CENSUS OF 1991

REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF INDIA -A CARTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

OCCASIONAL PAPERS

SERIES -1 VOLUME-XIII WEST

Planning & Supervisipn Dr. R. P. Singh . Assistant Registrar General (Map)

General Direction & Editing J. K. BANTHIA of the Indian Administrative Service Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India . 2A, Mansingh Road, New Delhi * Maps included in this volume are based upon Survey of India map with the pellnission of the Surveyor General ofIndia.

* The Territorial water ofIndia extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line.

* The inter-state boundaries between Arunachal Pradesh, and Meghataya shown on this map are as interpreted from the North-Eastem Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971 but have yet to be verified. (For India Map only)

* Government oflndia Copyright, 2001. FOREWORD

"Regional Divisions of India ~ A Cartographic Analysis", of each State and Union Temtory Volume,1991 is undertaken by the Map Division of this office. The project is in continuation ofa similar 'Occasional'Paper' published during the 1981 Census. In this study,

regions are delineated at macro, messo, micro and sub-micro level in e~h state/.union terril:ory. While delineating such regions, the physio-geographic factors are taken into accclunt. These physio-geographic factors consist of (i) Physiography; (ii) Geological strui;ture; (iii) Forest coverage; (iv) Climatic conditions and (v) Soils. The sub"micro regions Yare delineated within the district keeping in view the above physio-geographic factors. The regi.onal boundaries delineated earlier at different levels are retained as such. However, the jurisdictional changes at the district level during 1981-91 were added in the respective regions. ,A few more tables and maps'on educational level of primary and secondary schools and availability of medical facilities at the villages, have been appended in this volume. This publication consists of three parts. Part I contains the brief introductory note on Regional Divisions of India along with a map of India showing the regional boundaries at

micro level. Thi~ part is common tor all the States and Union territories Volume. Part II deals with the description of Regional Divisions of each State and Union territory. In this section,

th~re are nearly' 21 maps related to different themes e.g. density, sex ratio, growth of population, workers, literacy and the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes. These maps .are prepared at the sub-micro level. Part ITl is mainly devoted to presentation of data an.d maps of the districts. The districts are divided into sub-micro regions of the fourth order and brief analysis of each of these sub-micro regions is written and supported by tables miating to the main demographic theme of the districts. This project is executed under the technical supervision of Dr. R.P. Singh, Assistant . Registrar General (Map)' and other officers and staff of the Map Division of this office and Directorates of Census Operations of StateslUnion territories. The officers and the staff associated with this project ate acknowledged separately. An effort is made to publish this volume on Compact Discs also for the convenience of the users. I hope this pUblication will be useful for administrators, geographers, demographers and others interested in different fields of population study.

New Delhi Dated: 30.1.2001 J .K. Banthia Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India

111

PREFACE

The present volume is a continuation of the original endeavour towards presenting a cartographic analysis of the main demographic, economic and physio-cultural characteristics of the country. The work of delineation of natural divisions in this study was wl~lcomed by the scholars, gl~graphers and planners both in India and abroad.

The study of spatial patterns, variations in resources, heterogeneous physio-graphic factors and problems in development bring out the need for a regional approach to planning-planning as related to the situation in the field in order to better respond to local aspirations and for better utilization oflocal n:sources. In order to encourage such endeavour and to bring out such a publication, Government ofIndia s~mctioned a plan scheme for the Census Organization entitled "Regional Divisions' of India - A Cartographic Analysis". The aims and obj ect of this analysis is to study the census villages and towns with physio-geographic characteristics in order to bring out viable homogeneous regions at the micro level within the districts. In this volume, more precise maps have been produced for the study of natural d:,visions in India. In delineating the micro level regions, the physio-geographical factors such as physiography, geological structure, forest coverage, climatic conditions and soils have been includecl in the study. This work ofdelineation ofSub-micro regions within the districts will play an important role in the implementation ofplanning within the framework of the state. However, it must be considered that publication of the study has been delayed. to a great extent for reasons beyond our control. However, I sincerely hope that such an analysis for the 2001 census will be published much before the next dl~cennial census due in 2011.

I am highly indebted to Dr. P. C. Coomar, Deputy Director, Directorate of Census Opera- tions who made valuable contributions in editing the entire project. The credit fi)r bringing out the volume rightly goes to the map section ofthis office. A list ofofficials associated with this project is given sepa­ rately. I avail this opportunity to thank Shri O. Manaoton Singh, Sr. Geographe'l' who not only drafted the analytical notes but also shouldered the responsibility to supervise the work in map section for bringing the pUblication.

I am very grateful to Shri J. K. Banthia, Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India who inspired us in bringing out the publication. I express my sincere gratitude to Smt. Minati Ghosh, Deputy Registrar General (Map) and Dr. R. P. Singh, Assistant Registrar General (Map) for their careful scrutiny and valuable supervision in finalizing this volume.

VikramSen' Director Census Operations,

v TECHNICAL STAFF OF Rdl HEADQUARTERS WITH THIS PROJECT

Planning & Supervision : Dr. R. P. Singh Assistant Registrar General (Map)

Progress & Monitoring: R. N. Chhipa Research Officer (Map) R. K. Chourajit Singh Research Officer (Map) Upto 31.8.2001

Computor mapping and other Pooran Singh, Senior Geographer computerised work: Dinesh, Draughtsman Anil B. Dhengle, Sr. Draughtsman

Cover Design : Mohd. Ishaque, Sr. Drawing Assistant

Secretarial Work : A. K. Jain, P.A. P. K. Ajmani, P .A.

DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS, WEST BENGAL

Technical Supervision of Dr. P. C. Coomar Deputy Director Maps & Cartographic Work: O. Monaoton Singh, Sr. Geographer B. N. Mallick, Sr. Drawing Assistant R. C. Das, Sr. Draughtsman A. R. Halder, Sr. Draughtsman :Pradip Das, Sr. Draughtsman H. R. Banerjee, Sr. Draughtsman A. K. Paul, Sr. Draughtsman S. K. Chatterjee, Sr. Draughtsman Suman Topno, Sr. Draughtsman Prashanta Roy, Draughtsman N. N. Das, Draughtsman Sanjib Das, Draughtsman Ashok Mandai, Draughtsman Kartick Munnu, Draughtsman T. Bhattacharj ee, Draughtsman

VI CONTENTS Pages :F'oreword ill

:Preface v

Technical Staff of the R.G.I. Headquarters and Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. vi

PART-I

GENERAL NOTE:

Regional Divisions ofIndia-A Cartographic Analysis-General Note' 1-4

Brief characteristics ofRegional Divisions 5-14

.Physio-Geographic Regions ofIndia (Regional Divisions) 17-25

PART - II

Regional Divisions of West Bengal 29-41

GENE~~MAPS

:Position ofWest Bengal in India 1991 45

Administrative Divisions 1991 (C. D. Block) 47

Administrative Divisions 1991 (Police Station) 49

Relief And Drainage Sl

Normal Monthly And Annual Rainfall 53

Normal Monthly And Annual Temperature SS

Geology 57

Soils 59

Growth of Population 1981 - 91 (Sub-micro level) 61

Density of Population 1991 (Sub-micro level) 63

Distribution of Population 1991 65

Variation in Density of Population 1981-91 (Sub-micro level) 67

Rural Density of PopUlation 1991 (Sub-micro level) 69

Variation in Rural Density of Population 1981-91 (Sub-micro level) 71 vii Urban Density of Population 1991 (Sub-micro level) 73

Variation in Urban Density of Population 1981-91 (Sub-micro level) 75

Sex Ratio 1991 (Sub-micro level) 77

Scheduled Castes 1991 (Sub-micro level) 79

Scheduled Tribes 1991 (Sub-micro level) 81

PART - III REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF DISTRICTS:

1. DISTRICT JALPAIGURl

(i) Regional Divisions ofJalpaiguri 85-86

(ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Table-l 89

(iii) Region-wise village codes, 1991 Table-2 89-90

(iv) Data on Regional Divisions - Total (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-3 90

