Official Visit Report

OFFICIAL VISIT REPORT WORKSHOP ON STRENGTHENING CLIMATE RESILIENCE OF ASEAN MEMBER STATES (AMS) THROUGH EXPERIENCE SHARING AND LESSONS LEARNED ON PROGRESS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION ACTIVITIES

28 - 31 May 2019 A-Star Phulare Valley Resort, Chiang Rai, Thailand

Mohamad Hafiz Bin Hassan Pusat Ramalan dan Amaran Banjir Negara, Bahagian Pengurusan Sumber Air dan Hidrologi

Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran Malaysia

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. BACKGROUND ...... 1 2. INTRODUCTION ...... 2 3. OBJECTIVES OF THE WORKSHOP ...... 4 4. WORKSHOP ACTIVITIES ...... 4 5. SITE VISIT TO THE DOI TUNG DEVELOPMENT PROJECT ...... 12 5.1 A visit to The Hall of Inspiration ...... 16 5.1.1 Founder of the Doi Tung Development Project ...... 16 5.1.2 The Origin of Hill Crafts Foundation ...... 17 5.1.3 The Mae Fah Luang Foundation under Royal Patronage ...... 17 5.2 A visit to Akra Pa Kluay Village - Climate Change Adaptation on Landslide Disaster ...... 19 5.3 A visit to Huai Nam Khun Village - Climate Change Adaptation on Flood Disaster ...... 21 5.4 MFLF Office - Zero-waste-to-landfill center ...... 23 6. CONCLUSION ...... 26 7. REFERENCES ...... 26

TABLES AND FIGURES

Table 1: Workshop programme on day 1...... 6 Table 2: Workshop programme on day 2...... 8 Table 3: Workshop programme on day 3...... 12 Table 4: Milestones of Mae Fah Luang Foundation (Credit: MFLF) ...... 18

Figure 1: AWGCC Malaysia Delegates ...... 1 Figure 2: VIPs during the workshop opening ceremony...... 2 Figure 3: Opening remarks by Dr. Raweewan Bhuridej, the Secretary-General of ONEP...... 3 Figure 4: Welcoming remarks by Mr. Heinrich Gudenus, Project Director of GIZ...... 3 Figure 5: Group photo of workshop participants, facilitators and VIP’s...... 3 Figure 6: Presentation session 1 on “IPCC special report: Global warming of 1.5ºC”...... 7 Figure 7: Presentation session 2 on “Sharing of experiences on the collaboration on climate change adaptation”...... 7 Figure 8: Group discussion 1 findings on “Sharing main concerns on climate change impacts among AMS” ...... 8 Figure 9: Panel discussion 1 on “Sharing expertise on climate change adaptation among AMS” ...... 10 Figure 10: Group discussion 2 findings on “Sharing experiences in the mainstreaming of climate change adaptation at different levels”...... 10 Figure 11: Group discussion 3 findings on “Sharing experiences on gaps and needs in climate change adaptation”...... 11 Figure 12: Plenary session & workshop summary on “Potential common vision and synergy among AMS on climate change adaptation and potential collaborative project / programme”...... 11

Figure 13: DoiTung brand on food products - DoiTung coffee, macadamia nut and café...... 14 Figure 14: DoiTung brand on handicrafts - DoiTung textile, stationaries and pottery...... 14 Figure 15: DoiTung brand on horticulture, botanical garden and tourism...... 14 Figure 16: Aerial photos of Mount Doi Tung in the past and present. (Photo: MFLF) ...... 15 Figure 17: Scenic view (yet high risk) of Akra Pa Kluay Village...... 20 Figure 18: Vertiver grass and concrete structures for hillside slope stability approach...... 20 Figure 19: Landslide disaster information board and basic equipment...... 21 Figure 20: Landslide triggering thresholds and rainfall-landslide relationship curves...... 21 Figure 21: Pond outlet during dry season...... 22 Figure 22: Flood disaster information board and basic CCTV and siren equipment...... 22 Figure 23: General information of Zero-waste-to-landfill center ...... 23 Figure 24: Hazardous waste recycling equipment using chemicals and its collection center...... 24 Figure 25: Roofing from recycled tetra pack milk boxes, soda bottles as daylight sources and collection of rainwater for potable use...... 24 Figure 26: The use of solar energy and wetland to treat wastewater from paper recycling facilities...... 24 Figure 27: General waste sorting, washing, and drying station...... 25 Figure 28: The use of macadamia nut shells for biomass productions in paper recycling area...... 25 Figure 29: Compose facilities and upcycling of non-recycled materials as flooring / planting pot...... 25

