Wines of the World VWT 136 Unit 4 Week 2
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Wines of the World VWT 136 Unit 4 Week 2 David Stevens, Instructor Unit 4 - Week 2 Burgundy – The Home of the Heartbreak Grapes It's a naive domestic Burgundy without any breeding, but I think you'll be amused by its presumption. - James Thurber, (1894 – 1961) American Humorist Plan of Study • Burgundy – Maps – LCBO Video (x 3) • Break & Attendance • Burgundy – Some Thoughts • Tasting – Too many wines • Woo Hoo! Burgundy The Home of the Heartbreak Grapes There are many ways to the recognition of truth, and Burgundy is one of them. - Isak Dinesen (1885-1962), Danish Author France Bourgogne-Franche-Comté and Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Regions Yonne, Côte-d’Or, Saône-et-Loire, and Rhône Departments Auxerre, Avallon, Beaune, Chalon-sur-Saône, Mâcon, and Villefranche-sur-Saône Arrondissements Burgundy Wine Region Chablis, Côte-d'Or, Côte Chalonnaise, Mâconnais, Beaujolais And Now Several Words from our Friends at the Burgundy in Numbers (not including Beaujolais) • Area of Vineyards: 71,800 acres 602,000 • Production: ~183 million bottles 2,856 million • Number of AoC: 84 107+ • Number of Growers: 3,900+ 5,900 • Red Wine: 28% • White Wine: 61% • Sparkling Wine: 11% • Volume of Production (Worldwide): 0.4% • Value of Production (Worldwide): 2.8% Beaujolais in Numbers (not including Burgundy) • Area of Vineyards: 26,000 acres 602,000 71,800 • Production: ~130 million bottles 2,856 million 183 • Number of AoC: 12 107+ 84 • Number of Growers: 3,000+ 5,900 3,900+ • Red Wine: 99% 28% • White Wine: 1% 61% • Cases 2001 Beaujolais Nouveaux axed: 1 million+ • Producers fined in 2014 for over Chaptalization: 53 Burgundy Wine Region Eastern Facing Slopes • Dijon in the North • Lyon South • “côte” = slope or hill Burgundy Wine Region Latitude • Roughly the same Latitude as Seattle and Ulaanbaatar (Capital of Mongolia) Weather of Burgundy City of Beaune Temperature Rainfall and Rain Days 25 days 25°C = 77°F 100 mm = 4.0 inches Weather of Burgundy City of Beaune Wind Speed Sun Hours and Sun Days 6 days Red Grapes of Burgundy (not including Beaujolais) Red Grape Varieties by • Pinot noir Vineyard Area • Gamay Pinot noir Gamay Red Grapes of Beaujolais (not including Burgundy) Red Grape Varieties by • Pinot noir Vineyard Area • Gamay Pinot noir Gamay White Grapes of Burgundy (not including Beaujolais) White Grape Varieties by • Chardonnay Vineyard Area • Aligoté Chardonnay Aligoté White Grapes of Beaujolais (not including Burgundy) White Grape Varieties by • Chardonnay Vineyard Area Chardonnay The Golden Rule of Burgundy The most important thing I ever learned about Burgundy is that there are always exceptions to every rule – and here’s one: … the classifications of wine that apply to Burgundy? Well they don’t apply in Chablis. -Hilarie Larson, Wine Writer Burgundy Chablis Chablis Classification • Petit Chablis – ~1,500 acres – Produced in outlying areas, often hill tops – Stainless Steel fermentation and aging • Chablis – 7,000 acres – Produced from hillside vineyards near the village of Chablis – Stainless Steel fermentation and aging • Chablis Premier Cru – 15% of Chablis Production – 40 parcels • 1,850 acres – South-East facing vineyards – Use of oak remains controversial • Chablis Grand Cru (1938) – 3% of Chablis production – 7 parcels • 250 acres – South-West facing vineyards – Increasing use of oak storage and fermentation Chablis Classification “Petit Chablis is for drinking with strangers, Chablis you open when friends come round, Premier Cru is for when you have family and Grand Cru is for you to share with just your partner… or when they have gone to bed.” - Chablis Saying Chablis • Halfway between Paris and the Côte d’Or • 12,000 Planted Vineyard Acres • Chardonnay first planted 1100’s • Chablis Grand Crus come exclusively from one hillside near the village of Chablis Burgundy Classification Bourgogne AoP Village AoP Premier Cru AoP + Village Grand Cru AoP Burgundy Classification Burgundy Classification • Bourgogne or Regional AoP – 52% of production – From vineyards anywhere in Burgundy – Bourgogne Rouge or Bourgogne Blanc • Village or Communal AoP – 37% of production – From vineyards near the villages for which they are named • Premier Cru with Village AoP or 1er Cru – 10% of production – From “recognized” vineyards usually above the villages for which they are named • Grand Cru AoP – 1% of production – 33 Grand Cru vineyards – Often surrounded by a wall = “clos” Burgundy Côte-d'Or The Côte-d'Or • 30 miles long by 2 miles wide • Côte de Nuits – Named after major town, Nuits-St-George – Principal Village appellations (North