(v) Data on Regional Divisions - Rural (Workers / Non-Workers) Table-4 91

(vi) Data on Regional Divisions - Urban (Workers I Non-Workers) T able-5 91

(vii) Data on Regional Divisions (Literates & SC/ST) Table-6 91

(viii) Statement on Region-wise Physio-Cultural Details of Jalpaiguri 92-96

2. DISTRICT DARJILING

(i) Regional Divisions ofDaIjiling 97-98

(ii) Data on Regional Divisions ofDarjiling Table-! 101

(iii) Region-wise village codes, 1991 Table-2 101-102

(iv) Data on Regional Divisions - Totll (Workers I Non-Workers) Ta~le-3 103

(v) Data on Regional Divisions - Rural (Workers/Non-Workers) Table-4 103

(vi) Data on Regional Divisions - Urban (Workers /Non-Workers) Table-5 104

(vii) Data on Regional Divisions (Literates & SC/ST) Table-6 104

(viii) Statement on Region-wise Physio-CuituraI Details ofDaljiling 105-111

viii 3. DISTRICT KOCH

(i) Regional Divisions of Koch Bihar 112-115

(ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Koch Bihar Table-l 11S

(iii) Region-wise village codes, 1991 Table-2 115-116

(iv) Data on Regional Divisions - Total (Workers / Non-Workers) Table-3 116

(v) Data on Regional Divisions - Rural (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-4 117

(vi) Data on Regional Divisions - Urban (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-5 117

(vii) Data on Regional Divisions (Literates & SC/ST) Table-6 117

(viii) Statement on Region-wise Physio-Cultural Details of Koch Bihar 118-121

4. DISTRICT WEST DINAJPUR

(i) Regional Divisions of West Dinajpur 122-125

(ii) Data on Regional Divisions ofW,~st Dinajpur Table-l 126

(iii) Region-wise village codes, 1991 Table-2 126-127

(iv) Data on Regional Divisions - Tot11 (Workers/Non-Workers) Table-3 127

(v) Data on Regional Divisions - Rural (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-4 128

(vi) Data on Regional Divisions - Urban (Workers / Non-Workers) Table-5 128

(vii) Data on Regional Divisions (Literates & SC/ST) Table-6 128

(viii) Statement on Region-wise Physic-Cultural Details ofWest Din~jpur 129-131

:5. DISTRICT MALDAH

(i) Regional Divisions ofMaldah 132-135

(ii) Data on Regional Divisions ofMddah Table-l 135

(iii) Region-wise village codes, 1991 Table-2 136-137

(iv) Data on Regional Divisions - TotcJ 0N orkers / Non-Workers) Table-3 137 (v) Data.. on Regional Divisions - Rural (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-4 137 (vi) Data on Regional Divisions - Urban (Workers/Non-Workers) Table-5 138

(vii) Data on Regional Divisions (Literates & SC/ST) Table-6 138

(viii) Statement on Region-wise Physio-Cultural Details ofMaldah 139-142

jx Ct. DISTRICT

(i) Regional Divisions ofMurshidabad 143-144

(ii) Data on Regional Divisions ofMurshidabad Table-l 147

(m) Region-wise village codes, 1991 T2.ble-2 147-149

(iv) Data on Regional Divisions - Total (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-3 149

(v) Data on Regional Divisions - Rural (Workers I Non-Workers) Tabl(:-4 150

(vi) Data on Regional Divisions - Urban (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-5 150

(vii) Data on Regional Divisions (Literates & SC/Sn Table-6 151

(viiI) Statement on Region-wise Physio-Cultural Details ofMurshidabad 151-156

7. DISTRICT NADIA

(i) Regional Divisions ofNadia 157-158

en) Data on Regional Divisions ofNadia Table-l 161

(ill) Region-wise village codes, 1991 Table-2 161-164

(iv) Data on Regional Divisions -Total (Workers I Non-Workers) Table:-3 164

(v) Data on Regional Divisions -Rural (Workers IN on-Workers) Table-4 165

(vi) Data on Regional Divisions - Urban (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-5 165

(vii) Data on Regional Divisions (Litera1~es & SC/ST) Table-6 166

(viii) Statement on Region-wise Physio-Cultural Details ofNadia 167-173

.8. DISTRICTNORTHTWENTYFOURPARGANAS

(i) Regional Divisions ofNorth Twentyfour Parganas 174-177 .. (n) Data on Regional Divisions ofNorth Twentyfour Parganas Table-l 177

(iiI) Region-wise village codes, 1991 Table-2 178-179

(iv) Data on Regional Divisions -Tota) (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-3 180

(v) Data on Regional Divisions -Rural (Workers INon- Workers) Table-4 180

(vi) Data on Regional Divisions - Urban (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-5 180

(vii) Data on Regional Divisions (Literates & SC/ST) Table-6 181

(viiI) Statement on Region-wise Physio-Cultural Details ofNorth Twentyfour Parganas 182-185 x ~'. DISTRICT SOUTH TWENTYFOURPARGANAS & CALCUTTA

(i) Regional Divisions of South Twentyfour Pargan~ & Calcutta 186-189

(ii) Data on Regional Divisions of South Twentyfour Parganas & Calcutta Table-l 190

(iii) Region-wise village codes, 1991 Table-2 190-192

(iv) Data on Regional Divisions - Total (Workers / N on-Workers) Table-3 193

(v) Data on Regional Divisions - Rural (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-4 193

(vi) Data on Regional Divisions - Urb:ln (Workers /Non-Workers) Table-5 194

(vii) Data on Regional Divisions (Literates & SC/ST) Table-6 194

(viii) Statement on Region-wise Physio-Cultural Details of South Twentyfour Parganas & Calcutta 195-200

.W. DISTRICT HAORA

(i) Regional Divisions ofHaora 201-202

(ii) Data on Regional Divisions ofHaora Table-l 205

(iii) Region-wise village codes, 1991 Table-2 205-206

(iv) Data on Regional Divisions - Total (Workers/Non-Workers) Table-3 206

(v) Data on Regional Divisions - Rural (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-4 207

(vi) Data on Regional Divisions - Urban (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-5 207

(vii) Data on Regional Divisions (Lite:-ates & SC/ST) Table-6 207

(viii) Statement on Region-wise Physio-Cultural Details ofHaora 208-212

11. DISTRICT HUGLI

(i) Regional Divisions ofHugli 213-214

(ii) Data on Regional Divisions ofHu gli Table-l 217

(iii) Region-wise village codes, 1991 Table-2 217-218

(iv) Data on Regional Divisions - Totll (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-3 219

(v) Data on Regional Divisions - Rural (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-4 219

(vi) Data on Regional Divisions - Urban (Workers/Non-Workers) Table-5 219

(vii) Data on Regional Divisions (Literates & SC/ST) Table-6 220

(viii) Statement on Region-wise Physio-Cultural Details of HugIi 221-225 xi :12. DISTRICT BARDDHAMAN

(i) Regional Divisions ofBarddhaman 226-230

(n) Data on Regional Divisions ofBarddharnan Table-l 230

(m) Region-wise village codes, 1991 Table-2 231-233

(iv) Data on Regional Divisions - Total (Workers / Non-Workers) Table-3 234

(v) Data on Regional Divisions - Rural (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-4 234

(vi) Data on Regional Divisions - Urban (Workers / Non-Workers) TabJe-5 235

(vii) Data on Regional Divisions (Literates & SC/ST) Table-6 235

(viii) Statement on Region-wise Physio-Cultural Details ofBarddhaman 236-242

L3. DISTRICT MEDINIPUR

(i) Regional Divisions ofMedinipur 243-244

(n) Data on Regional Divisions ofMedinipur Table-l 247

(iii) Region-wise village codes, 1991 Table-2 247-253

(iv) Data on Regional Divisions - Total (Workers / Non-Workers) Table-3 253

(v) Data on Regional Divisions - Rural (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-4 254

(vi) Data on Regional Divisions - Urban (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-5 254

(viI) Data on Regional Divisions (Literates & SC/ST) Table-6 255

(viiI) Statement on Region-wise Physio-Cultural Details ofMedinipur 256-262

14. DISTRICT

(i) Regional Divisions ofBankura 263-267

(ll) Data on Regional Divisions ofBankura Table-l 268

(m) Region-wise village codes, 1991 Table-2 268-270

(iv) Data on Regional Divisions-Total (Workers/Non-Workers) Tabh::-3 271

(v) Data on Regional Divisions - Rural (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-4 271

(vi) Data on Regional Divisions - Urban (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-5 272

(vii) Data on Regional Divisions (Literates & SC/ST) Table-6 272

(viiI) Statement on Region-wise Physio-Cultural Details ofBankura 273-279

xii ] 5. DISTRICT BIRBHUM

(i) Regional Divisions ofBirbhwn 280-283

(ii) Data on Regional Divisions ofBir::>hum Table-l 284

(iii) Region-wise village codes, 1991 Table-2 284-286

(iv) Data on Regional Divisions - Total (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-3 287

(v) Data on Regional Divisions - Ruml (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-4 287

(vi) Data on Regional Divisions - Urban (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-5 288

