DOCSLIB.ORG

Springer Tracts in Modern Physics Volume 133

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Springer Tracts in Modern Physics Volume 133 Springer Tracts in Modern Physics Volume 133 Managing Editor: G. H6hler, Karlsruhe Editors: ]. Kiihn, Karlsruhe Th. Mfiller, Karlsruhe R. D. Peccei, Los Angeles F. Steiner, Ulm 1. Trfimper, Garching P. W61fle, Karlsruhe Honorary Editor: E. A. Niekisch, ]filich Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Barcelona Budapest HongKong London Milan Paris Santa Clara Singapore Tokyo Springer Tracts in Modern Physics Volumes 118-134 are listed at the end of the book Covering reviews with emphasis on the fields of Elementary Particle Physics, Solid-State Physics, Complex Systems, and Fundamental Astrophysics Manuscripts for publication should be addressed to the editor mainly responsible for the field concerned: Gerhard HGhler loachim Trfimper Institut ffir Theoretische Teilchenphysik Max-Planck-Institut Universit~it Karlsruhe ffir Extraterrestrische Physik Postfach 6980 Postfach 16o3 D-76128 Karlsruhe D-8574o Garching Germany Germany Fax: +49 (7 21) 37 07 26 Fax: +49 (89) 32 99 35 69 Phone: +49 (7 21) 6 08 33 75 Phone: +49 (89) 32 99 35 59 Email: h o [email protected] Email: [email protected] Johann Kfihn Peter WGlfle Institut ffir Theoretische Teilchenphysik Institut flit Theorie Universit~t Karlsruhe der Kondensierten Materie Postfach 6980 Universit~it Karlsruhe D-76128 Karlsruhe Postfach 69 80 Germany D-76128 Karlsrnhe Fax: +49 (7 21) 37 o7 26 Germany Phone: +49 (7 21) 6 08 33 72 Fax: +49 (7 21) 69 81 50 Email: [email protected] Phone: +49 (7 21) 6 08 35 9o/33 67 Email: wo [email protected] Thomas Mfiller IEKP Fakult/it ffir Physik Universit~t Karlsruhe Postfach 698o D-76128 Kartsruhe Germany Fax:+49 (7 21) 6 07 26 21 Phone: +49 (7 21) 6 08 35 24 Email: [email protected] Roberto Peccei Department of Physics University of California, Los Angeles 405 Hilgard Avenue Los Angeles, California 9oo24-1547 USA Fax: +1 31o 825 9368 Phone: +131o 825 lO42 Email: [email protected] Frank Steiner Abteilung ftir Theoretische Physik Universit~it Ulm Albert-Einstein-Alleen D-89o69 Ulm Germany Fax: +49 (7 31) 5 o2 29 24 Phone: +49 (7 31) 5 o2 29 lo Email: [email protected] H. Riffert H. M~ther H. Herold H. Ruder Matter at High Densities in Astrophysics Compact Stars and the Equation of State With 86 Figures ~ Springer Harald Riffert Herbert Miither Heinz Herold Hanns Ruder Universit/it Tiibingen Auf der Morgenstelle lO D-TzO76 Tfibingen Germany Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Mailer at high densities In astrophysics : compact stars and the equation of state / H. Herold ... - Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York ; Barcelona ; Budapest ; Hong Kong ; London ; Milan ; Paris ; Santa Clara ; Singapore ; Tokyo : Springer, 1996 (Springer tracts in modern physics ; Vol. 133) ISBN 3-540-60605-X NE: Herold, Heinz; GT Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme (PACS): 21.65.+f, 64.1o.+h, 91.3o.Ks, 96.6o.Ly, 97.2o.Rp, 97.6o.Jd ISBN 3-54o-6o6o5-x Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9,1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag.Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1996 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. 15/pesetting: Camera-ready copy from the authors using a Springer TEX macro package. Cover design: Springer-Verlag, Design & Production SPIN: 10493069 56/3144-5 4 3 2 r o - Printed on acid-free paper In Honor of Friedrich Hund' s woth Birthday Friedrich Hund on his 100th Birthday Friedrich Hund was born on the 4th of February 1896 in Karlsruhe. Thus we now have the rare opportunity to congratulate a distinguished physicist on his 100th birthday and to honor his achievements. Let us first of all recall the major stages in his life as a physicist. Hund studied in GSttingen and Marburg, and in 1921 he took the state examination in GSttingen. He spent the following year as a teacher at a high school. Dur- ing this time, Hund established contact with Max Born, who had just been appointed to the Chair of Theoretical Physics in GSttingen. This led to his working on a doctoral thesis for which he was awarded a PhD in 1922. At the same time Born offered him a position as scientific assistant, a post which Hund held until 1927. In 1925 he completed his Habilitation (the qualification needed to become a lecturer at a German university) and in 1926/27 he spent one semester in Copenhagen. In 1927 he was appointed to a professorship at the University of Rostock. From 1929 until 1946 Professor Hund was at the University of Leipzig, for the majority of this time together with Heisenberg. He then moved to the University of Jena, where he remained until 1951. He spent the years from 1951 until 1956 at the University of Frankfurt. In 1956 (after the death of Richard Becker) Hund accepted a chair at the University of GSttingen and thus returned to the place where