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Brazilian Economic Sociology economic sociology_the european electronic newsletter Volume 11, Number 2 | March 2010 11.2 Editor Philippe Steiner, Université de Paris-Sorbonne Book Review Editors Sascha Münnich and Mark Lutter, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies Editorial Board Patrik Aspers, Stockholm University Jens Beckert, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Cologne Johan Heilbron, Centre de Sociologie Européenne, Paris Richard Swedberg, Cornell University, Ithaca Table of Contents Note from the editor_2 Economic and Agrofood Studies in Brazil | by John Wilkinson_3 For a Brazilian Sociology of Finance | by Roberto Grün_10 Innovation and the Development Agenda | by Glauco Arbix_16 Social Movements and NGOs in the Construction of New Market Mechanisms by R. Abramovay, M. de Almeida Voivovic, F. C. Cardoso, M. E. Conroy_24 Southern Cities: Locomotives or Wagons of National Development by Alvaro Comin and Maria Carolina Vasconcelos Oliveira_31 Heterodox Reflections on the Financial Crisis | by Antonio Mutti_39 The Revue Française de Socio-Economie_44 Response to “Neil Fligstein Answers Questions on the Present Financial Crisis”: by Kenneth R. Zimmerman_48 Response to Kenneth Zimmerman | by Neil Fligstein_53 Book Reviews_55 PhD Projects_60 http://econsoc.mpifg.de Note from the editor 2 Note from the editor Dear reader, ines in detail the making of laws which aim at promoting innovation in a country which is seeking to promote devel- This issue of the Newsletter opens up a non-European and opment as a way out of poverty. Finally, development non-US approach to Economic Sociology: Brazilian eco- policies are considered in a paper by Flavio Comin and nomic sociology. What is all the fuss about Brazil the Maria Cristina Vasconcelos Oliveira, in which they consider reader may ask. The answer lies in the five papers that how big cities – particularly São Paulo – have a positive make up the central section of the Newsletter. effect on economic development, thanks to the concentra- tion of resources but at the expense of large geo-economic Economic sociology is very well represented in Brazil inequalities and social backlash (traffic jam, pollution, etc.). through a large number of universities offering lectures In this present issue an overview of the past, present and courses on these topics. Of course, large universities in big future of Brazilian economic sociology is missing: Cécile cities in the center of the country are very active in this Raud-Mattedi had taken up the idea of writing a paper on respect: we could name the University of São Paulo, the this topic, but her untimely and tragic death prevented us Foundation Getulho Vargas in São Paulo and various uni- from benefiting from her views. Obviously, this set of pa- versities in Rio de Janeiro. Beyond this, there are also lec- pers does not pretend to cover all the topics studied by our ture courses on this topic in other universities such as the Brazilian colleagues – issues such as unemployment, migra- University of Belo Horizonte, the federal University of São tion and social economy will follow in the next issue. We Carlos or the Florianopolis’ Federal University of Santa cannot, alas, bring to the reader the flavor of the famous Catarina. Here in May 2009 Cécile Raud-Mattedi organized carnival of Rio de Janeiro. But maybe you will get some the first Brazilian meeting directed to Economic Sociology feeling for the country through the following studies on the (Primeiro Seminário Nacional de Sociologia Econômica). functioning of Brazilian economic institutions, and through The meeting was a runaway success, with more than sev- the innovative and illuminating research on Economic soci- enty presentations, which is a clear indication of the ology produced by our colleagues. strength of the interest and scholarship in the country. This issue of the Newsletter also follows up on previous In the present issue the reader will find a selection of pa- numbers. Ken Zimmerman offers a comment on Neil Flig- pers written by some leading Brazilian scholars. Ricardo stein’s view on the financial crisis, followed by a response Abramovay and his colleagues from the University of São from the author, and Antonio Mutti emphasizes the role Paulo consider how social movements and Non Govern- played by trust in the present turmoil. Then, there is a mental Organizations are shaping unusual market mecha- presentation of a new French journal of interest to socio- nisms, where stakeholders play an important role when economists. Finally, as usual, the reader will find some corporate social-environmental responsibility is at issue in information on recent PhDs in the domain, and three re- sectors such as soy, bio-fuel, beef-cattle production, and views of