Volume 12, Number 3 Denver, Colorado July, August, September 2011

Royal : Titles , Tiaras, Traditions -- James K. Jeffrey

Who doesn’t love a wedding, especially one between two beautiful people who apparently are so in love, one with the other? Friday, 29 April, found millions of people around the world watching the festivities surrounding the of Prince William of Wales to Catherine Middleton. It is understood about one million Britons came out and lined the parade route from to . Twenty-four million people watched the spectacle on their television sets in the United Kingdom. Over two billion people from around the globe tuned in to witness the wedding of the future king of either on television or the Internet. The British Broadcasting Corporation website crashed several times.

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in our four nations, spurred by requests from members. I fear that many people have joined President’s W.I.S.E. without realizing that our framework is Message larger than telling members how to find what they’re looking for – great-grandmother’s birth- place in Ireland, for instance, or learning ances- What exactly is the W.I.S.E. Family History tors’ names to fill out pedigree charts. We want to Society? Is it a genealogy society or an organiza- foster the urge to study, read, listen and compre- tion that studies and promotes British Isles family hend. Our primary educational outreach has been history and culture? our seminars specializing in genealogical research, The answer is: Both. and in our research trips to the Family History Library in Salt Lake City. W.I.S.E. started as a study group in 1983, but by the time it was incorporated 17 years later, its pur- Now, we’re going to try a new tack, a series of pose had expanded. Our bylaws adopted in 2000 classes devoted to general and specific research. describe our objective this way: “To promote an (See details elsewhere in this newsletter.) But they interest and education in genealogy and family won’t be for the uninitiated; we’re calling them history.” The bylaws also state that membership intermediate. Other genealogy societies offer is open to anyone interested in furthering those classes for beginners. Besides possessing such objectives. Traditionally, our programs mix gene- basic skills as knowing how to fill out charts, alogy with culture. you’ll need to know at the very least which coun- try your ancestor came from, preferably a county, That said, it’s important to understand that we are as well as the religion and approximately when not a common genealogy society. We are a the family emigrated. specialty group like other ethnic-roots groups including the Swedes, Germans and Palatines. You must know how to surf the Internet, under- History and education are written large in our mis- stand census research and have an idea of how sion – cultural family history. Our goal is not to to use the major online genealogical databases, teach the elements of genealogical research – www.Ancestry.com and www.FamilySearch.org many other organizations do that – but rather to (they’re not the same). Old-fashioned research take genealogical studies to the next level, to help skills will help. As in all genealogical research, members understand the culture from which you must be prepared to meet frustration head we came. on, to understand that incremental advances are big deals and that nothing is going to be all Take it from me, a descendant of Scots and Irish, in one place. You must be motivated, an active as well as French-Canadians and Germans, that’s pursuer of knowledge. the best part of genealogical research, giving your family historic context, understanding how they – Zoe von Ende Lappin□ fit into the large scheme of things on both sides of the ocean and unearthing the story of why they came to America. Membership Report Along the way, of course, you must identify --Nancy Craig your families and determine where they came from. But what comes first, individuals or their Welcome to these new members who recently society? joined W.I.S.E. Those issues have faced the W.I.S.E. board of March: Joahn Hartman; Marilyn (Bowers) and directors this spring as we have discussed the pos- David Jensen. sibility of offering classes in genealogical research April: Terry Jones; Susan Jordan; Peter Netzel.□

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W.I.S.E. Family History Society British Isles Research at Denver Public Library W.I.S.E. Family History Society is dedicated to research in Wales, Ireland, Scotland, England, the Channel Islands Think you know the British resources at the Den- and the Isle of Man. Attention is also directed to the emi- gration and immigration of these peoples as well as heral- ver Public Library? Think again. Come explore the dry and one-name studies. Monthly meetings are generally hidden resources and treasures awaiting the re- held the fourth Saturday of most months at the Central searcher at the Central Denver Public Library with Denver Public Library, 7th Floor. Membership is open to the man who has winkled, ferreted, marshaled, anyone with interest in family history and genealogy. Membership dues for the calendar year are $12 for an built and re-imaged one of America’s finest local individual or $15 for a family living at the same address. history and genealogy collections. James K. The W.I.S.E. Family History Society publishes W.I.S.E. Jeffrey is the collection specialist in genealogy at Words four times per year, and a subscription is included the Denver Public Library. He received the with membership dues. Add $5 to the dues, if you want a P. William Filby Award for Excellence in Genea- printed copy of the newsletter mailed to you. logical Librarianship from the National Genealog- © 2000-2011, W.I.S.E. Family History Society, P.O. Box 40658, Denver, CO 80204-0658 ical Society in 2004. James is a member of All rights reserved. W.I.S.E. Family History Society, and he will be Visit our website at www.wise-fhs.org. our featured speaker at the September 24th pro- gram. If you do not know James, introduce your- Officers and Board Members self to him when you visit the DPL genealogy President ...... Zoe von Ende Lappin collection.□ ...... [email protected] Vice President ...... Sandy Ronayne In This Issue Secretary ...... Sandy Carter-Duff Royal Wedding: Titles, Tiaras, Traditions ...... 35 Treasurer ...... Nancy G. Craig President's Message ...... 36 Past President ...... Duane Woodard Membership Report ...... 36 Membership ...... Nancy G. Craig British Isles Research at Denver Public Library ...... 37 Members’ Interest Coordinator ...... Terence Quirke Scottish Research Seminar ...... 41 Publicity Coordinator ...... Cynthia Murphy New Country Editor for Scotland ...... 42 Archivist / Historian ...... John Mossman 400 Years of King James Bible ...... 42 CCGS Delegate ...... Cathy Bowman An Englishman Appreciates Colorado Resources ...... 45 Webmaster ...... Richard Savage Irish Festival Volunteers Needed ...... 46 Scottish Festival Workers Needed...... 46 Newsletter Staff Researching in Edinburgh ...... 47 Adopt a Book Opportunity for W.I.S.E. Members ...... 48 Newsketter Editor ...... Judith S. Phelps ...... [email protected] New Irish Websites ...... 48 Irish Family History Foundation ...... 48 Book Review Editor ...... Zoe von Ende Lappin Y Gelli, Town of Books ...... 49 Internet Resources Review Editor ...... Linda Pearce Welsh Heritage Week and Wandering in Wales...... 50 Proofreaders...... Jack and Zoe von Ende Lappin About the Scottish-Mexicans ...... 51 Distribution Coordinator...... Sue Clasen Websites for the Wise – Wales ...... 52 Country Editors Member Profiles ...... 53 Book Review ...... 54 Wales ...... Samuel Kuntz Salt Lake City Research Trip ...... 55 Ireland ...... Marylee Hagen Classes on England Research ...... 55 Scotland ...... Ken McIntosh In Memoriam ...... 55 England ...... Richard Savage W.I.S.E. Program Schedule ...... 56