he had begun his career as a physicist. Until only a few years ago, throughout the decades since his official retirement, Hund continued to hold regular lectures in GSttingen. Anyone who hears the name Friedrich Hund immediately thinks of the dis- covery and development of quantum theory, events which he helped to shape during his time in GSttingen. In 1922 Hund attended the famous GSttingen Lectures of Niels Bohr. When, in 1925, the old quantum theory was cast aside in favor of Heisenberg's discovery of quantum mechanics, Hund experienced this at first hand. His work during the 1920s addressed the problem of un- derstanding atomic and molecular spectra, based initially on the idea of the correspondence principle. He made essential contributions to explaining the observed multiplet structure of complicated spectra. "Hund's Rule" is to be found in all standard textbooks on quantum mechanics. In his first book, whose German title "Linienspektren und periodisches System der Elemente" translates as "Spectral Lines and the Periodic Table of the Elements" [1], he presented the results of this work. VIII Friedrich Hund on his lOOth Birthday Following the publication in 1926 of SchrSdinger's equation, Hund recog- nized how it is possible to understand the connection between the electron system of a molecule and those of separate atoms. This important insight led to the development of the Hund-Mulliken method of molecular orbitals. Works were published on the interpretation of spectra and other properties of molecules. We will have to be content here with these few keywords. Very much later, in his book on the history of quantum theory [2], Hund describes how he witnessed the creation of quantum theory. His own contributions to these developments are mentioned with his typical modesty. During his years in Leipzig, he first of all pursued the theory of molecules and of chemical bonding. His contribution to the "Handbuch der Physik" (En- cyclopedia of Physics) about the quantum mechanics of atoms and molecules was also written during this period. He then addressed his attention in par- ticular to the quantum theory of solids. A series of works dealing with the states of electrons in crystal lattices bears witness to this interest. He was also active in the field of nuclear physics and, in 1937, he published a one- particle model of the atomic nucleus. This was a forerunner of the later shell model. Towards the end of the 1930s, Hund turned his attention to the field properties of matter. He was able to show that a qualitative understanding of chemical bonding and of the production of matter could already be achieved in the classical wave picture. He began work on a monograph about the field theory of matter. However, due to the unfavorable circumstances that prevailed during and immediately after the Second World War, he was only able to complete this manuscript very much later. The book finally appeared in 1954 with the title "Materie als Feld" (Matter as Field) [3]. It contained a systematic description of the wave aspects of matter and also a particularly clear introduction to quantum field theory. In the second half of his life, Hund was particularly concerned to com- municate his knowledge and experience to younger physicists. During his last years in Leipzig he had already begun to write a textbook of theoreti- cal physics based on his lectures there. The book appeared shortly after the Second World War, its final form being the three-volume work "Theoretische Physik. Eine Einftihrung" (Theoretical Physics. An Introduction) [4], which appeared in 1956/57. Shortly after this, in 1961, he published a book "The- orie des Aufbaues der Materie" (Theory of the Structure of Matter) [5]. In the preface to this book Hund expressed very clearly his desire to provide an understanding of the foundations of physics. Anyone who has read his books can confirm that he did indeed achieve his objective. Hund has documented his thoughts about general questions of physics in very many articles and published lectures.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Spectroscopy from 1916 to 1940
    PRE-1940 Spectroscopy from 1916 to 1940 Patricia Daukantas uring the first quarter century of The Optical Society (OSA), spectroscopy led to major insights into atomic and molecular physics and paved the way for important practical D applications. Optical spectroscopy existed for decades before the formation of OSA, but it was empirical and descriptive in its nature. Spectroscopists had carefully measured the wavelengths of spectral lines associated with various elements, but the subatomic mechanisms that created these lines were not yet fully understood. Twenty-four years later, as the world lurched toward the second all-encompassing war of the twentieth century, the spectroscopic fingerprints of atoms and molecules had provided vital evidence for the emerging quantum theory. Experimentalists refined their