Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research (2016) xxx, xxx–xxx HOSTED BY National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research http://ees.elsevier.com/ejar www.sciencedirect.com FULL LENGTH ARTICLE Fouling bryozoan fauna from Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt. II. Encrusting species Khaled Mahmoud Abdelsalam National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Qayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt Received 14 April 2016; revised 17 October 2016; accepted 23 October 2016 KEYWORDS Abstract The current work aims to present systematic information about encrusting fouling bry- Neocheilostomina; ozoan fauna collected from Hurghada, Egyptian Red Sea. During September 2015, scraped fouling Taxonomy; samples were collected from beneath the jetty of the National Institute of Oceanography and Fish- New records; eries, Red Sea branch, Egypt. Five species of encrusting bryozoan are recorded in the present study. Egyptian Red Sea These are Celleporaria aperta, Parasmittina egyptiaca, Watersipora subtorquata, Hippopodina feegeensis and Scorpiodinipora costulata, affiliating to 5 families, which belong to the suborder Neocheilostomina. Parasmittina egyptiaca, Hippopodina feegeensis and Scorpiodinipora costulata are new records from Hurghada, Red Sea waters. Descriptions of the recorded species are given with illustrative photos as well as their geographical distribution and habitats. Ó 2016 National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries. Hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Introduction (1826) who identified 67 species of Bryozoa collected by Savi- gny from the Mediterranean and Red Seas. The precise collect- Bryozoans inhabit variable marine ecosystems, mainly coastal, ing sites for most of the species were not mentioned. In 1924, wherever the substrata are available. They are mainly benthic the Cambridge Expedition to the Suez Canal explored the invertebrate animals, forming colonies (Zabala and Maluquer, Polyzoan collection and recorded 24 species that were pub- 1988). Settling on artificial substrata, bryozoans represent one lished by Hastings (1927). Apart from the Indonesian and of the principal components of fouling communities (Pisano, New Guinean material, the monographs of Siboga Expedition 1979; Boyer, 1984). It is worth mentioning that phylum Bry- by Harmer (1926, 1957) comprise descriptions of 35 bry- ozoa has been erected by Ehrenberg (1831) based on samples ozoans, some of which were collected by the author during collected from the Egyptian waters (Alexandria in the Mediter- his visit to the biological station at Hurghada (Ghardaqa), ranean Sea, and Suez in the Red Sea). Moreover, the type spe- northern Red Sea, in 1934. cies of Zoobotryon pellucidus stimulated Ehrenberg to propose During his mission in Egypt (December 1927–March 1929), a phylum ‘‘Bryozoa” to be separated from ‘‘Anthozoa”. Robert Ph. Dollfus collected 44 bryozoan species from the Studies of bryozoan fauna from the Egyptian Red Sea are Gulf of Aqaba, Gulf of Suez and Suez Canal (Balavoine, scarce. First bryozoan study in Egypt goes back to Audouin 1959). This record consisted of four species of Cyclostomes and 40 species of Cheilostomes. Eitan (1972) identified 14 bry- ozoan species collected from the Suez Canal and among those, E-mail address: [email protected] 11 were new for this area, the three previously known species Peer review under responsibility of National Institute of Oceanography being Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758), Watersipora and Fisheries. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2016.10.004 1687-4285 Ó 2016 National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries. Hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Please cite this article in press as: Abdelsalam, K.M. Fouling bryozoan fauna from Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt. II. Encrusting species. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2016.10.004 2 Kh.M. Abdelsalam subovoidea (d’Orbigny, 1852) and Celleporaria aperta (Hincks, were preserved in 70% ethanol, in the Collection of Taxonomy 1882). A new clarification was given by d’Hondt (2006) for the & Biodiversity of Aquatic Biota (TBAB), Laboratory of the plates of ‘‘Polyps-Bryozoa” in the description of Egyptian National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria fauna presented by Audouin (1826). Recently, Ostrovsky branch, Egypt. Specimens were examined under a stereoscopic et al. (2011) provided an extensive account of bryozoan light microscope (model Novex P-20, with total magnification research in the Red Sea. up to 80 X) and monoscopic microscope (model BEL Bio-1-T, Knowledge of the Egyptian records of fouling bryozoans in with total magnification