: Drought Office of the Resident Coordinator, Situation Report No. 5 (As of 26 August 2016)

This report is prepared by the Humanitarian Country Team/Office of the Resident Coordinator in Mozambique. It covers the period from June to July 2016.

Highlights

 Up to 1,477,787 people will be reached in the coming months with food assistance;  The funding received/confirmed so far will only cover 38.2% of the total needs estimated in the SRP;  The most funded sector is the food security with US$ 67.1 million;  The maize grain prices remain well above the 5-year average by 177 percent in average and above last year prices by 136 percent in average;  There are 2,152 IDPs due to drought and political- military tension in , central Mozambique;  Poor households in drought affected areas continue facing Crisis (IPC Phase 3) acute food insecurity;

Acute food insecurity outcomes in drought affected provinces, June 2016 – FEWS NET, June 2016

1,477,787 2,152 IDPs US$ 126.3 71% of the needs in 113,255 people will be reached with due to drought and agriculture sector are funded children will be reached food in the coming months political-military million funding through school feeding in the tension in Manica gap for drought response coming months province

Situation Overview

The National Institute for Meteorology (INAM) has been updating the disaster coordination team in the country about the El Niño status which weakened significantly in the period of June to July 2016. During this period, the neutral signal (rainfall according to the climatology) has been strengthened and there is a likelihood (50 - 60% for the period of September 2016 to March 2017) of La Niña in the coming months. La Niña is historically linked to normal to above- normal rainfall in southern and central Mozambique. Although the current El Niño status is weak its impacts on food security, nutrition and water are still affecting thousands of people in the south and central region of the country. The Fews Net update1 (July 2016) reports that in the El Niño drought-affected areas in the South and parts of the Central region, poor households continue facing

1 http://www.fews.net/southern-africa/mozambique

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Crisis (IPC Phase 3) acute food insecurity, with a smaller proportion facing Stressed (IPC Phase 2), due to the increasing difficulty meeting their basic food needs because of inadequate supplies and high staple food prices. According to the Mozambique price bulletin of August 2016 by Fews Net, in average, from June to July, maize grain prices have increased by 11 percent against the 14 percent of the previous month. Overall, maize grain prices remain well above the 5-year average by 177 percent in average and above last year prices by 136 percent in average. In terms of food stocks, there is an indication that in much of the South region, the poorest households have completely exhausted their food reserves while most did not even harvest at all. The majority of households in drought-affected areas continue to rely on market purchases2. As the main agricultural season ended in April/May 2016, there was a need to know about the food security and nutrition situation in the country. To this end, SETSAN conducted a food security and nutrition assessment during July 2016 in the all 11 provinces. The report of this assessment is expected to be available in end of August 2016 with updated information regarding the number of people in food insecurity and in need of humanitarian assistance, nutritional status of children and women in drought affected areas, impact of humanitarian assistance provided so far among other elements. This assessment was supported by WFP, UNICEF, FAO, UNDP, UNFPA, Ireland and Fews Net. According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (MASA) preliminary assessment conducted in May 2016 the production estimation of main staple crops is 2.39 million MT for cereals (which 1.79 million MT is maize grain), 656,000 MT of pulses and 9 million MT of cassava. Regarding the cash crops, it was recorded good production of cashew (about 104,000 MT) and reduction in banana production of 6.7% when compared to last growing season. The estimated cereals production represents 84 percent of the initially planned volume. However, according to food security outlook June 2016-January 2017 by Fews Net, based on estimates from the satellite-derived Water Requirements Satisfaction Index (WRSI) extended to the end of the season, maize grain production from the current season is expected to be close to average in the northern region, 10 to 20 percent below the average in the central region, and nearly 35 percent below the average in the southern region of the country. It has been reported movement of people/existing internal displaced people (IDPs) due to drought and ongoing political-military tension especially in Manica province. At the moment, there are three accommodation centers opened in three districts namely in Barue, Gondola and Mossurize all in Manica province hosting a total of 2,152 people (412 families) as shown in the table below. INGC, COSACA and UNICEF have been assisting the IDPs with food and nonfood items (shelter kits, family kits, hygiene kits, school tents, jarry cans).

