Fouling Bryozoan Fauna from Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt. II. Encrusting Species

Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research (2016) xxx, xxx–xxx

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FULL LENGTH ARTICLE Fouling bryozoan fauna from Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt. II. Encrusting species

Khaled Mahmoud Abdelsalam

National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Qayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt

Received 14 April 2016; revised 17 October 2016; accepted 23 October 2016

KEYWORDS Abstract The current work aims to present systematic information about encrusting fouling bry- Neocheilostomina; ozoan fauna collected from Hurghada, Egyptian Red Sea. During September 2015, scraped fouling Taxonomy; samples were collected from beneath the jetty of the National Institute of Oceanography and Fish- New records; eries, Red Sea branch, Egypt. Five species of encrusting bryozoan are recorded in the present study. Egyptian Red Sea These are Celleporaria aperta, Parasmittina egyptiaca, Watersipora subtorquata, Hippopodina feegeensis and Scorpiodinipora costulata, afﬁliating to 5 families, which belong to the suborder Neocheilostomina. Parasmittina egyptiaca, Hippopodina feegeensis and Scorpiodinipora costulata are new records from Hurghada, Red Sea waters. Descriptions of the recorded species are given with illustrative photos as well as their geographical distribution and habitats. Ó 2016 National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries. Hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Introduction (1826) who identified 67 species of Bryozoa collected by Savi- gny from the Mediterranean and Red Seas. The precise collect- Bryozoans inhabit variable marine ecosystems, mainly coastal, ing sites for most of the species were not mentioned. In 1924, wherever the substrata are available. They are mainly benthic the Cambridge Expedition to the Suez Canal explored the invertebrate animals, forming colonies (Zabala and Maluquer, Polyzoan collection and recorded 24 species that were pub- 1988). Settling on artificial substrata, bryozoans represent one lished by Hastings (1927). Apart from the Indonesian and of the principal components of fouling communities (Pisano, New Guinean material, the monographs of Siboga Expedition 1979; Boyer, 1984). It is worth mentioning that phylum Bry- by Harmer (1926, 1957) comprise descriptions of 35 bryozoa has been erected by Ehrenberg (1831) based on samples ozoans, some of which were collected by the author during collected from the Egyptian waters (Alexandria in the Mediter- his visit to the biological station at Hurghada (Ghardaqa), ranean Sea, and Suez in the Red Sea). Moreover, the type spe- northern Red Sea, in 1934. cies of Zoobotryon pellucidus stimulated Ehrenberg to propose During his mission in Egypt (December 1927–March 1929), a phylum ‘‘Bryozoa” to be separated from ‘‘Anthozoa”. Robert Ph. Dollfus collected 44 bryozoan species from the Studies of bryozoan fauna from the Egyptian Red Sea are Gulf of Aqaba, Gulf of Suez and Suez Canal (Balavoine, scarce. First bryozoan study in Egypt goes back to Audouin 1959). This record consisted of four species of Cyclostomes and 40 species of Cheilostomes. Eitan (1972) identified 14 bryozoan species collected from the Suez Canal and among those, E-mail address: [email protected] 11 were new for this area, the three previously known species Peer review under responsibility of National Institute of Oceanography being Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758), Watersipora and Fisheries. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2016.10.004 1687-4285 Ó 2016 National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries. Hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Please cite this article in press as: Abdelsalam, K.M. Fouling bryozoan fauna from Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt. II. Encrusting species. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2016.10.004 2 Kh.M. Abdelsalam subovoidea (d’Orbigny, 1852) and Celleporaria aperta (Hincks, were preserved in 70% ethanol, in the Collection of Taxonomy 1882). A new clarification was given by d’Hondt (2006) for the & Biodiversity of Aquatic Biota (TBAB), Laboratory of the plates of ‘‘Polyps-Bryozoa” in the description of Egyptian National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria fauna presented by Audouin (1826). Recently, Ostrovsky branch, Egypt. Specimens were examined under a stereoscopic et al. (2011) provided an extensive account of bryozoan light microscope (model Novex P-20, with total magnification research in the Red Sea. up to 80 X) and monoscopic microscope (model BEL Bio-1-T, Knowledge of the Egyptian records of fouling bryozoans in with total magnification up to 400 X), and photographed by the Red Sea is low and few informative because the available Nikon digital camera (model D5000) equipped with a special papers generally provide uncommented species lists. adaptor for attaching to the microscopes. Size of colony was Ghobashy et al. (1980) listed 13 species in the Suez Canal, determined according to the maximum number of zooids per Ghobashy and El-Komy (1981a,b) recorded 5 and 10 species colony (i.e. Small with <100 zooids; moderate with >100 from Lake Timsah and the South region of Suez Canal, respec- and <200 zooids; and large with >300 zooids). Descriptions tively. Ramadan (1986) recorded 21 species of fouling bry- of the recorded species are provided with illustrative photos; ozoans in the northern part of the Suez Canal from Port as well as; their geographical distribution and habitats. In Said in the north to El-Ferdan in the south. El-Komi (1992) the present work, much literature was consulted for identifica- studied the marine fouling in Ghardaqa (Hurghada) and listed tion (e.g. Harmer, 1926, 1957; Balavoine, 1959; d’Hondt, 1988, only 3 species of encrusting bryozoans: Schizoporella errata, 2006; Hayward and Parker, 1994; Tilbrook, 1999, 2006; Watersipora subovoidea, and Cryptosula pallasiana. El-Komi Tilbrook et al., 2001; Ryland et al., 2009; Vieira et al., 2014). et al. (1998) recorded 7 species in the Suez Bay and Emara The current higher-taxonomic position of the species is given (2002) listed 4 species in the northern region of the Suez Gulf. according to Bock and Gordon (2013). Emara and Belal (2004) recorded 8 species in the Bitter Lakes In the text, measurements of bryozoan zooids (in microm- and Lake Timsah along the Suez Canal. A total of 27 bry- eters) are given as mean ± standard deviation, observed ozoan species was recorded in the Egyptian Red Sea. However, range, and (in parentheses) the number of specimens exam- there is no recent study concerning the systematic of the foul- ined. Autozooid length (ZL) and width (ZW) are as measured ing bryozoan fauna from Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt. This arti- at the colony surface. A cleaning agent (diluted Clorox or cle may fill that gap. domestic household bleach) was used for better observation of the encrusting species. Material and methods Results Samples of marine fouling were scraped from beneath the jetty of the National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Red The present study yielded 5 species of encrusting fouling bry- Sea branch, Hurghada, Egypt (Fig. 1). Sampling was done ozoans affiliating to 5 families (Lepraliellidae, Smittinidae, during September, 2015. The collected materials were pre- Watersiporidae, Hippopodinidae and Hippoporidridae, under served in 10% formalin. the suborder Neocheilostomina of order Cheilostomata, In the laboratory, samples of encrusting bryozoan fauna belonging to class Gymnolaemata. Each family is represented were recorded and isolated for identification. The specimens by one genus and one species. Family Lepraliellidae is repre-