(vii) Data on Regional Divisions (Literates & SC/ST) Table-6 288

(viii) Statement on Region-wise Physio-Cultural Details of Birbhum 289-294

16. DISTRICT PURULIYA

(i) Regional Divisions ofPuruliya 295-296

(ii) Data on Regional Divisions ofPumliya Table-l 296

(iii) Region-wise village codes, 1991 Table-2 299-300

(iv) Data on Regional Divisions - Total (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-3 301

(v) Data on Regional Divisions - Rural (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-4 301

(vi) Data on Regional Divisions - Urban (Workers I Non-Workers) Table-5 302

(vii) Data on Regional Divisions (Literates & SC/ST) Table-6 302

(viii) Statement on Region-wise Physio-Cultural Details ofPuruliya 303-306

xiii

PART -I REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF INDIA ·REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF INDIA-A CARTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS GENERAL NOTE

Region is a complex phenomenon which varies according to purposes but must have homogeneous chanlcteristics. To delineate a region in a country like India with an area of 3287,263 Km2, extending betwt!,en latitudes of 8° 4' 28" and 37° 17' 53" North and longitudes of 68° 7' 53" and 97° 24' 47" East and havir 9 a great range of geographic variations is a gigantic task. In the changed scenario of planning where emphasis is being laid on grass~oot level planning, the delineation of sub-micro region having vUlage as unit, is significant. For carving out such natural regions, the following considerations, inter-alia, are to be kept in view:

(i) Contiguous geographical area;

(ii) Homogeneous administrative machinery capable of formulating and implementing integrated area plans ;

(iii) Reliable statistical data base;

(iv) Existence of nodal regions ; and

(v) Amenability of the natural boundaries to marginal adjustments so that the former. by and large, conform to administrative boundaries at given points of time.

In India, district is a defined administrative unit which is planning unit also. The district boundaries do cClincide with regional boundaries and have reliable statistical data base. Hence, district has been taken as a I)asic unit of delineation.

A number of scholars have delineated the natural regions of the country which was mainly based on physical factors. Accordingly they divided the country into traditional regions of mountains, plateaus and plainlt. In Census of India, A. Mitra and late P. Sengupta attempted the regionalisation of the country taking into consideration district as basic unit of data presentation but they have not taken into conSideration the intra--district variations. Hence this study was undertaken during 1981 to delineate sub-rnicro region in each distri,::t based on physio-geographical characteristics. While delineating the sub-micro region. village was taken as a basic unit of demarcation. Since each sub-micro region has been clearly delineated in rural and urba " constituents, the demographic characteristics and other statistical data can be generated for the post--census period also to the extent to which village-wise I town~wise data an~ available. The scheme was -the first of its kind in the history of the Census in India and would serve a~i a useful framework for admi nistrators. planners, researchers and other data users for area specific plam~ing.

The basic work of delineation of sub-micro region at district level was undertaken during 1981 Cen!!ius as a plan project and separate volumes for each State I Union Territory was published during 1981 Census. Present study is in continuation of the 1981 project In which sub-micro regions delineated during 1981 Census and published in the respective volume were adopted in the same pattern without any change. The code structures of the sub-micro regions are also the same used in 1981 Census. A detailed description of code structure is given in the Macro and Meso regional divisions of India. However, the new administrative changes during 1981-91 were added in the respective sub-micro regions as per list given herewith :

Region Micro region Newly Created Districts No. (1981-91)

(1) (2) (3)

1.4.3. Western Arunachal Pradesh-Himalaya (i) Tawang 1.4,4. Eastern Arunachal Pradesh-Himalaya (i) Changlang 1.5,2. Manipur Hills (i) Ukhrul (ii) Senapati (iii) Tamenglong (IV) Churachandpur (v) Pocket of Imphal (vi) Chandel

1.53. Imphal Valley (i) Imphal (ii) Bishnupur (iii) Thoubal

1.57. 'Cachar .plain (i) Haila Kandi (ii) Karimganj

2.2,1. Eastern Haryana Plain (i) Nagar (ii) Kaithsl (iii) Panipat

2.2,3. Southern Haryana Plain (i) Rewari

2.4,1. Northern Upper Ganga Plain (i) Hardwar

2.4.2. Southern Upper Ganga Plain (i) Firozabad

2.5,1. Middle Ganga Plain-West (i) Kanpur Dehat (ii) Kanpur Nagar

2.5,2. Middle Ganga Plain-East (i) Mau (ii) Siddharth Nagar (iii) Maharajganj

2.6,1. Plain (i) Madhepura (ii) Araria (iii)

2.6,2. South Bihar Plain (i) Khagaria (ii) Jehanabad

2 (1) (2) (3)

2.6.5. Proper Delta (i) North 24 Parganas (ii)

2.7.1. Western Brahmaputra Valley (i) Kokrajhar (ii) Oii) Barpeta Qv) Nalbari M Dhubri

2.7.2. Central Brahmaputra Valley (i) Sonitpur (ii) Marigaon

2.7.3. Eastern Brahmaputra Valley (i) Dhemaji (ii) Tinsukia (iii) Jorhat (IV) Golaghat

3.1.3. Banas Chambal Basin (i) Dhaulpur

3.2.2. Mirzapur Uplands (i) Sonbhadra

3.3.1. Plateau (I) Gumla (ii) Lohardaga

3.3.2. Hazaribag Plateau (i) (ii) Deoghar (iii) Godda Qv) Sahibganj

3.3.4. Singhbhum Plateau (i) Pashchimi Singhbhum (ii) Purbi Singhbhum

3.7.2. Wardha-Penganga-Walnganga Plain (i) Gadchlroli

3.8.1. Eastern Plateau (I) Jalna (ii) Latur

3.9.3. Southern Kamataka Plateau (i) Bangalore Rural (ii) Bangalore Urban

3.10.1. Eastern Flanks of Sahyadri (i) Dindigul--Anna

3.10.2. Tamil Nadu Uplands (i) North Arcot-Ambedkar (ii) Tiruvannamalai- Sambuvarayar

3 (1) (2) (3)

4.2.1. Maharashtra Littoral (i) Sindhudurg

4.2.2. Goa Coast (i) North Goa (ii) South Goa

4.2.4. North Kerala Coast (i) Kasaragod (ii) Kannur

. 4.2.5. Central Kerala Coast (I) Palakkad (ii) Thrissur

4.2,6. South Kerala Coast (I) Alappuzha (ii) Pathanamthltta (iii) Kollam Qv) Thiruvananthapuram

4.3.2. Sandy Littoral (i) Pasumpon Muthu Ramalinga Thevar (ii) Kamarajar (iii) Chidambaranar

4.3.3. Coromandel Coast (i) ChengaJpattu M.G.R.

4 BRIEF CHARACTERISTICS OF REGIONAL DIVISIONS

1. THE NORTHERN MOUNTAINS :

The Northern Mountains corresponding with the Himalayan zone facing the northern frontier of the sutJoocontinent comprise Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Northern Uttar Pradesh, , Northern West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, , and part of Assam. ThEl Northern Mountains have been divided primarily according to the geology and forest cover. The relief and drainage however, have also played a dominant role in establishing various sub-divisions within the Himalayan zone. This macro region has been divided into 5 sub-regions (meso) and 24 divisions (micro) on the basis of above mentioned factors.

These sub-regions are :

1.1 Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya:

This sub-region covers the entire Jammu and Kashmir and is further divided into following three divisions (micro regions)

1.1.1 Ladakh 1.1.2 Kashmir Valley 1.1.3 Jammu

In these divisions the relief presents remarkable variations. The grouping of the districts has been mt;lde in conformity with the geological structure, elevation and forest cover. Other factors do not play significant role in delineating these divisions. However, sub-montane soil (Podsolic) is dominant in the Ka shmir Valley and brown hill soil is seen in the southern part of Jammu and Kashmir. Ladakh region is fully predominated by mountain meadow soils as well as glaciers and eternal snow. Forest is mostly alpine type in fhe northern regions and sub-alpine in the southern regions.

1.~:. Himachal Pradesh Himalaya :

The entire state of Himachal Pradesh falls under this sub-region. It has been further divided into the: following 4 divisions:

1.2.1 Northern Himachal Pradesh 1.2.2 Trans-Himalayan Zone 1.2.3 Central Himachal Pradesh 1.2.4 Southern Himachal Pradesh

Geologically, it is almost similar to that of Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya. However, this sub­ re{lion is characterised by marked variations in the relief features, mainly on the consideration of micro-relief and little variations in soils.