Table 1. IDPs in Manica province District Number of families Number of people

Barue 110 646

Gondola 18 115

Mossurize 284 1,391

TOTAL 412 2,152

Source: Update on current situation of natural disaster management at Council of Ministers meeting held on 9th August 2016 Lately, the humanitarian agencies have received significant funds to assist the food insecure people in drought affected areas. It is estimated that at least 687,000 people will be reached in the coming months with food assistance for a period of three months. The main agencies/NGOs that will be providing food assistance are WFP, COSACA, CHEMO (consortium of two NGO’s: WV and food for the hunger) and Germany Agro Action. Furthermore, as the Government is also providing food assistance and have pledged funds from World bank, African Development bank and Government of China this number will increase significantly reaching additional 790,800 people resulting in a maximum of 1,477,787 people. Humanitarian partners are also providing assistance on access to water as well as nutrition services and supplements.

2 http://www.fews.net/southern-africa/mozambique/food-security-outlook/july-2016

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Funding

Since January till July 2016, the funding for drought response channeled through HCT members reached approximately US$ 85 million. About 54% of these funds were announced/confirmed in July 2016. An additional US$ 20 million are still under negotiation and to be confirmed. Although the HCT members received significant contributions lately, there is still a long way to go in order to assist the drought affected people till the next harvest (March 2017). The total funding requirements estimated in the strategic drought response plan (prepared in April 2016) is US$ 204.3 million and the current funding gap (as of 12 August 2016) is approximately US$ 126.3 million. This means that, the funding received/confirmed so far will only cover 38.2% of the total needs estimated in the SRP. The most funded sector is the food security (food assistance and agriculture) with US$ 67.1 million followed by WASH (US$ 6.6 million) and Nutrition (US$ 4.0 million).

US$ 204.3 million requested Funding by sector (in million US$)

Funded 38%

Unmet 62%

The top five contributors for the current drought response are DFID, UN, US, Sweden and EU. Other contributions received are from Japan, Italy and German government (see annex for more details). The top five recipient of these contributions are COSACA, WFP, CHEMO (consortium of World Vision and Food for the Hunger) FAO and UNICEF. Approximately 68% of the funds received were channeled through international NGOs and 32% through UN agencies. Besides the contributions mentioned above, the Government of Mozambique through INGC has pledged funds from African Development Bank (US$ 1 million) and World bank (US$ 15 million). The government prepared already the response plans according to these pledges.

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Humanitarian Response

The response actions to the current drought in the country are in , Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Sofala, Zambézia and Tete provinces. The actions consist of food and nutrition assistance, drilling/rehabilitation of water boreholes and in some cases water trucking to affected communities.

Food Security Needs:  Based on SETSAN’s food security and nutrition assessment carried out and 1.5 million people in need of food endorsed by the government in March, 1.5 million people are acutely food insecure assistance and in need of assistance;  The Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) expects the number of food insecure people to increase and the latest Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) report estimates that almost 2 million people will be in need of assistance during the peak of the lean season from October 2016 to March 2017;  According to the latest IPC report, more than 30% of households have adopted some forms of livelihood strategies typical of crisis or emergency situations. Around 20% of households in the affected areas of Tete, Manica and Sofala had to sell household goods to meet food needs; 15-40% borrowed money to buy food in all of the affected areas; and over 60% spent their savings to buy food in Tete and Gaza. Among those who had animals, 30-50% sold large animals in excess due to food needs;  Based on data from SETSAN’s assessment (March 2016) it is estimated that between November 2016 and February 2017 30-45% of households will be in IPC Phase 3 or 4 as households will have no food reserve, and no or very limited access to other sources of income. These households are likely to increase dependency on the consumption of wild foods and engage in unstainable livelihood activities, such as charcoal sale.

Response:  Humanitarian assistance provided by COSACA, the World Food Programme (WFP), World Vision International, German Agro Action, Ecumenical Committee for Social Development (CEDES), Mozambique Red Cross (CVM) and the Lutheran World Federation (LWF) since the beginning of the emergency response reached the following drought affected provinces: Gaza, Inhambane, Tete, Sofala and Maputo.  From February – July 2016, the food Security cluster partners reached at least 190,225 people with food assistance through Food for Assets, General Food Distribution and Cash and food vouchers;  Emergency school feeding is being providing by Plan International in to 1,873 children in 11 schools. WFP is also planning to assist 98,595 children in Inhambane and Gaza provinces (September – November 2016). Furthermore, JAM in its regular program is providing school feeding to 12,787 children in Inhambane and Sofala provinces;  Food Security cluster members are planning to assist 687,000 beneficiaries through General food distribution, food for asset, food and cash vouchers and school feeding programs in the next three months September – November 2016;  FAO started the distribution of vegetable seeds (onion, beans, cabbage, leaf cabbage, tomato and pumpkins) targeting 23,000 households in the provinces of Maputo, Gaza and Tete  The cluster is planning to assist 108,755 households in the affected provinces for agricultural and livelihood support in the coming months (September – November 2016) - ;