Figure 1 Location map. (A). Geographical location of Hurghada on the Egyptian Red Sea. (B). Enlarged map showing the sampling area (the jetty of the National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries).

Plate I Celleporaria aperta. A. General aspect. B. Enlarged part of the colony showing various types of avicularia and suboral avicularium (arrow). C. Oriﬁce of the autozooid showing oral spines (arrows). D. Interzooidal avicularium with serrated rostral margin. E. Large interzooidal avicularium.

(2014) that formal specific determination of the Mediterranean ? Smittina egyptiaca: Harmer, 1957: 937, 938, pl. 64, figs. 21, and Atlantic specimens is needed thorough comparisons with 22, 29–31. the Pacific material of C. brunnea, including Hincks’s type. Not Smittina egyptiaca: Balavoine, 1959: 275, pl. 4, fig. 7. General distribution and habitat: C. aperta seems to be Parasmittina egyptiaca: Powell, 1967: 171, pls. 3, 13, widely distributed in the western Pacific, from the South China Powell, 1969b: 361, fig. 4; Harmelin et al., 2009: 166–169, Sea to Queensland, and throughout the East Indies, ranging fig. 2. from Sri Lanka to East Africa (Ryland and Hayward, 1992). It was reported also from West Africa, Cape Verde Islands Materials: TBAB (BR-2015-2-2), three small and two mod- (Cook, 1968, 1985), Caribbean (Jackson et al., 1985), Red erate colonies. Sea (Waters, 1909; Harmer, 1957; Powell, 1967) and the Suez Description: Colony encrusting, unilaminar in most cases, Canal (Hastings, 1927). occasionally multilaminar in small colony portions. Auto- It was first recorded on the Israeli Mediterranean coast and zooids with different shapes but generally quadrangular to considered as a Lessepsian migrant by Powell (1969a). He indi- hexagonal, arranged radially and biserial, measuring ZL cated that this marine bryozoan species tolerates very high (485 ± 82 lm), 375–710 lm(n = 15), ZW (320 ± 60 lm), salinity and lives in a wide bathymetric range from the surface 270–590 lm(n = 15). Frontal shield moderately convex, to 366 m depth. markedly nodular, with a single series of 12–18 large marginal Local distribution: Celleporaria aperta was previously pores. Primary orifice subcircular, slightly broader than long; recorded in the Suez Canal (Hastings, 1927) and Hurghada, distal rim smooth; lyrula relatively broad, non alate; two con- North Red Sea (Harmer, 1957). dyles digitate or a little broader, slightly down curved, with denticulate tip (4–6 teeth). Majority of adventitious avicularia Superfamily: Smittinoidea (Levinsen, 1909) are small and pointed or blunt, located near the orifice. Oper- Family: Smittinidae (Levinsen, 1909) culum with chitinous ridge, curved upwards on each side and Genus Parasmittina (Osburn, 1952) nearly meeting towards the middle of the operculum. Ovicell Parasmittina egyptiaca (Waters, 1909) hyperstomial, broader than long, slightly convex, with variable Plate II irregularly shaped and sized pores. Remarks: This species is characterized by the primary ori- Synonyms: fice, which is entirely visible frontally, with a square- rounded outline and a low, broad lyrula with straight distal edge and Smittina egyptiaca Waters, 1909: 157, pl. 15, figs. 6, 9; concave lateral sides without denticles. The shape of the con- Hastings, 1927: 342–345, figs. 85–87. dyles is highly diagnostic. Hastings (1927) gave details about

Plate II Parasmittina egyptiaca. A. General aspect of colony showing ovicells (arrows). B. Two adjacent zooids (arrow shows condyle). C. Operculum of the autozooid showing the lyrula and the chitinous ridges. D. Enlarged part of oriﬁce showing detail of condyle.

