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Observational Astrophysics Lab Manual Lab 1
1 P139 - Observational Astrophysics Lab Manual Lab 1: Deriving the Mass of Jupiter or Saturn Professor T. Smecker-Hane Version 4.0 Sept 25, 2007 1 Introduction The mass of a planet can be determined by measuring the orbital period, τ, the time it takes to complete one orbit, and the orbital radius, A, a constant assuming the orbit is circular, of one of its moons. Doing this independently for a number of moons rather than just one allows you to decrease the error in your derived mass. For Jupiter, there are four easily observable moons. Listed in order from smallest to largest A are: Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. These are commonly referred to as the Galilean moons, because Galileo discovered them in 1610. For Saturn, there are five easily observable moons. Listed in order from smallest to largest A are: Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, Rhea and Titan. 2 Theoretical Framework for the Experiment Use your knowledge of Newton’s laws and classical mechanics to determine the center of mass of the system composed of a planet of mass M and a moon of mass m. Recall that the two bodies both rotate around the center of mass with the period equal to τ. Assume that the moon’s orbit is circular, and the distance between the two in the orbital plane is r and r = A, where A is a constant for a circular orbit. Now determine τ as a function of A, m and M. Next take the limit of m << M, as is the case for all the moons of Jupiter and Saturn, and determine M as a function of A and τ. -
Vol. 47, No. 2 June 2018 a New Star Appears in Europe Page 14 Journal
Online PDF: ISSN 233333-9063 Vol. 47, No. 2 June 2018 Journal of the International Planetarium Society A New Star Appears in Europe Page 14 Reach for the stars... and beyond. ZEISS powerdome IV // INSPIRATION MADE BY ZEISS True Hybrid with brilliant stars and perfect renderings from a single source ZEISS powerdome IV brings many new features to your star theater: an integrated planetarium for earthbound and extraterrestrial astronomy with seamless transitions between optical and digital star fields (True Hybrid) | The universe from Earth via the solar system and Milky Way galaxy to the very edge of the observable space | Stereo projection | 8k performance | 10 bit color depth for smooth gradients | HEVC codec for efficient video renderings free of artifacts | All constellation figures, individually and in groups without any mutual overlapping | Telescope function for deep-sky imagery applying Astronomy Visualization Metadata | Complete image set of all Messier objects | Customizable polar lights, comets with gas and dust tails, and shooting stars with a great variety of parameters for location, brightness, colors and appearance | Simulation of day and night with dusk and dawn coloring of sky and panorama images | Customizable weather effects such as clouds, rain, fog, snow, rainbow, halos, air and light pollution effects | Digital rights management to secure your productions | Remote service for quick help, and much more from the only company serving planetariums for nearly a century. www.zeiss.com/planetariums zeiss-ad_pdIV_letter_x3.indd -
Translation to the Xephem Catalog Format
Translation of Some Star Catalogs to the XEphem Format Richard J. Mathar∗ Max-Planck Institute of Astronomy, K¨onigstuhl17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany (Dated: August 28, 2020) The text lists Java programs which convert star catalogs to the format of the XEphem visualiser. The currently supported input catalog formats are (i) the data base of the orbital elements of the Minor Planet Center (MPC) of the International Astronomical Union (IAU), (ii) the data base of the Hipparcos main catalog or the variants of the Tycho-1 or Tycho-2 catalogs, (iii) the systems in the Washington Double Star catalog, (iv) the Proper Motions North and South catalogs, (v) the SKY2000 catalog, (vi) the 2MASS catalog, (vii) the Third Reference Catalog of Bright Galaxies (RC3), (viii) the General Catalogue of Variable Stars (GCVS v. 5). (ix) the Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC4). [viXra:1802.0035] PACS numbers: 95.10.Km, 95.80.