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2. Fighting Corruption: Political Thought and Practice in the Late Roman Republic
2. Fighting Corruption: Political Thought and Practice in the Late Roman Republic Valentina Arena, University College London Introduction According to ancient Roman authors, the Roman Republic fell because of its moral corruption.i Corruption, corruptio in Latin, indicated in its most general connotation the damage and consequent disruption of shared values and practices, which, amongst other facets, could take the form of crimes, such as ambitus (bribery), peculatus (theft of public funds) and res repentundae (maladministration of provinces). To counteract such a state of affairs, the Romans of the late Republic enacted three main categories of anticorruption measures: first, they attempted to reform the censorship instituted in the fifth century as the supervisory body of public morality (cura morum); secondly, they enacted a number of preventive as well as punitive measures;ii and thirdly, they debated and, at times, implemented reforms concerning the senate, the jury courts and the popular assemblies, the proper functioning of which they thought might arrest and reverse the process of corruption and the moral and political decline of their commonwealth. Modern studies concerned with Roman anticorruption measures have traditionally focused either on a specific set of laws, such as the leges de ambitu, or on the moralistic discourse in which they are embedded. Even studies that adopt a holistic approach to this subject are premised on a distinction between the actual measures the Romans put in place to address the problem of corruption and the moral discourse in which they are embedded.iii What these works tend to share is a suspicious attitude towards Roman moralistic discourse on corruption which, they posit, obfuscates the issue at stake and has acted as a hindrance to the eradication of this phenomenon.iv Roman analysis of its moral decline was not only the song of the traditional laudator temporis acti, but rather, I claim, included, alongside traditional literary topoi, also themes of central preoccupation to Classical political thought. -
Citations in Classics and Ancient History
Citations in Classics and Ancient History The most common style in use in the field of Classical Studies is the author-date style, also known as Chicago 2, but MLA is also quite common and perfectly acceptable. Quick guides for each of MLA and Chicago 2 are readily available as PDF downloads. The Chicago Manual of Style Online offers a guide on their web-page: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html The Modern Language Association (MLA) does not, but many educational institutions post an MLA guide for free access. While a specific citation style should be followed carefully, none take into account the specific practices of Classical Studies. They are all (Chicago, MLA and others) perfectly suitable for citing most resources, but should not be followed for citing ancient Greek and Latin primary source material, including primary sources in translation. Citing Primary Sources: Every ancient text has its own unique system for locating content by numbers. For example, Homer's Iliad is divided into 24 Books (what we might now call chapters) and the lines of each Book are numbered from line 1. Herodotus' Histories is divided into nine Books and each of these Books is divided into Chapters and each chapter into line numbers. The purpose of such a system is that the Iliad, or any primary source, can be cited in any language and from any publication and always refer to the same passage. That is why we do not cite Herodotus page 66. Page 66 in what publication, in what edition? Very early in your textbook, Apodexis Historia, a passage from Herodotus is reproduced. -
Fall 2018 Volume 45 Issue 1
Fall 2018 Volume 45 Issue 1 3 Matthew S. Brogdon “Who Would Be Free, Themselves Must Strike the Blow”: Revolt and Rhetoric in Douglass’s Heroic Slave and Melville’s Benito Cereno 25 Ariel Helfer Socrates’s Political Legacy: Xenophon’s Socratic Characters in Hellenica I and II 49 Lorraine Smith Pangle The Radicalness of Strauss’s On Tyranny 67 David Polansky & With Steel or Poison: Daniel Schillinger Machiavelli on Conspiracy Book Reviews: 87 Ingrid Ashida Persian Letters by Montesquieu 93 Kevin J. Burns Legacies of Losing in American Politics by Jeffrey Tulis and Nicole Mellow 97 Peter Busch Montesquieu and the Despotic Ideas of Europe by Vickie B. Sullivan 103 Rodrigo Chacón The Internationalists: How a Radical Plan to Outlaw War Remade the World by Oona A. Hathaway and Scott J. Shapiro 109 Bernard J. Dobski Shakespeare’s Thought: Unobserved Details and Unsuspected Depths in Thirteen Plays by David Lowenthal 119 Elizabeth C’ de Baca Eastman The Woman Question in Plato’s “Republic” by Mary Townsend 125 Michael P. Foley The Fragility of Consciousness: Faith, Reason, and the Human Good by Frederick Lawrence 129 Raymond Hain The New Testament: A Translation by David Bentley Hart 135 Thomas R. Pope Walker Percy and the Politics of the Wayfarer by Brian A. Smith Doubting Progress: Two Reviews 141 Lewis Hoss A Road to Nowhere: The Idea of Progress and Its Critics 147 Eno Trimçev by Matthew W. Slaboch ©2018 Interpretation, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of the contents may be reproduced in any form without written permission of the publisher. -