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Royal Wedding Before that most royal were celebrated either at the Palace of St. James or in continued from pg 35 – St. George’s Chapel, . Titles Westminster Abbey was magnificent. Instead of Earlier in the day Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, oversized floral arrangements or swags and the groom’s grandmother, had granted three new drapes of fabric suspended from columns, it was titles upon the second in line to the throne. He was transformed into a veritable forest. There were created an English , a Scottish and a North- 20-foot-high English field maples symbolizing ern Ireland baron. He is to be known as His Royal modesty and humility along with hornbeams Highness Prince William Arthur Philip Louis, denoting resilience and strength. These trees and , Earl of , Baron other live greens will be planted at Highgrove, Carrickfergus, Royal Knight Companion of the the country estate of Prince Charles, the Prince Most Noble Order of the , Master of Arts. of Wales. There had been much speculation as to whether he would be created a duke. There was much debate Guests about the titles of Cambridge and Clarence. The last To describe this as a small family affair would was the son of Edward and not be off the mark. Certainly that was the feel, Alexandra, the Prince and . Edward an intimate family affair with two thousand became King Edward VII in 1901 on the death of his guests and millions of onlookers. We have mother . His eldest son was engaged watched the groom grow up from a fat baby into to Princess May Teck, known to history as Queen a handsome young man who has already inhe- Mary, the model for “modern royalty.” He died and rited his paternal “crown.” This was not a state she happily married the who later wedding but a royal wedding. His father, as became King . The last Duke of Cambridge , had a state wedding. That is, was a prince who married for love, just as this royal there were carriages carrying the party to and duke has done. It has been rumored that William was from the church, invited heads of state, reigning happy to be known as William Wales. It is monarchs and politicians. anticipated that he will continue to be known as Instead, a royal wedding such as this featured a Prince William. lovely bridal party arriving by car, royal guests Catherine Elizabeth Middleton arrived as a common- by motor coach, and lots of friends. There were er and left the cathedral still not a princess. She is not over two hundred of the couple’s friends and a princess in her own right. This must be granted by lots of family. Not only were there lots of mem- HM the Queen. Until that happens she is HRH The bers of the , but the groom’s Princess William of Wales, Duchess of Cambridge, Spencer family was well represented. Sitting Lady Strathearn, Baroness Carrickfergus. And to with the Spencers were the queen’s maternal think she still shops for her and her man’s groceries! cousins, the Bowes-Lyons, and of course the ’s family, the Middletons. They were Setting splendid throughout the celebrations, no chew- Westminster Abbey is about as traditional a setting ing gum to be seen, and James and Pippa were for a royal wedding as we can remember. But that fully clothed for this event, and everyone was in has not always been the case. The abbey was built by splendor along with their acorn jewelry, includ- Edward the Confessor over a thousand years ago. It ing a most handsome tiepin. has been a royal peculiar for hundreds of years. That is, it is not under any diocesan bishop but is answer- The guest list included many royals from able to the monarch. The abbey for generations was a abroad. Those attending included the Crown place for coronations and royal burials. It was not Prince of Orange, Prince Willem-Alexander, and until the twentieth century that the children of Princess Maxima of the Netherlands; Prince George V made it the venue for royal . Albert of Monaco and his fiancée Charlene www.wise-fhs.org W.I.S.E. Words ~- 39 -~ July, August, September 2011

Wittstock; Queen Margaretha of Denmark; Crown Something new – her acorn diamond earrings, Princess Victoria of Sweden and her husband the a gift from her parents designed and created to Duke of Vastergotland; TM King Michael of match the tiara. The acorns are a nod to the Romania and Queen Anne; TM King Constantine of heraldic motifs in the new coat of arms created Greece and Queen Anne-Marie; the Crown Prince for the Middletons. and Princess of Greece; the Queen of Spain and the Something borrowed – a halo tiara designed by Crown Prince and Princess of Spain; Crown Prince Cartier in 1936, a gift from King George VI to Alexander II of Yugoslavia and his wife; the King his wife, Queen Elizabeth. It was a gift to the and Queen of Norway. With the exception of present queen on her 18th birthday. HM loaned it Monaco all of these European royals are closely to Catherine for the wedding. related to the British royals through Prince Philip, the . He was born a royal Something blue – a bit of blue ribbon was sewn prince of Denmark and Greece of the House of into the lining of the wedding . Now this is Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg. Just as a gal who likes and adheres to tradition. Queen Victoria was the grandmother of Europe, The bouquet was shield-shaped and contained a King Christian IX of Denmark was the grandfather collection of myrtle, lily-of-the-valley, sweet of Europe. william, ivy and hyacinth. Myrtle sprigs were Sartorial Splendor taken from plants grown from myrtle used in the As Jane Austen’s Mr. Bennet pleads with Mrs. wedding bouquets of Queen Victoria in 1840, Bennet and her daughters in Pride and Prejudice, and Queen Elizabeth in 1947. In the language of as she describes the lace worn by the guests at flowers, lily-of-the-valley signifies a return to the Netherfield ball, “no lace, no lace, Mrs. Bennet, happiness, sweet william is for gallantry, hya- I beg you.” cinth is for constancy of love, myrtle is for mar- riage and love, and ivy is for fidelity, marriage, Something old – the setting for the wedding and the wedded love, friendship and affection. silhouette of the gown as homage to . The dress can be described as classic and vintage, yet The groom wore the uniform of a Colonel of the edgy. Designed by British designer Sarah Burton of Irish Guards. To describe it as red would be the Alexander McQueen label, it can be described as an understatement. He chose that instead of his working uniform of the Royal Air Force. ivory and white satin, with an embroidered lace th bodice appliqué. The gown has square pleats and a Prince William was the 1,000 person inducted respectable train, not dramatic or obscenely absurd into the Order of the Garter, and he wore his in length. The lace is the work of the Royal School blue Garter sash or riband. He also wore his of Needlework, Hampton Court Palace. The embroi- Garter Star and Royal Air Force “wings” and the derers ranged in age from 19 to 70 and are from all Golden Jubilee Medal as did his brother Prince over the world. They had to wash their hands every Harry. Harry was splendid in his captain’s 30 minutes to keep the threads and lace pristine and uniform of the Household Cavalry (Blues & free of oils. Their needles were renewed every Royals). His chest displayed a service medal 3 hours to maintain sharp and clean instruments. from his time in the Afghanistan campaign The flower motifs included the rose, shamrock, this- and the gold belts and aiguillettes around his tle and daffodil, representing England, Ireland, waist and chest and the gold braided cords were Scotland and Wales. The design and process was worn for the ceremonial occasion. They both inspired by traditional Carrickmacross lace, which wore spurs. originated in Ireland in the 1820s. The ladies did , sister of the bride and - not know the identity of the designer of the dress or maid, stole the day. She looked stunning in her the client until shortly before the rest of the world form-fitting dress. Americans often ask why was told. They are thrilled and hope the Duchess there are not lots of adult attendants and why of Cambridge will visit them and see them working. they are all in white. It is British custom that

www.wise-fhs.org W.I.S.E. Words ~- 40 -~ July, August, September 2011 bridal attendants be dressed in white, the color of that their parents have abandoned them as they purity, and that there be one adult and the rest are in desperate need of guidance and direction. younger family members and friends. And the page Is there no Tim Gunn in ? One would boys are the bride’s attendants as well. The groom think that the girls had taken mascara tips from usually has no more than the one adult friend, in this the school of raccoon and bought their hats from case, Prince Harry. The attendants included Eliza a flea market bin. It was awful, it was embar- Lopez, granddaughter of the ; rassing, it was attention-getting; oh, the shame Lady Louise Windsor, daughter of Prince Edward; of it, oh, the humiliation of it all. Then again, we Grace van Cutsem, goddaughter of Prince William all have poor relations and we must bear our and my “cousin,” the great-great-granddaughter of burden. Next wedding may find them on Nancy Lady Astor, my grandmother’s second cousin; Oprah’s couch. Margarita Armstrong-Jones, daughter of David, Lord Clergy, Nuns and Vergers Linley, Princess Margaret’s son; Tom Pettifer, son of No one puts on a show like the English royals Tiggy, Prince William’s former nanny – Tom stole and the Church of England. You may still down- the show; William Lowther-Pinkerton, son of the load a copy of the wedding program from the prince’s private secretary. Official Wedding website; just Google around, More Sartorial Splendor you will find it. You can see all the music and The Duchess of Cornwall was transformed. Who prayers. Royals were trumpeted or bugled out of would have thought the other woman would ever the courtyard of Buckingham Palace as they left become a handsome, sliding past middle-aged, com- and bugle saluted back in as they came back fortable companion for the Prince of Wales? Her from the wedding. Royal protocol, better than a champagne-colored boxed pleated suite transformed car horn, and everyone knows it is you coming her into a radiant, well-upholstered old dear. Her and going. The royal men salute as they pass; tears of joy as she watched Prince Harry and Prince royal women bow their heads in acknowledg- William allow us to wonder if she was thinking those ment. As the royals pulled up to the entrance of boys could have been hers. Westminster Abbey they were greeted by the dean and a verger. The verger carried a No one was more radiant than HM the Queen. Her ceremonial mace, a sign of the office of the daffodil-yellow outfit was lovely, and definitely her th abbey. Inside they were greeted by other canons color. Having just celebrated her 85 birthday, she and the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Most has passed King George III’s reign as the second Rev. Dr. Rowan Williams. Guests had already longest reigning monarch, and been married to her arrived and were seated as were the foreign handsome prince for 63, soon to be 64, years. Philip royals. Members of the extended English royal turned 90 on 10 June. She is a great-grandmother by family arrived in order of precedence and fami- her grandson Peter Phillips, and will have another ly. You will have noticed that the Gloucesters grandchild married this year, Zara Phillips. The com- entered as a group followed by the Kents, then ing year will see her celebrating 60 years on the the queen’s brood. Queen Elizabeth and Prince throne and it appears that her health is fine; her Philip may have been grandparents but she takes mother lasted 101 years in relatively good health. precedence as queen; they followed the Prince of May Elizabeth see several of her great-grandchildren Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall. Then it was become teenagers! time for the bride to make her entrance. Hats, one cannot have missed that sea of ladies’ hats, You may have noticed the large black rectangle and fascinators – ribbons, bows, feathers and curls – with the border of red flowers around it close all competing for attention. These are not the pages to the main entrance of the abbey. This is the of Vanity Fair or WWD, but something must be done Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, a memorial from about the York sisters. Princesses Beatrice and the Great War, also known as World War I. It is Eugenie are in need of an intervention. It is apparent one of the most sacred spaces in the abbey. No

