Middle Saxon and Later Archaeological Remains in Whitehall
MIDDLE SAXON AND LATER ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS IN WHITEHALL Paw Jorgensen With contributions by Jonathan Butler, Kevin Hayward, Chris Jarrett and Kevin Rielly SUMMARY Guards Road to the west, the Embankment to the east, Parliament Square to the south Archaeological investigations undertaken during the and Great Scotland Yard to the north (Figs streetscape improvements in Whitehall revealed the 2, 2a, 2b). Bordering upon the site are remains of several periods of activity. Middle Saxon governmental offices, mostly dating to the activity most likely associated with that previously late 19th and 20th centuries, many of which found at the Old Treasury Building in the 1960s was are Listed Buildings. In total 78 Listed revealed on Whitehall opposite the west end of Horse Buildings are located immediately adjacent Guards Avenue. Elsewhere masonry associated with to the site; of these, 14 are Grade I listed, York Place, the Archbishop of York’s official residence 17 Grade II* listed, and 47 Grade II listed; in London, and Whitehall Palace was found. Later these include Queen Mary’s Steps, the Ban- remains consisted of buildings which were constructed queting House, the Ministry of Defence in the 18th and 19th century following the destruction Main Building, and the Cabinet Office, Privy of Whitehall Palace in two fires at the end of the 17th Council and Treasury Building, all of which century. to varying degrees have incorporated part of the fabric of Whitehall Palace into the INTRODUCTION current buildings and structures. Furthermore, the entire site lies within the Pre-Construct Archaeology was commiss- Lundenwic and Thorney Island Area of Spec- ioned by Atkins Heritage acting on behalf ial Archaeological Priority and immediately of the City of Westminster to undertake a to the south is the World Heritage Site of watching-brief during streetscape improve- Westminster Palace, Westminster Abbey and ments along Whitehall and the adjoining St Margaret’s Church (WHS number 462).
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