42 MUSIC

8.2 Instrumental tuition Where instrumental tuition is provided, explore the importance of children sharing their music speciality with others as part of classroom music-making as well as making music as individuals. Note that peripatetic provision is changing radically at the moment. In some areas, it is moving from local education authority control to privately organised provision.

8.3 Choirs, bands, Choirs, bands and orchestras are just as important as the football team! Explore possible links between primary and secondary schools so these activities can prosper. It may be necessary to agitate for resources to be set aside for this more specialised work, since out-of-school time activities are not easy to provide these days, though they are still very important.

8.4 Special needs Music is a powerful medium for children with all kinds of special needs. For example, it may be a means of communication for the autistic child, a means of expression for the physically disabled (especially with the use of information technology), or something that the less able child can participate in fully on equal terms with hidher peers.

8.5 Gifted children Where you identlFy special musical interest or skill, get advice from a music specialist and encourage the parents to explore opportunities in the locality for provid.ing extra tuition and advice. Encourage the child to use his/her musical ability in the class music sessions as much as possible.

Listening lists

General listening The first list is a general one in chronological order - from the sixteenth to the twentieth century. ltaenahsance &ace music: (many reconddngs). Lively rhythmic music on unusual instruments. The Four Seasons: Vivddi. The shivering and shaking of Winter is especially attractive. Brandenbung Concerto No. 2: J. S. Bach. Cheerful and bright textures. Horn Cmcerto No. 3 (Itondoh IMIozmL Not the Flanders and Swan version, but just as merry! hs&dSymphony (No. 6): Beethoven. Countryside music with birdsong and a thunderstorm. William Tell OverQure:RossM Storms, yodelling and triumph. 5 IllUSTRATlVE EXAMPlES OF TWO CROSSCURRICULAR PROJECTS 43

Fantasy Impromptu: Chopin. Scintillating music. Hebrides Overture (Fingal's Cave): Mendelssohn. Seascapes in the north of Scotland. Symphonie Fantastique: Berlioz. Thunderstorm, a ball, and a witches' sabbath. The Ride of the Valkyries: Wagner. Lady warriors on horseback. Nutcracker Suite: Tchaikovsky. Colourful ballet music that includes the 'Fruit and nut'. Vltava: Smetana. The story of a Bohemian river from source to mouth. Peer Gynt Suite: Grieg. Includes the well-known 'Morning' and 'In the hall of the Mountain King'. L'Arlessieme: Bizet. All good tuneful pieces, especially 'Carillon' and 'Farandole'. Slavonic Dances: Dvorak. Tuneful and rhythmic. New World Symphony (No. 9): Dvorak Second movement starts with the playing the famous spiritual (Hovis!). Carnival of the Animals: Saint-Saens. Short descriptive pieces (some quite humorous) of birds, beasts and fishes. Dame Macabre: Saint-Saens. The devil plays the and summons skeletons from graves. Music for Strings, Percussion and Celeste: Bartok Third movement is atmospheric 'night music'. Suite - MaryJanos: Kodaly. Sneezes, Viennese clocks .. . Daphnis and Chloe - Suite No. 2: Ravel. Represents a glorious dawn, sumptuous orchestration. The Rite of Spring: Stravlnsky. Evocative opening leads to a wild primitive dance. The Planets: Holst. Evocative representations including Mars, the bringer of war, strident and disturbing. Kafflia Suite: Sibelius. Colourful music conjuring up the cold wastes of Finland. Fantasia on Greensleeves: Vaughan WUhns. Orchestral treatment of the traditional theme. Sinfonia Antarctica: Vaughan WUams. Originally written for the film about Scott. Try the very end which uses a wind machine. Summertime (from Porgy and Bess): Gershwin. Luxuriant song in a jazzy idiom. 44 MUSIC

The !hmerea's Apprentice: Dukas. A magic spell leads to a flooded workshop. Variations on a Nursery Rhyme: Dohnanyi. Often humorous treatment based on the tune, 'Twinkle, twinkle, little star'. Dhedssemenk Ibert. A mad helter-skelter of traffic, punctuated by the whistles of a harassed gendarme! Rdm:C~plmd Cowboy music (especially 'Hoe-Down'). Pon%smnouthPoink Walton The bustle of a port with shanty-like themes. The Young Person's Gdde Qo the Bdtten Introduces the instruments of the orchestra. Sea hter]Lucks(from ~e~erGrhesP: BaHtten 'Dawn' and 'Storm' are particularly good. Spamlacus (Adagio): Khatchatwhn Imposing music which has made effective sea music on film. West Side §to- Elemstein Musical based on a modern Romeo and Juliet story. Prelude, Fugue and Ws: Bermtein Virtuoso orchestral piece that exploits jazz techniques. ~~to Tim O'Shanter: AmokU A drunken horseman comesupon a convention of witches and a riotous pursuit ensues! 'l'huenn* for the Victims: PenderwM A sound collage of the Hiroshima bomb. mag3 Bedo Electronics and voice create a weird hysterical atmosphere. ~BB~Be&: Oldfield Twelve-track recording used to produce intriguing effects. Et Moms Plango: Harvey Electronic treatment of cathedral bells and a boy's voice. The Ccmksbn of bokB G~wdie:Macdlh, James A vivid twentieth century response to the historical persecution of witches. The following lists .- in alphabetical order of composer - are not intended to be comprehensive. They are based on a small selection of topics which might assist planning in the classroom.