www.wise-fhs.org W.I.S.E. Words ~- 41 -~ July, August, September 2011 one walks on it. It is defined by the border of red and our need to fuel our ermine fever? There is poppies. Beginning with Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the quiet wedding of Zara Phillips and Mike royal brides traditionally have their flower bouquets Tindall on July 30th in a small Scottish church, placed on the memorial. Elizabeth’s gesture was out and of course, His Serene Highness Prince of respect for one of her brothers who died during Albert of Monaco and Charlene Wittstock on WWI. The tradition continued with other royal 2 July in Monte Carlo. Rumor has it one of the brides with the exception of Diana, who married German royals is getting married this summer as Prince Charles at St. Paul’s, Sophie who married well. Now, has that invitation arrived? Prince Edward at St. George’s Chapel, Windsor, and Camilla who married Prince Charles in a registry office in Windsor. After the wedding photos were Scottish Research Seminar done at Buckingham Palace, Catherine’s flowers 15 October 2011 were returned to the abbey. Sartorial splendor does not come to mind when one Mark your calendars for the W.I.S.E. fall semi- thinks of the two Anglican nuns who had two of the nar. Barbara Baker, AG® of the Family History best seats for the wedding. One of them wore her no- Library in Salt Lake nonsense black trainers under her habit. They were City, will be showing us not MI5 special agents disguised as nuns protecting how to research Scottish the royal couple from terrorists. They were members records on 15 October of the Community of Sisters of the Church. Sister 2011 in an all-day semi- Judith, one of the two, serves as a special chaplain at nar. Barbara, an expert Westminster. Their presence was to give visibility to in British Isles research, the two statuses in life offered by God; that of holy has more than 20 years marriage and holy celibacy. One of the best moments experience as a research of the day was that caught on camera of the verger, consultant and lectures Ben Sheward, performing two cartwheels down the widely in the U.S. and center aisle of the abbey after most of the guests had Great Britain. This seminar will be both infor- left the service. It captured the joy and energy of the mative and fun. Barbara’s topics will be: moment. Oh, if only more people would flip a  Do Your Homework: Exhausting Home and cartwheel now and then. U.S. /.Canadian Sources It was terrific watching the wedding on television.  Scotland on the Internet: How Online Re- The BBC had the best coverage. Its commentary got sources Can Help You the best reviews. It was disheartening reading about the retractions the American stations had to post. No,  Faith of Our Fathers: an In-Depth Look at Katie Couric was wrong, he was not Dodi Fayed’s Scottish Church Records father, he was the King of Tonga. Barbara Walters  Going to Court: Scottish Land, Probate, and and Diane Sawyer need to learn to get along. Some- Other Court Records one needs to remind Barbara that when she covers a The Seminar will be in the Lower Level Confe- royal wedding it is the one taking place in 2011 that rence Center in the Central Denver Public most people are interested in, not a marriage that Library (14th and Broadway). Registration ended tragically. begins at 9 a.m.; the program will start at So, William and Catherine are playing house in 9:30 a.m. The materials fee is $30, if paid by Wales much as Elizabeth and Phil did when he was 8 October, and $35 after 8 October. If you have stationed on Malta. It is the only time in their lives questions, please contact Sandy Ronayne at that they will come anywhere close to an average, [email protected] or 303.750.5002. A normal life. May they enjoy their and be registration form can be found at www.wise- blessed with three healthy children. And, what of us fhs.org.□

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New Country Editor for Scotland

Stephanie Forbes Hayward is the Scotland editor for W.I.S.E. Words, starting next edition. She succeeds Ken McIntosh, who served two years. Stephanie and her husband, Jim, of Greeley, have been W.I.S.E. members for about two years. Her Scottish research is concentrated in Inverness Shire as well as Prescott County, Ontario. She is a member of the Clan Forbes Society, St. Andrew Society, the National, Ontario and Weld County genealogical societies and the Association of Professional Genealogists. Welcome, Stephanie, and thank you, Ken, for all you’ve done for us.

400 Years of King James Bible – Richard Savage

The 400th anniversary of the first edition of the Everyone recognizes Lincoln’s opening words, King James version of the Bible was 2 May 2011. “Fourscore and seven years ago...”, as well as his Perhaps the strangest of many strange things closing phrase, “... shall not perish from the earth.” about the KJV is its contrast with Shakespeare’s Everyone in Lincoln’s audience recognized his great plays of the same era – MacBeth, Lear, paraphrase of “... our years are threescore and ten ...” Hamlet, Antony and Cleopatra and others. from Psalm 90, and most would have recognized Shakespeare uses more than 24,000 words, his modification of the words of Job’s comforter, many newly created and polysyllabic; the KJV Bildad, that “his remembrance shall perish from the uses 6,000 at most, almost all age-old, Anglo- earth.” “Eighty-seven years ago ...” is neither as Saxon, and short. They are totally different memorable nor solemn as Lincoln’s paraphrase. Few works, but both sponsored by the monarch who would have recognized that the structure is based on made Shakespeare’s Company into The King’s the Funeral Oration of Pericles (Gary Wills, Lincoln Men, James VI of Scotland and I of England – at Gettysburg, Simon & Schuster, 1992), but every- an interesting, talented, highly educated man, one of Lincoln’s generation, including the boy who and well described in Majestie: The King Behind learned to read by fireplace light, knew the memora- the King James Bible by David Teems (2010). ble phrases of a book now 400 years old – the King But why? There were already multiple transla- James version (KJV) of the Bible. Catholics and tions of the Bible, already six well-known Protestants, Welsh, Irish, Scots and English would versions before that chartered by James. have noticed little or no difference from previous versions. The KJV was intended to be a unifier of First was that of John Wycliffe (1320? - 1384), a English speakers, as well as a model of simple, Catholic priest, who translated the Latin Vulgate elevated speech: not just religious doctrine, but Bible of St. Jerome into the English vernacular literature, culture, heritage, and political language to more than a century before Luther’s reformation. unite the English-speaking world. Much has changed Wycliffe even dared to say that the Bible was since James I called for a new translation. Much of “... sole authority for religious faith and practice what James intended is lost; the best – its literary and everyone had the right to read and interpret style – remains. scripture for himself.” It’s no surprise that, in www.wise-fhs.org W.I.S.E. Words ~- 43 -~ July, August, September 2011