Gaps & Constraints:  Coordination of agricultural activities is urgently needed given limited food availability in the region and continuous increase in food prices. There are no seeds available in country and a current gap of 1,500 mt is

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observed. Seeds are only available in Zambia but its hybrid nature, as well as Government export restrictions represent constraints.  As the harvests of the first agricultural season were poor especially in the south region, the food prices have increased and the food availability at country level as well as at the region level is challenging.

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Needs: 79,582 people  The WASH Cluster in close coordination with the Government at all levels, continue had access to safe implementing actions towards reducing the impact of the drought on access to safe drinking water drinking water for domestic use including for hygiene practices. Nevertheless, still significant number of drought affected people in need of WASH assistance particularly in the central region of the country.  While findings from the latest SETSAN assessment still to be released, it’s anticipated that the WASH situation may have deteriorated in the regions that received, so far, less WASH assistance.

Response:  From February up-to-date, the WASH Cluster partners have assisted 79,582 people with safe drinking water of which 34% through water trucking and the remaining 66% through the rehabilitation of water points in Maputo, Gaza and Inhambane provinces. These activities were complemented by hygiene promotion activities and distribution of NFIs;  59% received combined package of household water storage supplies and water purification product (CERTEZA);

 In support of water trucking operation, 43 communal water tanks (with capacity of 5 and 10m3) were installed in selected communities and schools;  An awareness water saving campaign was developed and launched and being disseminated through community radios, mobile units, outdoors and covers both rural and urban settlements in Maputo, Gaza and Inhambne provinces.

Gaps & Constraints:  Limited decentralized implementing capacity resulting on delays in completion of planned activities.  Challenges around hydrogeological conditions: deepening aquifer water levels and worsening water quality (salination);  Still significant funding gaps, limiting WASH Cluster assistance to planned affected population

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Nutrition

Needs:  Although estimates derived from the most recent SETSAN assessment (March 95,000 children 2016) suggest a caseload of 95,000 children acutely malnourished over the next expected to be acutely malnourished over the 6 months in the 6 most drought affected provinces, nutrition emergency programs next 6 months are targeting at least a 50% coverage response aiming to cover 25,000 children with SAM, 28,000 children with MAM.

Response:  Supplies distributed through partners UNICEF and WFP to the Ministry of health during the period should cover immediate needs for a period of 3 months;  Nevertheless, to comply with new guidelines for Biosafety from Codex Alimentarius, CSB flour (Super Cereal) used to rehabilitate children with MAM, will be replaced in the months to come with ready-to-use supplementary feeding (RUSF);  UNICEF and partners supported the treatment of 6,200 children with acute malnutrition.  Over 2.1 million children were screened for acute malnutrition in the affected provinces during the National Health Week and 2,846 were referred for treatment;  Following operational plans made with health provinces directions, mobile brigades for Manica and Maputo will start their activities in August, while 27 mobile brigades continued to be deployed in Gaza, Inhambane, Sofala and Tete:

Gaps & Constraints:

 Emergency nutrition programs and plans will be adjusted accordingly to information from ongoing assessment through new SETSAN survey;  Even though nutrition supplies have been delivered in Maputo and affected provinces, distribution to districts and health facilities is a challenging task, as resources for its mobility are scarce within the Ministry of health.