techniques and discovered previously unknown phenomena. Spectroscopy and Quantum Mechanics A few years before OSA was formed, Niels Bohr had proposed his model of the hydrogen atom, which explained the empirical Rydberg formula for the spectral lines of atomic hydrogen, at least to a first approximation. Theodore Lyman completed his investigations of the ultraviolet emission lines of hydrogen, beginning at 1216 Å in 1914. Little happened in spectroscopy during World War I, but the field came raging back shortly after the armistice. In 1919, Arnold Sommerfeld, doctoral adviser to multiple Nobel Laureates, published Atombau und Spektralinien (Atomic Structure and Spectral Lines). William F. Meggers, who would become the 1949–1950 OSA president, opined that “spectroscopists were amazed that our meager knowledge of atomic structure and the origin of spectra could be expanded into such a big book” [1]. The same year, Sommerfeld and another German physicist, Walther Kossel, formulated the displacement law now named after them [1].
    [Show full text]
  • FILM G 239 Quantenmechanik Im Aufbruch Friedrich Hund Berichtet
    HELMUT RECHENBERG FILM G 239 Quantenmechanik im Aufbruch Friedrich Hund berichtet aus seinem Leben Sonderdruck Publ. Wiss. Film., Gesch./Publiz. 7 (1994), 93-107. HELMUT RECHENBERG: Quantenmechanik im Aufbruch — Fried• rich Hund berichtet aus seinem Leben. Film G 239. ISSN 0341-5937 IWr GÖTTINGEN 1 994 INSTITUT FÜR DEN WISSENSCHAFTLICHEN FILM Publ. Wiss. Film. Gesch./Publiz. 7 (1994), 93-107 HELMUT RECHENBERG Quantenmechanik im Aufbruch Friedrich Hund berichtet aus seinem Leben Film G 239 Allgemeine Vorbemerkungen Friedrich Hund, heute der Nestor der Physik in Deutschland, wurde am 4. Februar 1896 in Karlsruhe geboren. Er studierte von 1915 bis 1922 Physik und Mathematik an den Universitäten Göttingen und Marburg. In Göttingen promovierte er 1922 bei Max Born mit einer Arbeit aus der Atomtheorie, blieb dann bei ihm als Assistent, nur unterbrochen durch einen Forschungsaufenthalt in Kopenhagen (1926—1927), bis er 1927 als Extraordinarius an die Universität Rostock berufen wurde. 1929 kam er auf dem zweiten Lehrstuhl für theore• tische Physik zu Peter Debye und Werner Heisenberg nach Leipzig, 1946 wech• selte er nach Jena, 1951 nach Frankfurt am Main und schließlich 1956 nach Göttingen. 1964 wurde er dort emeritiert. Bedingt durch äußere Umstände, den Militärdienst im Ersten Weltkrieg und Lehrertätigkeit danach, begann Hund erst als 25jähriger mit der eigentlichen Forschung. Er wurde unverzüglich einer der fleißigsten Mitarbeiter Borns, als der sich ab 1922 anschickte, die Quantentheorie der Atome von Niels Bohr und Arnold Sommerfeld, die oft als die „ältere Quantentheorie" bezeichnet wird, systematisch anzuwenden und zu analysieren. Hund gelangen einige wichtige Erfolge, vor allem in der Entwirrung der komplizierten Spektren, die auch die spätere Entwicklung der Quantenmechanik überdauerten.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of the Quantum-Mechanical Electron Theory of Metals: 1928---1933
    The development of the quantum-mechanical electron theory of metals: 1S28—1933 Lillian Hoddeson and Gordon Bayrn Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, illinois 6180f Michael Eckert Deutsches Museum, Postfach 260102, 0-8000 Munich 26, Federal Republic of Germany We trace the fundamental developments and events, in their intellectual as well as institutional settings, of the emergence of the quantum-mechanical electron theory of metals from 1928 to 1933. This paper contin- ues an earlier study of the first phase of the development —from 1926 to 1928—devoted to finding the gen- eral quantum-mechanical framework. Solid state, by providing a large and ready number of concrete prob- lems, functioned during the period treated here as a target of application for the recently developed quan- tum mechanics; a rush of interrelated successes by numerous theoretical physicists, including Bethe, Bloch, Heisenberg, Peierls, Landau, Slater, and Wilson, established in these years the network of concepts that structure the modern quantum theory of solids. We focus on three examples: band theory, magnetism, and superconductivity, the former two immediate successes of the quantum theory, the latter a persistent failure in this period. The history revolves in large part around the theoretical physics institutes of the Universi- ties of Munich, under Sommerfeld, Leipzig under Heisenberg, and the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) in Zurich under Pauli. The year 1933 marked both a climax and a transition; as the lay- ing of foundations reached a temporary conclusion, attention began to shift from general formulations to computation of the properties of particular solids. CONTENTS mechanics of electrons in a crystal lattice (Bloch, 1928); these were followed by the further development in Introduction 287 1928—1933 of the quantum-mechanical basis of the I.