1382, a synod of bishops met at Blackfriars Abbey 90 percent of the KJV NT, the most familiar (later Shakespeare’s theatre) to declare the work he- part. Tyndale also translated the first fourteen retical. Wycliffe’s followers, known as Lollards, books of the Old Testament (OT) and the Book were captured, tortured, and executed; English of Jonah. Among his contributions to our Bibles were banned by Parliament. In 1414, thirty speech: For thine is the kingdom and the power years after his death, Wycliffe’s body was disinterred and the glory ... fight the good fight .... my from consecrated ground, burned at the stake, and brother's keeper ... the apple of his eye ... the dumped into the River Swift. The bitter struggle over spirit is willing but the flesh is weak ... sign of a vernacular Bible translation was underway the time .... in the cool of the day ... ye of little (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wycliffe Bible). faith … a law unto themselves ... peace-maker ... long-suffering ... the Lord's anointed .... There The Vulgate is no longer considered a good transla- are hundreds more. tion of the original Hebrew and Greek, and Wycliffe had little interest in “a flowery, captivating The most quoted are Matthew, Luke, John, Acts, style of address.” Nevertheless, Wycliffe’s simple, Mark and I Corinthians from the NT, and honest translation injected into our language hun- Exodus, Genesis and Ecclesiastes from the Old dreds of words and constructions: an eye for an eye, (OT). Tyndale did not have time before his mar- the salt of the earth, communication, child-bearing, tyrdom to translate all the OT. Part of Tyndale's envy, crime, frying-pan, godly, humanity, injury, genius was his recognition that English is well- jubilee, madness, middleman … and many others suited for translation of Hebrew, as he said: make their appearance in Wycliffe's English Bible. “...the properties of the Hebrew tongue agreeth a Most importantly, he awakened a taste for an thousand times more with the English than with English translation of scripture, as well as other lan- the Latin.” Remember that this was two genera- guages, such as Welsh (www.llgc.org.uk/index. tions before Shakespeare's introduction of php?id=292). 24,000 new words into English. Nobody outside England spoke English; it was unimportant, Recognizing the inadequacy of the Vulgate Bible, unformed and medieval. the Renaissance humanist, Erasmus of Rotterdam, Tyndale, an excellent scholar of Hebrew, also published (1516) the best Greek text of the New added the Semitic superlatives, holy of holies, Testament (NT) he could obtain making a translation song of songs, and all such noun + of + nouns from the original source possible. superlatives. Hebrew has no abstractions; it's a The first to do so, a man who strove for poetry of very down-to-earth language, very unlike the NT language, was William Tyndale (ca. 1494 - October Greek. Thankfully, the words of Jesus of Naza- 6, 1536) also a priest and a lyricist with a gift for reth, though quoted in Greek, are the words of English comparable to Shakespeare's two generations an Aramaic speaker, direct and to the point – earlier. “Speak the speech, I pray you, as I pro- very unlike the Epistles of Paul, a Greek speak- nounced it to you, trippingly on the tongue …” said er. Tyndale even printed his NT in octavo – a Hamlet. Nothing in Tyndale's translation goes trip- convenient pocket size, which continued to be pingly; it's sonorous, grave, solemn and beautiful: printed long after his death. (The Tyndale Bible The Lorde blesse thee and kepe thee. is available from Amazon; search for “william The Lorde make his face shyne apon thee tyndale bible.” Tyndale's New Testament, in the Kindle version, costs $0.99. The KJV is, of and be mercyfull unto thee. course, easily available on-line.) The Lord lift upp his countenaunce apon thee and give thee peace. So, if Tyndale's Bible was so good – and it is – why did King James need another? He was seek- Estimates vary; as low as 76 percent and as high as ing political unity. James spent 35 years fighting 94 percent, but the consensus of Bible scholars is with the Scottish Kirk, which was definitely not that William Tyndale is responsible for at least subordinate to the king. Then he came to

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England, where he was the head of the English Harper-Collins, New York. Interesting men, but Catholic Church, full of papal rituals, sacraments, not entirely sympathetic. and (arch)bishops – all abominations to Puritans, For example, the Greek term επισκοπος Presbyterians, and Separatists (our Pilgrim fathers). (episkopos), which literally means a “supervisor, Sequential persecutions under Henry VIII (Angli- overseer” was early transliterated into Old can), Edward VII (Protestant), Mary (Catholic), English as “bishop,” where it’s a religious term. and Elizabeth (Protestant) had driven opposition Anglican (and Roman Catholic) bishops have religious leaders and scholars abroad to publish religious powers ordinary priests and ministers their translations. Most offensive in James’ eyes – do not. Not in Calvin’s Geneva Bible, of and it had been in his eyes many times in his youth – course, where they're considered administrators was John Calvin’s Geneva Bible, created in of the “congregation” (not “Church”). In the the 1550s. Separatist movement, there aren't any priests The Geneva Bible included maps and marginal notes or ministers at all, let alone bishops; each indi- commenting on the tyranny of monarchs who did not vidual may read the Scripture and interpret it. consider themselves subordinate to the Kirk, a fore- A W.I.S.E. Words columnist, Paul Kilburn, has boding of the Civil War to come. The “Divine Right written an elegant series on the Separatists and of Kings,” James’ fundamental principle of govern- their parish churches (e.g., Volume 11, Number ment, is a major motivation of the KJV. The word 1, 2010). When submission was required, the “tyrant” occurs over 400 times in the Geneva Bible; Separatists refused to subscribe to the rule of you won't find it in the KJV – and marginal notes the Church and left for Holland, and ultimately were forbidden by James’ instructions to the transla- Massachusetts Bay. They were among fewer tors. We all know how that political dispute turned than one percent who could not be persuaded. out, both among the British (all the W.I.S.E. ethnici- Naturally, they took Calvin’s Geneva Bible with ties suffered in the Civil War) and the Americans them to the New World. (“... governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed”). The Epistle of Paul to the Romans, chapter 13, verse 1 “... Let every soul be subject to the higher powers ...” and (verse 13) “... The Powers that Be are ordained of God ....” was much more to the liking of King James. Understandably, there's a lot of religious compromise in the KJV. James wanted a unifying national docu- ment (church attendance was mandatory) “... to be read in the churches …” that did not alienate too many congregants. James’ instructions to the transla- tors had excluded the Douai-Rheims translation as a Many have remarked that the KJV is the only source, but they included it anyway. More important- instance in history that a work of genius has ly, James included among the translators a number of been produced by a committee – 54 academics, Puritan-leaning academics from Cambridge as well carefully vetted by King James. The mystery is as the Oxford Anglicans. All were vested in the cler- explained by their reliance on previous English ical and academic power structure; all were political- translations (as directed by James), all strongly ly adroit enough to understand the rules and the in- influenced by Tyndale: Coverdale's translation tended outcome. If you wish to know more about the (1535), Mathew's Bible (1537), the 1539 Great translators, see God's Secretaries: The Making of Bible (subsidized by Henry VIII), the Geneva the King James Bible by Adam Nicolson, 2003: Bible (1560), the Bishops’ Bible (1569), and the

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Roman Catholic Douai-Rheims versions of 1582 just mine; Winston Churchill and Lord Thomas and 1609. Macaulay, among many others, thought so. Were the translators mere plagiarists, copying Tyn- Why? There are two reasons, among others: dale and adding a few obscure books of the OT he 1. “The King James Bible ... has contributed had not gotten to? No; they reconsidered all Tyn- far more to English in the way of idiomatic dale's words, and in small, subtle ways, rearranged or quasi-proverbial expressions than any them. Tyndale's phrase “a small, still voice” became other literary source.” (from Begat: The “a still, small voice.” “Brimstone and fire” became King James Bible and the English Language “fire and brimstone” – a smooth English iambic. As by David Crystal, Oxford University Press, Miles Smith, who wrote the Preface to the KJV, said: 2010). Crystal is professor of linguistics at “… the same will shine as gold more brightly, being the University of Wales, Bangor. rubbed and polished also ....” Their aim was to improve on a century of translations. 2. Style, especially the style known as parataxis, exemplified in Genesis, Chapter All credit to the translators, but they were not per- 1: “In the beginning God created the heaven fect. Many of the manuscripts they translated were and the earth. And the earth was without corrupt – containing mistakes, missing words or form, and void; and darkness was upon the whole lines, and interpolations from partisan theolo- face of the deep. And the Spirit of God gians. In addition, the translators were a little uncer- moved upon the face of the waters. And God tain of Hebrew verb tenses and Greek subjunctives. said, Let there be light: and there was light.” They had been trained in the Classic Greek of Plato Parataxis style is the simple sequence of and Aristotle, but the koine (“common”) Greek of subject-verb-object, connected by “and” – Paul of Tarsus is very different – and even the con- without subordinate clauses. It’s even more temporary Epistle of Peter remarks that “... in the stark in the KJV, since James’ instructions epistles of our brother Paul there is much that is dif- to the translators told them to use simple, ficult of understanding.” For several reasons, the re- well-understood words: “The ould ecclesias- ligious doctrine embodied in the KJV translation has ticall words to be kept, viz. as the word been enriched and broadened and largely replaced by Churche not to be translated Congregation, scholarship, by better textual analysis, and by new etc.” As we saw, previous translations – material such as the Dead Sea Scrolls. If you wish to Wycliffe, Tyndale – had used simple, know more about the history of the vernacular Bible Anglo-Saxon words, which tend to be (including the KJV), I recommend The Bible in Eng- monosyllabic (as Hebrew is not). lish: Its History and Influence by David Daniell, Yale University Press, 2003. Do we know any modern authors who write like that? Ernest Hemingway, for one. I’ll suggest Was the KJV immediately accepted? Alas, no. others in a future essay, along with examples of James’ requirement that there be “no marginal notes” idioms we all recognize – perhaps without was a major detriment; the KJV was widely referred knowing their KJV antecedants.□ to as “the Bible without notes.” Even many of the translators went on using the Geneva Bible, as did Shakespeare. In addition, it was folio size (i.e., An Englishman Appreciates large), “appointed to be read in Churches,” and printed in the old black letter font, rather than Colorado Resources modern typeface. It had the great advantage, – Nancy Craig however, that it was read aloud to everyone, every What do Ebenezer Scrooge and James K. Jeffrey Sunday, for centuries. of the Denver Public Library have in common? What remains? The best, the reason it’s the finest One is tall, scrawny, and grizzled in appearance, English language prose of all time. My opinion? Not the other is not! However, we now know that