The Battlefield Role of the Classical Greek General
_________________________________________________________________________Swansea University E-Theses The battlefield role of the Classical Greek general. Barley, N. D How to cite: _________________________________________________________________________ Barley, N. D (2012) The battlefield role of the Classical Greek general.. thesis, Swansea University. http://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43080 Use policy: _________________________________________________________________________ This item is brought to you by Swansea University. Any person downloading material is agreeing to abide by the terms of the repository licence: copies of full text items may be used or reproduced in any format or medium, without prior permission for personal research or study, educational or non-commercial purposes only. The copyright for any work remains with the original author unless otherwise specified. The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder. Permission for multiple reproductions should be obtained from the original author. Authors are personally responsible for adhering to copyright and publisher restrictions when uploading content to the repository. Please link to the metadata record in the Swansea University repository, Cronfa (link given in the citation reference above.) http://www.swansea.ac.uk/library/researchsupport/ris-support/ Swansea University Prifysgol Abertawe The Battlefield Role of the Classical Greek General N. D. Barley Ph.D. Submitted to the Department of History and Classics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2012 ProQuest Number: 10821472 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. -
April 1 – a Day with a Long History of European Tradition and Mischief
April 1 – a day with a long history of European tradition and mischief March 30, 2012 By U.S. Army Europe Public Affairs Tweet HEIDELBERG, Germany -- April Fool’s Day is this weekend, and that means mischief. Social Media Facebook But where did it all begin? Across Europe there are many explanations for this day of pranks, and many ways of…er…celebrating…the day. Twitter Flickr Here are some bits of European April Fool’s lore and lunacy: YouTube Some historians suggest that the tradition began with ancient festivals such as Hilaria, celebrated by the Romans at the end of March and Saturnalia in late December, both of which included celebrations involving play acting and costumes. Some speculate that the day was once tied to the vernal equinox -- the first day of spring in the northern hemisphere -- when Mother Nature fooled people by sending them changing, unpredictable weather. British folklore traces April Fool’s Day to the Gotham, the “town of fools” in Nottinghamshire. Legend has it that because 13th-century tradition made any road used by the king public property, the citizens of Gotham spread a false story designed to stop King John from passing through their town. The king found out about their deception, however, and sent a messenger to the town to demand an explanation. What the messenger found in Gotham was a town that appeared to be engaged in foolish activities such as drowning fish or attempting to cage birds in roofless pens. Of course it was all an act, but it tricked the king, who declared Gotham too foolish to punish. -
Loeb Lucian Vol5.Pdf
THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB, LL.D. EDITED BY fT. E. PAGE, C.H., LITT.D. litt.d. tE. CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D. tW. H. D. ROUSE, f.e.hist.soc. L. A. POST, L.H.D. E. H. WARMINGTON, m.a., LUCIAN V •^ LUCIAN WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY A. M. HARMON OK YALE UNIVERSITY IN EIGHT VOLUMES V LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS MOMLXII f /. ! n ^1 First printed 1936 Reprinted 1955, 1962 Printed in Great Britain CONTENTS PAGE LIST OF LTTCIAN'S WORKS vii PREFATOEY NOTE xi THE PASSING OF PEBEORiNUS (Peregrinus) .... 1 THE RUNAWAYS {FugiUvt) 53 TOXARis, OR FRIENDSHIP (ToxaHs vd amiciHa) . 101 THE DANCE {Saltalio) 209 • LEXiPHANES (Lexiphanes) 291 THE EUNUCH (Eunuchiis) 329 ASTROLOGY {Astrologio) 347 THE MISTAKEN CRITIC {Pseudologista) 371 THE PARLIAMENT OF THE GODS {Deorutti concilhim) . 417 THE TYRANNICIDE (Tyrannicidj,) 443 DISOWNED (Abdicatvs) 475 INDEX 527 —A LIST OF LUCIAN'S WORKS SHOWING THEIR DIVISION INTO VOLUMES IN THIS EDITION Volume I Phalaris I and II—Hippias or the Bath—Dionysus Heracles—Amber or The Swans—The Fly—Nigrinus Demonax—The Hall—My Native Land—Octogenarians— True Story I and II—Slander—The Consonants at Law—The Carousal or The Lapiths. Volume II The Downward Journey or The Tyrant—Zeus Catechized —Zeus Rants—The Dream or The Cock—Prometheus—* Icaromenippus or The Sky-man—Timon or The Misanthrope —Charon or The Inspector—Philosophies for Sale. Volume HI The Dead Come to Life or The Fisherman—The Double Indictment or Trials by Jury—On Sacrifices—The Ignorant Book Collector—The Dream or Lucian's Career—The Parasite —The Lover of Lies—The Judgement of the Goddesses—On Salaried Posts in Great Houses. -
Magic in Private and Public Lives of the Ancient Romans