WORKSHOP ON STRENGTHENING CLIMATE RESILIENCE OF AMS THROUGH EXPERIENCE SHARING AND LESSONS LEARNED ON PROGRESS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION ACTIVITIES 28-31 May 2019 A-Star Phulare Valley Resort, Chiang Rai, Thailand

1. BACKGROUND

The Government of Thailand hosted the ASEAN Workshop on "Strengthening Climate Resilience of ASEAN Member States (AMS) through Experience Sharing and Lessons Learn on Progress of Climate Change Adaptation Activities". The workshop was jointly organised by the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP), Thailand’s Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization) (TGOs), German International Cooperation (GIZ), Mae Fah Luang University, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), with financial support from the Government of Germany (BMU). Three participants from Malaysia have been invited whereas Mr. Muhamad Ridzwan Bin Ali from Ministry of Science, Technology, Environment, and Climate Change (MESTECC) is the ASEAN Working Group on Climate Change (AWGCC) focal point, while Mr. Mohamad Hafiz Bin Hassan from Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Malaysia (JPS) and Ms. Nurul Huda Binti Adnan from National Hydraulics Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM) are from the related climate change adaptation sectors.

Figure 1: AWGCC Malaysia Delegates (From the left: Mr. Mohamad Hafiz, Mr. Muhamad Ridzwan, and Mrs. Nurul Huda)

2. INTRODUCTION

ASEAN Member States (AMS) through the ASEAN Working Group on Climate Change (AWGCC) has developed a number of action plans contributing to the implementation of the draft ASEAN Strategic Plan on Environment (ASPEN). The 10 outstanding action plans of climate change have been selected by AMS in response to the 5 main issues such as adaptation, mitigation, climate finance, technology transfer, and cross cutting issues under the climate change aspects of the ASPEN. From these AWGCC Action Plans (AAP), the 10 action plans have been selected to be implemented by AMS. Thailand has volunteered to be a leading country in 4 of the 10 plans. The Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) is responsible for the Action Plan for Strengthening Climate Resilience of AMS through Experience Sharing and Lesson Learn on Progress of Climate Change Adaptation Activities.

In the opening remarks, Dr. Vong Sok (Head of Environment Division of ASEAN) highlighted that: “ASEAN is addressing climate change through the framework of ASEAN community building, with strategies and actions to enhance regional and international cooperation in supporting adaptation”. This notion for the need to strengthen collaboration among AMS countries due to imminent and increasing threats posed by climate change was taken up by all speakers, including Dr. Raweewan Bhuridej, the Secretary-General of ONEP, Mrs. Prasertsuk Patoonsittichai, Executive Director of TGO, and Assoc. Prof. Chayaporn Wattanasiri, President of Mae Fah Luang University.

Figure 2: VIPs during the workshop opening ceremony.

Figure 3: Opening remarks by Dr. Raweewan Bhuridej, the Secretary-General of ONEP.

Figure 4: Welcoming remarks by Mr. Heinrich Gudenus, Project Director of GIZ.

Figure 5: Group photo of workshop participants, facilitators and VIP’s.

This workshop has successfully encourage the participation of AMS representatives to share their knowledge, experiences and learnt from each other on vulnerability and risk assessment, climate change adaptation, and best practices at different levels in order to find common concerns, shared vision, and possible collaboration among ASEAN on climate change adaptation. The scopes below are some of the activities conducted during the workshop: a) Learning on the current stage of climate change and the impact of climate change in ASEAN region, especially the impact of global warming of 1.5ºC; b) Exchanged views, gaps and need, experiences, knowledge, and good practice in climate change adaptation, including through regional collaboration; c) Discussion and development of common concerns, shared vision, and possible collaboration in climate change adaptation among AMS; d) Discussion on the development of possible joint collaboration / proposal in climate change adaptation among AMS; e) Site visit to Doi Tung Development Project – adaptation of climate change.