www.wise-fhs.org W.I.S.E. Words ~- 46 -~ July, August, September 2011 both have ties to the North Yorkshire town of LOCATION: Clement Park, south of Bowles Malton, England – in a roundabout way. Here’s Avenue between Wadsworth Boulevard and the story. Pierce Street. Author Charles Dickens' famous novella, A Christ- DATES: Friday, 8 July, 5 p.m. to 9 p.m. mas Carol, published in 1843, was written while he Saturday, 9 July, 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. visited a friend who lived in the area near Malton. Recently, our newest W.I.S.E. member, Mr. Peter Sunday, 10 July, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Netzel, visited Colorado from his home in Malton. It Our goal is to provide basic Irish genealogical was his fourth time to visit Denver friends of information and share maps, books, websites 40 years; Mrs. Netzel could not travel due to health and personal experiences with festival guests, so issues. The friends met while both worked in Eng- people can begin their own research. We also land, then one family moved to Colorado; they have encourage guests to attend W.I.S.E. meetings. kept in touch all these years. Resources are provided by Denver Public During his 3½ weeks here, Peter ventured to DPL to Library and volunteers. Typically, the people do research on his family. He was deeply impressed coming to the tent know little or nothing about with James’ knowledge of the DPL collection and Ireland and their Irish roots. direction to “just the right information” that he needed. As a result, in addition to joining W.I.S.E., For information, go to the Colorado Irish Festiv- Mr. Netzel donated the remainder of a traveler’s al web site at www.coloradoirishfestival.org. To check to our W.I.S.E.-DPL book fund. Thank you volunteer, download a “Personal Information very much! Form” from the website, complete it and send it to Bill Hughes at [email protected] or call In his membership application, Peter included this 303-989-8560. Volunteer shifts average 4 hours, note: and volunteers get free admission for the day for “Hopefully my wife and I will be able to return the two, a free Irish Festival T-shirt and free food compliment by assisting some of your (W.I.S.E.) and drink at the staff tent.□ members with their family history research in Brit- ain. Not all information is available on the Internet and some can only be obtained by visiting the actual Scottish Festival Workers Needed places involved. My best wishes to you and your Society.” --s/Pete Netzel The 49th annual Colorado Scottish Festival & Rocky Mountain Highland Games will be So, W.I.S.E. members: If you have hit a brick wall held on Saturday, 13 August, and Sunday, about your family in North Yorkshire, perhaps Pete 14 August, at the Highland Heritage Park (on can help you over it. Let me know if you'd like his e- south Quebec Street, 2 miles south of C-470 in mail address. Of course, we won't expect him or his Highlands Ranch). Mark your calendar now for wife to expend lots of time and effort on your prob- this fun event. lem, but maybe they can get you started by recom- mending sources you can check out yourself.□ W.I.S.E. members with a working knowledge of the British Isles countries are needed to answer questions from Games attendees. The Denver Irish Festival Volunteers Needed Public Library supplies reference books about the British Isles for our use. Volunteers are needed for the 17th annual Colorado Irish Festival. This is Colorado’s premier Irish Please consider working a 4-hour shift on either festival. Last year it drew 40,000 patrons. W.I.S.E. Saturday and / or Sunday. Before or after your members will staff the family history tent again work shift, you are free to wander around the this year. grounds (and spend money with vendors!)

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For more information, view www.coloradoscots.com the best part of the building, for me, is the one and www.scottishgames.org. Please contact Diane that holds all the parish registers of births, mar- Barbour at 303-604-1051 or [email protected] riages and deaths prior to 1855 and accesses the to volunteer. See you there!□ Statutory Records System that was instituted in 1855. It is everything you would expect, creaky, a little Researching in Edinburgh dusty and smelling of books. In the very middle – Diane Barbour of the first floor is the dome, a circular room holding the microfilm of all the Parish Registers for Scotland. A circular hall runs around that, One of my favorite places in the world is the New and it holds the microfiche for some records. In Register House in Edinburgh. After I tell you about it the outside circular room there are computers you will understand why. Its official address is #2 where you can access the Statutory Records Princes Street. It’s kind of tucked back behind most from 1855. The upper floors hold the original of the commercial buildings on Princes Street. parish registers. On one side of Princes Street is a beautiful park. The staff is very friendly and helpful. I asked if It was made from the lake that divided Old I could see the upper floors and was taken to one Edinburgh and the Royal Mile from the Georgian of the floors, but I was not allowed to touch or part of Edinburgh. At first Edinburgh was built on a use any of the material as they are the fragile ridge with a lake that bordered it. It was a very dirty original documents. city and smelly because there was very little land to build on, so the structures were built up. In the mid- My first visit to this building was a little over- 1700s the city decided to drain the lake and access whelming but subsequent visits made me love it. all that land on the other side. It was called New or I went to the New Register House very early Georgian Edinburgh for King George. Princes in my research. All the methodology books tell Street was named for the Princes. It is the main you to start with U.S. or Canadian records and commercial street for Edinburgh. Imagine anyone in work your way back across the pond. Like eve- America calling the 1700s new. rything else, I like to do it the hard way and I started over the pond and worked my way back. I was a real newbie and didn’t know any- thing about Scottish records. I learned so much about Scottish records from the marvelous people who work there. They were so patient, explaining everything to me. What a find. People line up one-half hour before it opens. You can’t eat or drink in the search rooms, but there is a lunch room and water fountains. If you are like me you spend the day eating life savers and getting by with the water from the fountain. Who wants to take time for lunch? I have wonderful memories of this memorable New Register House in Edinburgh, Scotland. building. When I made subsequent visits to The New Register House holds the most important Edinburgh my mother would ask me “Are you historical records for Scotland. It has merged with going to Scotland and spend all of your time in the National Archives where copies of wills and that stuffy old building?” Why else would I go other legal documents are available for purchase. But to Scotland?□

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you do need to pay to view the records that are Adopt-a-Book Opportunity found. You can find the Ireland Genealogy web for W.I.S.E. Members site at http://www.ireland-genealogy.com/. Findmypast Ireland site was launched 5 May W.I.S.E. and the Denver Public Library are 2011. It is a detailed and thorough collection of offering members an opportunity to help Irish records including land records, directories, customize the DPL genealogy collection. wills, obituaries, gravestone inscriptions and Here’s how it will work: A member may suggest a marriages – adding 50 million records over the title of a book or other resource – not a CD – that next 12 to 18 months. There will be an annual covers some phase of British Isles genealogy or his- subscriptions for the site and “PayAsYouGo” tory and is not already part of the collection. It may will be available. You can find this site at http:// be used or new. If the title meets the approval of the www.findmypast.ie.□ W.I.S.E. DPL Resources Committee, we would ac- cept a donation for the total price, order it and, when it arrives, let the donor adopt it for a month. That is, Irish Family History Foundation he or she could take it home and use it. – Marylee Hagen