COLLECTANEA PHILOLOGICA XXIII, 2020: 53–72 http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-0319.23.04 Idaliana KACZOR Uniwersytet Łódzki MAGIC IN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC LIVES OF THE ANCIENT ROMANS The Romans practiced magic in their private and public life. Besides magical practices against the property and lives of people, the Romans also used generally known and used protective and healing magic. Sometimes magical practices were used in official religious ceremonies for the safety of the civil and sacral community of the Romans. Keywords: ancient magic practice, homeopathic magic, black magic, ancient Roman religion, Roman religious festivals MAGIE IM PRIVATEN UND ÖFFENTLICHEN LEBEN DER ALTEN RÖMER Die Römer praktizierten Magie in ihrem privaten und öffentlichen Leben. Neben magische Praktik- en gegen das Eigentum und das Leben von Menschen, verwendeten die Römer auch allgemein bekannte und verwendete Schutz- und Heilmagie. Manchmal wurden magische Praktiken in offiziellen religiösen Zeremonien zur Sicherheit der bürgerlichen und sakralen Gemeinschaft der Römer angewendet. Schlüsselwörter: alte magische Praxis, homöopathische Magie, schwarze Magie, alte römi- sche Religion, Römische religiöse Feste Magic, despite our sustained efforts at defining this term, remains a slippery and obscure concept. It is uncertain how magic has been understood and practised in differ- ent cultural contexts and what the difference is (if any) between magical and religious praxis. Similarly, no satisfactory and all-encompassing definition of ‘magic’ exists. It appears that no singular concept of ‘magic’ has ever existed: instead, this polyvalent notion emerged at the crossroads of local custom, religious praxis, superstition, and politics of the day. Individual scholars of magic, positioning themselves as ostensi- bly objective observers (an etic perspective), mostly defined magic in opposition to religion and overemphasised intercultural parallels over differences1. -
Burial Customs and the Pollution of Death in Ancient Rome BURIAL CUSTOMS and the POLLUTION of DEATH in ANCIENT ROME: PROCEDURES and PARADOXES
Burial customs and the pollution of death in ancient Rome BURIAL CUSTOMS AND THE POLLUTION OF DEATH IN ANCIENT ROME: PROCEDURES AND PARADOXES ABSTRACT The Roman attitude towards the dead in the period spanning the end of the Republic and the high point of the Empire was determined mainly by religious views on the (im)mortality of the soul and the concept of the “pollution of death”. Contamina- tion through contact with the dead was thought to affect interpersonal relationships, interfere with official duties and prevent contact with the gods. However, considera- tions of hygiene relating to possible physical contamination also played a role. In this study the traditions relating to the correct preparation of the body and the sub- sequent funerary procedures leading up to inhumation or incineration are reviewed and the influence of social status is considered. Obvious paradoxes in the Roman at- titude towards the dead are discussed, e.g. the contrast between the respect for the recently departed on the one hand, and the condoning of brutal executions and public blood sports on the other. These paradoxes can largely be explained as reflecting the very practical policies of legislators and priests for whom considerations of hygiene were a higher priority than cultural/religious views. 1. INTRODUCTION The Roman approach to disposing of the dead in the Republican era and the early Empire (the period from approximately 250 BC to AD 250) was determined in part by diverse cultural/religious beliefs in respect of the continued existence of the soul after death and the con- cept of the “pollution of death”. -
Plutarch's Moralia, Vol. 10 (Loeb Classical Library No. 321) (Greek and English Edition)
(Read download) Plutarch's Moralia, Vol. 10 (Loeb Classical Library No. 321) (Greek and English Edition) Plutarch's Moralia, Vol. 10 (Loeb Classical Library No. 321) (Greek and English Edition) By Plutarch *Download PDF | ePub | DOC | audiobook | ebooks | #1889028 in Books | 1936-01-01 | 1936-01-31 | Original language: English | PDF # 1 | 6.68 x .98 x 4.61l, .73 | File type: PDF | 491 pages | File size: 24.Mb By Plutarch : Plutarch's Moralia, Vol. 10 (Loeb Classical Library No. 321) (Greek and English Edition) e bog de fortrngte optegnelser attentatet p moses 1 af ove von spaeth du kan frit downloade e bogen quot;de fortrngte optegnelserquot; attentatet p moses 1 af les attitudes et comportements sexuels dans la rome antique sont visibles dans lart romain la littrature les inscriptions et dans une moindre mesure dans les Plutarch's Moralia, Vol. 10 (Loeb Classical Library No. 321) (Greek and English Edition): 0 of 0 review helpful Five Stars By Customer It s Plutach need I say more Plutarch Plutarchus ca 45 ndash 120 CE was born at Chaeronea in Boeotia in central Greece studied philosophy at Athens and after coming to Rome as a teacher in philosophy was given consular rank by the emperor Trajan and a procuratorship in Greece by Hadrian He was married and the father of one daughter and four sons He appears as a man of kindly character and independent thought studious and learned Plutarch wrote on many subjects Most About the Author About the Introducer VICTOR DAVIS HANSON has written extensively on both ancient Greek and military history -