Circus music

Kabalevsky The Comedians Smetana The Acrobats Stravinsky Circus Polka Stravinsky Petrushka 8 POSTSCRIPT 45

The following sound like or are related to the circus mood or occasion.

Bizet Galop: Jeux d'Enfants Chopin Minute Waltz Ibert Divertissement Offenbach Can-Can: Orpheus in the Underworld Prokofiev Lieutenant Kije Rimsky-Korsakov Flight of the Bumble Bee Rossini (arr. Britten) Soirees Musicales Tchaikovsky Nutcracker Suite Walton Movements from Facade

Include brass band music and the music of the Strauss family.

'Grand occasion ' music

Elgar Pomp and Circumstance 1-4 Rossini Overture: The Thieving Magpie Sibelius Karelia Suite Tchaikovsky Symphony No. 5, fourth movement Wagner Overture: The Mastersingers

Try the music from the Bamum musical.

Machines

Bartok Concerto for Orchestra Goodman Royal Garden Blues Haydn Symphony No. 101, second movement (Clock) Holst The Planets (Mars) Honegger Pacific 231 Kodaly Suite - Hary Janos mennese Clock) Mendelssohn Overture: Midsummer Night's Dream Novaceck Perpetuum Mobile Penderecki Symphony (opening) Rossini Overture: William Tell (last section) Susato The Battle Varese Ionisation Varese Hyperprism Villa-Lobos Little Train from Caipaira

Many of the above were chosen simply because they have strong repeating rhythms. Try some of the minimalist composers for intriguing repetitive ostinati, e.g. Steve Reich, Philip Glass, Michael Nyman, John Adams, and the music of Ligeti and Mike Oldfield. 46 MUSIC

Nonsense

Arnold, Malcolm Overture: Tam 0' Shanter Crosse Meet My Folks Flanders and Swan At the Drop of Another Hat Gilbert and Sullivan Mikado's song: Let the Punishment... Gilbert and Sullivan Nightmare song: Iolanthe Hoffnung Music Festivals Ibert Divertissement (finale) Kodaly Suite - Hary Janos (Battle, etc.) Mozart Birdcatcher's song: The Magic Rossini Duet for Two Cats

Mysteries

Bartok Music for Strings, Percussion Celeste Berio Visages Berlioz Symphonie Fantastique, third movement Britten The Turn of the Screw Dukas Sorcerer's Apprentice Falla (Ritual Fire Dance) Mahler Symphony No. 1, third movement Mussorgsky A Night on the Bare Mountain Purcell Dido and Aeneas (The Witches Scene) Stravinsky Firebird Suite, third and fourth movements Stravinsky The Soldier's ale Weber Der Freischiitz (Act 2, Scene 2)

Nature

Beethoven Symphony No. 6 (Pastoral) Berlioz Symphonie Fantastique, third movement Daquin Le Coucou Debussy L'Apres-midi d'un Faun Delius On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring Delius Summer Night on the River Flanders and Swan Captain Noah and his Floating Zoo Gibbons The Silver Swan Haydn The Creation Jarre, J. M. Oxygene IV Josquin El Grillo (The Cricket) Mahler Symphony No. 1, first movement Messiaen Oiseaux Exotiques Prokofiev Peter and the Wolf Ravel Suite - Daphnis et Chloe (opening) Tavener, John The Whale Saints-Saens Carnival of the Animals Vivaldi The Four Seasons Other relevant types of works about nature include incantation pieces such as 'The Flight of the Condor' and 'songs from the shows', for example, Oklahoma, Dr Dolittle, Cats etc.

World music and iazz In both of these fields there are many recordings available, for example, Musical Instruments of the World, The Best of Incantation, Jazz Club Mainstream, The Story of Dixieland, CompactJazz, The Unfoeettable Duke Ellington. Explore the local record libraries, many of which hold collections of world and ethnic music from Indonesia, Africa, South America, Asia etc.

