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A Salvaguarda Do Moderno

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A Salvaguarda Do Moderno Karine de Arimateia A SALVAGUARDA DO MODERNO: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A ANÁLISE DAS RESTAURAÇÕES DE EDIFÍCIOS VERTICAIS DA ÁREA CENTRAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO Belo Horizonte Escola de Arquitetura da UFMG Agosto/2014 Karine de Arimateia A SALVAGUARDA DO MODERNO: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A ANÁLISE DAS RESTAURAÇÕES DE EDIFÍCIOS VERTICAIS DA ÁREA CENTRAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO Dissertação apresentada ao Curso de Mestrado em Ambiente Construído e Patrimônio Sustentável da Escola de Arquitetura da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Mestre em Arquitetura. Área de Concentração: Bens Culturais, Tecnologia e Território. Orientadora: Dra. Yacy-Ara Froner Coorientador: Dr. Leonardo Barci Castriota Belo Horizonte Escola de Arquitetura da UFMG Agosto/2014 FOLHA DE APROVAÇÃO Dissertação intitulada A salvaguarda do moderno: contribuições para a análise das restaurações de edifícios verticais da área central do Rio de Janeiro, de autoria de Karine de Arimateia, aprovada pela banca examinadora constituída pelos professores: __________________________________ Profa. Dra Yacy-Ara Froner – Orientadora MACPS-EA-UFMG _______________________________________ Prof. – Leonardo Barci Castriota - Coorientador MACPS-EA-UFMG _____________________________________ Prof. – Membro – Flávio de Lemos Carsalade MACPS-EA-UFMG __________________________________ Prof. – Nivaldo Vieira de Andrade Junior UFBA _____________________________ Profa. Dra. Marieta Cardoso Maciel Coordenadora do Mestrado em Ambiente Construído e Patrimônio Sustentável MACPS-EA-UFMG Belo Horizonte, 13 de agosto de 2014 Aos meus pais pelo incentivo à educação. Aos meus irmãos pelo exemplo. À minha mãe, em particular, a quem serei grata eternamente. Agradeço à professora Yacy-Ara Froner pela orientação, zelo e carinho; ao professor Leonardo Castriota pela coorientação; ao professor Flávio Carsalade pelos questionamentos levantados na ocasião da qualificação; à professora Celina Borges, cujos comentários em relação ao texto da qualificação me foram demasiadamente úteis; ao professor Nivaldo Andrade, da UFBA, por responder prontamente aos meus questionamentos e aceitar o convite para a avaliação desta pesquisa; à Victoria M. de León Grego pela eficiência e carinho no decorrer do Curso; ao Hilário Figueiredo Pereira Filho, atual chefe do Arquivo Central do IPHAN, pela presteza durante à minha pesquisa nessa instituição; aos amigos Arthur Prudente, Álvaro Drummond e Juliana Pohl pela leitura e sugestões em relação ao texto preliminar, além do apoio incondicional. RESUMO: A pesquisa tem como tema a restauração arquitetônica de edifícios verticais representantes da arquitetura moderna brasileira. O objetivo é investigar se a tendência adotada no Brasil para a intervenção nessas edificações segue a praticada, com frequência, em outros países, ao afastar a prática da intervenção do campo da restauração tradicional, reforçando uma ideia de salvar apenas a sua imagem. O objeto de estudo contempla, portanto, os edifícios verticais construídos no centro do Rio de Janeiro nas décadas de 1930 a 1960 e que passaram por processos de restauração conduzidos pelos órgãos de preservação. O caminho escolhido para lidar com estas questões foi analisar os processos de intervenção dos edifícios Palácio Gustavo Capanema e A.B.I., guardados no Arquivo Noronha Santos e na Superintendência do IPHAN do Rio de Janeiro. A análise apontou diversos problemas nos processos arquivados que impediram uma conclusão estruturada sobre o objetivo preliminar, porém serviu para indicar pontos importantes relativos a intervenções no patrimônio edificado. PALAVRAS CHAVES: Arquitetura moderna, Restauração arquitetônica, Edifícios verticais, Inventário, Palácio Gustavo Capanema, Sede da A.B.I. ABSTRACT: The paper analyses the architectural restoration of vertical constructions that represent modern Brazilian architecture. The purpose is to investigate whether the trend adopted in Brazil for intervention in building restoration follows that adopted most frequently in other countries, distancing intervention from the traditional field of restoration by preserving the image rather than material aspect. The object of study is a set of buildings located in downtown Rio de Janeiro that dominated the city center from the 1930´s to the 1960´s and have undergone several restoration processes led by governmental preservation agencies. The path chosen to analyze the restoration methods used focuses on records of the architectural interventions performed on the Gustavo Capanema Palace, as well as the ABI - Brazilian Press Association headquarters. The processes are on file at the Noronha Santos Archive and the National Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute (IPHAN) in Rio de Janeiro. Research revealed several problems that hindered conclusion of the primary objective, but identified important points regarding interventions in architectural heritage. KEY WORDS: Modern Architecture, Architectural Restoration, Vertical Buildings, Inventory, Gustavo Capanema Palace, Brazilian Press Association (A.B.I.) building. LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Figura da capa – Detalhe do painel de azulejos Conchas e Hipocampos, de Cândido Portinari, de 1942, 990 x 1510 cm, instalado no Palácio Gustavo Capanema, Reprodução fotográfica/José Eduardo Gouvêa. Fonte: http://www.itaucultural.org.br – acesso em 26 jul. 2014 Figura 1 - Home Insurance Building (1883-5)/Chicago/Willian Le Baron Jenney. ......................................................................................................................... 29 Figuras 2 e 3 - Guaranty Building (1894-95)/NY/ Sullivan e Adler. ................... 30 Figura 4 - Edifícios de Apartamento Lake Shore Drive (1948)/Chicago, Illinois/Mies van der Rohe. ............................................................................... 32 Figura 5 - Seagram building (1958)/Nova York/Mies van der Rohe e Philip Johnson. ........................................................................................................... 32 Figura 6 - Edifício Pirelli(1956)/Milão/Gio Ponti e Pier Luigi Nervi. ................... 33 Figura 7 - Planta esquemática do Morro do Castelo. ....................................... 39 Figura 8 - Plano Agache. ................................................................................. 40 Figura 9 - Abertura da Avenida Presidente Vargas........................................... 42 Figura 10 - Detalhe dos brises do A.B.I. ........................................................... 43 Figura 11 - Fachada do edifício sede da A.B.I. ................................................ 43 Figura 12 - Edifício Marquês do Herval (1953), Irmãos Roberto. ..................... 45 Figura 13 - Edifício Seguradoras (1949), Irmãos Roberto. ............................... 45 Figura 14 - Edifício Seguradoras//pilotis descaracterizado e brises removidos, Irmãos Roberto. ................................................................................................ 45 Figura 15 – Edifício Valparaíso, Irmãos Roberto. ............................................. 46 Figura 16 - Instituto Resseguros do Brasil (1941), Irmãos Roberto. ................. 46 Figura 17 - Sede da Companhia Souza Cruz/descaracterizado, Irmãos Roberto. ......................................................................................................................... 46 Figura 18 - Sede da Companhia Souza Cruz (1962), Irmãos Roberto. ............ 46 Figura 19 - Edifício Sede do Banco Aliança, Lucio Costa. ............................... 47 Figura 20 - Edifício Sede do Jockey Clube, Lucio Costa. ................................. 47 Figura 21 - Edifício sede do Banco Boa Vista, Oscar Niemeyer. ..................... 48 Figura 22 - Edifício sede do Banco Boa Vista/detalhe do fechamento do pilotis, Oscar Niemeyer. .............................................................................................. 48 Figura 23 - Edifício Manchete, Oscar Niemeyer. .............................................. 49 Figura 24 - Edifício Sede das Empresas Gráficas o Cruzeiro, Oscar Niemeyer. ......................................................................................................................... 49 Figura 25 - Edifício Barão de Mauá, Oscar Niemeyer. ..................................... 50 Figura 26 - Edifício sede do Montepio do Estado da Guanabara, Eduardo Reidy. ............................................................................................................... 50 Figura 27 - Edifício Edson Passos, Jacques Pilon ........................................... 51 Figura 28 - Edifício Maison de France, Jacques Pilon ..................................... 51 Figura 29 - Painel de Portinari no Palácio Gustavo Capanema. ...................... 54 Figura 30 - Painel de Paulo Werneck para o Edifício Seguradoras (irmãos Roberto). .......................................................................................................... 54 Figura 31 e 32 - Localização e implantação do Edifício Manchete. .................. 56 Figura 33 - Edifício Manchete antes do retrofit, Oscar Niemeyer. .................... 57 Figura 34 - Vista interna do hall do Edifício Manchete, antes do retrofit. ......... 57 Figura 35 - Edifício Manchete durante o retrofit. .............................................. 58 Figura 36 - Edifício Manchete durante o retrofit. Estrutura à mostra. ............... 58 Figura 37 - Edifício Manchete após o retrofit. ................................................... 58 Figura 38 - Vista interna do Edifício
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