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Seasonal Variation of Physio-Chemical Parameters of River Churni. Nadia

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Seasonal Variation of Physio-Chemical Parameters of River Churni. Nadia Vol. 3 Issue No.1, January-March 2021 e-ISSN 2456-7701 Journal of Science and Technological Researches A Peer Reviewed Journal Origin of Innovation Domain: www.jstr.org.in, Email: [email protected] SEASONAL VARIATION OF PHYSIO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF RIVER CHURNI. NADIA DURING 2019-2020 Monojit Ray* Principal and Professor of Chemistry, Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College, Barrackpoe, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India Email: [email protected] Date of Received 20 February, 2021 Date of Revised 02 March, 2021 Date of Acceptance 10 March, 2021 Date of Publication 31 March, 2021 https://doi.org/10.51514/JSTR.3.1.2021.1-5 To link to this article: http://jstr.org.in/downloads/pub/v3/i1/1.pdf “together we can and we will make a difference” I-3 Vikas Nagar, Housing Board Colony, Berasia Road, Karond Bhopal-462038 Domain: www.jstr.org.in, Email: [email protected], Contact: 09713990647 © JSTR All rights reserved Monojit Ray e-ISSN 2456-7701 Journal of Science and Technological Researches (JSTR) Vol. 3 Issue No.1, January-March 2021 SEASONAL VARIATION OF PHYSIO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF RIVER CHURNI. NADIA DURING 2019-2020 Monojit Ray* Principal and Professor of Chemistry, Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College, Barrackpoe, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Churni river is one of the most important river of Ranaghat subdivision, Nadia district of West Bengal, India. The river flows from Majhdia township through Hanskhali, Birnagar, Ranaghat and finally joins river Bhagirathi at Shivpur near Chakdaha (23.13 North, 88.50 East). The biodiversity of any river depends on physicochemical parameters of river water. In this study, I had tried to find out seasonal variation of physicochemical parameters like pH, conductance, salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS) and hardness during the period april 2019 to march 2020. The variations of physicochemical parameters throughout the year have a profound influence on river ecosystem, as it is a lotic ecosystem. Keywords: Physicochemical parameters, Churni river, Water INTRODUCTION River Churni originated from Mathabhanga river depends greatly on pH, salinity, dissolved which is a distributary of the Padma river. The Churni oxygen(DO), turbidity, biochemical oxygen river flows through the Nadia district of West Bengal, demand(BOD) and biologically significant Ion India with a length of approximately 56 kilometres [1]. present within river water. The fact is that, Mathabhanga divides into two MATERIALS AND METHODS streams, namely Ichamati and Churni near Majhdia in Water samples of Churni river were collected from Nadia district. Before independence the river was an five sampling sites; which are namely Taldaha, important route of water travel and trade. More than Sibnibas, Chandannagar, Kalinarayanpur and 100 years the river is an important domain of fresh Ranaghat. All the sampling sites are located within water fish biodiversity. More than 48 fish species are Nadia district, West Bengal, India. The water samples available along with green algae, blue-green algae, were collected monthly intervals from April 2019 to diatoms and phytoplanktons. The phytoplanktons are March 2020 randomly from different depths of Eudorino, Pleodorina, Volvox, Pediastrum, Oocystis, sampling sites up to 8-10ft of River Churni by the Scenedesmus, Coelastrum, Ulothrix, Gloeotila, help of expert swimmers. All the water samples were Oedogonium, Cladophora, Stigeoclorium, Mougeotia, analysed through Titremetry, Spectrophotometry etc. Zygenma, Spirogyra, Microcystis, Aphanothece, At environmental chemistry laboratory of Syechococcus, Merismopedia, Dactylococcopsis, Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College onsite Spirulina, Oscillatoria, Lynabya, Schizothrix, measurements of some physicochemical parameters Symploca, Microcoleus, Wollea, Nostoc, Aradaera, like pH, Conductance, TDS, Salinity were done using Raphidiopsis, Scytorema, Nitella, Anabaena, EUTECH made Multi-parameter PCSTester 35. On Oscillatoria, Chlorella, Eudoria and Gloeotrichia. site dissolve oxygen was measured using Dissolved Various zooplanktons are also present within the river Oxygen Meter, Lutron DO-5509. The water samples [2]. The entire flora and fauna diversity depends on were collected using sterile plastic bottles of 1000 ml the physicochemical parameters of any river and or 500 ml capacity. *Author for correspondence © JSTR All rights reserved (1 ) Monojit Ray e-ISSN 2456-7701 Journal of Science and Technological Researches (JSTR) Vol. 3 Issue No.1, January-March 2021 Results Figure 1: Monthly variation of pH data pH 2019-2020 8.03 7.88 7.72 7.87 7.78 7.82 