+p I. AIM AND SCOPE III. INVOCATION The Java library provided here supports loading star A. MPC Ephemerides catalogs into Downey's XEphem program to populate the chart of visible objects in sections of the sky, in the format Once the program and the auxiliary data files are com- of xephem 3.7.7. piled according to AppendixA, the program is run with The envisioned use is that the translated star catalogs a command line of the form can be included in the display by using the Data!Files gunzip MPCORB.DAT.gz menue of the xephem graphical user interface (GUI), and java -cp . de.mpg.mpia.xephem.Mpc2Xeph [ -a] by clicking on the Files menue of the GUI that pops up. -
A Satellite Constellation Visualization Program for Walkers and Lattice
BOUQUET: A SATELLITE CONSTELLATION VISUALIZATION PROGRAM FOR WALKERS AND LATTICE FLOWER CONSTELLATIONS A Thesis by MANDAKH ENKH Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 2011 Major Subject: Aerospace Engineering Bouquet: A Satellite Constellation Visualization Program for Walkers and Lattice Flower Constellations Copyright 2011 Mandakh Enkh BOUQUET: A SATELLITE CONSTELLATION VISUALIZATION PROGRAM FOR WALKERS AND LATTICE FLOWER CONSTELLATIONS A Thesis by MANDAKH ENKH Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Approved by: Chair of Committee, Daniele Mortari Committee Members, John Hurtado John Junkins J. Maurice Rojas Head of Department, Dimitris Lagoudas August 2011 Major Subject: Aerospace Engineering iii ABSTRACT Bouquet: A Satellite Constellation Visualization Program for Walkers and Lattice Flower Constellations. (August 2011) Mandakh Enkh, B.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Daniele Mortari The development of the Flower Constellation theory offers an expanded framework to utilize constellations of satellites for tangible interests. To realize the full potential of this theory, the beta version of Bouquet was developed as a practical computer application that visualizes and edits Flower Constellations in a user-friendly manner. Programmed using C++ and OpenGL within the Qt software development environment for use on Windows systems, this initial version of Bouquet is capable of visualizing numerous user defined satellites in both 3D and 2D, and plot trajectories corresponding to arbitrary coordinate frames. The ultimate goal of Bouquet is to provide a viable open source alternative to commercial satellite orbit analysis programs. -
A Guide to Free Desktop Planetarium Software Resources
Touring the Cosmos through Your Computer: A Guide to Free Desktop Planetarium Software Resources Matthew McCool Southern Polytechnic SU E-mail: [email protected] Summary Key Words This paper reviews ten free software applications for viewing the cosmos Open source astronomy through your computer. Although commercial astronomy software such as Astronomy software Starry Night and Slooh make for excellent viewing of the heavens, they come Digital universes at a price. Fortunately, there is astronomy software that is not only excellent but also free. In this article I provide a brief overview of ten popular free Desktop Planetarium software programs available for your desktop computer. Astronomy Software Table 1. Ten free desktop planetarium applications. Software Computer Platform Web Address Significant strides have been made in free Asynx Windows 2000, XP, NT www.asynx-planetarium.com Desktop Planetarium software for modern commercial computers. Applications range Celestia Linux x86, Mac OS X, Windows www.shatters.net/celestia from the simple to the complex. Many of Deepsky Free Windows 95/98/Me/XP/2000/NT www.download.com/Deepsky- Free/3000-2054_4-10407765.html these astronomy applications can run on several computer platforms (Table 1). DeskNite Windows 95/98/Me/XP/2000/NT www.download.com/DeskNite/ 3000-2336_4-10030582.html Digital Universe Irix, Linux, Mac OS X, Windows www.haydenplanetarium.org/ Most amateur astronomers can meet their universe/download celestial needs using one or more of these Google Earth Linux, Mac OS X, Windows http://earth.google.com/ applications. While applications such as MHX Astronomy Helper Windows Me/XP/98/2000 www.download.com/MHX- Stellarium and Celestia provide a more or Astronomy-Helper/ less comprehensive portal to the heavens, 3000-2054_4-10625264.html more specialised programs such as Solar Solar System 3D Simulator Windows Me/XP/98/2000/NT www.download.com/ System 3D Simulator provide narrow, but Solar-System-3D-Simulator/ focused functionality. -