5 1.3. Uttar Pradesh Himalaya :

This sub-region has been divided into three divisions, viz.,

1.3.1 Kumaon Himalaya-North

1.3.2 Western Kumaon Himalaya, Siwalik and Doons

1.3.3 Kumaon Himalaya-East

In these areas, the elevation has been taken as the main basis for classification. Geology and forest have also been taken into account. The soils are mostly of brown hill type in the sub-region with marked differences in the southern Siwalik zone, locally known as 'Tarai' and 'Bhur' soils. The Kumaon Himalaya-North has important peaks like Nanda Devi, Kamet and Badrinath. The Ganga and the Yamuna have their sources in this region. The Western Kl:lmaon Himalaya, Siwalik and Doons cover Dehradun, Garhwal and Tehri Garhwal districts and have an elevation of 900 to 1000 m. The Kumaon Himalaya-East wtlich comprises Almora and Nainital districts is marked with some narrow valleys on high altitudes.

1.,4 North :

This region includes four sub-regions extending over Sikkim, Darjiling and 'Duar' areas of West BElngal and Arunachal Pradesh. The Darjiling section of the Himalayan zone rises abruptly from 'Duar' plains of West Bengal. Three high peaks namely, Siwalik Phu (3630 m), Sabargam (354~ m) and Phalut (3596 m) are located in this section of Himalayan zone. Similarly, the lofty range of about 5000 m. with intermittent summits are the chief characteristics of Arunachal Pradesh. Weather is damp and cold and tpe forests are dElnse. Annual rainfall ranges between 250 and 350 cm. The drainag~ is in evolutionary stage and immature. This region has been divided into 4 divisions as below:

1.4.1 Sikkim Himalaya

1.4.2 Darjiling Himalaya including 'Duars'

1.4.3 Western Arunachal Pradesh Himalaya

1.4.4 Eastern Arunachal Pradesh Himalaya

1.5 Eastern Hill Zone :

This region represents the eastern section of Himalayan zone extending over Nagaland, Manipur Mizorarri, Tripura, part of Assam and Meghalaya. This region is interspersed with plains especially in Silchar, I\,orth eachar Hills and adjoining areas. Topographically it is rugged. The SIOPEtS are quite steep. Over the T ripura region the topography has interspersed ranges and valleys. Consequently communication is difficult.

The Khasi and Jaintia Hills region in Meghalaya is like a table land. Geologically it is an eastward extension of the massive block of the peninsular region broken by the alluvium of Bengal basin. In its long geological history this region is said to have been submerged during Mesozoic and early Tertiary times due tl) marine transgression which was further uplifted at ihe time of Himalayan orogenesis.

6 The region has been divided into 10 divisions as below:

1.5.1 Nagaland Hills 1.5.2 Manipur Hills 1.5.3 Imphal Valley 1.5.4 Mizo Hill Zone 1.5.5 Tripura Plain 1.5.6 Tripura Hills 1.5.7 Cachar Plain 1.5.8 Karbi Anglong and North Cachar Hills 1.5.9 Eastern Meghalaya 1.5.10 Western Meghalaya

2. THE GREAT PLAINS :

This is the most important zone in view of human concentration and it stretches from Rajasthan via Punjab, Haryana, uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal to the eastern section of Brahmaputra Valley. It is an em~losed vast basin of various small and large rivers separated by 'alluvial divides'.

The western section comprising arid Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi and Western UUar Pradesh is slightly higher in elevation (over 150 m) than the eastern section of the plain. However, acc~ording to elevation, this plain shows three levels of relief configuration, betwElen 0 to 75 m. in the eastern sec::tion, 75 to 150 m in the Central Uttar Pradesh and 150 to 300 m. in the western zone with the exception of small zone in eastern Jaisalmer district where the elevation is below 75 m. Geologically the whole retlion is made of alluVium brought by rivers from the and this is a gradational plain fonned during Plf1istocene and Recent geological times. On the basis of drainage, soils and rainfall, the region has been div ided into 7 (meso) sub-regions and 24 (micro) divisions :-

2.1 Punjab Plain :

In this plain 4 divisions as listed below have been delineated on the basis of soils and rainfall. Soils am alluvial with variations of 'banger' and 'Khadar'. Agriculturally, this is the most important region.

2.1 .1 Ravi-Beas Inter-Fluvial Plain 2.1.2 Hoshiarpur-Chandigarh sub-montane Plain 2.1.3 Beas-Satluj Doab 2.1.4 Punjab Malwa Plain

2.~~ Haryana Plain :

In this region which also includes Delhi, three divisions have been delineated on the basis of topography and distribution of soils which are sandy and calcareous.

2.2.1 Eastern Haryana Plain 2.2.2 Western Haryana Plain 2.2.3 Southern Haryana Plain

7 2.:1 Arid Rajasthan Plain :

This meso region receives an average rainfall of less than 40 cm. It has been divided into four micro renions mainly on the basis of distribution of rainfall which are:

2.3.1 Ghaggar Plain 2.3.2 Rajasthan Bagar 2.3.3 Extremely Arid Tract 2.3.4 Luni Valley

2.4 Upper Ganga Plain :

This is the vast stretch of the Ganga Plain where the rivers are playing an important role in carrying out definite influence of their own. I n general, the soil is alluvial but variations have developed on the upland an::i the low land areas. The Upper Ganga Plain has been divided into 2 divisions, viz.,

2.4.1 Northern Upper Ganga Plain 2.4.2 Southern Upper Ganga Plain

2.!i Middle Ganga Plain :

This is the transitional zone between the Upper Ganga Plain and the L.ower Ganga Plain and has been divided into two divisions, viz.,

2.5.1 Middle Ganga Plain-West 2.5.2 Middle Ganga Plain-East

2.Ei Lower Ganga Plain :

The characteristics of the landscape in the Ganga Plain change abruptly in Lower Ganga Plain extending over Bihar and West Bengal due to high rainfall. It has an elevation of below 75 m. and has been further divided into following six micro regions :-

2.6.1 North Bihar Plain 2.6.2 South Bihar Plain 2.6.3 2.6.4 Moriband Delta 2.6.5 Proper Delta 2.6.6 Rarh Plain

2.7' Brahmaputra Valley:

The Brahmaputra Valley presents typical geographical features. In general, the valley has an elevation of below 75 m. The eastern section is more undulating. Rainfall is very high and river pattern is braided in various sections of the Brahmaputra. The tributaries joining the main river Brahmaputra

B discharge large amount of water during the monsoon period and hence cause floods in the valley region. It is also covered with luxuriant vegetations throughout. Hence, on these basis this valley has been di'lided into three divisions with definite characteristics.

2.7.1 Western Brahmaputra Valley 2.7.2 Central Brahmaputra Valley 2.7.3 Eastern Brahmaputra Valley

3. THE DECCAN PLATEAU :

The Deccan Plateau represents the whole of South Indian tableland. From the point of view of geology, the whole region is composed of metamorphic rocks of pre Cambrian age. Considering drainage, elovation, forest cover, soils and rainfall, sub-divisions were delineated. In genen:ll, the elevation rises to over 1000 m. in the south while it hardly exceeds 500 m. in the north. The rivers of this region have mostly reached their base level of erosion which have carved wide valleys in various regions of considemble importance. This region has been divided into 12 (meso) sub-regions and 33 micro divisions.

3:1 Semi-Arid Rajasthan :

This portion of Rajasthan is marked with intervening valleys where the soils are red, yellow and mixed red-black in character. The regional characteristics of this region are different from those of the arid zone of the Rajasthan (2.3). The annual rain fall here varies from 35 to 45 cm. Besides, the vegetation is partly developed overthe hills and slopes which mostly belong to semi-arid type; while the arid plains are infested with thorny scrub and bushy vegetation. This region has further been divided into three divisions:

3.1.1 Aravalli Range and the Associated Uplands 3.1.2 Semi-Arid Uplands of Eastern Rajasthan 3.1.3 Banas-Chambal Basin

3.~: Uttar Pradesh Uplands :

Uttar Pradesh Uplands represent well defined zone of Vindhyan System in the south. The average elevation is 500-600 m. and slope towards the plain in the north. The divisions made in this meso region are:

3.2.1 Jhansi Uplands 3.2.2 Mirzapur Uplands

Jhansi Uplands are comparatively dry while the Mirzapur Uplands are wet.