    [Show full text]
  • Nachlass Physiker 4.2.1896 – 31.3.1997
    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen Nachlass FRIEDRICH HUND Physiker 4.2.1896 – 31.3.1997 Akzessionsnummern: Acc. Mss. 1997.12. - Acc. Mss. 1997.17. – Acc. Mss. 2006.14 Umfang: 13 Kst. Seite Cod. Ms. F. Hund 1 – 258: Hauptteil (Acc. Mss. 1997.12), katalogisiert 1997 Cod. Ms. F. Hund 1-5: Biographisches 1 Cod. Ms. F. Hund 20-29: Frühe Manuskripte 2 Cod. Ms. F. Hund 50-69: Seminare / Vorlesungen 4 Cod. Ms. F. Hund 100-204: Vorträge 7 Cod. Ms. F. Hund 250-258: 20 Manuskripte für Veröffentlichungen Cod. Ms. F. Hund 290-292: 22 Sammlungen von Exzerpten und Notizen Cod. Ms. F. Hund 290 – 366: Ergänzungen (Acc. Mss. 1997.17; Acc. Mss. 2006.14), katalogisiert 2007 Cod. Ms. F. Hund 300-309: 24 Zeugnisse und Urkunden bis 1925 Cod. Ms. F. Hund 310-318: Werdegang 26 Cod. Ms. F. Hund 319-325: 30 Korrespondenz zu nicht angenommenen Berufungen Cod. Ms. F. Hund 326-338: Ehrungen 32 Cod. Ms. F. Hund 339-353: Briefe 34 Cod. Ms. F. Hund 354-366: Varia 37 Personenregister 40 Göttingen 2007 Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen Nachlass Friedrich Hund Cod. Ms. F. Hund 1 – 5 : Hauptteil ; Biographisches COD. MS. F. HUND 1 Hund, Friedrich Lebenslauf o.O., o.J. [nach 1974]. – Ts.; 5 Ex. (je 3 S.) 1. Ex.: Reinschrift; 2. Ex.: Entw. (Ts.) m. hs. Korr. 3. - 5. Ex.: Durchschr. d. 1. Ex. Vgl. dazu Cod. Ms. F. Hund 318 COD. MS. F. HUND 2 Hund, Friedrich Mathematisches Tagebuch Naumburg; Göttingen; Marburg; Wilhelmshaven; Kopenhagen, 1912- 01.04.1927. – Ms.; 78 Bl. (geb.) Im vorderen Einbanddeckel befindet sich eine Übersicht WS 1919/20 – SS 1927 Titelbl.: 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Werner Heisenberg*
    WERNER HEISENBERG* (1901-1976) Ivan Todorov Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1 D-37077 Göttingen, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] and Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Tsarigradsko Chaussee 72, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. A brief review of Heisenberg's life and work: participating in the youth movement in the aftermath of World War I, creating quantum mechanics, conflict with “deutsche Physik”, involvement in “Hitler's Uranium Project”, last illusions. Problems and dilemmas for scientists under a dictatorship – East and West. Years ago, at the Symposium on Contemporary Physics in Trieste, in June 1968, a colleague from Israel left the audience when Heisenberg was to start his lecture – to demonstrate his contempt of a “Nazi collaborator”. Samuel Goudsmit (1902-1978), the scientific head of the Alsos1 mission, has also manifested strong negative feelings2 in his 1947 book [G]. The passions are still alive: the insightful 1998 play [F], in which different versions of Heisenberg’s 1941 meeting with Bohr in Germany occupied Copenhagen are rehearsed, provoked a heated discussion on the pages of Physics Today [PT] among historians and some over 90 years old witnesses of those days3. The moral questions about Heisenberg’s behaviour in the Nazi period lead us to the more general topic of the scientist under a dictatorship, a topic which concerns not only Germans. This motivates the focus in the present article. Of the many achievements of Heisenberg starting with his doctorate (with Sommerfeld) on turbulence, going through his seminal contributions to atomic and nuclear physics, to the foundations of quantum field theory and the theory of ferromagnetism, I shall only briefly touch upon his 1925 paper on the matrix formulation of quantum mechanics and mention his late attempt to construct a unified quantum field theory involving a fundamental length.