At the end of a month, the donor would pass it along Irish Family History Foundation (IFHF) to the library to join the growing genealogy collec- Online Research Service (ORS) http://roots tion, where it would not circulate. The donor’s name ireland.ie would be on a bookplate on the flyleaf. The Irish Family History Foundation’s member centers are based in local communities, working Or, if you do not have a specific title in mind, but with volunteers, local historical societies, local would like to participate, the Resources Committee clergy, local authorities, county libraries and will make suggestions. To make a suggestion, con- government agencies to build a database of tact W.I.S.E. president Zoe Lappin at ZLappi genealogical records for each county. You can @hotmail.com or 303 322-2544. check out the interactive map to see which cen- ters are currently live. Unfortunately, several of the Republic of Ireland counties are still not New Irish Websites available. Some counties in Ireland do not have – Marylee Hagen an IFHF genealogy center, are not yet participat- ing in the online service or do not offer a Ireland-Genealogy.com web site contains extracts genealogy service at the present time. If your from application Census Search Forms. These were county is in RED on the map, click on it, and created to be used by the local pension boards to you will see the reason why, and it will show facilitate searches in the 1821, 1841 and 1851 census other contact information for you. Some coun- records for proof of age for would-be pension appli- ties which are not online at present will be join- cants. These records are held in the Public Records ing the Online Research Service in the coming Office of Northern Ireland (in Belfast) and the Na- months. You can search the record indexes on- tional Archives (in Dublin). They were hand written line at no charge. You need to register and login in pencil resulting in some faded words or letters to use the index. To view an individual detail which made the job of transcribing difficult. There- genealogy record you will need to purchase fore, they are not easy to read and are in no particular credit vouchers. order. You are shown a list of all records that contain the surname you have entered. It will show the appli- Irish Ship Passenger Lists cant's name, county in which he or she resided at the (IFHF) (ORS) recently made available a new time of the 1841 and / or 1851 census and an Ireland source of records. The Centre for Migration Genealogy file number. The searches are free, but Studies, Omagh, County Tyrone, has provided

www.wise-fhs.org W.I.S.E. Words ~- 49 -~ July, August, September 2011 over 227,000 names of ship passengers. The records four in a row and across the street from each are of passengers, mostly of Irish origin, on ships other. Some of the bookshops have books on the traveling to ports in North America (United States first floor (second floor in the U.S.) as well as on and Canada) from Irish and British ports from 1791 the ground floor. There are a few, but very few, to 1897. Just go to the following site and login using other shops in town as well as hotels, pubs and your existing IFHF login details. http://cms. restaurants. rootsireland.ie.□ One can find a book on practically any subject some place in town. The shop clerks are very helpful in directing one to a shop that might Y Gelli, Town of Books have the book, if they do not have it. I was look- – Samuel O. Kuntz ing for some piano sheet music from the World War II era when I was in town. I was directed to “Y Gelli” is the Welsh name for the town of Hay-on- the first floor on one of the shops. After winding Wye, “the Town of Books.” This is a small market my way through the home-made stacks, I town of about 1,900 people situated on a small hill worked my way to the area where the music was alongside the River Wye on the border between spread out all over the floor and on the shelves Wales and England. The nearest town, 22 miles lining one of the walls. It was quite a surprise to away, is Hereford, England, and the closest Welsh find so much sheet music to select from. village is Brecon (Aberhonddu). Hay-on-Wye, like Brecon, lies within the boundary of the Brecon Beacons National Park, which covers 520 square miles in mid-Wales. Thirty-five percent of the park is common land. The River Wye appeared to be great for fishing as there were some fishermen in the middle of the river when I visited earlier this year. As one stands in England and looks across the River Wye toward Hay-on-Wye, he can easily picture it in the middle ages. On top of the hill sits the castle and the village is spread out on the hillside beneath it. This hill has been the site of many hill forts and cas- View of the castle from across the River Wye. tles throughout time. The earliest castle of the Normans was built before 1120 by the 1st Earl of Hereford. Although never destroyed, the castle has been repaired many times throughout history and is now the residence of Richard Booth, bookseller, and self-proclaimed King of Wye. Walls were erected around the town in the 1200s. A great place to eat in Hay-on-Wye is the Old Black Lion Inn. This is a 17th century inn, parts of which date back to the 1300s. This is situated close to the Lion’s Gate, one of the original entrances in the old wall. Street scene in Hay-on-Wye, the “Town of Books.” Richard Booth opened the first second-hand book- I found that the books and materials on the first shop in the town in the 1960s. Others soon followed floors were not very well sorted. The clerks ad- and by the 1970s it had become internationally vised me that they received so many books and known as “the Town of Books.” Today there are had so many on hand that it was difficult to sort over thirty bookshops in Hay-on-Wye. Not only are them all out. A fun part of spending time in there shops next to each other, there are three and

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Hay-on-Wye is finding an interesting book that you Cathedral of St. David. In the summer of 2000, want from the large selection that is available. W.I.S.E. member Betty Brown and I attended Every year the Festival of Books is held in Hay-on- Welsh Heritage Week (WHW) in Wales. Every Wye. This year over 100,000 people, including many 3-4 years, WHW “goes home to Wales” for a dignitaries, were expected at the festival which was week of study at Nant Gwrtheyrn (The Nant); held in late May and early June 2011. I have driven other years, WHW is held on college campuses to Hay-on-Wye twice, once from Brecon to the west in North America. There, we learned a bit of the and from Abergavenny to the south. The roads there complicated Welsh language through a con- are typical Welsh roads, narrow and winding through densed version of its Welsh for Adults program. the beautiful hilly (mountainous) countryside. It is We learned a lot about Welsh culture (singing, hard for me to believe how that many people can get literature, poetry, dance, harp lessons). This was there, let alone where they are going to stay. Howev- followed by a week of sightseeing in the coun- er there are extra buses from Hereford and Brecon try. Via motor coach, our group saw many fam- during the festival. ous castles, mansions, the Portmerion pottery factory, attended the annual Eisteddfod and also Next time you are having trouble finding a book, visited St. David's Cathedral. stop by Hay-on-Wye. I am sure that you will find your book or maybe even another book that you will like even more. Where else can you visit over thirty book shops in one town?□

Welsh Heritage Week and Wandering in Wales – Nancy Craig As the summer of 2011 approaches, it promises people the opportunity to study the Welsh language and culture at several venues, some in North America, some in Wales. Get your passport updated! St. David's Cathedral, Pembrokeshire, built in its Samuel Kuntz reminded me of some Welsh events present form circa 1181 C.E. you may want to consider: When I first stood on the grounds and saw the  Welsh Heritage Week: 17 - 24 July on the cam- size of the cathedral, it was an overwhelming pus of Brock University in St. Catherines, Ontar- view. Although it is one of six cathedrals in io, (the Niagara region) welshheritageweek.org Wales, this is the holiest place in Wales, with the  Cwrs Cymraeg (Welsh Course): 17 - 24 July, on cathedral being noted as “the mother-church of the campus of Shenandoah University in Win- Welsh Christianity.” The building shown above chester, Virginia, www.madog.org is the fourth structure on the site.  National Eisteddfod: 30 July – 6 August (150th Our group was scheduled for a guided tour. We anniversary festival) near Wrexham, Wales, noted the hushed atmosphere, along with the soft eisteddfod.org/uk light that came through the windows. The docent  Course Cymraeg: August 1 - 26 on the campus was an elderly man who knew many statistics of Aberystwyth University, Wales, about the cathedral and its long history. When learnwelshinmidwales.org we approached one small side chapel, the sense of grandeur caught one of our group members in As I was thinking about these classes and her heart, and she asked the docent if we were festivals, I remembered my own experience at the allowed to sing in the chapel. Well, no one had