Please cite this article in press as: Abdelsalam, K.M. Fouling bryozoan fauna from Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt. II. Encrusting species. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2016.10.004 Fouling bryozoan fauna from Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt. II. Encrusting species 5 the chitinous ridge of operculum for the specimens collected variably elevated. Condyles triangular, projecting tooth-like along the Suez Canal. She indicated that five types of avicu- distomedially into the distal portion of orifice. Operculum pig- laria could be recognized, which were variable in sizes and mented, with a broad, parallel-sided dark central band, paler positions. The specimen illustrated by Hastings (1927) shows peripheral regions, and two white spots (lucidae) proximally, the orifice, numerous small avicularia with pointed rostra each adjacent to the condyle. External ovicells, orificial spines and a giant spatulate avicularium in the same lateral position and avicularia lacking. No data available about lophophore. as in the Lebanese specimens recently described by Harmelin Remarks: Watersipora subtorquata is characterized by the et al. (2009). However, giant avicularia are rare in the Leba- shape of orifice and operculum. The sinus of the suborbicular nese material and may be entirely absent in some colonies. orifice is demarcated by triangular condyles. The operculum In the procured specimen, no giant spatulate avicularium can has a parallel-sided dark band and two well-defined lucidae be seen. Colonies are encrusting small cavities and rocks. adjacent to the condyles. Latero-oral intrazooidal septula is General distribution and habitat: Parasmittina egyptiaca was absent; this character is important to the discrimination distributed early along the Sudanese Red Sea coast and Sinai between W. subtorquata and the similar species W. subatra coast (Waters, 1909) and in the Suez Canal (Hastings, 1927). (previously assigned as W. subovoidea). The operculum should Recently, it was presumed to be a Red Sea immigrant due its be removed in order to clarify the diagnostic shape of the con- persistence in the Levant area (Harmelin et al., 2009). The dyles. Vieira et al. (2014) indicated a lophophore with 20–22 habitat types included caves and small cavities, overhangs, bio- tentacles. Colonies are encrusting rocks and empty shells. concretions (bioherms) and shells, and ranged from 3 to 34 m General distribution and habitat: Watersipora subtorquata depth (Harmelin et al., 2009). has a virtually cosmopolitan distribution in warm temperate Local distribution: Parasmittina egyptiaca was previously to tropical waters. It is distributed in the Atlantic Ocean (Bra- recorded as Smittia egyptiaca in the Suez Canal by Hastings zil, Caribbean, Virgin Islands, Florida, Cape Verde, Senegal, (1927), from Port Taufiq (Suez side entrance) to the Great Bit- Ghana and South Africa), Mediterranean Sea (Italy, Alexan- ter Lake. It has been recorded in the Mediterranean (Harmelin dria), Red Sea, Arabian Sea and Pacific (China Sea, Korea, et al., 2009). Being common along the coast of Lebanon attests Hawaii and Australia) (Vieira et al., 2014). It is a common fou- that it is well established in the Levant. The present record of