3.3 Bihar-West Bengal Uplands :

Bihar-West Bengal Uplands region is one of the most interesting regions for the studies in geomorphology and cultural geography. The whole region belongs to the unclassified crystalline rocks. The elevation of the Bihar Highlands known as Chotanagpur Plateau, ~s in the range of 300-900 m. which is oftl:!n high above 900 m, at places in the form of rounded hills. Soils in this region are mainly red

9

3.7 Northern Maharashtra :

The Northern Maharashtra represents the major soil regions developed over 'Deccan Flows'. In this region average annual rainfall ranges between 40 and 80 cm. The altitudinal characterist~cs are quite prc,nounced and hence the delineation of above regions is based on the 'Valleys and divides' concept of ore'graphy ofthe region. It has been further divided into following two divisions:

3.7.1 Tapti-Puma Valley 3.7.2 Wardha-Penganga-Wainganga Plain

3.8 Maharashtra Plateau : This meso region in general, has an altitude ranging between 300 and 900 m. and extends over ba!;alts. Some high ranges like Ajanta range, Harischandra range, Mahadeo range and Balaghat range bre,ak the monotony and thus form a mosaic of plat~au with protruded h~lIs. Annual rainfall in general, varies between 80 and 100 cm. except in the central region of Maharashtra Plateall which generally gets less than 80 cm. rainfall. Forest cover, in general, is sparse and at places dense which is of dry deciduous type. Consequently two divisions have been made in this region, viz.,

3.8.1 Eastern Plateau 3.8.2 Western Plateau with Protruded Hills

3.g, Karnataka Plateau :

The Karnati:tka Plateau is a well defined p,lateau region of the Deccan over the unclassified crystalline rocks in general, the northern portion is having an elevation of about 300 m. with a westward slope, while the southern portion is high (over 900m.) and slopes towards the southeast. Tungabhadra river cuts it into two regiions. Average annual rainfall is around 80 em. in major parts of this region. Soils in the northern Kamataka are black, while in the south these are mostly laterite, red sandy and red loamy. Forests are dense only in Ma Inad bordering Sahyadri where the main elevation reaches 1000 m. with hE~avy rainfall of 150 cm. per annum. Three divisions made on the above considerations in the region are:

3.9.1 Northern Karnataka Plateau 3.9.2 Central Karnataka Plateau 3.9.3 Southern Kamataka Plateau

3.10 Tamil Nadu Uplands:

This region is the southern extension of unclassified crystalline rocks of Cambrian period and is rna rked with fairly wide valley of Cauvery and its tributaries. In general, the elevation is over 900 m. in the west due to southern Sahyadri and Nilgiri Hills. The western and the eastern flanks get an annual rainfall. of about 80-200 em. but the central part of the uplands is almost dry. Due to comparatively high rainfall the hilly areas are forested.On the basis of elevation two divisions have been carved out which are:

3.10.1 Eastern Flanks of Sahyadri 3.10.2 Tamil Nadu Uplands

11 3.1'1 Andhra Plateau:

Andhra Plateau is another well-defined plateau region overthe Archaean gneissic rock of Southern Indi a which is drained mostly by Godavari, Krishna and Penner river systems. Over the western margins, the soils are mostly medium black with intruSion of deep black soils in Krishna valley. The rest of the region is Gharacterised by red sandy soils. The average annual rainfall is below 80 cm. in this region.The region is covered with deciduous forests. On the basis of elevation and other considerations, the region has beEtn divided into four divisions and identified as :

3.11.1 Godavari Depressions 3.11.2 Telangana Plateau 3.11.3 Krishna Piedmont Plain 3.11.4 Rayalaseema

3.12 Orissa Highlands :

The Orissa Highlands region is comprised of the north-eastern extension of unclassified crystalline rocks of the Deccan Plateau. Here the topography is rugged and elevation is about 1,200 m. in Koraput Plateau. The and Brahmani rivers have carved out well defined valleys. Soils of the region are mostly red and sandy interspersed with red and yellow soils in some areas. The western portion of the re~lion consists of deep valleys wi1h spurs. In general, the southern portion is much more dissected and hi~,herthan the northern, where the range of elevation is between 300 and 900 m. Average annual rainfall of thEI region is between 200 and 300 cm. The region has been divided into two well marked divisions according to elevation, viz.

3.12.1 Northern Orissa Highlands 3.12.2 Southern Orissa Highlands (Orissa Dandakaranya)

4. THE COASTAL PLAINS AND ISLANDS :

Geologically the Coastal Plains adjacent to the Peninsular region are mere 'Shore Facies' of the Deccan Trap. The region has attained a definite regional approach for classifiGation on account of coastal alluvium characteristics hemmed in between the Sahyadri and Arabian sea in the west and the and in the east. The rainfall varie~ in the sections which is high (above 300 cm.) in the Western Coastal Region and low (100 cm.) in the Eastern Coastal Region. The Coastal Plain has been sub­ divided into 4 (meso) sub-regions and 20 micro divisions.

4.1 Gujarat Coastal Plain :

This region represents almost the whole of Gujarat state. This region is composed of 'Deccan Flows' and coastal Tertiary depOSits. Gujarat Plain is drained by Sabarmati and Mahi rivers. Eastern Hilly RI~gion is comprised of Panch Mahals and the Dang~ districts. Kathiawar Peninsula is partly rocky having an elevation of above 75 m. Radial drainage is the chief characteristic feature of this zone.

12 Kachchh Peninsula solely corresponds with Kachchh district. The chief characteristic feature of the re~llon is the sandy plain with isolated rocky hills. All these regions may typically be said as semi-arid while th~1 Kachchh Peninsula Is arid. The above mentioned four regions are as fOllows:

4.1.1 GuJarat Plain 4.1.2 Eastern Hilly Region 4.1.3 Kathiawar Peninsula 4.1.4 Kachchh Peninsula

4.2: Western Coastal Region :

The Western Coastal Region lies Just bordering the Sahyadri (the Western Ghats). The width of the re~llon Is often very narrow in Karnataka Coastal Region which broadens further south in Kerala. Rainfall Is: quite heavy over 300 cm. per annum. Six divisions have been demarcated in this region which cover portions of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Mahe district of Pondicherry and South Goa and North Goa districts of Goa. The six divisions are:

4.2.1 Maharashtra Littoral 4.2.2 Goa Coast 4.2.3 Karnataka Coast 4.2.4 North Kerala Coast 4.2.5 Central Kerala Coast 4.2.6 South Kerala Coast

4.3: Eastern Coastal Region:

The Eastern Coastal Region can be distinguished from the Western Coast because the basic geographical factors of these two regions vary to a great extent. The 100 em. isohyetalline separates the ea!;tern and western coastal areas at the district level at Kanniyakumari. The Eastern Coastal Region is wide and the soils differ appreciably within this region. The big rivers c~rve out broader valleys or deltas which give further help in establishing the division in the Eastern Coastal Region. The Eastern Ghats are broken as they do not run as continuous geographical barrier. The region has been divided into 8 divisions viz.

4.3.1 Kanniyakumari Coast 4.3.2 Sandy Littoral 4.3.3 Coromandel Coast 4.3.4 Southern Andhra Coastal Plain 4.3.5 Krishna Delta 4.3.6 Godavari Delta 4.3.7 Northern Andhra Coastal Plain 4.3.8 Mahanadi Delta

13 4.4 The Islands :

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal and lakshadweep In the Arabian Sea vary between themselves in geographical location as well as in human geography and form two micro regions.

4.4.1 The Andaman and Nlcobar Islands are composed of more th~n 300 named dnd unnamed Islands. Out of them 33 major islands are inhabited, while the remaining Islands are uninhabited. GeologlcaliV. sandstone and shales of Eocene period predominate. Due to hot and humid climate, salls are lateritic and detlenerated with luxuriant growth of vegetation cover. Coral formation is the chief characteristics of the islE/nds and so the group of Islands forms a definite entity of a region on these considerations.

4.4.2 The Lakshadweep islands have developed very near to the continental shelf of the Indian canst. The total number of Islands is 27 of which 10 are inhabited and the remaining 17 uninhabited.

These two present a peculiar geographical environment. ecology and cultural zone of India.