3. OBJECTIVES OF THE WORKSHOP

This workshop has increased joint ambition among ASEAN countries in addressing common concerns, develop shared visions, and identify possible collaboration in climate change adaptation. The aims and objectives of this workshop are: a) to serve as a platform for AMS to share views, knowledge, experiences, good practices and gaps and need in order to increase adaptive capacity and climate resilience in ASEAN region; b) to identify common concerns, shared vision and possible collaboration in climate change adaptation among AMS; c) to encourage AMS to identify possible collaboration on climate change adaptation in ASEAN region.

4. WORKSHOP ACTIVITIES

This three-day workshop has allow the representatives from AMS to update situation on climate change impacts in ASEAN region and to discuss on various issues in relation to this topic especially on the impact of global warming of 1.5°C to ASEAN region, climate change policy, climate change adaptation policy, sharing experiences and potential

4 collaboration, analysis of climate change gaps among AMS, and mainstreaming of climate change adaptation at national and sub-national levels. Various paper presentations and sharing sessions, panel discussions, and group discussions have been conducted and shared among AMS in this workshop. In total, about 80 participants, including 42 delegates from 9 ASEAN Member States and representatives (except Philippines) from a range of national and international organisations, took part in the workshop.

Generally, this workshop has provide the opportunity for AMS to hear examples on the collaboration on climate change adaptation from international perspective. The discussion of the workshop focused on the sharing of AMS in four main themes in relation to climate change adaptation in ASEAN region, comprising of (1) sharing main concerns, (2) sharing experiences, (3) sharing knowledge, (4) sharing expertise, (5) sharing gaps and needs. AMS have discussed on potential common vision and synergy among AMS on climate change adaptation.

Moreover, this workshop has provided a platform for knowledge-sharing and building up on the rich expertise of the participants. Throughout the event, a range of best-practice experiences of adaptation interventions in different ASEAN countries were showcased. This included cutting edge research on reducing risks from mosquito-borne disease in Singapore, as well as a range of risk assessment and sectoral adaptation planning strategies from other member states.

In addition, this event has also provide the opportunity for AMS to seek for funding and international support from developed countries such as Green Climate Fund (GCF), GIZ, JICA and others, as well as training and capacity building opportunity from Climate Change International Technical and Training Center, Bangkok (CITC) and JICA. On the last day, a one-day field trip to visit Doi Tung Development Project have been organised for participants to explore project in relation to climate change adaptation. Table 1 - Table 3 below shows the details of workshop programme from day 1 to day 3. All presentation materials have been made available online by the organizer and also provided in this report. Presentation materials can be downloaded from https://qrgo.page.link/XyDaK.

Table 1: Workshop programme on day 1. Day 1: 28 May 2019

Timing (hrs) Session 09.00 – 09.30 Registration 09.30 - 09.55 Opening Ceremony Opening Remark  Dr. Raweewan Bhuridej, Secretary-General of the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning

Welcoming Remarks  Mr. Heinrich Gudenus, Project Director of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH;  Mrs. Prasertsuk Patoonsittichai, Executive Director of the Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (TGO);  Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chayaporn Wattanasiri, President of Mae Fah Luang University. 09.55 – 10.00 Photo session 10.00 – 10.20 Coffee break 10.20 – 12.00 Presentation session 1 on “Current stage of climate change: IPCC special report: Global warming of 1.5ºC”, ASEAN: JRCC with focus on adaptation and concern on future impact of climate change in ASEAN region”

 Dr. Rosa Perez, IPCC Expert;  Dr. Vong Sok, Head of Environment Division, Assistant Director of Sustainable Development Director at the ASEAN Secretariat;  Dr. Atsamon Limsakul, Department of Environmental Quality Promotion;  Moderator: Dr. Kollawat Sakhakara. 12.00 – 13.00 Lunch 13.00 – 14.00 Presentation session 2 on “Sharing of experiences on the collaboration on climate change adaptation”