www.wise-fhs.org W.I.S.E. Words ~- 51 -~ July, August, September 2011 ever made that request of him before! After a economy slumped, Salvador lost his job and to moment of pondering, he asked her what she pro- make ends meet, the family teamed together, posed we should sing, and being extremely pleased moved the furniture out of the living room, and with her answer, he replied: “Yes, your group may created one of Denver’s first Mexican restau- sing, but not too loudly, please.” In four-part harmo- rants, La Hacienda Take Out. They sold burritos, ny and a cappella, we sang our group’s favorite tamales, enchiladas, tostadas and tacos to neigh- Welsh hymn, Penpark. To this day, remembering bors and friends who were hungry for authentic how we sang that hymn quietly and reverently inside Mexican cuisine. the cathedral remains one of my fondest memories “With the help of the entire family, La Hacienda from my entire Welsh Heritage Week trip to Wales.□ flourished. In 1956, they outgrew their tiny house and moved the restaurant operation into the church school next door. About the Scottish-Mexicans – Ken McIntosh “In 1985, the downtown restaurant got a com- plete facelift and a new name, Tosh’s Hacienda. Early on in America, the Scots were not opposed to Ruben and Carole Mackintosh were at the helm intermarrying with Native Americans or Mexicans in and as their children grew up, they became an the Southwest or in Mexico. Being aware of this integral part of the management team.” might help in researching family history and geneal- I know the Mackintosh family personally. Sadly, ogy. Following are two family stories that illustrate in 2010, they suffered the untimely and acciden- this fact. tal death of Adam Mackintosh, Rueben’s ne- For many years – until 2009 – one of Denver’s most phew, as well as Adam’s uncle Tim Mackintosh, popular family Mexican restaurants was Tosh’s who was a member of my Clan Mackintosh of Hacienda; it was owned and operated by the Colorado group. Anyone who met these people Mackintosh family. (Tosh is a sept ─ family ─ sur- would immediately notice their Spanish herit- name of Clan Mackintosh.) They printed their fami- age. At both funerals, Adam and Tim were ly’s story on the front of their menu for all to see. buried wearing their Clan Mackintosh tartan ties It is as follows: and their caskets were covered with the Clan Mackintosh tartan. Apparently, multiple ethnici- “The first Mackintosh emigrated to old Mexico from ties and cultures can co-exist quite nicely. Scotland in the late 1800s. He quickly settled and began raising a family and accumulating property McIntosh, New Mexico and wealth. But early in the Mexican Revolution NOTE: The following family story is also (1910), Zapata’s revolutionaries attacked the documented in Scots in the North American Mackintosh hacienda and killed the unyielding West, 1790-1917, by Ferenc Morton Szasz patriarch before the very eyes of his son Salvador (University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, 2000). who was hiding from the renegades. Taking only what they could carry, the rest of the family escaped There is a small town in the Estancia Valley of to Texas on horseback. central New Mexico (not too far off Interstate 25) called McIntosh. It is named for the McIn- “Salvador Mackintosh met his future wife Esther in tosh brothers, William, Donald and John, who Texas and after a couple of years they moved to came from Scotland to herd sheep in the late Denver looking for better job opportunities. For 1880s. They also brought in a number of Scots 18 years, Salvador worked for the Armour Meat employees who all later became independent Company while Esther raised their seven children. flock masters. “In 1945 they moved the family into a little house at William McIntosh achieved local fame for his 3036½ Downing Street, next door to the First Galilee Scots managers, his wool barns and his elegant Baptist School and Church. When the Denver shearing parties (featuring dancing, pianola and

www.wise-fhs.org W.I.S.E. Words ~- 52 -~ July, August, September 2011 splendid foods), plus a distinct fondness for the bot- the homepage, click on the bold link beginning tle. Rumor had it that he would ride into nearby with “Enter this large collection …”, then click Estancia and get drunk, whereupon the bartender either the “Wales” underlined link, or the map of would load him in his buggy and have the horses Wales. Once in the Wales section, you will find take him home. links to each of the 13 historic counties as well Estancia Valley Scots herders occasionally sported as to generic Welsh information. The amount of kilts while watching over their sheep. Familiarity information that has been amassed is truly amaz- with sheep raising also offered an entry into local ing, so I encourage you to sit down with a cup of New Mexico Hispanic society. Consequently, there tea and explore! were a number of Scots-Hispanic marriages in the National Library of Wales: (http://www. Estancia region, descendants of whom live there to llgc.org.uk). On the homepage, click the “Eng- this day. lish” link, then (near the top of the page), click “Family History”, then (left-hand navigation Naturally, some of the people who have descended bar) “Search Archival Databases”. Free access is from these Scottish-Mexican marriages would not provided for the Gaol Files 1730-1830 (exclud- necessarily have Scottish surnames, but also Spanish ing Monmouthshire), index for marriage licenses surnames.□ 1616-1837, manorial documents register, and the index to wills proved in the Welsh ecclesiastical courts before 1858. Unfortunately, baptisms, Websites for the Wise marriages, marriage bonds, burials and other --Wales diocesan records are not available online. You --Linda Pearce may find additional records at the National Archives (www.nationalarchives.gov.uk); use Helô! In this issue, the spotlight shines on some ge- the following link to go directly to the cata- nealogical resources for Wales. Our thanks go out to logues and online records lists / links (http:// Nancy Craig and James Jeffrey for their valuable www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/catalogue contributions. Diolch! (Thanks!) s-and-online-records.htm). Before reviewing our online picks, I wanted to men- Origins.net: (www.origins.net) is inclusive of tion two print (gasp!) resources which are particular- England and Wales with records from 1208- ly well-regarded. The first is Genealogical Research 1948. It is a paid site, but you can purchase in England and Wales, vol. 3, by David E Gardner 72 consecutive hours of access for only £8 which is an outstanding resource for English and (about $16), so it pays to make a list with names Welsh handwriting help; it is available at the Denver and dates for data you are searching for, and Public Library. Secondly are the “bibles” for Welsh then subscribe for the 72 hour period. You may family history and research – three books by John also go to the Denver Public library and access and Sheila Rowlands – Welsh Family History: a the site for free on its computers. Welsh records Guide to Research, Second Stages in Researching at “Origins” include the census for 1841, 1861, Welsh Ancestry, and Surnames of Wales; these books 1871 (with images), London Apprenticeship are available at the libraries in Denver and Colorado abstracts for children from all over Britain, Springs. And now, on to our Welsh website “picks.” Inheritance Disputes index, Wales 1895 GENUKI: (www.genuki.org.uk) is a volunteer-run, Gazetteer maps, outgoing passenger lists from free website that has an extensive collection of re- 1890, and vintage photos. sources for Wales, Scotland, England, Ireland, the FamilySearch: (www.familysearch.org ) LDS Isle of Man, and the Channel Islands. Its mission is site for free access to records. From the home to collect primary historical resources, not family page, under the “Browse by Location” title, click trees, but there are links to other websites where you the link for “Europe” to see a list of all databases can find family information and post queries. From dealing with Europe. Scroll down to find the www.wise-fhs.org W.I.S.E. Words ~- 53 -~ July, August, September 2011 databases for Wales (Births & Baptisms 1541-1907; quark-parton structure of the proton and neutron Deaths & Burials 1586-1885, Marriages 1541-1900). in 1968 – a discovery for which the 1990 Nobel To the right of each database title you can see the Prize in Physics was awarded. As a result of this date created or updated; these databases are constant- experiment, existing scientific theories were ly being added to, so it’s advisable to check back blown away, so to speak. The quark is now be- frequently. Click on the database you are interested lieved to be the most fundamental building block in, enter your ancestor’s information, then click the of the universe. Diane is very proud of her mod- “Search” button. est husband’s achievement. Ancestry.com: www.Ancestry.co.uk and Ancestry LibraryEdition, available for free at the Denver and Pikes Peak libraries, have extensive Britain/Wales data sets, or you can pay (annually) for the world subscription. Ancestry also offers a 14 day free trial, so you might gather your questions and data and then try the 14-day trial. Since Welsh immigrants to the U.S. usually settled in communities, it may be helpful to contact the genealogical society for the county in which your ancestor lived. Counties with large Welsh communi- ties include: Philadelphia, Chester, Bucks, Luzerne, Lackawanna and Schuylkill, Pennsylvania; Howard, Iowa; Blue Earth, Minnesota; Gage, Nebraska; Oneida, New York; and Jefferson, Wisconsin.□

