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World Bank Document The World Bank North Cameroon Agriculture and Water Smart Landscapes Project (P166072) Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Project Information Document/ Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet (PID/ISDS) Concept Stage | Date Prepared/Updated: 25-Jan-2019 | Report No: PIDISDSC24140 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Jan 28, 2018 Page 1 of 25 The World Bank North Cameroon Agriculture and Water Smart Landscapes Project (P166072) BASIC INFORMATION A. Basic Project Data OPS TABLE Country Project ID Parent Project ID (if any) Project Name Cameroon P166072 Valorization of Investments in the Valley of the Benue (P166072) Region Estimated Appraisal Date Estimated Board Date Practice Area (Lead) AFRICA Sep 16, 2019 Dec 20, 2019 Agriculture Financing Instrument Borrower(s) Implementing Agency Investment Project Financing MINEPAT MEADEN Proposed Development Objective(s) To contribute to the Regional Climate Resilience Investment Plan by improving irrigation services and sustaining climate resilient agricultural productivity in the Benue River Valley. PROJECT FINANCING DATA (US$, Millions) SUMMARY-NewFin1 Total Project Cost 200.00 Total Financing 200.00 of which IBRD/IDA 200.00 Financing Gap 0.00 DETAILS-NewFinEnh1 World Bank Group Financing International Development Association (IDA) 200.00 IDA Credit 200.00 Environmental Assessment Category Concept Review Decision Jan 28, 2018 Page 2 of 25 The World Bank North Cameroon Agriculture and Water Smart Landscapes Project (P166072) A - Full Assessment Track II-The review did authorize the preparation to continue B. Introduction and Context Regional Context The Niger Basin, located in West and Central Africa, is one of the major transboundary basins in Africa. Its 1.5 million km2 active hydrographic basin spans over the territory of nine countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, and Nigeria. Its population of 130 million inhabitants is growing rapidly, expected to reach 180 million people by 2025. Except for Nigeria, most of the population in the basin is rural and depends on agriculture, animal husbandry or fishing for its livelihood. The value of the Niger River System resides in its contribution to water, food, energy, and job security, to transport and to biodiversity. For thousands of years, the river, its tributaries and connected lakes and wetlands have supported local populations with diverse water-dependent livelihoods such as flood-recession agriculture, cattle grazing and drinking, fishing and hunting. In the Niger Basin Countries, agriculture (including farming, livestock husbandry and fisheries) contributes 20 to 50 per cent of GDP and roughly two-third of the population depends on it for its livelihood. Moreover, those mostly family fishing and agro-pastoral systems are labor intensive and generate significant indirect employments (processing, trade and crafts). In a region with a structural deficit in food production and increasing temperature and rainfall variability and uncertainty, the river, its tributaries and connected groundwater resources are key to increase agricultural productivity and resilience to climate change. In addition, the river system is important for the energy security of the region, with an installed, partially integrated, hydro-power capacity of 2,000MW1. Finally, the Niger hydro-system sustains some of the most significant biodiversity areas in the World, notably the Inner2 and Maritime Deltas in Mali and Nigeria respectively, both Ramsar sites. Yet the Niger hydro-system and the population, economies and biodiversity relying on it are vulnerable to several climate and water-related shocks and stresses, many of them transboundary in nature. Managing competing water demands, notably between upstream and downstream users and between different sectoral will be one of the basin’s main development challenges in the coming decades as intensifying water use, while necessary, will not be without impacts. Notably, it will be important to strike a balance between the regulation of river flows (i.e. reservoirs) and increased water withdrawals for irrigation, hydropower and navigation, as is the case of the Upper Niger, Medium Niger and the Benue (i.e. Chad, Cameroon and Nigeria) and the preservation of the Maritime Delta ecosystem (i.e. biodiversity and ecological services: fishing) in Nigeria. 1 World Bank, 2006: Water Resources Management & Development Opportunities in the Niger River Basin. Policy Note. Economic and Sector Work. Washington, DC: World Bank. Nigeria is exporting electricity to Niger and Benin in the Niger Basin. 