14 MAP 1 ",0 ,A)

16 J INDIA PHYSIO·GEOGRAPHIC ZONES

BOUIlCel \'. ,1I,er:ldliolial , :lc',ndary, ilcl,ndary,

KILOMEmf::l I~O ')0 0 100 '~08 :iOO 400 :'00 ttl: l r------4

'J' 'wi

\..., ...... ~ ...... /

h... r .""'DAMAN ,\

)AD " AND"

G'eIIltr BA Y o F

BEN GAL

~ame of Districts ARABIAN m,E / DISTRlcr Kh i

RECIONS (lI~CRO.L, ._. St:B - R~GIO'6 (~ESO) D!VIS":ONS(W]('RO) SEA 4.4.1 '/ '.'"-t NACRO RJl:IONS J -t " U.2 " D Tll[HORTH!RliOLNTAIHS

D TllEGREATPLAIHS \ ", D THED£CCAN~I.\1lAU B 0

".J. SRI 11IEIlIISmPLAINSANDISUNOO F'i,Iluresin Redcaiour ill the map IIIdiL'Ule lhe :st:(juence 01 D RegIOnal Dhlsions with reference to the a.l India map codes upto :J tier LANKA U - Dilla not available, I\DIR,\ PDI\T 0 Where the boundaries or RegionDI Divisions Me co- terminus wlLh those of thp <:tates/UTs and distri('l~,thf' fOrmf'f art" (ln ly show n N D A N o c E A N

72 0 L'\~l' Of' CHLl\~ICH

Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of the Surveyor Generat of India, ©Government of India, copyright 2001, The territorial waters of India extend into the sea 10 a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line, The interstale boundaries between Arunachal Pradesh , Assam and Meghalaya shown on Ihis map are as interpreted from the North-Easlern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971 but have yet to be venfled,

PHYSIO-GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS OF INDIA (REGIONAL DIVISIONS)

Renions with Sub-Regions Divisions with State/Union Code No. with Code No. Code No. Districts Territory (Macro) (Meso) (Micro)

(1) (2) (3) - (4) (5)

The Northern Jammu & Ladakh Ladakh & Kargil Jammu & Kashmir Mountains Kashmir [1.1.1] [1 ] Himalaya Kashmir Valley Anantnag (K.S.), Jammu & Kashmir [1.1 J [1.1.21 Baramula (K.N.), Pulwama, 8adgam, Kupwara and Srinagar.

Jammu Dada, Jammu, Kathua, Jammu & Kashmir [1.1.3] Punch, Rajauri and Udhampur

Himachal Northern Himachal Chamba Himachal Pradesh Pradesh Pradesh Himalaya . [1.2.1] [1.2]

Trans Himalayan Kinnaur and Himachal Pradesh Zone Lahul & Spiti [1.2.2]

Central Himachal Kangra, Kullu, Una, Himachal Pradesh Pradesh Hamirpur and Mandi [1.2.3]

Southern Himachal Bilaspur, Solan, Shimla Himachal Pradesh Pradesh and Sirmaur [1.2.4]

Uttar Pradesh Kumaon Chamoli, Pithoragarh Uttar Pradesh Himalaya Himalaya-North and Uttarkashi [1.3] [1.3.1)

Western Kumaon Dehra Dun, Garhwal Uttar Pradesh Himalaya, Siwalik and Tehri Garhwal & Doons [1.3.2)

Kumaon Atmora and Nainital Uttar Pradesh Himalaya-East [1.3.3)

17 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

North-Eastern Sikkim Himalaya North District, Sikkim Himalaya [1.4.1] West District, South [1.4] District and East District

Darjiling Himalaya Darjiling and Jalpaiguri West Bengal including Duars [1.4.2]

Western Tawang, West Kameng, Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh East Kameng, Lower Himalaya Subansiri, Upper Subansiri, [1.4.3] West Siang and East Siang Eastern Arunachal Dibang Valley, Lohit, Arunachal Pradesh Pradesh Himalaya Changlang and Tirap [1.4.4]

Eastern Hill Nagaland Hills Kohima, Mokokchung, Nagaland Zone [1.5.1] Mon, Wokha, Zunheboto, [1.5} Phek and Tuensang Manipur Hills Ukhrul, Senapati, Manipur [1.5.2] Tamenglong, Pocket of Imphal,Churachandpur and Chandel I mphal Valley Imphal, Bishnupur Manipur [1.5.3] and Thoubal Mizo Hill Zone Aizawl, Lunglei and Mizoram [1.5.4] Chhimtuipui Tripura Plain South Tripura and Tripura [1.5.5] West Tripura Tripura Hills NorthTripura Tripura [1.5.6J Cachar Plain Cachar, Hailakandi and Assam [1.5.71 Karimganj Karbi Anglong & Karbi Anglong and Assam North eachar Hills North eachar Hills [1.5.8] Eastern Meghalaya West Khasi Hills, East Meghalaya [1.5.9] Khasi Hills and Jaintia Hills Western Meghalaya West Garo Hills and Meghalaya [1.5.10] East Garo Hills

The Great Punjab Plain Ravi-Beas Amritsar and Gurdaspur Punjab Plains [2.1] Interfluvial Plain [2J [2.1.1J

18 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Hoshiarpur- Chandigarh, Hoshiarpur Chandigarh U.T. Chandigarh Sub- and Rupnagar and Punjab Montane Plain [2.1.2]

Beas-SaUuj Doab Jalandhar and Punjab [2.1.3] Kapurthala

Punjab-Malwa Bathinda, Firozpur, Punjab Plain Ludhiana, Patiala, [2.1.4] Sangrur and Faridkot

Haryana Plain Eastern Haryana Ambala, Yamunanagar, Haryana [2.2] Plain Kurukshetra, Kaithal, [2.2.1] Jind, Kamal, Rohtak. Panipat and Sonipat

Western Haryana Hisar, Sirsa and Haryana Plain Bhiwani [2.2.2]

Southern Haryana Delhi, Gurgaon, Delhi U.T. and Plain Mahendragarh, Rewari Haryana [2.2.3] and Faridabad

Arid Rajasthan Ghaggar Plain Ganganagar Rajasthan Plain 12.3.1] [2.3J

Rajasthan Bagar Churu, Jhunjhunun, Rajasthan [2.3.2] Nagaur and Sikar

Extremely Arid Bikaner and JaisalmElr Rajasthan Tract [2.3.3}

Luni Valley Barmer, Jalor, Jodhpur Rajasthan [2.3.4] and Pali

Upper Ganga Northern Upper Bijnor, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh Plain Ganga Plain Meerut, Moradabad, [2.4] [2.4.1] Muzaffarnagar, Rampur, Saharanpur and Hardwar

Southern Upper Aligarh, Agra, Firozabad, Uttar Pradesh Ganga Plain Bareilly, Budaun, [2.4.2] Bulandshahr, Etah, Etawah, Farrukhabad, Kheri, Mainpuri, Mathura, Pilibhit and Shahjahanpur

19 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Middle Ganga Middle Ganga Allahabad, Bahraich, Uttar Pradesh Plain Plain-West Bara Banki, Faizabad, [2.5] [2.5.1] Fatehpur, Gonda, Hardoi, Kanpur Dehat, Kanpur Nagar, Lucknow, Pratapgarh, Rae Bareli, Sitapur, Sultan pur and Unnao

Middle Ganga Azamgarh, Ballia, Mau, Uttar Pradesh Plain-East Siddharthnagar, Basti, [2.5.2] Deoria, Gorakhpur, Maharajganj, Varanasi, Jaunpur and Ghazipur

Lower Ganga North Bihar Plain Pashchim Champarall, Bihar Plain [2.6.1] Purba Champaran, [2.6] Darbhanga, Muzaffarpur, , Madhepura, Saharsa, Araria, Kishanganj, Saran, Sitamarhi, Begusarai, Madhubani, Katihar, Samastipur, Vaishali, Siwan and Gopalganj

South Bihar Plain Bhagalpur, Gaya, Mun!Jer, Bihar [2.6.2) Khagaria, Patna, Bhojpur, Nalanda, Jehanabad, Nawada, Rohtas and Aurangabad

Barind Tract Koch Bihar, Maldah Bind West Bengal [2.6.3] West Dinajpur Moriband Delta Murshidabad and Nadia West Bengal [2.6.4] Proper Delta Barddhaman, Calcutta, West Bengal [2.6.5] Hugli, Haora, North Twenty Four Parganas and South Twenty Four Parganas

Rarh Plain Bankura, Birbhum and West Bengal [2,6.6] Medinipur Brahmaputra Western Kokrajhar, Barpeta, Assam Valley Brahmaputra Kamrup, Bongaigaon, [2.7] Valley Nalbari, Goalpara ancl [2.7.1] Dhubri

20 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Central Darrang, Sonitpur, Assam l?ra~maputra Nagaon and Marigaon ~~ ~ ;'1 ....;. ., V~lley , ~ [2.7.2]

Eilstern Lakhimpur, Dhemaji, Assam .!,.~ ~rahmaputra n'nsuRia, Sibsag'a'r, Valley Dibrugam,·Jorhat and [2.7.31 Golaghat The Deccan Semi-Arid Aravalli Range and Ajmer, Alwar, Banswara, Rajasthan Plateau Rajasthan The Associated Ch.ittaurgarh (Part), [3] [3.1 J Uplands Dungarpur, [3.1.11 Jaipur, Sirohi and Udaipur

Semi-Arid Uplands Bhilwara, Bundi, Kota, Rajasthan of Eastern Jhalawar, Tonk and Rajasthan pocket of Chittaurgarh (3.1.2]