 Mr. Janto Hess, Climate Change Adaptation Specialist (UNDP);  Ms Hang Thi Pham, Senior Resilience Officer (FAO);  Mr. Thanapong Duangmanee, Environmental Engineer, the Doi Tung Development Project (DTDP) of the Mae Fah Luang Foundation;  Dr. Benjawan Tawatsupa, Public Health Technical Officer, Department of Health, Thailand) 14.00 – 15.30 Group discussion 1 on “Sharing main concerns on climate change impacts among AMS”

Timing (hrs) Session AMS were divided into 3 groups to share concerns in key sectors such as agriculture, human settlement etc.  Group 1 Facilitator: Dr. Kollawat Sakhakara  Group 2 Facilitator: Asst.Prof.Dr.Pannipha Dokmaingam  Group 3 Facilitator: Dr. Akarapon Houbcharaun 15.30 – 15.45 Coffee break 15.45 – 16.45 Presentation session 3 on “Analysis, planning and implementation of climate change adaptation: experiences from international examples”

 Ms. Sutthiya Chantawarangul, EU Delegation to Thailand  Mr. Heinrich Gudenus, GIZ  Mr. Fukuda Koji, JICA 18.30 Official Dinner Reception hosted by ONEP

Figure 6: Presentation session 1 on “IPCC special report: Global warming of 1.5ºC”.

Figure 7: Presentation session 2 on “Sharing of experiences on the collaboration on climate change adaptation”.

Figure 8: Group discussion 1 findings on “Sharing main concerns on climate change impacts among AMS”

Table 2: Workshop programme on day 2. Day 2: 29 May 2019

Timing (hrs) Session 09.00 – 10.00 Panel discussion 1 on “Sharing expertise on climate change adaptation among AMS”

AMS representatives shared expertise on climate change adaptation;  Singapore – Building Resilience to Climate Change: Managing mosquito-borne disease transmission in Singapore.  Myanmar – Adaptation Fund Project in Dry Zone of Myanmar.  Thailand – Thailand’s Climate Change Adaptation.  Moderator: Dr. Akarapon Houbcharaun, TGO 10.00 – 10.20 Coffee break 10.20 – 12.00 Group discussion 2 on “Sharing experiences in the mainstreaming of climate change adaptation at different levels”

AMS were divided into 3 groups; Group 1 Facilitator: Dr. Kollawat Sakhakara Group 2 Facilitator: Mr. Thawatchai Saengkhamsuk Group 3 Facilitator: Ms. Juthamas Panitrangsri 12.00 – 13.00 Lunch 13.00 – 14.00 Group discussion 3 on “Sharing experiences on gaps and needs in climate change adaptation”

AMS were divided into 3 groups to share experiences on gaps and needs in climate change adaptation;  Group 1 Facilitator: Dr. Kollawat Sakhakara

Timing (hrs) Session  Group 2 Facilitator: Mr. Thawatchai Saengkhamsuk  Group 3 Facilitator: Ms. Juthamas Panitrangsri 14.00 – 15.00 Panel discussion 2 on “Current regional collaboration in AMS”

 Dr. Nguyen Dinh Cong, MRC  Mr. Thawatchai Saengkhamsuk, TGO  Moderator: Dr. Kollawat Sakhakara 15.00 – 15.30 Coffee break 15.30 – 16.30 Plenary session & workshop summary on “Potential common vision and synergy among AMS on climate change adaptation and potential collaborative project / programme”

 Group 1 Representative: Thailand  Group 2 Representative: Brunei  Group 3 Representative: Malaysia & Brunei Moderator: Dr. Kollawat Sakhakara 16.30 – 17.00 Market place on “International support in the formulation and implementation of climate change adaptation” Representative of GIZ/CITC

The presentations were complemented by group working sessions as well as structured and informal discussions. The groupwork revealed that there are some common barriers in the different countries, which include a low co-ordination between sectors and different actors, that in many countries the knowledge about potential climate change impacts and coping strategies is limited, the availability of quality data, and limited availability of technical and financial support and dedicated public budgets. To overcome some of these challenges and continue addressing these, the AMS expressed their interest to enhance the level of collaboration and proposed to establish a regional knowledge sharing platform and specified working groups. Overall, there was a sentiment of agreement of the need towards enhanced collaboration and adaptation action.

Figure 9: Panel discussion 1 on “Sharing expertise on climate change adaptation among AMS”

Figure 10: Group discussion 2 findings on “Sharing experiences in the mainstreaming of climate change adaptation at different levels”.