7.9 7.43 7.67 7.61 7.69 7.6 Figure 2: Monthly variation of TDS data TDS(mg/liter) 2019-2020 454 441 474 461 482 474 487 229 200 197 166 223 Figure 3 : Monthly variation of Conductance data Conductance(µ mho/cm) 2019-2020 634 621.5 686.66 650 678 666 689 323 341 281 278 234 Figure 4 : Monthly variation of Salinity data Salinity(mg/liter) 2019-2020 306 302 334 316 330 322 334 157 134 132 112 108 (2) Monojit Ray e-ISSN 2456-7701 Journal of Science and Technological Researches (JSTR) Vol. 3 Issue No.1, January-March 2021 Figure 5 : Monthly variation of Dissolved Oxygen data DO(mg/liter) 2019-2020 6.8 6.6 7.2 6.7 6.9 7.4 7.5 6 5.6 5.5 5.05 4.2 Figure 6 : Monthly variation of Turbidity data Turbidity(NTU) 2019-2020 13.9 15.56 14.4 11.3 4.61 5.6 4.23 4.11 2.6 3.16 2.46 3.62 Figure 7 : Monthly variation of BOD data BOD(mg/liter) 2019-2020 3.88 3.6 3.4 3.02 3.2 3.2 2.8 3.1 2.8 3 2.2 2.6 Figure 8 : Monthly variation of Hardness data Hardness(ppm) 2019-2020 296 316.16 266.07 258.06 257.57 286 260.832 183.92 162.9 162.03 114.22 106.92 (3) Monojit Ray e-ISSN 2456-7701 Journal of Science and Technological Researches (JSTR) Vol. 3 Issue No.1, January-March 2021 Table 1: Water uses of river Churni are described below Water uses Consuming Contaminating Domestic Use Yes Yes Livestock watering Yes Yes Irrigation Yes Yes Aquaculture No No Commercial fisheries No No Forestry No No Logging Bamboos No No Food Processing No No Textile & Pulp and Paper industry No No Soil erosion from bank for Brick Factory Yes Yes Mining No No Water Transportation Yes Yes Hydroelectric/Nuclear Power generation No No Recreation Yes Yes „Bisarjan‟ of Gods Clay Models Yes Yes Swage water from towns and villages Yes Yes Jute stem ratting Yes Yes DISCUSSION “bisarjan” of gods clay model, water transportation, Throughout the year the pH value remain Jute stem ratting, swage water from towns and minimum above 7.43 and maximum pH value was villages etc. Another factor is waste water which found during february 2020 was 8.03 (Fig 1). The comes through mathabhanga river from Bangladesh. TDS value lies between the range 166 to 487, low CONCLUSION TDS are found during monsoon whereas TDS remain From pH data it is clear that Churni river water is above 400 mg/lit in other seasons (Fig 2). slightly alkaline in all the seasons. Growth of algae Conductance value remains low during August to and other phytoplanktons depends on the variation of November (rainy season) but remain above 600 nutrients, pH, turbidity etc physicochemical µS/cm in other seasons (Fig 3). Salinity is inversely parameters (3). Blue-green algae prefer slightly proportional with species diversity, salinity value alkaline pH(4). Since salinity value varies within 108- remain within 108-334 mg/lit (Fig 4). Throughout the 334 mg/lit, a rich biodiversity is present within river. year the dissolved oxygen (DO) data were found Various kind of flora and fauna are available within between 4.2 to 7.5 mg/lit. The yearly average DO river water (5). During winter and summer river flow found 6.29 but the average DO during July to rate are relatively low and during monsoon it is high December (monsoon and post-monsoon) is 7.05 so,, TDS, conductance, salinity, hardness etc remain mg/lit (Fig 5). Turbidity value remains high at the end lower during the monsoon. During monsoon turbidity of monsoon and beginning of winter (Fig 6). The of any river turns high, this is also a fact for river biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) value found Churni (Figure 6). The growth of cladocerans depends within the range 2.2 to 3.88 (Fig 7). The hardness data on water hardness. There are some indications that reflects that the river is moderately hard except rainy large cladocerans such as daphnia require higher season (Fig 8). specific quantity of calcium Ion. Conductance value From the Table 1 it is evident that the major source reflect the amount of ions present within the river of water pollution are domestic use of river water, water. It is clear from Figure 3 that river Churni water (4) Monojit Ray e-ISSN 2456-7701 Journal of Science and Technological Researches (JSTR) Vol. 3 Issue No.1, January-March 2021 contains sufficient amount of Ions which serves as fauna. For drinking purpose, the river water shoul be nutrients to the flora and fauna present. The sufficient purified and free from blue-green algae, toxins, amount of coliform bacteria is present within the river bacteria, virus and suspended solids etc. water. It should be noted that the total coliform count ACKNOWLEDGEMENT must be less than 10 per ml. According to World Monojit Ray Thanks Research monitoring Health Organization any drinking water must have pH committee, Governing Body and University Grant between 6.5 to 7.5(6). TDS should be less than 600 Commission, India for financial assistance to ppm and BOD value of Churni river water always Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College under remain below 3.88 mg/lit.
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