up to 400 X), and photographed by the Red Sea is low and few informative because the available Nikon digital camera (model D5000) equipped with a special papers generally provide uncommented species lists. adaptor for attaching to the microscopes. Size of colony was Ghobashy et al. (1980) listed 13 species in the Suez Canal, determined according to the maximum number of zooids per Ghobashy and El-Komy (1981a,b) recorded 5 and 10 species colony (i.e. Small with <100 zooids; moderate with >100 from Lake Timsah and the South region of Suez Canal, respec- and <200 zooids; and large with >300 zooids). Descriptions tively. Ramadan (1986) recorded 21 species of fouling bry- of the recorded species are provided with illustrative photos; ozoans in the northern part of the Suez Canal from Port as well as; their geographical distribution and habitats. In Said in the north to El-Ferdan in the south. El-Komi (1992) the present work, much literature was consulted for identifica- studied the marine fouling in Ghardaqa (Hurghada) and listed tion (e.g. Harmer, 1926, 1957; Balavoine, 1959; d’Hondt, 1988, only 3 species of encrusting bryozoans: Schizoporella errata, 2006; Hayward and Parker, 1994; Tilbrook, 1999, 2006; Watersipora subovoidea, and Cryptosula pallasiana. El-Komi Tilbrook et al., 2001; Ryland et al., 2009; Vieira et al., 2014). et al. (1998) recorded 7 species in the Suez Bay and Emara The current higher-taxonomic position of the species is given (2002) listed 4 species in the northern region of the Suez Gulf. according to Bock and Gordon (2013). Emara and Belal (2004) recorded 8 species in the Bitter Lakes In the text, measurements of bryozoan zooids (in microm- and Lake Timsah along the Suez Canal. A total of 27 bry- eters) are given as mean ± standard deviation, observed ozoan species was recorded in the Egyptian Red Sea. However, range, and (in parentheses) the number of specimens exam- there is no recent study concerning the systematic of the foul- ined. Autozooid length (ZL) and width (ZW) are as measured ing bryozoan fauna from Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt. This arti- at the colony surface. A cleaning agent (diluted Clorox or cle may fill that gap. domestic household bleach) was used for better observation of the encrusting species. Material and methods Results Samples of marine fouling were scraped from beneath the jetty of the National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Red The present study yielded 5 species of encrusting fouling bry- Sea branch, Hurghada, Egypt (Fig. 1). Sampling was done ozoans affiliating to 5 families (Lepraliellidae, Smittinidae, during September, 2015. The collected materials were pre- Watersiporidae, Hippopodinidae and Hippoporidridae, under served in 10% formalin. the suborder Neocheilostomina of order Cheilostomata, In the laboratory, samples of encrusting bryozoan fauna belonging to class Gymnolaemata. Each family is represented were recorded and isolated for identification. The specimens by one genus and one species. Family Lepraliellidae is repre- Figure 1 Location map. (A). Geographical location of Hurghada on the Egyptian Red Sea. (B). Enlarged map showing the sampling area (the jetty of the National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries). Please cite this article in press as: Abdelsalam, K.M. Fouling bryozoan fauna from Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt. II. Encrusting species. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2016.10.004 Fouling bryozoan fauna from Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt. II. Encrusting species 3 sented by Celleporaria Lamouroux, 1816; Smittinidae by erect in frontally budded regions. Frontal wall with irregularly Parasmittina Osburn, 1952; Watersiporidae by Watersipora granular calcification and perforated by marginal and occa- Neviani, 1895; Hippopodinidae by Hippopodina Levinsen, sional frontal small pores. Peristome low. Orifice semicircular 1909; and Hippoporidridae by Scorpiodinipora Balavoine, with a small, rounded proximal sinus, located not always in the 1959. center of the straight proximal edge. Two to four long-jointed Systematic accounts oral spines are seen, often broken. Small adventitious ovoid suboral avicularia, located just proximal to the orificial sinus, Kingdom: Animalia their rostrum perpendicular to plane of orifice and facing lat- Phylum: Bryozoa (Ehrenberg, 1831) erally. Large interzooidal avicularia with a subtriangular Class: Gymnolaemata (Allmann, 1856) mandible and a serrated rostral margin, common. Ovicells Order: Cheilostomata (Busk, 1852) cap like, imperforated. Suborder: Neocheilostomina (d’Hondt, 1985) Remarks: Colonies are encrusting rocks and broken shells. Superfamily: Lepralielloidea (Vigneaux, 1949) The simple sinusoid condition of the orifices