    [Show full text]
  • Hundred Years of Electron in Physics
    HUNDRED YEARS OF ELECTRON IN PHYSICS Helmut Rechenberg Max Planck Institute f¨ur Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut) F¨ohringer Ring 6, D-80805 Munich, Germany I. Introduction I.1 The discovery of the electron (1897) [1] The idea of a smallest electrically charged particle was fairly common among the physicists of the 19th century, though it became quite pushed into the background, when James Clerk Maxwell’s field-theoretical electrodynamics defeated after 1870 the competing particle with the action-at-a-distance theories of Wilhelm Weber, Rudolf Clausius and others. Still the concept survived: Thus Hermann von Helmholtz emphasized in his 1881 Faraday Lecture the possibility of an ‘atom of electricity’, and the Dutch theoretician Hendrik Antoon Lorentz – starting from a theory of diffraction of light (PhD thesis 1875) – developed in the 1890s an electrodynamics of moving (charged) bodies based on the existence of what the Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoney baptized in 1891 the ‘electron’. The true discovery of the electron then happened six years later, in connection with an analysis of two different sets of phenomena. The first approach emerged from the detailed study of cathode rays. Though they were found already in 1858 by Julius Pl¨ucker, physicist still debated their nature in the 1890s – thus Cromwell F. Varley and William Crookes in England preferred a particle explanation, while Heinrich Hertz in Germany argued against this (since his experiments revealed no influence of electric fields). When Hertz’s assistant Philipp Lenard succeeded to obtain in 1893 cathode rays in a discharge-free space (through a thin metallic foil, the ‘Lenard window’), a new experimental epoch began.
    [Show full text]
  • Erich Hückel (1896–1980) Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science
    ERICH HÜCKEL (1896–1980) BOSTON STUDIES IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Editors ROBERT S. COHEN, Boston University JÜRGEN RENN, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science KOSTAS GAVROGLU, University of Athens Editorial Advisory Board THOMAS F. GLICK, Boston University ADOLF GRÜNBAUM, University of Pittsburgh SYLVAN S. SCHWEBER, Brandeis University JOHN J. STACHEL, Boston University MARX W. WARTOFSKY†, (Editor 1960–1997) VOLUME 283 For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/5710 ERICH HÜCKEL (1896 –1980) From Physics to Quantum Chemistry ANDREAS KARACHALIOS Translated by Ann M. Hentschel 123 Andreas Karachalios Ernst-Reuter-Str. 14 55130 Mainz Germany [email protected] ISBN 978-90-481-3559-2 e-ISBN 978-90-481-3560-8 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-3560-8 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009939498 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) To the memory of my friend, Thanos Liarommatis Acknowledgments It is a pleasure for me to thank those persons who lent me their support. David Rowe and Moritz Epple offered guidance and commentary during the growing stages of this work.