Candidate Paolo GALLO
POLITECNICO DI TORINO Master’s Degree in Computer Engineering Master’s Degree Thesis Development of a real-time solution for an interactive VR representation of large star catalogues Supervisors Candidate Prof. Andrea SANNA Paolo GALLO April, 2021 Abstract This thesis takes place in the context of Virtual Reality and Data Visualization techniques applied to large astronomical datasets. The goal of this work is to improve and extend the already existing Astra Data Navigator application, built with the Unity game engine, and make it capable of loading and displaying large star catalogues in a realistic and real-time 3D environment. The software was built in theVR laboratory of ALTEC - Aerospace Logistics Technology Engineering Company - while interfacing with other European projects such as NEANIAS and ESA’s Gaia mission, which is particularly relevant to this work. The catalogue of celestial objects observed by the Gaia astrometric satellite is the largest collection of stars available to date, counting over 1.8 billion entries; being able to navigate and interact with this data in 3D would be extremely useful for both scientific and educational purposes, but mostVR tools are limited to a much smaller object count and cannot be extended further. On the data management side, the application (which has an integrated star catalogue but also supports external data sources in the form of CSV files or SQL databases) offers the choice between two different modes: the user can choose to load all of the available data at startup and store it in the system memory, which requires more resources and increased loading time but then provides a seamless navigation of the 3D environment, or he can opt for a dynamic loading solution (better suited for large catalogues), that only selects relevant data based on the current observer position, saving a lot of resources but introducing additional loading times that interrupt the navigation experience. -
International Baccalaureate Extended Essays 2021 Itgs
INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE EXTENDED ESSAYS 2021 ITGS CONTENTS ENGLISH ART CHEMISTRY PHYSICS BUSINESS MANAGEMENT FRENCH ESS GEOGRAPHY HISTORY PSYCHOLOGY ROBOTICS AND ITGS EDUCATION BACK TO CONTENTS PAGE Introduction Over the last decades, rapid advancements in technology have allowed us humans to reach new heights: from the first car, to the first airplane built by the Wright brothers in 1903, to the Moon landing just 66 years later. Mankind has always had a spirit for innovation, exploration, creation and, recently, automation. The idea of self-sufficient, self-aware, sentient machines and computers has always fascinated us; the idea of artificial intelligence has been around since the ancient Greeks: they had imagined an automaton named Talos, who was tasked with protecting Europa (residing on the island of Crete) from attackers and invaders. The mathematical and technological concepts of artificial intelligence were not explained until Alan Turing developed the theory of computation, (Sipser, 2013) according to which a machine, by using different combinations of simple symbols (in this case 0 and 1, power and no power, on or off) could conceive any possible act of mathematical deduction (in other words, make decisions based on the input it receives). The idea that computers and machines can simulate processes of formal reasoning and decision making was theorized in the Church-Turing thesis, developed by mathematicians Alonzo Church and Alan Turing, based on the lambda calculus mathematical function designed by Alonzo Church. The specific field of AI research was born at a Dartmouth College workshop, in 1956. The pioneers and creators of this field were Allen Newell (Carnegie Mellon University, CMU), Herbert Simon (Carnegie Mellon University, CMU), John McCarthy (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT), Marvin Minsky (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT) and Arthur Samuel (International Business Machines, IBM). -