Reading and resource books

General reading GLOVER, J. and WARD, S. (eds) (1993) Teaching Music in the Prima ry School, London, Cassell. HARGREAVES, D. J. (1986) The Developmental Psychology of Music, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. MILLS, J. (1991) Music in the Primary School, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. REIMER, G. (1989) A Philosophy of Music Education, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall. SWANWICK, K. (1992) A Basis forMusic Education, London, Routledge. SWANWICK, K. (1988) Music, Mind and Education, London, Routledge. TAMBLING, P. (1990) Per$orming Arts in the Primary School, Oxford, Blackwells.

Journals HOMFRAY, T. (ed.) Music Teachet; London, Rheingold. PAYNTER, J. (ed.) and SWANWICK, K. BritishJournal of Music Education, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. WORSDALE, A. (ed.) Arts Education, Charlbury, Oxford, National Foundation for Arts Education.

Course books ADDISON, R. (1987) Bright Ideas, Leamington Spa, Scholastic. BIRD, W. and BENNET, E. (1988) Music All the Eme, Chester, Teacher and Pupil Books. CLARKE, V. (1989) Music through Topics, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. DAVIES, L. (ed.) (1986) Oxford Primary Music Course, Oxford, Oxford University Press. GILBEIIT, J. (1979) Topic Anthologies, Oxford, Oxford University Press. MUSIC

GILBERT, J.(1986:) Festivals, Oxford, Oxford University Press. GILBERT, J. (1984;) Musical Starting Points with Young Children, London, Ward Lock. KEMPTON, C. (1990) Intmducing Music at Key Stage 1, Crediton, Southgate. KEMPTON, C. (1992) Developing Music at Key Stage 2, Crediton, Southgate. MILLS, J. (1991) i)/Iusic in the Primary School, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. SILVER, L. and OHMAN, I., (1986) Music is Fun, Oxford, Oxford University Press. THOMPSON, D. and BAXTER, K. (1978) PompaleerieJig, Leeds, Arnold- Wheaton. TILLMAN, J. (1981) Exploring Sounds, London, Galliard. VARIOUS AUTHORS, (1990) Silver Burdett and Ginn Music, (Teacher and Pupil Volumes), Morristown, N.J., Silver Burdett and Ginn. YORK, M. (1988) Gently into Music, Harlow, Longman.

Song books The following are all published by A. and C. Black, London. Alleluia (1980). Apusskidu (1975). Birds and Beasts (1987). Come and Praise (1980). Count Me In (1984). Flying Amund (1982) [Rounds]. Harlequin (1981). High Low Dolly Pepper (1990). Okki-Tokki-Unga (1976).

Mango Spice (1981). Merrily to Bethlehem (1978). Phantasmagoria (:1989). Someone Singing Lord (1979). Strawberry Fair (11385). The Jolly Herring ('1980). Tinder Box (1982). BAGENAL, A. and M. (1979) This Merry Company, Oxford, Oxford University Press. LISTENING LISTS 49

COMBES, D. (1987) Trig Tmg, (Songs from the BBC), Oxford, Oxford University Press. COMBES, D. (1987) Zmm! Zmm!, (Songs from the BBC), Oxford, Oxford University Press. TILLMAN, J. (1985) Mrs. Macaroni, London, Macmillan.

References

BAXTER, K. and THOMPSON, D. (1988) PompaleerieJig, Leeds, E. J. Arnold. BENTLEY, A. (1966) Musical Ability in Childen and its Measu~ment, London, Harrap. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE (1991) Geography in the National Curriculum (England), London, HMSO. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE (1991) Hbtory in the National Curriculum (England), London, HMSO. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE (1992) Music in the National Curriculum (England), London, HMSO. DEPARTMENT FOR EDUCATION (1995) Key Stages 1 and 2 of the National Cum'culum, London, HMSO. ELLIS, P. (1993) Curriculum Course - Arts Education Department, Coventry, University of Warwick. ELLIS, P. (1993) Designing Sound, (Software and Hardbook), Oxford, NFAE (National Foundation for Arts Education). GLOVER, J. and WARD, S. (eds) (1993) Teaching Music in the Primary School, London, Cassell. HOLDSTOCK, J. (1986) Earwiggo Books 1-6, Leeds, Ray Lovely. HUGHES, T. (1988) Moonwhales and otherpoems, London, Faber. JACKSON, R. and STARKINGS, D. (eds) (1991) The Junior RE Handbook, London, Stanley Thornes. JOHN, T. (1991) Curriculum Project on Simon de Montfort, Coventry, University of Warwick. MILLS, J. (1991) Music in the Prima ry School, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. THOMPSON, D. and WINFIELD, S. (1984) Dr: Knickerbockeq London, Schott.