    [Show full text]
  • Werner Heisenberg: the Columbus of Quantum Mechanics
    ANNIVERSARY Werner Heisenberg: the Columbus of quantum mechanics This year marks the centenary of the birth of Werner Heisenberg, pioneer of quantum mechanics and theoretical high-energy physics. Helmut Rechenberg, Heisenberg's last postgraduate, co-editor of his collected works and co-author of the multivolume opus The Historical Development of Quantum Theory, traces the life of a quantum figurehead. This year, 5 December marks the centenary of Heisenberg's first paper in this field in 1922, Werner Heisenberg's birth. It is to him that we Sommerfeld remarked to Heisenberg's father: owe the first breakthrough of modern atomic "You belong to an irreproachable family of theory-the invention of quantum mechanics. philologists, and now you have the misfortune His famous uncertainty relations were a of seeing the sudden appearance of a mathe­ central part of its interpretation. He also estab­ matical-physical genius in your family." In his lished several fundamental quantum mechan­ PhD thesis, Heisenberg suggested the first ics applications and pioneered the extension method for deriving the critical Reynolds num­ of the theory to high-energy phenomena. ber, marking the transition from laminar to Werner Heisenberg, born in Wurzburg, came turbulent motion. In spite of this brilliant work, from an academic family and after 1910 grew he nearly failed the experimental part of the up in Munich, where he graduated with doctoral exam with Willy Wien. distinction from high school in 1920. He stud­ ied under Arnold Sommerfeld at the University The breakthrough of Munich, obtaining his PhD in July 1923 and In 1923, contemporary atomic theory was in a then went on to work under Max Born in Fame through uncertainty: quantum deep crisis.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the Robert S. Mulliken Papers 1908-1985
    University of Chicago Library Guide to the Robert S. Mulliken Papers 1908-1985 © 2007 University of Chicago Library Table of Contents Descriptive Summary 3 Information on Use 3 Access 3 Citation 3 Biographical Note 3 Scope Note 5 Related Resources 7 Subject Headings 7 INVENTORY 8 Series I: Biographical Materials 8 Subseries 1: Personal 8 Subseries 2: Memorabilia 9 Subseries 3: Political and special interest activities 11 Series II: Correspondence 13 Subseries 1: Individuals 14 Subseries 2: Book Correspondence 51 Series III: Scientific and Professional Activities 53 Subseries 1: Special Annual Conference and Symposia 53 Subseries 2: General conferences, symposia and visits 55 Subseries 3: Talks 64 Subseries 4: Research notes and related materials 73 Subseries 5: Glass photographic plates 87 Subseries 6: Reprints of articles by Mulliken 87 Series IV: University of Chicago 89 Subseries 1: General 89 Subseries 2: Physical Sciences Division 90 Subseries 3: Department of Physics 90 Subseries 4: Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Spectra (LMSS) 92 Sub-subseries 1: General 93 Subseries 5: LMSS Research Reports 93 Subseries 6: LMSS Personnel 94 Subseries 7: Grants and Contracts 94 Subseries 8: LMSS miscellaneous 98 Subseries 9: Department of Chemistry 99 Subseries 10: Course notes 100 Series V: Oversize 106 Descriptive Summary Identifier ICU.SPCL.MULLIKEN Title Mulliken, Robert S. Papers Date 1908-1985 Size 63 linear ft. (130 boxes) Repository Special Collections Research Center University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A. Abstract The papers of Robert S. Mulliken, comprising 63 linear feet, document most aspects of his long and successful career in the field of chemical physics from the 1920s through 1985.
