES Z. & MARKO B. 2011. Habitat preference of Myrmica vandeli Bondroit, 1920 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and its place in the ant communities. Entomologica romanica 16: 64. Quentin BARBOTTE Chargé d’études faune sauvage à la Société d’histoire naturelle d’Autun. Photographie 5. Vue latérale de Myrmica scabrinodis. article > Découverte de Myrmica vandeli (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) dans le massif du Morvan (Bourgogne) : 137 une fourmi-hôte de Maculinea alcon alcon (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) ?.
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