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Heavily Contested Projects in India Harm the Steel

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Heavily Contested Projects in India Harm the Steel 2/2008 SPECIAL REPORT ON ARCELOR-MITTAL HEAVILY CONTESTED PROJECTS IN INDIA HARM THE STEEL giant’S CREDIBILITY DOSSIER SPÉCIAL ARCELOR-MITTAL DES PROJETS EN INDE FORTEMENT CONTESTÉS METTENT À MAL LA CRÉDIBILITÉ DU GÉANT SIDÉRURGIQUE Kéisécker Nr.3 / Octobre 2008 Editorial The reasons for this publication Pourquoi cette publication? A new international NGO-coalition called "Global Action on Récemment, une nouvelle coalition internationale d'ONG sous le Arcelor Mittal" was founded just some time ago, its aim is to act nom de "Global Action on ArcelorMittal", a été créée avec pour upon the steel giant in favour of improved environmental and so- but d'influencer ce géant de l’acier en faveur de standards envi- cial standards. ronnementaux et sociaux améliorés . This coalition is regrouping NGO-representatives from many Cette coalition regroupe des représentants d'ONG de nombreux countries throughout the world where ArcelorMittal is estab- pays du monde où ArcelorMittal est implanté: Etats-Unis, Ka- lished: United States, Kazakhstan, South Africa ... and even India. sachstan, Afrique du Sud … jusqu’en Inde. Le Mouvement Ecolo- The “Mouvement Ecologique” is also a member of this coalition. gique fait partie de cette coalition. Il faut savoir que si les préoc- And if the worries regarding ArcelorMittal are an inescapable cupations concernant ArcelorMittal sont une réalité chez nous, ils fact in our countries, this is even more the case in the so-called le sont encore bien davantage dans les pays dits émergents. emerging countries. Ainsi, le Mouvement Ecologique vient d’être contacté par ses The Indian partners now got in touch with the “Mouvement partenaires en Inde au sujet d’une évolution fort préoccupante Ecologique” regarding a very worrying development in their dans ce pays, en relation avec de nouveaux projets d'implantation country, relating to ArcelorMittal’s new setting up projects. They d’ArcelorMittal. Il y est question de populations indigènes chas- make mention of indigenous populations chased away from their sées de leurs terres, de pollution massive etc. La situation est telle grounds, of massive pollution etc. The situation is so that the que le Mouvement Ecologique a voulu présenter la situation dans “Mouvement Ecologique” decided to present it in a special report. un dossier spécial. Dans ce dossier Moushumi Basu, journaliste In this report, the Indian journalist Moushumi Basu comments indienne, commente la situation de son point de vue resp. celui the situation from her point of view as well as from the stand- d’organisations de l’Inde. point of Indian organizations. La solidarité internationale en faveur des plus démunis compte International solidarity in favour of the most destitute counts face à un géant industriel mondial. Moyennant cette publication, against a world-famous industrial giant. With this publication le Mouvement Ecologique veut donner son apport en la matière. the “Mouvement Ecologique” wants to provide support to the Pour de plus amples informations: Mouvement Ecologique asbl, people concerned. 6 rue Vauban, L-2663 Luxembourg/Pfaffenthal For further details: Mouvement Ecologique asbl, 6 rue Vauban, L-2663 Luxembourg/Pfaffenthal Soutenez cette action! Toute action du Mouvement Ecologique dans Mouvement Ecologique asbl la coalition “Global Action on ArcelorMittal” 6 rue Vauban L-2663 Luxembourg/Pfaffenthal dépend de vos dons. Soutenez-nous! Tél.: +352 43 90 30-1, CCPL: LU96 1111 0734 1886 0000 Fax: +352 43 90 30-43 [email protected], www.oeko.lu BCEE: LU31 0019 1100 4403 9000 Writer / Auteur, Moushumi Basu, [email protected] HISTORY OF ADIVASI HISTOIRE DE LA RÉPRESSION REPRESSION IN JHARKHAND DES ADIVASI AU JHARKHAND The history of tribal repression may be considered to date back from L’histoire de la répression tribale remonte en fait jusqu’à la période the British period, when the first coal mining operations began in the britannique, au moment où l’exploitation des premières mines de region. The once Adivasi landowners, were rendered landless with charbon débutait dans la région. Les anciens propriétaires terriens the advent of slaughter or unscientific mining. The mining of iron Adivasi se trouvaient dépossédés de leurs terres dans le contexte de ore, further played havoc with the soil of the area, as the “red water”, massacres ou d’exploitations minières peu scientifiques. L’exploita- spread on the surface, percolating below, making it barren and unfit tion du minerai de fer était également très mauvaise pour le sol, car for agriculture. It slowly dawned on the local tribals, that theirs was a "l’eau rouge" répandue à la surface pénétrait dans le sol qu’elle ren- lost battle against mega projects. On one hand, there were hardly any