Figure 11: Group discussion 3 findings on “Sharing experiences on gaps and needs in climate change adaptation”.

Figure 12: Plenary session & workshop summary on “Potential common vision and synergy among AMS on climate change adaptation and potential collaborative project / programme”. (Mr. Mohamad Hafiz represented Group 3)

Table 3: Workshop programme on day 3. Day 3: 30 May 2019

Timing (hrs) Session 09.30 – 10.30 Travel to Doi Tung Development Project, Mae Fah Luang Foundation (MFLF) under Royal Patronage 10.30 – 12.00 1st Station: The Hall of Inspiration, MFLF 12.00 – 13.30 Lunch at DoiTung Lodge 13.30 – 17.00 2nd Station: Akra Pa Kluay Village - Climate Change Adaptation on Landslide Disaster

3rd Station: Huai Nam Khun Village - Climate Change Adaptation on Flood Disaster

4th Station: Zero-waste-to-landfill 17.00 Travel back to A-Star Phulare Valley Resort

5. SITE VISIT TO THE DOI TUNG DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

The Doi Tung Development Project (DTDP), is one of the flagship projects of the Mae Fah Luang Foundation (MFLF). It was established in 1988 by the Princess Mother on Doi Tung, a high mountain in Chiang Rai, the northernmost province of Thailand. The project area covers approximately 15,000 hectares benefiting approximately 11,000 people from 29 villages. Doi Tung was once a secluded area in the heart of the Golden Triangle - a leading region of illicit world opium production (poppy plant for drug). The problems of Doi Tung were complex. The watershed area was denuded by slash and burn cultivation, and further accelerated by opium growing. The residents were of six ethnic groups without Thai citizenship. They lived in a "survival world" where people lived in abject poverty, without basic infrastructure or government support. Armed groups occupied parts of the area, which made it even more difficult for government officials to provide any assistance to the local residents.

After the Princess Mother's first visit to the barren hills of Doi Tung in January 1987, the Princess Mother announced "I will reforest Doi Tung". Recognising that the root causes of such problems were poverty and lack of opportunity. The Princess Mother decided to improve the conditions of Doi Tung, socially, economically, and environmentally. The Princess Mother demonstrated her commitment by building her home in Doi Tung, giving

12 hope to the ethnic minorities and providing opportunities for all people regardless of race, religion, or nationality. Her vision was to allow people and nature to coexist in harmony, by aligning the people's interests with the preservation of the natural environment and providing opportunities for all, regardless of race or religion. In general, the timeframe for the DTDP is 30 years, broken down into three phases as below:

 Phase I: (1988-1993) Immediate health issues by providing health education and sickness prevention were tackled. Simultaneously, basic life necessities and opportunities for job and skills- training were then provided to all people.

 Phase II: (1994 - 2002) Income generation was the main focus in this phase. The DTDP introduced the concept in rural development of moving up the value chain. This involves moving beyond the cultivation of agricultural commodities, by actively planning and implementing how one can move into the processing steps that add value locally to the base product.

 Phase III: (2003 - 2017) This phase is about strengthening the business units so that the brand and the community are sustainable. It is during this final phase that capacity building, empowerment, and education take place, so that the people are equipped to take over the project in 2617, when the project phases out. Our ultimate goal is to leave the administration and management of the development of the area and the businesses in the hands of a new generation of local leaders.

From the beginning, the Princess Mother aspired that the DTDP had to be able to finance itself and it would be unfair for Thai citizens outside Doi Tung if they continued relying on financial support from the government. Sustainable development can take place only when financial stability is coupled with social and environmental progress. The Mae Fah Luang Foundation therefore created the “DoiTung” brand as the main channel of income to finance social activities of the DTDP. The DoiTung brand comprises four business units such as food, handicrafts, horticulture, and tourism. The DTDP has been financially self-sustaining since 2001. Figures below show various DoiTung products that has been penetrated to the international market.

Figure 13: DoiTung brand on food products - DoiTung coffee, macadamia nut and café.

Figure 14: DoiTung brand on handicrafts - DoiTung textile, stationaries and pottery.