recent books. forestry. John Wilkinson from the Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro also considers the agrifood sector, laying Nicolas Milicet emphasis on the role of social movements, social networks [email protected] and (economic) conventions. Roberto Grün, from the Uni- versity of São Carlos deals with the relation between finan- Sidonie Naulin cial markets and the government in a period during which [email protected] important changes at the level of the federal government – President Lula’s left-wing government – highlights what he Philippe Steiner calls “meta-political cultural disputes” over the role played [email protected] by financial markets in the economy. Glauco Arbix exam- economic sociology_the european electronic newsletter Volume 11, Number 2 (March 2010) Economic and Agrofood Studies in Brazil 3 Economic and Agrofood Studies in Brazil: Combining Social Networks, Convention and Social Movement Approaches Washington Consensus phase of acute liberalization. Insti- By John Wilkinson tutions had now to come to the rescue of markets and the hitherto unquestioned hierarchy of economics was chal- Graduate Center for Development, Agriculture and Society, lenged with increasing confidence. Social capital and social Rural Federal University, Rio de Janeiro networks became themes of both academic and policy [email protected] concern and while agency and transaction costs ap- proaches may prevail in micro level analyses they increas- ingly have to take on board notions of embeddedness and Introduction trust dear to economic sociology. Such concerns have been reinforced by the political legitimation of SME actors in Economic sociology has now become well entrenched in Brazil both in the urban and the rural contexts, but particu- Brazilian social sciences, evident both in academic produc- larly the latter and the Italian economic sociology of indus- tion – original articles, translations, bibliographical refer- trial districts and local development has also served as a ences – and institutional recognition – established courses model here. in a range of graduate studies, a working group for a number of years within the Brazilian graduate association Although originally from England and happy to see myself for social science, official funding for national events. It has mentioned in the review of English Economic Sociology in also become quite diversified in its thematic concerns – an earlier number of this Electronic Journal, my encounter relation to classical social theory, finance, technology, and with economic sociology has been from an eminently Bra- of course markets – and reproduces the increasing diversity zilian perspective, unsurprisingly perhaps since my aca- of analytical and theoretical currents within economic demic affiliations have been in Brazil since the early ‘80s. sociology globally. As such I have been influenced by both the above forma- tive tendencies adopting initially a political economy per- In each country economic sociology has had a different spective (which, however, I first took up, it should be rec- dynamic depending on the way the various disciplines have ognized, in England) and then engaging with a range of been consolidated and the key questions which have in- French contributions, although less Bourdieu and more formed academic traditions and Brazil is no exception. regulation, convention and actor-network theories. Political economy with a generous overture to the Marxist tradition has long been a strong influence in Brazilian social My first contact with economic sociology, however, was science allowing for an easy co-existence between political Granovetter’s classic text on embeddedness which led in science, economics and sociology approaches. A further turn to a more systematic reading of his work on social defining feature has been the strong presence of French networks which I adopted as an alternative to agent and intellectual traditions, particularly Bourdieu in anthropology transaction cost theories for my own analysis of the persis- and sociology. Economic sociology, therefore in Brazil has, tence and dynamism of local and informal agrofood mar- on the one hand, to compete with alternative inter- kets in Brazil. A year’s sabbatical in France in the early ‘90s disciplinary approaches and, on the other, finds a strong gave me the opportunity of appreciating the reception of stimulus in the increasing attention to French contributions Granovetters’s work within a broad range of social science within the consolidation of economic sociology globally. traditions – regulation and convention theory, the MAUSS current, actor-network theory and cultural anthropology. The breakthrough for economic sociology in Brazil was In particular it opened me to the potential
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