ler in bays, harbors, offshore oil and gas platforms, and natu- Parasmittina egyptiaca is the first from Hurghada, Red Sea. ral reefs. Rocks, shells, docks, vessel hulls, pilings, debris, kelp holdfasts, and other bryozoans are suitable substrates for the Family: Watersiporidae (Vigneaux, 1949) growth of W. subtorquata. Genus: Watersipora (Neviani, 1895) Local distribution: It is likely that, this species was previ- Watersipora subtorquata (d’Orbigny, 1852) ously recorded as Lepralia?cucullata from Suez (Waters, Plate III 1909). It was listed as Watersipora cucullata from the Suez Canal (Ghobashy et al., 1980; Ghobashy and El-Komy, Synonyms 1981b). However, Vieira et al. (2014) have examined the specimens studied by Waters (1909) and assigned it to W. subtor- Cellepora subtorquata d’Orbigny, 1852: 399. quata. They also examined specimens (NHMUK 1981.4.1.2, Lepralia? cucullata Waters, 1909: 150, pl. 15, fig. 1. dry slide, Schizoporella cucullata) from Hurghada, and Watersipora cucullata: Hastings, 1930: 729, pl. 15, figs. 102; assigned it to W. subtorquata. Marcus, 1937: 118, pl. 24, fig. 63A, B; Marcus, 1938: 46; Osburn, 1952: 472, pl. 56, fig. 4. Superfamily: Schizoporelloidea (Jullien, 1883) Dakaria subovoidea Harmer, 1957: 1022–1024, pl. 69, fig. Family: Hippopodinidae (Levinsen, 1909) 11–13. Genus: Hippopodina (Levinsen, 1909) Watersipora edmondsoni Soule and Soule, 1968: 215, pl. 2, Hippopodina feegeensis (Busk, 1884) fig. 3 Plate IV Watersipora subovoidea: Ryland, 1974: 345, fig. 3A; Winston, 1982: 139, fig. 66; Ryland et al., 2009: 54, figs. Synonyms: 4C, D, G, H; Ramalho et al., 2011: 772, fig. 3. Watersipora subtorquata: Soule and Soule, 1975: 302, 304, Lepralia feegeensis Busk, 1884: 144, pl.22, figs. 9a, 9b. pl. 2, figs. 3, 5, pl. 3, fig. 3; d’Hondt, 1988: 199, figs. 6.1– Hippopodina feegeensis Levinsen, 1909 (in part): 353, pl.24, 2; Seo, 1999: 222, fig. 1; Florence et al., 2007: 39, fig. 14I, fig. 3a, 3c, 3e, 3f; Hastings, 1930: 729; Marcus, 1939: 116; J; Abdel Salam and Ramadan, 2008: 9, fig. 3; Vieira Osburn, 1940: 412; Harmer, 1957: 974, pl.67, figs. 8, 9; et al., 2014: 155–162, figs. 1–5, 12–16, 18–24, 67, 70, Table 1. Powell, 1967: 169, pl. 2, fig. 11; Powell, 1971: 771; Banta and Carson, 1977: 413; Winston, 1984:19; Hayward, 1988: Materials: TBAB (BR-2015-2-3), four moderate colonies. 319; Ryland and Hayward, 1992: 256, fig. 17a; Tilbrook, Description: Colonies encrusting, slightly foliaceous, 1999: 451, fig. 1a-f; Tilbrook et al., 2001:88, fig. 18A. brownish-purple in life. Zooids almost subrectangular in Cosciniopsis fallax: Canu and Bassler, 1929: 276, text-fig. shape; large, distinct, sometimes more than twice as long as 113A-D, pl. 28, fig. 7. wide. Variable length and width of zooids, measuring ZL (810 ± 85 lm), 650–1000 lm(n = 15), and ZW (350 Materials: TBAB (BR-2015-2-4), one large and two moder- ±90lm), 330–450 lm(n = 15). Frontal wall rather flat to ate colonies. slightly convex, with numerous large rounded pseudopores. Description: Colony encrusting, often extensive. The color Orifice large, subcircular to oval, wider than long; with a prox- of the preserved sample is a whitish-paige, with dark opercu- imal sinus demarcated by the condyles; surrounding rim lum and avicularia. Autozooids rectangular, generally