Figure 15: DoiTung brand on horticulture, botanical garden and tourism.

Since 2003, the DTDP has been recognised by the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) as one of the world's best examples of Alternative Development. In 2009, Mom Rajawongse Disnadda Diskul, the CEO of DTDP, received the Schwab Foundation's "Social Entrepreneur of the Year for the Region of East Asia" award on behalf of the organisation's effort to eliminate social illnesses, and provide people with legitimate livelihoods as well as better quality of life, while restoring the natural environment.

Figure 16: Aerial photos of Mount Doi Tung in the past and present. (Photo: MFLF)

In addition, to help the people of Doi Tung meet their aspirations and future plans, the DTDP in conjunction with the Ministry of Education have embarked on a reform of the school curriculum. Not satisfied with children just being able to read, write and to do mathematics well, the Project looks into embedding deeper holistic values such as discipline and responsibility, creativity, innovation, and self-learning to meet the demand of today's fast changing world and to empower them to help themselves. Internationally accepted approaches to education such as Montessori, project-based learning, and hands-on vocational training that are adapted to the local context and integrated into the Project's social enterprises are practiced. Moreover, the DTDP offers scholarships to local students to further their education and prepare for job opportunities. Local people employed by the Project are also encouraged and coached to understand the value of self-improvement.

In year 2017, 30 years after the inception of the Project, the Foundation has phased out its direct daily involvement, transferring the administration and management of the Project's social enterprises and the overall development of Doi Tung to the new generation of local leaders, making it truly an example of a sustainable development project.

5.1 A visit to The Hall of Inspiration

The Hall of Inspiration is an interactive exhibition space that covers the life and achievements of the members of the Mahidol family: His Royal Highness Prince Mahidol, Her Royal Highness Princess Srinagarindra the Princess Mother, Her Royal Highness Princess Galyani Vadhana, His Majesty King Ananda Mahidol, Rama VIII, and His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej, Rama IX.

The exhibition shows the characters, philosophies, and working principles of the family, as well as their efforts to find ways to improve the lives and livelihoods of the Thai people in all comers of the Kingdom through simple, practical but effective means. It also shows how the members of the family inspired each other, and how their examples can inspire so many others.

5.1.1 Founder of the Doi Tung Development Project

Princess Srinagarindra was the mother two Thai monarchs – King Ananda Mahidol, Rama VIII, and King Bhumibol Adulyadej, Rama IX. Since the late 1960s, Princess Srinagarindra worked to improve the living conditions of rural Thais, particularly the ethnic minorities in remote mountainous areas that were only accessible by helicopter. On those visits, she learnt about their hardship, their lack of opportunity in life and the illnesses that plagued them. She would always be accompanied by a medical team to take care of any sick or injured she came across. She would also bring the Villagers clothes, food, other essentials, and even toys for the children. It was this very image of the Princess Mother descending from the skies that gave rise to the name "Mae Fah Luang" (meaning Royal Mother from the Sky) and became the affectionate title by which the local people addressed her.

Throughout her life, Princess Srinagarindra continued to work to improve the well-being of the poor and marginalised in Thailand. She passed away in 1995, at the age of 95. In 2000, the centenary year of her birth, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) honoured Princess Srinagarindra as a "great personality in public service in the fields of education, applied science, and human, social, and environmental development”.

5.1.2 The Origin of Hill Crafts Foundation

The Mae Fah Luang Foundation under Royal Patronage (MFLF) is a private non-profit organization established to improve the quality of life of the people in poverty and deprived of opportunities. The Foundation provides the people in the project area with education, proper infrastructure, and legitimate ways to earn their living, while fostering coexistence between man and nature. It Improved also encourages the conservation of Lanna and tribal arts, traditions and cultures.

The MFLF was originally founded in 1972 by the late Princess Srinagarindra, the Princess Mother of the present King of Thailand as the Thai Hill Crafts Foundation under the Royal Patronage of Her Royal Highness. Following her visits to remote areas of the country, the late Princess Mother discovered that the ethnic minorities in Northern Thailand were disenfranchised-poor, lacking citizenship and the right to live on the land they farmed, they were often preyed and taken advantage of by opportunist. They were caught in a downward spiral of sickness, poverty, and ignorance. The Princess Mother was aware of their ability in craftsmanship, and as a means of supplementing their income, wanted to help market their work. Her initiative was quite successful, as handicrafts by the ethnic minorities became popular both at home and abroad.