Public and Private
POLIS. Revista de ideas y formas políticas de la Antigüedad Clásica 12,1999, pp. 181-228 PUBLIC AND PRÍVATE Konstantinos Mantas Athens A. ABSTRACT In this article we will try to give an answer to the question of changes in the visibility of women in the public sphere. The fact that élite women played a more energetic role in public life firom the late Hellenistic epoch on has been established by our research on the available sources (mostly epigraphical) in some regions of the Greco-Roman East, in particular W. Asia Minor (lonia and Caria) and in Aegean islands such as Lesbos, Chios, Samos, Teños, Syros and Paros. Nevertheless, the inscriptions, being brief summaries of the decrees which were put in the archives, fail to comment on the issue of the honorand's actual fiílfilment of the office, though sometimes they give indirect information on the lady's presence, eg in the stadium. But even if the female raagistrates were visible, did that have any effect on other women? Did the free, or at least the citizen women in the cities of the Román East enjoy more freedom in their raovement outside the oikos? Could women move freely in the agora, the theatre or any other public place? And if they did so, what about their mingling with men and regulations about their clothes and personal behaviour? Literature is important on that subject because it provides indirect information on all the aspects of the problem, but the archaising style and subject matter of many 181 Public and Prívate literary works, the hallmark of the Second Sophistic, throws doubt on their relevance to the era in which our research is located. -
Imitation of Greatness: Alexander of Macedon and His Influence on Leading Romans
Imitation of Greatness: Alexander of Macedon and His Influence on Leading Romans Thomas W Foster II, McNair Scholar The Pennsylvania State University Mark Munn, Ph.D Head, Department of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies College of Liberal Arts The Pennsylvania State University Abstract This paper seeks to examine the relationship between greatness and imitation in antiquity. To do so, Alexander the Great will be compared with Romans Julius Caesar and Marcus Aurelius. The question this paper tries to answer concerns leading Romans and the idea of imitating Alexander the Great and how this affected their actions. It draws upon both ancient sources and modern scholarship. It differs from both ancient and modern attempts at comparison in distinct ways, however. This paper contains elements of the following: historiography, biography, military history, political science, character study, religion and socio-cultural traditions. Special attention has been given to the socio-cultural differences of the Greco-Roman world. Comparing multiple eras allows for the establishment of credible commonalities. These commonalities can then be applied to different eras up to and including the modern. Practically, these traits allow us to link these men of antiquity, both explicitly and implicitly. Beginning with Plutarch in the 1st/2nd century CE1, a long historical tradition of comparing great men was established. Plutarch chose to compare Alexander the Great to Julius Caesar. The reasons for such a comparison are quite obvious. Both men conquered swaths of land, changed the balance of power in the Mediterranean and caused many to either love them or plot to kill them. Scholars have assessed this comparison continuously. -
PONTEM INTERRUMPERE: Plautus' CASINA and Absent
Giuseppe pezzini PONTEM INTERRUMPERE : pLAuTus’ CASINA AnD ABsenT CHARACTeRs in ROMAn COMeDY inTRODuCTiOn This article offers an investigation of an important aspect of dramatic technique in the plays of plautus and Terence, that is the act of making reference to characters who are not present on stage for the purpose of plot, scene and theme development (‘absent characters’). This kind of technique has long been an object of research for scholars of theatre, especially because of the thematization of its dramatic potential in the works of modern playwrights (such as strindberg, ibsen, and Beckett, among many others). extensive research, both theoretical and technical, has been carried out on several theatrical genres, and especially on 20 th -century American drama 1. Ancient Greek tragedy has recently received attention in this respect also 2. Less work has been done, however, on another important founding genre of western theatre, the Roman comedy of plautus and Terence, a gap due partly to the general neglect of the genre in the second half of the 20 th century, in both scholarship and reception (with some important exceptions). This article contributes to this area of theatre research by pre - senting an overview of four prototypical functions of ‘absent characters’ in Roman comedy (‘desired’, ‘impersonated’, ‘licensing’ and ‘proxied’ absentees), along with a discussion of their metatheatrical potential and their close connection archetypal in - gredients of (Roman) comedy. i shall begin with a dive into plautus’ Casina ; this play features all of what i shall identify as the ‘prototypes’ of absent characters in comedy, which will be discussed in the first part of this article (sections 1-5).