    [Show full text]
  • Practising the Correspondence Principle in the Old Quantum Theory: Franck, Hund and the Ramsauer Effect
    CHAPTER 2.3 Practising the correspondence principle in the old quantum theory: Franck, Hund and the Ramsauer effect Martin*Jähnert Abstract The paper discusses the work of James Franck and Friedrich Hund on the Ramsauer effect as an example for the reception and adaptation of the correspond­ CONFERENCE A ence principle in the old quantum theory. In their at­ tempt to account for the Ramsauer effect, Franck and FROM Hund incorporated the correspondence principle into their description of electron scattering and encoun­ tered several problems in the correspondence ap­ PROCEEDINGS proach. In reaction to these challenges, Franck and Hund adapted the principle and developed both a new ATOM: interpretation of the correspondence principle and a BOHR new understanding of scattering processes. THE OF Key words: Correspondence principle; reception; ap­ YEARS plication; Ramsauer effect; James Franck; Friedrich Hund. HUNDRED ONE • I SCI.DAN.M. * Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin. E-mail: mjaehnert@mpiwg- berlin.mpg.de 200 SCI.DAN.M. I PRACTISING THE CORRESPONDENCE PRINCIPLE 1. Introduction: The dispersion and adaptation of the correspondence principle In 1922 Niels Bohr was frustrated with the reception of his work on the quantum theory of the atom. Complaining to Arnold Sommer­ feld, he wrote: “[ijn the last years ... my attempts to develop the principles of quantum theory ... were met with very little under­ standing.”1 2Thereby he diagnosed that his foundational ideas - most importantly the correspondence principle8 - had not played an im­ portant role in the rapid developments of the quantum theory of the atom outside of Copenhagen. Physicists outside of Copenhagen had understood the core idea of the correspondence principle in a remarkably homogenous way: the principle, they knew, connected the Fourier-representation of the radiating system with its radiation spectrum.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Science Department University of Aarhus
    History of Science Department University of Aarhus HELGE KRAGH Quantum Interdisciplinarity Friedrich Hund and Early Quantum Chemistry Hosta, No. 4, 2000 Work-in-Progress Hosta (History Of Science and Technology, Aarhus) is a series of publications initiated in 2000 at the History of Science Department at the University of Aarhus in order to provide opportunity for historians of science and technology outside the Department to get a glimpse of some of the ongoing or recent works at the Department by reserachers and advanced students. As most issues contain work in progress, comments to the authors are greatly valued. Publication is only made electronically on the web site of the Department (www.ifa.au.dk/ivh/hosta/home.dk.htm). The issues can freely be printed as pdf-documents. The web site also contains a full list of issues. ISSN: 1600-7433 History of Science Department University of Aarhus Ny Munkegade, building 521 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark Hund Centennial, p. 1 Invited paper given at symposium in Göttingen, the Georg-August Universität, 6 February 1996, in honour of the 100th birthday of Friedrich Hund Helge Kragh Quantum Interdisciplinarity: Friedrich Hund and Early Quantum Chemistry In an often quoted and deservedly famous – or rather, perhaps, infamous – statement from the introduction to one of his papers, Paul Dirac wrote in 1929 that "quantum mechanics is now almost complete ... [and] the underlying physical laws necessary for the mathematical theory of a large part of physics and the whole of chemistry are thus completely known."1 According to Dirac's reductionist view, chemistry was then subsumed under the laws of physics, although he admitted that "the difficulty is only that the exact application of these laws leads to equations much too complicated to be soluble." But in principle, on the fundamental level (the only one which Dirac cared about) chemistry was claimed to be reduced to physics and in this sense explained.
    [Show full text]
  • Carl Auer Von Welsbach (1858-1929) - a Famous Austrian Chemist Whose Services Have Citation: G
    Firenze University Press www.fupress.com/substantia Carl Auer von Welsbach (1858-1929) - A Famous Austrian Chemist Whose Services Have Citation: G. Löffler (2019) Carl Auer von Welsbach (1858-1929) - A famous Been Forgotten for Modern Physics Austrian chemist whose services have been forgotten for modern physics. Substantia 3(2) Suppl. 5: 91-107. doi: 10.13128/Substantia-404 Gerd Löffler Copyright: © 2019 G. Löffler. This is A-9201 Krumpendorf (6/2019) an open access, peer-reviewed article E-mail: [email protected] published by Firenze University Press (http://www.fupress.com/substantia) and distributed under the terms of the Abstract. Carl Auer von Welsbach (1858-1929) was a chemist and entrepreneur Creative Commons Attribution License, famous beyond the borders of Austria, with good contacts to well-known chemists which permits unrestricted use, distri- and physicists in Europe. This is evidenced by his extensive correspondence and the bution, and reproduction in any medi- shipment of his rare earth preparations to known researchers. In 1895 he discovered um, provided the original author and the elements neodymium and praseodymium and in 1905 the elements ytterbium and source are credited. lutetium. In his time he was considered a specialist for the rare earth elements (REE). Data Availability Statement: All rel- He received his doctorate from Robert Bunsen in Heidelberg (1880-1882). Spectral evant data are within the paper and its analysis was his domain. His ability to neatly separate the chemically very similar SE Supporting Information files. elements from the minerals (e.g. monazite sand) to the then-known and further devel- oped principle of “fractional crystallization” also made relatively accurate investigations Competing Interests: The Author(s) of the magnetic properties of these elements possible.
    [Show full text]