to South) • Gevrey-Chambertin, Morey-St-Denis, Chambolle-Musigny, Vougeot, Vosne- Romanée, Flagey-Échézeaux, and Nuits-St-Georges – Mostly Pinot noir vineyards – Home to some of the most expensive red wine in the world • The village of Vosne-Romanée is surrounded by 16 Premier Cru and 8 Grand Cru Pinot noir vineyards The Côte-d'Or • Côte de Beaune – Named after major town, Beaune – Principal Village appellations (North to South) • Corton and Corton-Charlemagne, Beaune, Pommard, Volnay, Meursault, Puligny-Montrachet, and Chassagne-Montrachet – Mix of Pinot noir (North) and Chardonnay (South) vineyards – Home to some of the most expensive white wine in the world • The village of Chassagne-Montrachet is surrounded by 50 Premier Cru and 3 Grand Cru Chardonnay vineyards Burgundy Côte Chalonnaise Côte Chalonnaise • Côte Chalonnaise – 15 miles long by 4 miles wide – Named after major town, Chalon-sur-Saône – Principal Village appellations (North to South) • Bouzeron, Rully, Mercurey, Givry, and Montagny – Pinot noir, Chardonnay, and Aligoté vineyards – Produces both still and sparkling wines – Produces wines of significant value Burgundy Mâconnais Mâconnais • Mâconnais – 30 miles long by 9 miles wide – Named after major town, Mâcon – Not just East facing slopes as the Saône River flows through region – Principal appellations • Mâcon (red or white) • Mâcon-Village (white) • Mâcon + one of 42 villages (white) – Macon-Viré, Macon-Lugny, Macon-Clessé, Macon-Prissé, and Macon- Chardonnay • Mâcon Superieur (red or white) • Pouilly-Fuissé (white) wine can come from any of 7 villages – Pouilly, Fuissé, Chaintré, Solutré, and Vergisson Burgundy Beaujolais Beaujolais Beaujolais • 30 miles long by 9 miles wide • Named after the town of Beaujeu in the Rhône – Given to the Duchy of Burgundy in 1400 – Considered by Burgundians as a “vins du Rhône” • Vineyards of almost entirely of Gamay – Ripens earlier, easier to grow, higher yield that Pinot noir – Outlawed (1395) by Philippe the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, calling it “full of horrible harshness” and “very bad and disloyal”. – Outlawed again (1455) by Philippe the Good, Duke of Burgundy, who said, “The Dukes of Burgundy are known as the lords of the best wines in Christendom. We will maintain our reputation” Beaujolais • Semi-Carbonic Maceration – Method of fermentation common in Nouveau, Beaujolais AoC, and Beaujolais-Villages AoC – Whole clusters are put in large fermenters (1,000 to 8,000 gal) that are filled with CO2 gas – Gravity crushes fruit on the bottom and it begins a traditional yeast fermentation, providing more CO2 – Fruit in upper level of the tank begin an enzymatic breakdown • Produces little alcohol, few red pigmented phenolic compounds (anthocyanins and tannins) and many unique aroma compounds – Strawberry, damp hay/silage – Must is pressed after a couple of days and yeast fermentation completes Beaujolais • Famous for Beaujolais Noveau – Originally a vin de l'année to celebrate the end of the harvest – "Le Beaujolais nouveau est arrivé! changed to "It's Beaujolais Nouveau Time!" – Released world wide at 12:01 AM on the Third Thursday of November – Term invented by negociant George Duboeuf – About 30% of regions production sold as Beaujolais Noveau – Often feature extremely “colorful” labels Beaujolais • Appellations – Beaujolais AoC • Wine from anywhere in the region • Most sold as Beaujolais Noveau – Beaujolais-Villages AoC • From 39 villages in the North of the Beaujolais region • Some Beaujolais Noveau • Most released in the March after the harvest • Consumed young – “Bistro Wine” – Cru Beaujolais • From 10 villages in the foothills (North to South) – Saint-Amour, Juliénas, Chénas, Moulin-à-Vent, Fleurie, Chiroubles, Morgon, Régnié, Brouilly, and Côte de Brouilly • No Beaujolais Noveau Next Week Three for the Price of One • The Alsace – Caught Between Civilizations • The Rhône Valley – All About Diversity • Exam 4 - “Other Wine Regions”, France and Bordeaux, Burgundy, The Alsace and The Rhône Valley Wines of Burgundy • Flight 1 * Beaujolais – Georges Duboeuf, Beaujolais–Village Nouveau AoC, 2017 – Mathon, Morgon AoC, 2013 Wines of Burgundy • Flight 2 * White Burgundy – Louis Max Beaucharme, Bourgogne AoC, 2015 – Joseph Drouhin, Puligny-Montrachet AoC, 2015 – William Fevre Champs Royaux, Chablis AoC, 2015 Wines of Burgundy • Flight 3 * Red Burgundy – Gérard Raphet Les Grand Champs, Bourgogne AoC, 2015 – Domaine Forey Père & Fils, Vosne-Romanée AoC, 2014 – Maison Morey-Coffinet, Premiers Cru-Les Cloux, Rully AoC, 2015 – Pierre Bourée Fils, Premiers Cru-Champeaux, Gevrey-Chambertin AoC, 2000 – Gérard Raphet, Grand Cru-Clos Vougeot, Clos Vougeot AoC, 2014.