Plate III Watersipora subtorquata. A. General aspect. B. Enlarged zooid with orifice. C. Orifice and operculum showing the parallel- sided of the median dark band. D. Triangular condyle of the orifice after removal of operculum (arrows). E. close-up of orifice showing the absence of latero-oral intrazooidal septulum. separated by well-defined grooves, measuring ZL (1010 (South Pacific Ocean) have straight proximal margins to the ±95lm), 900–1250 lm(n = 10), ZW (710 ± 85 lm), 660– primary orifice; material from Australia has a convex proximal 790 lm(n = 10). Frontal wall convex, evenly perforated with edge whereas material from the Low Isles (Great Barrier Reef) numerous small pores. Primary orifice hoof-shaped; rounded has a very concave proximal margin. These differ from the pre- distally, wider than the proximal margin that is slightly con- sent specimen, which has a slightly concave proximal margin cave; with two prominent lateral condyles. Adventitious avic- to the orifice. It is likely that these geographical differences ularia generally single, positioned distolaterally to the orifice, are not sufficient for erection of a separate species, and the medially orientated; raised rostra, with variant lengths; acute majority of the morphological characters seen in the type triangular mandible and complete crossbar. Ovicell rounded, material are constant. Ristedt and Hillmer (1985) illustrated evenly perforate, embedded in a concavity, placed on the fron- Hippopodina feegeensis from Cebu, Philippines, with a pair tal wall of distal zooid, very large, lightly calcified. Proximal of proximomedially pointing avicularia positioned well distal margin of orifice in ovicellate zooids wider than that of auto- of the primary orifice. Banta and Carson (1977) studied H. zooids; operculum closes orifice. feegeensis from Costa Rica and focused on the avicularia, dis- Remarks: Colonies are encrusting rocks and broken shells. tinguishing a morphotype A (Pacific) showing distally oriented This species is characterized by the shape and positioning of avicularia, and a morphotype B (Atlantic) showing proximally the avicularia, the dimorphism in the size of the orifices oriented avicularia. They also indicated that the number of between autozooids and ovicellate zooids (Powell, 1967, pores in the frontal wall is indicative. In the present study, 1968) and to the shape of proximal margin of the orifice. There although avicularia showed a distolaterally orientation to ori- is some variation in the morphology of this species and it fice like morphotype A (Pacific), the measurements of zooids seems to be geographically determined; specimens from Fiji and number of pores (200) in the frontal wall matched with