2 During the rainy season, the Inner Delta forms a large flood plain of 20,000 to 30,000 km2, facilitating the cultivation of rive, cotton and wheat as well as cattle herding and fishing. The size of the flooded area is subject to strong annual variations, depending on the discharge in the Upper Basin. Jan 28, 2018 Page 3 of 25 The World Bank North Cameroon Agriculture and Water Smart Landscapes Project (P166072) Priority should therefore be given to increasing the performance of existing infrastructure; reducing/postponing the need to build new dams; as well as strengthening the Niger Basin authority (NBA)’s capacity in its water allocation, planning and coordination of transboundary projects function. In this context, the Government of Cameroon has made a request to the Niger Basin Authority to incorporate the Lagdo dam into the Niger Basin Master Plan. The WB is currently supporting the master plan through a Niger Basin regional program using the Series of Project (SOP) instrument. Phase 1 (Building Climate Resilience in the Niger Basin, P161262) objective is to strengthen the Niger Basin Authority’s capacity for integrated, transboundary water resources management, while subsequent phases/projects, including the proposed operation, would be for country-level investments. Within the master plan integration, the development of irrigation from the Lagdo dam is indicated for Cameroun. Summary of regional potential water issues, per section of the Niger basin and country Section of the Niger Basin / countries Main transboundary issues Cameroon, Lower Niger and Benue (Chad, - Flood risk in Cameroon and Nigeria Nigeria) - Land degradation in Cameroon and Chad, contributing to sedimentation in Cameroon and Nigeria - Sub-optimal power generation from existing dams in Nigeria (i.e. Kainji and Jebba) and Cameroon (i.e. Lagdo) - Inner Delta (Mali): Wetland of international - Vulnerable to a reduction of annual flood significance (RAMSAR), providing fish, and overall yearly inflows, that could result pasture land and flood-recession agriculture from an increase in water withdrawals for more than 2 million people from irrigation (i.e. “offices”); river flow regulation from future dams (i.e. Fomi) or/and climate change Middle Niger (Mali, Niger, Benin, Burkina - Flooding particularly in Niger and Benin Faso) - Erosion and Sedimentation in all countries - Invasive Species (Water Jacinth) Upper Niger (Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali) - Moderate degradation of land and forest cover (Guinea and Ivory Coast) - Contamination from informal mining (Guinea, Mali and Ivory Coast) - Low water productivity in the “Offices” of Mali, largest water user in the basin - Sub-optimal power generation from existing dams in Mali Maritime Delta (Nigeria): wetland of - Vulnerability to increase water international significance, source of livelihood withdrawals and regulation from upstream to about 1 million fishermen countries - Invasive Species (Typha, Water Jacinth) Jan 28, 2018 Page 4 of 25 The World Bank North Cameroon Agriculture and Water Smart Landscapes Project (P166072) The proposed project is therefore proposed as the second of a Series of Projects under the Regional Program. Through in country investments it will contribute to the implementation of targeted, interventions for transboundary, integrated water resource management. Country Context A lower middle income country of about 24 million people, Cameroon is strategically located on the gulf of Guinea. It is naturally well placed to play the role of a regional hub. With its 600 kilometer coastline, Cameroon borders with six Central Africa countries3 which, with the exception of Nigeria, are members of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC by its French acronym). Its regional port of Douala serves as an entry point to two strategic road corridors to Bangui and Ndjamena. Cameroon’s Far North region shares with Chad, Niger and Nigeria access to Lake Chad, a basin traditionally important for livelihood in the region, but also an area of competition for scarce resources including between farmers and pastoralists. Cameroon is endowed with ample arable land, water, energy, and oil and mineral resources. With a per capita Gross Domestic Product of US$1,374 (current prices) in 2017, the economy is largely driven by its primary sector, agriculture and mineral resources, and benefits from its location in the Congo Basin, the world’s second largest tropical forest zone, which provides an exceptional ecological diversity. The country’s mineral wealth includes deposits of oil, natural gas, gold, iron, manganese and uranium. Crude petroleum is an important resource accounting for 10 percent of GDP and being the main export product by value. Timber is the second largest export product. Imports are dominated by manufactured goods and come mainly from Europe. Despite having one of the most diversified economies in the CEMAC
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