dait aride et impropre à l’agriculture. Les membres des tribus concer- jobs, compensation or land; on the other hand, changing economy nées comprenaient peu à peu que leur lutte contre des mégaprojets was gradually diminishing their chances as unskilled labourers in the était vouée à l’échec. D’un côté il n’y avait presque pas d’emplois, de upcoming corporate houses. compensations ou de terres ; d’un autre côté une économie en plein changement réduisait graduellement leurs chances auprès des entre- There have been some landmark agitations and sacrifices by the tri- prises montantes, car ils n’étaient que des ouvriers sans qualification bals against displacement in the past. professionnelle. With such a painful history of anti-displacement to fall back upon, Dans le passé, il y a eu quelques troubles historiques et les membres the indigenous population has been left more insecure than ever. In des tribus ont consenti des sacrifices pour s’opposer au déplacement. the 60’s the tribal population in this part of the land was 68%, in the Face à une si douloureuse histoire de la lutte contre les déplace- 2001 census, it had been reduced to 26%. Little has been done in the ments, la population indigène se sent de moins en moins en sécurité. name of rehabilitation, with only 5%-6% of the displaced, being gi- Au cours des années 60, la part de la population tribale s’élevait à ven the benefit. The state government may have recently announced 68% dans cette partie du pays, mais au recensement de 2001, elle its Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) policy, but it has been ter- était tombée à 26%. Peu de choses ont été faites au nom de la réha- med by the anti-displacement agitationists as being pro-capitalist or bilitation, car tout juste 5 à 6% des personnes déplacées pouvaient corporate houses. bénéficier de telles mesures. Certes, le gouvernement de l’État vient d’annoncer sa politique de réinstallation et de réhabilitation, mais les adversaires du déplacement l’ont qualifié de pro-capitaliste ou ARCELOR-MITTAL IN JHARKHAND pro-entreprises. Topping the list of key players making forays in the tribal land is the world’s largest Global steel corporation ArcelorMittal. It has plans to set up one of world’s biggest steel plant of 12 Million Tonne Per ARCELOR-MITTAL AU JHARKHAND Annum (MTPA) capacity in Jharkhand, at an investment of Rs. 40,000 ArcelorMittal, le numéro un mondial dans le domaine de la produc- crores ($9.3 billion), that is expected to start operations by 2012. The tion de l’acier, se retrouve en tête de la liste des grandes entreprises proposed steel project will be set up in two phases of 6 MT each. qui envahissent les terres tribales. Le groupe prévoit la construction While the first phase is expected to be completed within 48 months d’une des plus grandes aciéries du monde au Jharkhand: la produc- from the date of agreement on the detailed project report, the se- tion annuelle sera de 12 millions de tonnes par an, l’ investissement cond phase will be completed within 54 months after completion of s’élève à 9,3 milliards de dollars et la production doit démarrer en the first phase. 2012. Le projet prévu sera réalisé en deux tranches à 6 millions de In addition to the steel and mining projects, the steel major will ex- tonnes. Alors que la première tranche doit être réalisée endéans 48 plore the feasibility of setting up a 2,500-MW capacity mega power mois à partir de la date de l’adoption du rapport détaillé sur le projet, plant in Jharkhand. It will also set up townships for its employees as la deuxième tranche sera terminée endéans 54 mois après l’achève- part of the project. ment de la première phase. The Greenfield mega steel project requires 12 thousand acres of land En plus des projets concernant l’aciérie et l’exploitation minière, le and 1500 megawatt new power plant for its captive consumption. géant de l’acier veut étudier la faisabilité de l’installation d’une mé- The choice of site has been zeroed in the three blocks of Karra, Torpa ga-centrale électrique d’une capacité de 2.500 MW à Jharkhand. La and Rania in the Khunti district and Kamdara in the Gumla district construction de cités destinées aux employés fait également partie of Jharkhand. du projet. The Central Government has approved for grant of lease of Karampa- Le méga-projet de l’aciérie de Greenfield exige 12.000 acres de terre da Iron ore Mines located in the reserve forest in Meghataburu Mauja et une nouvelle centrale électrique de 1500 MW pour sa consom- in West Singbhum district of Jharkhand for its proposed 12 Million mation captive. Le choix du site s’est concentré sur les trois blocs de Tonnes (MT) steel plant. Experts have opined that the estimated re- Karra, Torpa et Rania dans le district de Khunti et sur Kamdara dans serve in the mine is about 50 MT of mineralized and very good quality le district de Gumla au Jharkhand.
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