Banas-Chambal Bharatpur, Dhaulpur ~md Rajastnan Basin Sawai Madhopur [3.1.3] Uttar Pradesh Jhansi Uplands Banda, Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh Uplands [3.2.1 ] J~lalm, Lalitpur [3.2] and Jhansi Mirzapur Uplands Mirzapur and Sonbhadra Uttar Pradesh [3.2,2]

Bihar-West Ranchi Plateau Palamu, Ranchi, Gumla Bihar Bengal Uplands [3.3.1] and Lohardaga [3.31 Hazaribag Plateau Dhanbad, Hazaribag, Bihar [3.3.2] Giridih, Dumka, Deo~lhar, Godda and Sahibganj

Puruliya Uplands Puruliya West Bengal [3.3.3] Singhbhum Plateau Pashchimi Singhbhurn Bihar .- (3.3.4] and Purbi Singhbhum

Northern Northern Madhya Bhind, Datia, Guna, Madhya Pradest Madhya Pradesh Ravine Gwalior, Morena and Pradesh Uplands-West Shivpuri Uplands (3.4.1 ] [3.4]

21 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Northern Madhya Chhatarpur, Panna and Madhya Pradesh Pradesh Uplands- Tikamgarh Central [3.4.2]

Northern Madhya Rewa, Satna, Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh Pradesh Uplands· Sidhi and Surguja East [3.4.3]

Central Sagar Plateau Damoh, Sagar Madhya Pradesh Madhya [3.5.1) and Vidisha Pradesh Plateau [3.5]

Bhopal Plateau Dewas, Indore, Raisen, Madhya Pradesh [3.5.2] Bhopal and Sehore

Ratlam Plateau Dhar, Jhabua, Mands8ur, Madhya Pradesh [3.5.3] Ratlam, Rajgarh, Shajapur and Ujjain

Southern Narmada Region Balaghat, Betul, Madhya Pradesh Madhya including Flanks of Chhindwara, Hoshangabad. Pradesh Vindhya and Jabalpur, West Nimar, Uplands Satpura East Nimar, Mandla, [3.61 [3.6.1] Narsimhapur and Seoni Mahanadi Basin Bilaspur, Durg, Raigarh, Madhya Pradesh [3.6.2} Raj Nandgaon and Raipur

Madhya Pradesh Bastar Madhya Pradesh Dandakaranya [3.6.3}

Northern Tapti·Puma Amravati. Akola. Buldana, Maharashtra Maharashtra Valley Dhule and Jalgaon [3.7] [3.7.1]

Wardha Penganga Bhandara, Chandra pur, Maharashtra Wainganga Plain Gadchiroli, Nagpur, [3.7.2] Wardha and Yavatmal

Maharashtra Eastern Plateau Aurangabad, Jalna, Latur, Maharashtra Plateau [3.8.1) Bid, Kolhapur, Nanded. [3.8] Osmanabad, Parbhani. Sangli and Solapur

22 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Western Plateau Ahmadnagar, Nashik, Maharashtra with protruded Pune and Satara Hills [3.8.2]

Karnataka Northern Belgaum, Bidar, Bijapur Karnataka Plateau Karnataka Plateau and Gulbarga [3.9] [3.9.1]

Central Karnataka Bellary, Chikmagalur, Karnataka Plateau Raichur, Chitradurga, [3.9.2] Dharwad, Shimoga and pocket of Tumkur

Southern Bangalore Rural, Kamataka Karnataka Plateau Bangalore Urban, Kodagu, [3.9.3] Hassan, Kolar, Mandya, Mysore and Tumkur (part)

Tamil Nadu Eastern Flanks of Coimbatore, Madurai, Tamil Nadu Uplands Sahyadri Nilgiri, Dindigul-Anna [3.10] [3.10.1 ] and Periyar

Tamil Nadu Tiruvannamalai TamH Nadu Uplands Sambuvarayar, [3.10.2] North Areot Ambedkar, Dharmapuri and Salem

Andhra Godavari Karimnagar, Khammam Andhra Pradesh Plateau Depression and Warangal [3.11 ] [3.11.1]

Telangana Plateau Adilabad, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh [3.11.2] Medak, Mahbubnagar, Nizamabad and Rangareddi

Krishna Piedmont Nalg~nda Andhra Pradesh Plain [3.11.3)

Rayalaseema Anantapur. Chitto or, Andhra Pradesh [3.11.4] Cuddapah and KumoClI

23 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Orissa Northern Orissa Dhenkanal. Kendujhar. Orissa Highlands Highlands Mayurbhanj. Sambalpur (3.12] [3.12.1] and Sundargarh

Southern Orissa Phulabani. Balangir, Orissa Highlands (Orissa Ganjam, Kalahandi Dandakaranya) and Koraput [3.12.2]

Th4~ Coastal Gujarat Region Gujarat Plain Ahmadabad, Bharuch. Gujarat. Plains and [4.1 ] [4.1.1) Banas Kantha. Dadra & Nagar Islands Gandhinagar. Kheda. Haveli U.T. and [4] Mahesana, Sa bar Kantha, Daman & Surat, Vadodara, Valsad. DiuU.T. Daman and Dadra & Nagar Haveli

Eastern Hilly Panch Mahals and Gujarat Region The Dangs [4.1.2]

Kathiawar Amreli. Bhavnagar, Gujarat and· Peninsula Jamnagar, Junagadh, Daman & Diu U.T. [4.1.3] Surendranagar, Rajkot and Diu

Kachchh Peninsula Kachchh Gujarat [4.1.4]

Western Maharashtra Greater Bombay, Maharashtra Coastal Region Littoral Raigarh. Ratnagiri, [4.2] [4.2.1] Sindh~durg and Thane

Goa Coast North Goa and Goa [4.2.2] South Goa

Karnataka Coast Uttara Kannada and Karnataka [4.2.3] Dakshina Kannada

North Kerala Coast Kasaragod, Kannur, Kerala and [4.2.4] Kozhikode, Wayanad Pondicherry U.T. and Mahe

Central Kerala Emakulam, Kottayam, Kerala Coast Idukki, Malappuram. [4.2.5] Palakkad and Thrissur

24 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

South Kerata Coast Alappuzha, Kerata [4.2.6] Pathanamlhitta, Thiruvananlhapuram and Kallam

Eastern Kanniyakumari Kanniyakumari Tamil Nadu Coastal Region Coast [4.31 [4.3.1]

Sandy Littoral Pasumpon Muthu Tamil Nadu [4.3.2] Ramalinga Thevar, Ramanathapuram, Kamarajar, Chidambaranar and Tirunelveli Kattabomman

Coromandel Coast Chengalpattu M.G.R.. Tamil Nadu . [4.3.3] Madras, Thanjavur, Tiruchirappalli, South Areot, Pudukkottai, Karaikal and Pondicherry Pondicherry U.T.

Southern Andhra Nellore and Prakasam Andhra Pradesh Coastal Plain [4.3.4]

Krishna Delta Guntur and Krishna Andhra Pradesh [4.3.5]

Godavari Delta East Godavari, West Andhra Pradesh and [4.3.6) Godavari and Yanam Pondicherry U.T.

Northern Andhra Srikakutam, Vizianagaram Andhra Pradesh Coastal Plain and Visakhapalnam [4.3.7)

Mahanadi Delta Baleshwar, Cuttack Orissa [4.3.8] and Puri

The Islands Andaman and Andamans and Nicobars Andaman and [4.4] Nicobar Islands Nicobar Islands U.T. [4.4.11

Lakshadweep Lakshadweep Lakshadweep U.T. [4.4.2]

25

PART-II REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF . WEST BENGAL

REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF WEST BENGAL

The State of West Bengal was carved out of the erstwhile Bengal Province and came into existence with the banner of independence on August 15, 1947, under the Indian Union. The State is lying in between geo-coordinates of 21° 25' 02" and 27° 13' 15" North latitudes and 85° 49' 20· and 89D 53' 04" East longitudes. It has an area of 88, 752.00 Km2 inhabited by 68,077,965 persons according to 1991 Census.

The State is bounded on the north by the kingdom of and Sikkim, on the South by the Bay of Bengal, on the east by the neighbouring country of and the Dhubri and Kokrajhar districts of Assam and on the west by the kingdom of and the districts of Kishanganj, Sahibganj, Dumka, Pumia, Katihar, Dhanbad, Giridih, Hajaribag, Ranchi, Pubri and Paschimi Singbhum of Bihar and the Mayurbhanj and Baleshwar districts of Orissa.