Plate IV Hippopodina feegeensis A. Colony general aspect showing avicularium (Avic.) and ovicell (Ovi.). B. Enlarged zooid showing orifice, avicularium, and frontal wall perforated with numerous small pores. C. Ovicellated zooid. morphotype B (Atlantic). It is clear that this complex species Scorpiodinipora costulata (Canu and Bassler, 1929) (as indicated by Banta and Carson (1977) and Winston Plate V (1984)) needs more investigation, and a study of many specimens from all over the world seems necessary to solve the Synonyms: problem. General distribution and habitat: Hippopodina feegeensis has Schizoporella costulata Canu and Bassler, 1929: 317 (in an extensive distribution in shallow tropical waters within the part), pl. 36, fig. 10. 21 °C surface water isotherms (Powell, 1969a; Banta and Scorpiodinipora bernardii: Balavoine, 1959: 269, pl. 6, fig. 1. Carson, 1977). Powell (1969a) indicated that it is a stenother- Cyclocolposa ?parva: Banta and Carson, 1977: 415, fig. 9d. mal, stenobathic species, widely distributed throughout the Hippopodinella parva: Cook, 1985: 170, figs. 19, 44. tropical Indo-Pacific and Western Atlantic regions. Found ? Odontoporella sp.: Gordon et al., 2007: 52, fig. 3d. on all kinds of substrata, H. feegeensis frequently develop Not Cellepora bernardii Audouin, 1826: 238-Savigny, 1817: encrusting broad sheets (Powell, 1969a; Ryland and pl. 7, fig. 7 (unnamed drawing). Hayward, 1992). This species has been recorded by Dumont Not Schizoporella bernardii: Waters, 1909: 169, pl. 17, figs. (1981) from the Sudanese Red Sea. Powell (1969a) described 7–9. colonies from the Red Sea that had adopted an upright unil- Not Stephanosella bernardii: Harmer, 1957: 1051, pl. 74, aminate growth form in response to spatial competition with figs. 21–23. Schizoporella errata. He reported the passage of this indo- Not Scorpiodinipora bernardii: d’Hondt and Mascarell, Pacific species through the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean 2004: 464, fig. 1; d’Hondt, 2006: 24. coast of Israel (Powell, 1969a). Scorpiodinipora costulata Harmelin et al., 2012: 127–130, Local distribution: The present record of Hippopodina figs. 1–5. feegeensis is the first from Hurghada, Red Sea. Materials: TBAB (BR-2015-2-5), one large and two moder- Superfamily: Celleporoidea (Johnston, 1838) ate colonies. Family: Hippoporidridae (Vigneaux, 1949) Description: Colony encrusting, unilamellar, somewhat Genus Scorpiodinipora (Balavoine, 1959) large (>250 zooids). Autozooids hexagonal, medium-sized,

Plate V Scorpiodinipora costulata. A. General aspect. B. Enlarged part of the colony showing radial ridges, the small areolar pores (black arrows), and the basal pore-chambers (white arrows). C. Oriﬁce of the autozooid showing condyles (arrows).