Education Needs: children to  Ministry of Education (MINEDH) received reports from various provinces on 90,000 be assisted with school children affected by the drought in some cases not enrolling in school or dropping feeding out. The enrolment targets in Provinces like Gaza were as low as 50%. MINEDH requested school feeding aid for 90,000 children affected by the drought in Gaza and Inhambane;  Recent reports from a UNICEF visit to the Provincial Directorate of Education from Tete point towards122,000 school children affected by drought;  Military tensions in the central provinces have resulted in closure of schools or interrupted services due to violence. Tete reports 19 schools affected by the conflict in Moatize and 32 schools in Tsengo. Macanga was also mentioned as being affected, no numbers were provided;  The Department of Cross-Cutting Issues of MINEDH received a request for tents and school supplies for 283 children and their families who were displaced because of political and military tension in Mossurize district in Manica province.  in Zambezia had 17 closed schools with 101 teachers leaving their job and schools vandalized resulting in 10,030 students not enrolling in 2016;

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Response:  Following an official request from the Ministry of Education, WFP has stepped up to provide emergency school feeding to 100,000 children in the most affected districts of Gaza and Inhambane. This activity however is being managed under the Food Security cluster to ensure coordination with other food aid activities.  UNICEF supplied four school tents and 283 learner kits to Mossurize district to support educational activities of 283 children displaced with their families due to the political/military conflict in Manica province.

Gaps & Constraints:  Additional information regarding children out of school due to the drought has flown in a scattered way and with no official requests for assistance. There have also been difficulties on understanding what the Provincial authorities use as the criteria for School children affected by drought.  Information regarding population and children displaced due to conflict is limited and scattered as well making it difficult to assess the magnitude of the problem.

Early Recovery Needs:  Comprehensive data analysis on progress of responses and emerging hazards, vulnerability, disaggregated data and prioritization of interventions across the affected provinces;

Response:  Capacity building for government staff to support drought response. A total of 77 participants attended the training (62 men and 15 female) and the group was composed by permanent secretaries, government technical team and HCT working on the province to improve coordination, data gathering and analysis on the drought;  Technical and financial support to INGC and SETSAN on the drought assessment;  Training for journalist (45 – 12 female, 33 males) to improve reporting on the drought responses;  Development of INGC website that will include a window for drought virtual center.

Gaps & Constraints:  Limited financial resources to train government staff to strengthen capacity for effective coordination, data collection and responses;  There is the need to strengthen information management system for effective responses;

Health Needs:  No increase in trend of communicable diseases and no outbreak reported since June 2016;  The cholera outbreaks in the provincial capitals of Zambezia and Nampula have been controlled. There is no strong evidence to suggest the link between the outbreak and the current drought situation;  Preparation of gender specific assessment to focus on the impact of drought on women and young mothers and adolescents.

Response:  Enhancing disease outbreak surveillance;  Strengthening of mobile brigades to provide comprehensive Sexual and Reproductive health services in remote areas of ;

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 Strengthening emergency preparedness: o Preparatory activities for the cholera vaccine campaign in Nampula city are underway. Nearly 200,000 people will be targeted in the 5 most endemic areas; o In-patient health facility assessment in the 6 most drought –affected provinces almost completed.

Gaps & Constraints:  Access to some districts remains a challenge due to the prevailing security situation in some provinces;

Protection Needs:  In Zambézia province, existing social action structures, including community child protection committees are limited in terms of knowledge and skills to address conflict related protection concerns;  There are no ongoing discussions at the provincial level to discuss Protection in emergency however UNICEF has negotiated with the province: o To collect evidence through community based structures with solid networking capacity; o Establish strategic partnerships with Religious groups for monitoring and evidence generation as well as provision of support, especially Psychosocial support  In Tete, there are increased number of children on the streets compounded by a lack of capacity for the DPGCAS to deploy social workers for data collection.

Response:  In order to assess the protection issues related to drought and current political-military tension, the protection cluster at provincial level will be reactivated;  The Protection cluster will be reactivated with three folded mandate: o Emergency preparedness for the floods and review 3W, supplies; o Coordinate specific support to conflict areas; o Review existing support that the Government is providing or is likely to provide for families affected;  For issues identified in Tete, the proposed solution is to discuss with health and community child protection committees to collect protection related information through the health outreach activities;  In the coming days, the Protection cluster will meet to discuss IDP assessment with IOM and revamp the Protection Cluster system at national level with government, UN and civil society to: o data collection, assessment and monitoring system o preposition supply to provinces/districts o map the CBOs, FBOs and CCCP per district o train church groups on psychosocial support and provide kits o discuss further with the national Institute of Social Action, INGC and NGOs shock responsive social protection.