5.1.3 The Mae Fah Luang Foundation under Royal Patronage

After the passing of Her Royal Highness the Princess Mother, His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej, Rama IX, accepted the Mae Fah Luang Foundation under his Royal Patronage and appointed his daughter, Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, as Honorary President. The Foundation continues to develop based on her methodologies and concepts in socio-economic and environmental aspects, and encourages cultural activities in order to elevate the quality of life of the people.

The Mae Fah Luang Foundation under Royal Patronage aims to develop communities, society, environment and cultures following the work of Her Royal Highness the Princess Mother in order to create happiness, sustainability, and stability. The vision and mission of MFLF is:

 To catalyse the growth of sustainable economic, social, cultural and environmental development by providing integrated development cooperation, consultation, and training.

 To establish the Foundation's approach as Thailand's principal development model.

MFLF uses a people-centric approach to development that gives villagers a sense of participation and ownership from the very onset of the projects, solves problems at the roots and promotes alternative livelihoods so villagers can earn legitimate incomes, and find ways that allow people to coexist with the surrounding natural environment. Table 4 below shows the milestones of Mae Fah Luang Foundation.

Table 4: Milestones of Mae Fah Luang Foundation (Credit: MFLF)

Year Milestones Plates 1972 Her Royal Highness the Princess Mother, founded the Thai Hill Crafts Foundation under her Royal Patronage.

1988 The 9,900-rai (1,584 hectares) Reforestation Project to mark the 90th birthday anniversary of Her Royal Highness the Princess Mother was inaugurated.

1989 Navuti Co Ltd was established to run the Economic Forestry Project, with six shareholders, namely The Crown Property Bureau, Mitsui & Co (Thailand) Ltd, Siam Commercial Bank, Asia Bank, Euarchukiati Co Ltd, and Sakura Bank or Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation. Shareholders agree that all profits will be designated for further social and community development of Doi Tung, making it one of the first corporate social responsibility endeavours in Thailand. 1990 The vocational training centers for sewing and weaving set up in Doi Tung, formally known today as the Cottage Industry Centre and Outlet. The year also marked the opening of the first Mae Fah Luang store in Doi Tung. Today, all of the Doi Tung stores are called the Doi Tung Lifestyle.

Year Milestones Plates 2009 Mom Rajawongse Disnadda Diskul, then-Secretary General of Mae Fah Luang Foundation, received the award of "Social Entrepreneur of the Year 2009" for the region of East Asia and South East Asia from the Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship. The Doi Tung Model was implemented as part of the integrated development pilot project according to Royal Initiative in Nan province (2009-2013) in 21 villages of three districts in Nan, namely Ta Wang Pa, Chalermphrakiet and Song Kwae. 2013 The UN General Assembly (UNGA) adopted the United Nations Guiding Principles on Alternative Development (UNGPs on AD), borne out of the International Workshop and Conference on Alternative Development (ICAD) organised by the Mae Fah Luang Foundation and likeminded partners in Thailand in 2011. The UNGPs on AD serve as universal guidelines for countries to work effectively and sustainably in addressing the problem of narcotic crop cultivation through sustainable development Launch of the Nan Reforestation Project (2013-2017)

5.2 A visit to Akra Pa Kluay Village - Climate Change Adaptation on Landslide Disaster

Akra Pa Kluay Village is home to about 100 Akha tribal families and it was an important route for opium caravans for heroin-related trafficking and weapons. The village was originally located at the present site of Mae Fah Luang Botanical Garden, a beautifully landscaped destination and tourist attraction that is part of the Doi Tung Development Project, before it was moved 500 meters away. In 1989, the villagers were convinced to grow coffee and sell it to the Doi Tung Development Project. They now have plenty of more options when it comes to earning a living. In addition to just looking pretty, a major goal of Doi Tung's Mae Fah Luang Gardens is to provide new economic opportunities for the local villagers. Furthermore, another major goal is reforestation, as unsustainable agricultural techniques and improper waste management were starting to take their toll on the once-fertile mountain range.