Skywatch Outbound!” Number 62 (New Series) 70S
Amateur Astronomy WITH AN ATTITUDE from Chaos Manor South! Rod Mollise’s May - June 2002 Volume 11, Issue 3 “A Newsletter for the Truly Skywatch Outbound!” Number 62 (New Series) 70s. There was this new scope <[email protected]> being advertised in Sky and Bustin’ Telescope. One that had hit amateur astronomy like a thunderbolt, the Inside this Issue: Schmidt Cassegrain in the form of the original Orange Tube C8. The Dew with new, mass-produced Celestron was the telescope that a lot of us had been waiting for. It combined Bustin’ Dew with the Dew elegant, useful features into a Buster! the Dew package that virtually made it a 1 portable observatory. Oh! how happy I was when I got my new Review of Xephem! Celestron out into the field for the 2 Buster! first time on a clear July evening. A “premium” dew heater I was happy for a while, anyway. 3 My Back Pages! controller… After a few hours I noticed that stars Rod Mollise weren’t as sharp as they had been. And the brighter ones were developing foggy little haloes. Was What do you do about dew? Do something wrong with my new you worry about dew? baby? Yep. A look at the corrector showed it to be a dripping mess. You do if you live in a location where Thus ended my first observing run high humidity makes nature’s little, with the Orange Tube. It was a nice damp gift a prime enemy of the demonstration of what happens working observer. Since I live on the when you point a big lens at the Gulf of Mexico coast, dew is an heat-sucking sky in a humid omnipresent fact of my observing environment: dew “falls” (or “forms,” life. -
Xephem Eks - I - ’Fem
XEphem eks - i - ’fem The Scientific-Grade Interactive Cross-Platform Astronomical Software Ephemeris UNIX − Mac OS X − MS Windows Version 3.5.2 User Manual Clear S ky I nstitute Copyright © 2002 Clear Sky Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. www.ClearSkyInstitute.com This document prepared on Linux kernel version 2.4.9-13 with Applixware version 4.4.2. Last changed January 14, 2002. Contents 1 XEphem -- the Interactive Ephemeris . 1-1 1.1 Summary of Capabilities. 1-1 1.2 UNIX Installation . 1-3 1.2.1 Launching XEphem . 1-5 1.3 Windows Installation . 1-6 1.3.1 Starting XEphem the First Time. 1-6 1.3.2 File Structure . 1-7 1.3.3 Multiple Users . 1-8 1.3.4 File naming . 1-9 1.3.5 Printing . 1-9 1.3.6 Uninstallation. 1-10 1.4 Apple Mac OS X Installation . 1-10 1.4.1 LX200 . 1-10 1.5 Operation . 1-10 1.6 Triad Formats. 1-11 2 Main Window . 2-1 2.1 File menu . 2-4 2.1.1 Network setup . 2-5 2.1.2 External Time/Loc . 2-5 2.2 View menu . 2-6 2.3 Tools menu . 2-6 2.4 Data menu . 2-6 2.5 Preferences menu . 2-7 2.5.1 Save . 2-9 2.5.2 Save Fonts . 2-11 2.5.3 Save Colors. 2-12 2.6 Sites dialog . 2-13 2.7 Examples . 2-14 2.7.1 Sky tonight. 2-14 2.7.2 Solar eclipse path . -
Xephem Eks - I - ’Fem
XEphem eks - i - ’fem The Scientific-Grade Interactive Cross-Platform Astronomical Software Ephemeris UNIX − Mac OS X − MS Windows Version 3.5.2 User Manual Clear S ky I nstitute Copyright © 2002 Clear Sky Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. www.ClearSkyInstitute.com This document prepared on Linux kernel version 2.4.9-13 with Applixware version 4.4.2. Last changed January 14, 2002. Contents 1 XEphem -- the Interactive Ephemeris . 1-1 1.1 Summary of Capabilities. 1-1 1.2 UNIX Installation . 1-3 1.2.1 Launching XEphem . 1-5 1.3 Windows Installation . 1-6 1.3.1 Starting XEphem the First Time. 1-6 1.3.2 File Structure . 1-7 1.3.3 Multiple Users . 1-8 1.3.4 File naming . 1-9 1.3.5 Printing . 1-9 1.3.6 Uninstallation. 1-10 1.4 Apple Mac OS X Installation . 1-10 1.4.1 LX200 . 1-10 1.5 Operation . 1-10 1.6 Triad Formats. 1-11 2 Main Window . 2-1 2.1 File menu . 2-4 2.1.1 Network setup . 2-5 2.1.2 External Time/Loc . 2-5 2.2 View menu . 2-6 2.3 Tools menu . 2-6 2.4 Data menu . 2-6 2.5 Preferences menu . 2-7 2.5.1 Save . 2-9 2.5.2 Save Fonts . 2-11 2.5.3 Save Colors. 2-12 2.6 Sites dialog . 2-13 2.7 Examples . 2-14 2.7.1 Sky tonight. 2-14 2.7.2 Solar eclipse path . -