Gaps & Constraints:  Access to information and evidence on impact of conflict is very limited, due to political sensitivity as well as limited physical access to those areas. However, based on UNICEF field visits and second hand information, there are concerns over security situations in several districts, including violence, targeted killings;

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General Coordination

The Government of Mozambique through INGC is leading the coordination of drought response in the affected provinces. The coordination meetings of the Technical Council for Disaster Management (CTGC) are now being held monthly to continue monitoring the drought situation, response and gaps. The HCT is continuously supporting the Government in the response and the coordination meetings are held every two weeks. On 22nd June 2016, INGC and UN convened joint partners meeting to share the information regarding the drought situation, the challenges and opportunities. The food security, nutrition and WASH cluster presented in this meeting their response strategy, achievements, funding gap and challenges faced. In order to improve the coordination efforts at HCT level, the country team prepared a strengthening plan which consists of support in coordination through deployment of Humanitarian Affairs Officer (HAO), information management officer (IMO) and dedicated cluster coordinators for food security, WASH and nutrition clusters. The HAO and IMO deployments for six months will be supported by OCHA through Stand-By Partnership Programme (SBPP). While waiting for six months deployment, OCHA provided information management support for 12 days and coordination support for six weeks through Emergency Response Roster mechanism. In terms of cluster coordinators, nutrition cluster is only one so far with a dedicated cluster coordinator. On 4th August 2016, the UN El Niño coordinator for Southern Africa and OCHA deputy representative for Southern and Eastern Africa visited Mozambique to understand the current situation of drought response and the respective challenges. The mission had several meetings with UN country team, International NGOs active in the response, Government-INGC director and donors. From these meetings it was clear that the situation is serious and it requires attention from the Government, Humanitarian partners and donors. There is a need to intensify the response actions bearing in mind the resilience activities and continue with resource mobilization efforts to reach more people in need. From 05-10 August 2016 the HCT received a mission of the Regional Gender Advisor for Southern Africa aiming to support the HCT strengthening the humanitarian planning and response with gender perspectives, identifying the capacity building priorities on gender in humanitarian response. The gender advisor met with main stakeholders in drought response such as UN agencies/cluster leads, INGO, Government and civil society organizations.

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ANNEX. Drought response funding of in Mozambique

Funding by source January - July 2016

Confirmed Funds to be % of funds per Source funds(US$) confirmed (US$) donor DFID 37,727,948 4,000,000 44.5 UN (one fund+CERF+internal agency mechanisms+multilateral) 17,491,975 350,000 20.6 US 12,373,278 7,800,000 14.6 Sweden 6,103,184 0 7.2

EU 3,299,999 4,809,610 3.9

Japan 2,700,000 3,000,000 3.2 Italy 1,803,011 0 2.1 World Vision 1,200,000 1.4 Germany 1,247,697 1.5 IFRC 358,495 0.4 Kid Power 322,637 0.4 Plan International 79,000 0.0 0.1 Total 84,707,224 19,959,610 100

Funding received by UN agencies January - July 2016

Confirmed Funds to be % of funds per UN UN agency funds(US$) confirmed (US$) agency

WFP 19,429,445 14,079,279 71.60

FAO 3,482,497 1,000,000 12.83 UNICEF 3,428,667 3,000,000 12.63 IOM 566,610 0 2.09 UNDP 130,602 - 0.48 WHO 50,000 0.18 UNFPA 35,462 350,000 0.13 UNWomen 13,931 0 0.05 Total 27,137,214 18,429,279 100.00

Funding received by NGO's - January-July 2016

Confirmed Funds to be % of funds per NGO funds(US$) confirmed NGO COSACA 42,981,896 74.66

CHEMO 8,000,000 13.90 World Vision 2,200,000 3.82 Italian NGOs 1,803,011 3.13 CIP/IPC 900,000 1.56 German Agro Action 624,883 1,530,330 1.09

CARE 566,893 0.98 RedCross 414,416 0.72 Plan International 79,000 0.14 Total 57,570,098 1,530,330 100.00

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For further information, please contact: Ms Marcia de Castro, UN Resident Coordinator and HCT Chair, [email protected] , Tel: +258 21 48 51 58 Mr. Michel Le Pechoux, UNICEF Deputy Representative and HCT WG co-Chair, [email protected], Cell: + 258 82 3148100 Ms. Ute Meir, WFP Deputy Representative and HCT WG co-chair, [email protected] Mr. Cláudio Julaia, Emergency Officer (HCT), [email protected], Tel: +258 21 48 51 59, Cell: +258 827272860/844343870

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