Member Profiles --Cindy Stewart Murphy

Diane Barbour and David Coward have been David Coward and Diane Barbour pause during W.I.S.E. Family History Society members for three a hike in the Antarctica, one of their many trips. years. Diane currently serves on the W.I.S.E. board as hospitality chair. There must have been a little Diane, too, is an outside-the-box dynamo. She seismic jolt the day they joined our society because met her future husband through a little white lie. this Broomfield couple exudes a lot of energy – and Some women shave a few years off their ages, all of it positive. but Diane wanted to join a seniors’ ski club, so she added a few years! That’s where she and David, in fact, specializes in the field of high energy David met and enjoyed an active lifestyle of physics. Now physicist emeritus at Stanford Univer- skiing, hiking and biking. sity, he can often be found working at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research in Until a decade ago, researching their family his- Switzerland. To a non-physicist, interpreting David’s tories had never crossed this couple’s minds. But curriculum vitae is a daunting task, but much easier then “the letter” arrived. David phoned Diane than understanding any of the more than 140 scien- from Switzerland one evening and she told him tific articles he has published in refereed physics that she had received a “crazy” letter stating that journals. One historic moment, however, stands she might be in line for an inheritance, if she out in his distinguished physics career. David was were willing to split the money with a genealog- a senior member in a small group of young ical search firm in the U.K. We all dream of a physicists at Stanford and MIT who discovered the long-lost relative leaving us money, but Diane,

www.wise-fhs.org W.I.S.E. Words ~- 54 -~ July, August, September 2011 naturally, thought this must be a scam. David did a If you can trace your ancestry to one of these little digging and learned that this London firm was colonists and then across the ocean to their an- legitimate. After being treated to tea and cookies by a cestors, you might like a book recently added to company case worker on a subsequent visit to the genealogy collection of the Denver Public London, Diane was given photocopies of documents Library. It’s Blood Royal From the Time of relating to her great-great-grandfather. It was another Alexander the Great to Queen Elizabeth II, relative who had died intestate with no heirs that had compiled for her Golden Jubilee in 2002 by a spurred this international search for other living rela- nimble genealogist, Charles Mosley. It names tives. Diane didn’t even own a computer at that time, thousands of her cousins, many of whom could but these ancestral documents lit the fires of family be your cousins, too. history interest in her and she overcame her tech- I say nimble because the author is thoroughly reluctance to start documenting her own family comfortable rambling through the thousands of research. names and relationships – Diane, though physically petite, doesn’t do things on much more so than any WISE a small scale. After moving from Summit County, member I’ve ever met. I say she joined the Anthem Ranch Genealogy Club, of you may like the book because which she is currently vice president. Diane even- it suffers from TMI – too tually decided to go pro with her interest in genealo- much information. It’s hefty gy. She is studying online with the National Institute and dense, and Mosley has of Genealogical Studies, University of St. Michael’s devised a generational num- College in the University of Toronto. She has com- bering system that is all but pleted her 14 courses in methods “with distinction” incomprehensible. Furthermore, he covers gene- and is working on her U.S. and Scotland certifica- alogies not only of the familiar British mo- tions. Diane expects to graduate in May 2012 narchs, but of anybody ever identified as a Brit- and she is deeply grateful for David’s support in ish sovereign, including Romans, Anglo-Saxons, her ambitious academic endeavor. Diane claims Vikings and even Oliver Cromwell. Bastards are that certified genealogist Julie Miller, also of included. Broomfield, is her idol and Beverly Rice is her Perhaps the best feature of this handsome book favorite instructor.□ with a dazzling color portrait of the queen on the cover is Mosley’s description of each set of ru- lers. He doesn’t hold back on his remarkable Book Review store of knowledge and insights into each, speaking mostly to equally erudite Brits who can Royal cousins by the dozens and dozens and . . . appreciate his commentary. He might seem ar- Charles Mosley, Blood Royal From the Time of rogant and flashy, but rich detail hides in that Alexander the Great to Queen Elizabeth II, London small type. and Bournemouth, England: Smith’s Peerage What’s in it for WISE members? Believe it: Limited, 2002. One in a series initiated by the Many of us are cousins of the Manorial Society of Great Britain. and some at least have used American sources to No W.I.S.E. member truly was expecting a gilded establish a link. If you’re one of these, and don’t summons to the grand event, but some of us are, in- mind digging through tons of musty data, you deed, distant cousins of the prince. At least 40 mil- may find fascinating details of your British lines. lion Americans supposedly descend from medieval You can’t just jump in, though – you must know British royalty, as William does. If you descend from the name of your immigrant ancestor and his or colonial English settlers, the likelihood is fairly high her ancestors. Mosley includes only the most that you are a cousin of the prince, and his parents, famous Americans, such as presidents, among grandparents and so on. the royals’ cousins.

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If you haven’t made the leap, but do have early further your genealogical research is spending a colonial ancestry, you’d be advised to concentrate week at the Family History Library. The am- first on published U.S. sources, which you must take biance, to say nothing of the fabulous resources, with healthy skepticism. That’s because many of cannot be matched anywhere in the world. And those genealogies are old, written and published be- that includes cyberspace.□ fore we had the Internet, DNA testing and the high level of proof generally required today. A recom- mended starting place is a highly respected source, Classes in England Research Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to New England Between 1623 and 1650, by Frederick W.I.S.E. Family History Society and the Denver Lewis Weis. It’s now in the eighth edition and it has Public Library will present intermediate-level a new title, Ancestral Roots of Certain American classes on England research on five consecutive Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700. Fridays, beginning July 8. Classes will meet in My husband, Jack Lappin, is a descendant of several the Gates Room on the fifth floor of Central early colonists. Relying on Weis and other sources, DPL, from 10:15 a.m. to noon. These sessions many years ago I discovered his alleged link to will employ an unusual format -- each week royalty. It goes through the maternal line of one participants will view a 30-minute online video Katherine Marbury Scott, sister of the famous Anne produced by the Family History Library to be Marbury Hutchinson. It takes him directly back to followed by discussion led by an experienced King Henry II, also an ancestor of Prince William. W.I.S.E. researcher. A $5 materials fee will be Blood Royal was a challenge, but we eventually charged for each session. Class dates and topics ferreted out his ancestry in Mosley’s heavy prose. are as follows: It’s not proved to my standard of confidence, July 8 – Research Overview however. Not only is proof lacking – that’s beyond its scope – but Blood Royal has no index. That’s vir- July 15 – Census Records tually an unforgivable fault. Still, it merits your time July 22 – Civil Registration if you have a taste for the purple. July 29 – Church Records – Zoe von Ende Lappin□ August 5 – Find Your Ancestors Salt Lake City Research Trip For more information or to register, contact --Zoe von Ende Lappin Sandy Ronayne at [email protected] or 303.750.5002. W.I.S.E. reserves the right to Fourteen W.I.S.E. members and three non-members limit class size. participated in our trip to the Family History Library in May in Salt Lake City. Four travelers were first- time visitors to the FHL. We had a get-acquainted In Memoriam luncheon in Denver in advance and an orientation program at the library on our first morning of W.I.S.E. member Beverly Jo (BJ) Miller of research. And, of course, the knowledgeable and Colorado Springs passed away on April 21, friendly staff is always eager to help and give you 2011. BJ had visited the British Isles many pointers for advancing your research. In the next is- times. Her ashes will be scattered near Ross sue of W.I.S.E. Words, researchers will share some of Castle on the shore of Killarney's Lower Lake in their experiences and success stories. Ireland. We are now taking suggestions for dates for our Eleanor M. Jones of Boulder, a longtime 2012 research trip. This year’s trip strengthened the W.I.S.E. member, died May 5, 2011, in Boulder; belief that the single greatest move you can make to she was 91.□

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W.I.S.E. Program Schedule

24 September British Isles Research at the Denver Public Library – James K. Jeffrey 1:30 p.m. James will discuss the hidden resources and treasures for British Isles Denver Public Library research at the Central Denver Public Library. James, a W.IS.E. member, 7th Floor is the collection specialist in genealogy at the Denver Public Library.

Scottish Research Seminar -- Barbara Baker, AG® 15 October Barbara, a consultant from the Family History Library, will present four 9:00 a.m. one-hour topics on Scottish Research: Do Your Home Work: Exhausting Denver Public Library Home and U.S. / Canadian Sources; Scotland on the Internet: How Lower Level Online Resources Can Help You; Faith of Our Fathers: an In-Depth Conference Center Look at Scottish Church Records; and Going to Court: Scottish Land, (use east entrance) Probate, and Other Court Records. See the registration form at the W.I.S.E. website, www.wise-fhs.org.

How I Transcribed a Testament (Will) of 1570 – Dorothy Coltrin 3 December Dorothy, a W.I.S.E. member, will discuss what it took to transcribe 1:30 p.m. “secretary hand” used in the 16th century of Scotland. She will describe Denver Public Library various individuals and websites who helped create a modern version 7th Floor of the will and decipher the family structure of Rolland Acoltrane, Mochrum Parish, Wigtownshire, Scotland.□

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