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University Microfilms International 300 N INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)” . I f it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because o f movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer o f a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For illustrations that cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by xerographic means, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and inserted into your xerographic copy. These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8318418 Pavlis, Erricos C. ON THE GEODETIC APPLICATIONS OF SIMULTANEOUS RANGE- DIFFERENCING TO LAGEOS The Ohio Slate University PH.D. 1983 University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, M I 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V . 1. Glossy photographs or pages______ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print_____ 3. Photographs with dark background_____ 4. Illustrations are poor copy______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy___ 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page ______ 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages ^ 8. Print exceeds margin requirements _____ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine ______ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print______ 11. Page(s)___________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s)___________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered ____________ . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages ______ 15. Other ________________________________________________________________ _ University M icrofilm s International ON THE GEODETIC APPLICATIONS OF SIMULTANEOUS RANGE-DIFFERENCING TO LAGEOS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillm ent of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Erricos C. Pavlis, Dipl. Ing. ***** The Ohio State University 1983 Reading Committee: Approved By Ivan I. Mueller Richard H. Rapp Dhaneshwar P. Hajela Adviser Department of Geodetic Science and Surveying DEDICATION To Despina, Daphne, and Constantine ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Most people view the completion of their Doctorate as the "grand finale" of a major part of their lif e . I prefer to see i t as the prelude for what is yet to come. That, however, does in no way diminish the joy that this part of my life has given me, especially the last seven years that I spent at Ohio State working harder than ever before towards that ultimate goal. The personal labor, however, would never be enough, and i t is hard to imagine a successful completion without the guidance, help and encour­ agement of several people. Of all most important is the support and pa­ tience of my family. Their continuous sacrifices during these years leave me no choice as to my next most important lifelong project: a f u l l­ time husband and father. Of equal importance was the guidance, help, support and friendship of my mentor, Professor Ivan I. Mueller. Working with him has been one of the most educating and pleasing experiences. To him and the other members of the Reading Committee, Professors Richard H. Rapp and D.P. Hajela, a special thanks for pointing out the weak points of the original manuscript rather than praising the good ones. During my studies in this school I have had the luck of meeting and befriending a number of people from around the world. Their friend­ ship and constructive criticism have helped make my stay here more enjoyable-above a ll, the esteemed members of the "500 Club": Dr. Kostas Katsambalos, Dr. Christopher Jekeli, Dr. Oscar Colombo and Dr. John Hannah. The long and often heated discussions with Dr. Yehuda Bock and Mr. Zhu Sheng Yuan w ill always be remembered for their contribution in clarifying several issues on a variety of topics. Discussions on time with Dr. John McK. Luck have been most interesting. The help of Dr. Lenny A. Krieg in acquainting myself with the Ohio State computer fa c il­ ity is gratefully acknowledged. My thanks go to the NASA/GSFC scientists Mr. Ron Kolenkiewicz, Ms. Barbara Putney, and Mr. Chris Stephanides for their support and their comments, and special thanks to JPL scientists Dr. E. Myles Standish, J r., Dr. Theodore Moyer, Dr. Fred Krogh, and Dr. Henry Fliegel for their prompt responses to a ll my requests for data and information. Thanks go also to NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center for the oppor­ tunity to work on such an interesting and educational project and for providing extensive financial support through Contract No. NAS5-25888. The financial support provided by The Ohio State University as a Graduate Teaching Associate is gratefully appreciated and so is the computer sup­ port of the Instruction and Research Computer Center. Acknowledged also is the financial support of the Wild-Heerbrugg Geodetic Fellowship (1980). Last but not the least, my thanks to Ms. Irene Tesfai for her excellent workmanship in typing and editing the final form of the disser­ tation. iv VITA October 5, 1953 ..................... Born - Chios, Greece 1975............................................... Diploma in Surveying Engineering, National Technical University, Athens, Greece 1977-1983 .................................. Graduate Research Associate, Department of Geodetic Science and Surveying, The Ohio State University, Columbus. 1981, 1982 .................................. Graduate Teaching Associate, Department of Geodetic Science and Surveying, The Ohio State University, Columbus PUBLICATIONS "Error Analysis for a Spaceborne Laser Ranging System," Dept, of Geodetic Science Rept. No. 290 (1979), Ohio State University, Columbus. "On the VLBI-Satellite Laser Ranging 'Iron Triangle1 Intercomparison Experiment," Radio Interferometry Techniques for Geodesy, NASA Conference Publication 2115 (1979), pp. 435-445 (co-author). "Wild BC-4: Operation and Applications," Diploma Thesis, National Techni­ cal University, Athens (1975) (co-author). FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Geodetic Science Studies in S atellite Geodesy and Geodetic Astronomy. Professor Ivan I. Mueller Studies in Gravimetric Geodesy, Geometric Geodesy and Map Projections, Professor Richard H. Rapp v Studies in Adjustment Computations. Professor Urho A. Uotila Studies in Linear Inference. Professor C.R. Rao Studies in Photogrammetry. Professor Dean C. Merchant TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DEDICATION......................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.............................................................................................................. i i i VITA..................................................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................................ x LIST OF FIGURES.............................................................................................................. x ii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................................. xiv Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION..................................................... 1 1.1 From Time Interval Measurement to Range Inference ................... 1 1.2 Systems Accuracy; Some General Remarks .......................................... 2 1.3 Scope and Philosophy of the Investigation ................................... 3 1.4 Outline of the Proposed Simultaneous Laser Range- Difference (SRD) Mode .......................................................................... 5 2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND........................................................................................ 12 2.1 Reference Systems and Frames ............................................................... 12 2.2 The Lageos Orbital Model ......................................................................
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