measuring ZL (460 ± 50 lm), 335–605 lm(n = 15), ZW (315 colony from Lebanon. These heterozooids are rather inter- ±45lm), 230–390 lm(n = 15). Frontal shield convex, struc- preted as zooids stunted by an external agent. Moreover, tured by radial ridges more or less prominent, originating from dwarfism as a result of repair after a predator attack should vertical ridges between marginal pores (areolae); 15–20 areolar be considered. pores, often small and rounded, sometimes totally hidden by General distribution and habitat: The geographic distribu- calcification in the older zooids. Orifice subterminal, with anter tion of Scorpiodinipora costulata is worldwide in tropical and and poster similarly rounded and sized, with lateral sides sub-tropical seas with allopatric populations. It is distributed almost straight and parallel, down- curved condyles placed in SW Atlantic: SW Brazil (Marcus, 1938); Caribbean Sea: at a little lower than mid-height of the orifice. Small basal Costa Rica (Banta and Carson, 1977); E Atlantic: Ghana pore-chambers are as numerous as areolae. No oral spines, (Cook, 1985); Pacific Ocean: Philippines (Canu and Bassler, ovicells, nor avicularia. 1929); Indian Ocean: Bangladesh (Gordon et al., 2007); Red Remarks: Colonies are encrusting rock, and inner side of Sea: Gulf of Suez (Balavoine, 1959), S. Sinai, Bay of Safaga, bivalve shell. There is a considerable conflict in the identifica- and Oman (Harmelin et al., 2012); SE Mediterranean: Leba- tion of Scorpiodinipora costulata, which displays both few non (Harmelin et al., 2012). diagnostic morphological features (absence of oral spines, It has a marked preference for calcareous organic sub- ovicells, and avicularia) and allopatric populations. strates, especially gastropod shells in the shallow waters. How- Harmelin et al. (2012) examined specimens from different ever, colonies were also observed on other substrates, either localities and indicated that they present the same general natural (pebbles) or artificial (aluminum plates) (Harmelin morphological features whatever their geographical origin is et al., 2012). (Pacific Ocean, Philippines; Indian Ocean, Oman; Red Sea, Local distribution: This species was previously recorded as Egypt; SE Mediterranean, Lebanon; SE Atlantic, Ghana; Scorpiodinipora bernardii from the Suez Gulf (Balavoine, SW Atlantic, Brazil). However, these authors reported the 1959). The present record of Scorpiodinipora costulata is the exceptional occurrence of a few dwarfed zooids in a single first from Hurghada, Red Sea.

Conclusion Cook, P.L., 1985. Bryozoa from Ghana. A preliminary survey. Muse´ e Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Sciences Zoolo- giques 238, 1–315. The present study provides taxonomic information about the d’Hondt, J.-L., 1985. Contribution a` la syste´ matique des Bryozoaires encrusting fouling bryozoan fauna sampled from Hurghada, Eurystomes. Apports re´ cents et nouvelles propositions. Annales des the Egyptian Red Sea coast. Five species were recorded; most Sciences naturelles, Zoologie & Biologie animale 7, 1–12. of them are Indo-Pacific in origin. Four of them namely: Celle- d’Hondt, J.-L., 1988. Bryozoans from the coast of Israel. Bollettino di poraria aperta, Parasmittina egyptiaca, Watersipora subtor- Zoologia 3, 191–203. quata and Hippopodina feegeensis have been recorded in the d’Hondt, J.-L., 2006. Nouvelles explications des planches de ‘Polypes’ Mediterranean Sea, indicating their migration whether de la description de l’ Egypte. Institut d’Orient, Paris, p. 86. through the Suez Canal, fouling attached to ship hulls, or in d’Hondt, J.-L., Mascarell, G., 2004. Une collection de bryozoaires des Iles Gambier (Polyne´ sie Française). Bulletin de la Socie´ te´ ballast water. Moreover, Parasmittina egyptiaca, Hippopodina zoologique de France 129 (4), 459–472. feegeensis and Scorpiodinipora costulata are new records from d’Orbigny, A., 1852. Pale´ ontologie française, Terrains Cre´ tace´ s, V, Hurghada, Red Sea waters; therefore, they represent an addi- Bryozoaires [2], pp.185 bis-472. Victor Masson, Paris. tion to the biodiversity of the Hurghada fauna. A sampling Dumont, J.P.C., 1981. A report on the Cheilostome Bryozoa of the plan is needed in that area to estimate the exact biodiversity Sudanese Red Sea. J. Nat. Hist. 15, 623–637. of Bryozoan in Hurghada. Ehrenberg, C.G., 1831. 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