However, Akra Pa Kluay Village is located within the landslide prone area. AMS participants have been introduced to the climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction (DRR-CCA) measures adopted for this area. In general, comprehensive landslide susceptibility map have been prepared by the Department of Disaster

Prevention and Mitigation with the assistance from the Australian Aid. Moreover, heavy rainfall alarm station which consist of multiple tone siren this area. Siren will be trigged if the daily cumulative rainfall or antecedent rainfall exceed threshold. Besides, various types of slope stability structures and approach have been constructed within the high risk area, such as the use of vertiver grass to stabilise slope, as well as the construction of concrete cribbed wall.

Figure 17: Scenic view (yet high risk) of Akra Pa Kluay Village.

Figure 18: Vertiver grass and concrete structures for hillside slope stability approach.

Figure 19: Landslide disaster information board and basic equipment.

Figure 20: Landslide triggering thresholds and rainfall-landslide relationship curves.

5.3 A visit to Huai Nam Khun Village - Climate Change Adaptation on Flood Disaster

Huai Nam Khun Village is located within Doi Tung Highland Agricultural Extension Center. It was established to provide aid and food resources for local farmers. It has since developed into an integrated agricultural center at the heart of the community. Various types of fruits are grown here such as plums and persimmons. Tourists can visit these farms and to enjoy the hill tribe people's unique cultures and ceremonies.

However, the existence of retention pond for agricultural and aquaculture water resources in this village might be a time-bomb to the downstream area of the pond especially during the rainy season. These area experienced frequent flooding due to the sudden overspill storage water from the pond outlet. Therefore, the Department of

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation with the assistance from the Australian Aid have constructed an online CCTV and siren system to warn downstream villagers before the occurrence of flooding.

Figure 21: Pond outlet during dry season.

Figure 22: Flood disaster information board and basic CCTV and siren equipment.

5.4 MFLF Office - Zero-waste-to-landfill center

The office of MFLF consists of recycling and upcycling center from Doi Tung community. The goals of Doi Tung Development Project area is to be a zero waste area and to be the waste management model and learning center in the country. The AMS representatives were presented one of the best recycling and upcycling center in Thailand. This center promotes proper waste sorting practice, reused waste for different and useful purposes, and properly manage hazardous waste in the area. In general, the cost of waste management spent in this center is less than 500 baht / month (about RM65 / month). This center is now the waste management learning place in Doi Tung.

Figure 23: General information of Zero-waste-to-landfill center

Figure 24: Hazardous waste recycling equipment using chemicals and its collection center.

Figure 25: Roofing from recycled tetra pack milk boxes, soda bottles as daylight sources and collection of rainwater for potable use.

Figure 26: The use of solar energy and wetland to treat wastewater from paper recycling facilities.

Figure 27: General waste sorting, washing, and drying station.

Figure 28: The use of macadamia nut shells for biomass productions in paper recycling area.

Figure 29: Compose facilities and upcycling of non-recycled materials as flooring / planting pot.

6. CONCLUSION

In summary, this workshop was successfully organised by ONEP. The AMS representatives were encouraged to share their knowledge, experiences, and best management practices on the climate change policies, governance and adaptation. This workshop was also discussed on the challenges and gaps in implementing of climate change policies and adaptation among AMS. Malaysia needs to be on a par with Thailand which is the leading country in the implementation of climate change policies and adaptation at various sectors, especially in the integrating of agriculture in the National Adaptation Plan (NAP-Ag).

Moreover, a streamlined and updating of National Policy on Climate Change are needed due to the transformation of government structures and policies. A draft document of Malaysia Climate Change Adaptation Policy integrating various sectors need to be drafted. It is also encourage for Malaysia to seek for an international support for implementing of climate change adaptation and initial strategies thru Green Climate Fund (GCF), as well as support for our capacity building in Climate Change policy, governance and adaptation.

7. REFERENCES

 Delegate guidebook and information note  Presentation materials of this workshop  Doi Tung Development Project site visit guidebook  National Policy on Climate Change, Malaysia  Malaysia Third National Communication and Second Biennial Update Report to the UNFCCC  Scoping Assessment on Climate Change Adaptation in Malaysia  http://www.maefahluang.org/