IPSZILON Szeminárium, 2006 Szeptember 20
Szabad ég előtt Két planetáriumprogram: az XEphem és a KStars Holl András MTA Konkoly-Thege Miklós Csillagászati Kutatóintézet IPSZILON szeminárium, 2006 szeptember 20 - Az előadás célja - kikapcsolódás és művelődés; az égbolt: az elidegenített természet része - csillagászati ismeretterjesztés - a csillagászat, mint eszköz a földrajz, fizika, matematika és a számítástechnika oktatására - a csillagászat a szabadon hozzáférhető adatok, szolgáltatások, szoftverek, valamint az erős nemzetközi együttműködés miatt kiválóan alkalmas a kooperatív számítástechnikai alkalmazások bemutatására - Szabad planetáriumprogramok: XEphem, Stellarium, Celestia, KStars, Cartes du Ciel - programismertetők: Meteor (MCSE, http://meteor.mcse.hu) Celestia (GPL) http://celestia.sourceforge.net/ Linuxvilág #67 VII. évf. 8. sz. 2006 aug. 47. o. Meteor 2003/3 Stellarium (GPL) http://sourceforge.net/projects/stellarium/ http://stellarium.free.fr/ Meteor 2004/3 Mindkettő inkább a látványra helyezi a hangsúlyt Cartes du Ciel (GPL) http://www.ap-i.net/skychart/index.php Windows és Linux kettőt mutatunk be: - XEphem © 1990-2005 Elwood Charles Downey http://www.clearskyinstitute.com/ Linux reaches for the stars Linux Magazine, 2000, 10, 105 http://www.linux-magazine.com/issue/01/XEphem.pdf - KStars KDE - Edutainment Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003 Jason Harris and the KStars Team http://edu.kde.org/kstars/index.php - Általános jellemzők - látvány - égbolt: csillagok, mély-ég objektumok (halmazok, galaxisok, ködök), csillagképek, tejút, koordináta-háló - naprendszer - a naprendszer égitestjei: Nap, Föld, Hold, bolygók (holdjaikkal) - kalkulátor, információk - külső adatforrások: - katalógusok (X) - aktuális képek: SOHO Nap (X); Föld meteo(X); - képek: DSS égbolt; HST (K); SEDS (K); stb. - információ: Wikipedia (K) - változócsillag fénygörbe (AAVSO) - seti@home támogatás (X) - saját adatok bevitele: FITS kép - WCS illesztés (X) - távcsővezérlés: soros v. -
Cartes Du Ciel / Skychart
Cartes du Ciel / Skychart Engelstalige documentatie Geschreven: 17 October 2019 Laatste versie is beschikbaar op deze wiki http://www.ap-i.net/skychart/nl/documentation/start 1 Documentatie U kunt zelf bijdragen aan deze pagina's (door de wiki te gebruiken op http://www.ap-i.net/skychart [http://www.ap- i.net/skychart]). Download de PDF-versie [http://www.ap-i.net/pub/skychart/doc/doc_nl.pdf] van dit document. Instructie Index Snelstartgids Installatie Installatie op Windows Installatie op Mac OS X Installatie op Debian GNU/Linux Installatie op Ubuntu Installatie op Fedora Installatie op Mageia Installatie van extra catalogi Maak een portable installatie Handleiding Menu Bestand Bewerken Instellingen Weergave Kaart Telescoop Venster Update Help Pop-up vensters vanuit de kaart Gereedschapsbalken Sinds de versie 3.11beta van mei 2014 kun je zelf naar jouw smaak de gereedschapsbalk configureren met de Gereedschapbalk bewerker. De “Standaard” weergave is beschreven in de volgende pagina's. Hoofdbalk Objectenbalk Linker balk Rechter balk Linker Gereedschapvenster Gereedschapbalk bewerker Informatiegebied Statusbalk Gedetailleerde informatie Objectenlijst Informatie over de planeten De astronomische kalender Invoer gebied Schemer Zonnestelsel Komeet Planetoïde Zonsverduisteringen Maansverduisteringen Kunstmatige satellieten Instellingen 2 Datum, Tijd Observatorium Kaart, Coördinaten Catalogi Zonnestelsel Weergave Afbeeldingen Algemeen Internet Gereedschappen Labels Geavanceerd zoeken Positie en beeldveld Observatielijst Rondgang SAMP Virtual