In considering about the nature of general surface configuration, relief and drainage pattern, distJibution of different types of soil, climatic condition, the formation of geology and forest tracts, the State can broadly be divided into 6 (six) Micro Re.gions and then further divided into 62 (sixty two) Sub­ Micro Regions (Fourth Tier Region) as mentioned below:-

1.4.2 - Dargiling Himalayas including Duars covf:ring districts of Jalpaiguri and Darjiling. 2.6.3 - Barind Track covering districts of Koch Bihar, West Dinajpur and Maldah. 2.6.4 - Moriband Delta covering districts of Mumhidabad and Nadia. 2.6.5 - Proper Delta covering districts of North Twentyfour Parganas, South Th'entyfour Parganas, Calcutta, Haora, Hugli and Barddhaman. 2.6.6 - Rarh plain covering districts of MedinipUI, Bankura and Birbhum. 3.3.3 - Puruliya uplands covering district of Puruliya in the West.

The Darjiling Himalaya region covering the districts of Jalpaiguri and Darjiling rises from the plains of to attain great heights. High terrain with steep slopes, prevailing heavy rains ranging from 3000 to 3500 m.m. and torrential streams cause soil erosion and landslides in the region during the rainy season. The important rivers namely Tista, Jaldhaka, Torsa, R21idak and Sankosh flow from north to south and they drain this area.

The region presents a luxuriant nature of Tropical and Sub-tropical forests, growing Sal, Oak and evergreen shrub abundantly. The Alpine trees of wet or moist temperature forests are growing in the higher altitudes of Darjiling hills. In the fertile areas of river beds, different types of tall grasses, reeds and scattered trees are seen growing in Jalpaiguri. Many forests tracts of this hilly areas appear deforested by conlinuous felling and burning of trees to find more areas for cultivation and settlement during the decade.

Keeping in view of the geology of the region varies fnn Archaean to pleistocene - Sub Recent and Recent containing granite, gneiss, sandstones, shales, boulders and pabbles. The tracts are composed of allu vial soil consisting of sand, silt and clay. The soils are brwn and yellowish in colour and suitable for growing of tea. The plantation of tea in Darjiling was laid early in 1850 and it still accounts for bulk production of high quality tea in the country. The important crops such as , jute and tqbacco are also grown in the region but in less quantity because of limited cultivable land.

The Barind Tract is flat and alluvial soils composed of sand, clay and silt and generally brown and black brown (red) in colour. The terrace of older quasi-lateritic alluvium (red clay) lies to the east of which is in pari ace of Geological terminology is called Barind and this formatin is known as Harind Tract.

The region slopes down towards the south··eastern directin along which the main rivers flow down the undulating surface. The low areas are covered by floods during the rainy season. The rivers of Tista, Jaldhaka, Mahananda, Gamari, Srimati, Tangan and pumabhabha are very important rivers which drain 29 the region. TIle tract still presents tall grasses, reed jungles and degraded forests which have been depleted by the inhabitants for their settlement and extension of area for cultivation. The main crops are paddy, jute, tobacco, wheat and oilseeds.

Moriband Delta cov~rs mainly the districts ofMurshidabad and Nadia. The Bhagirathi river which enters in the state from beyond Hills divided the district of Murshidabad almost in the middle. On the right bank of the Bhagirathi, the land contains the type of old alluvium Le., red soil. The western tract of the district is drained by the streams of Mayurakshi and which flow down from the uplands of the region. Whereas, the eastern tract is characterised by the meanders of forming a criss-crossed feature. In the region it can be seen that a small portion of Nadia also falls on the right bank of Bhagirathi river. The Jalangi, the Churni, the Bhairab, the Ichhamati and the Mathabhanga are all important rivers that traverse the region. The region is charracterised by the pond like water bodies formed by the, back water of those rivers when the Bhagirathi over flows I is flooded. The tract is com;isting of many old river beds which are inundated and silted during the rainy season.

The soils of this region are red and yellowish brown in colour which contain sand, clay and silt deposits. The tract is very fertile and more suitable for cultivation. The important crops are mainly paddy, wheat, jute and . They can grow easily and extensively in these soils.

The districts of North Twentyfour Pargana~, South Twentyfour Parganas induding Calcutta, Haora, Hugli and Barddhaman form the proper Delta. In view of landforms, the region is mostly flat and low lying area but has a small upland tract in the north-eastern side of Barddhaman district. There are many swamps mostly Salt water Lake (Dhapa) areas out letting towards south-east. The Damodar, the Barakar and the Ajoy rivers are flowing in the western side as main drains of Barddhaman district. Whereas the soulh-eastern part is traversed by the Bidyadhari, Karatoya (Karati) and the Atharbanka rivers. In the waste land areas grasses, weeds and clumps of bamboos on the banks of the river are growing.

The south-eastern margins of Haora and the mouth of Rupnarayan are still active delta which is spreading along the coast line ofMedinipur. The central part is a low lying area with swamps and embank­ mernts, where the human settlements are concentrated. The Western part of the region is formed by the interactions of the Damodar and Hugli rivers. Some of the former channels of Damodar become ineffec­ tive because of silting and shifting of the rivers. The area is gradually sloping towards south-east. As a result the Damodar, the Saraswati and the Dwarakeshwar rivers flow down and then joined the Hugli river. The entire Hugli basin is a alluvial flat land and the Hugli is navigible by ship regularly throughout the year up to Calcutta. During the dry season, navigation however becomes difficult due to the fall in watl~r lavel of the Hugli.

The soils of the region are sandy clay and silt and sandy loam. In this area many types of veg­ etables, fruits, pulses, and date palms are found growing abundantly. All the big cities and other important urban centres are located here. The region has relatively high density of population and is more pro~;perous.

The Sunderbans is situated in the south-eastern part of South Twentyfour Parganas. It covers the areas of Basanti, Kultali, Mathurapur, Pathar Pratima, Namkhana and Gosaba. The delta is characterised by a network of tidal channels, river creeks and islands. On the tide-washed where mud and silts are accumulated. The growth of dense mangrove forest is a peculiar deltaic characterised. Fresh-water swamps are found in badly drained clayey depressions. The land seems to be submarging gradually towards the sea and is characterised as a partly submerged and partly erode landmass broken up by swamps and intersected by river channels. The main estuaries of the sea are the Saptamukhi, the Thakuran, the Matla, the Guasaba and the Raimangal. The ,estuaries are separated by the se~v.erallarge islands such as Lothian Island, Bulcherry Is 1and, Ho lliday Is 1and, Dalhousie Is~and and Bangaduni Island. This land formation is quite different from other regions of the state by the presence of half water condition and drifting into the sea imperceptibly.

30 The region has alluvial soils with clay and silt, sandy loam carried by the river and streams. The soils are saline in nature due to the brakish water of the sea in the . The cultivation of this area is largely depending upon the rain waters by keepi ng out the sea water with the help of embankments and the ~Lfea is not conducive to the human settlement~. due to its low lying nature and liable to be submerged and so large embankments are built up. As a result from such circumstances the settlements are sparsely distributed in this area.

Birbhum, Bankura and Medinipur districts form the Rarh plain. The region, mainly the north­ western part is characterised by the undulating upland which is formed by the gradual descent from the Chotanagpur plateau. In Medinipur district, the land is mainly plain, but the northern and western paris are full of undulations and infested with forest areas. The main rivers of this district are Rupanarayan, Kangsabati or Kasai and Subarnarekha. The Kasai joins the Kalighai in and form the Haldia ri ver. Whereas the Dwarakeswar is joined by the Si 1ai at in Medinipur. Whereas along the north­ wesl:ern boundary, the ridges extended from the Rajmahal hills rises from 80 to 1000 metres above the sea level. The land slopes towards the north, north-east and south and which is drained by the rivers of Pag La, Bansloi, Brahmani, Dwarka, Mayurakshi and Bakreswar. Simililarly, in Bankura, the north­ wesl:ern areas possess an undulating terrain with some hill spurs and ridges. The (452 metres) and (440 metres) are important peaks. The land is drained by the rivers of Dwarakeswar (Dha.lkiswar), Silai (Silabati) and Kasai flowing from north-west to south-east.

The region has laterite soils which are transported and derived from the hills of Chotanagpur plateau. The soils are red and black or brown in colour. The low hills and other ridges are covered by mix,ed forests, Sal and Mahua trees. The low land and plain areas have alluvial soils containing sand, gravel, clay and silt. They are more suitable for cultivation of rice, tobacco, wheat, Barley, Maize, Pulses, Sugarcane and Potatoes. In coastal areas of Medinipur, the mode of soil formation is different from the other regions. In this area water melon and trees are grown. Scrub jungles and other mixed forests cover the low hills and other ridges.

The Puruliya Upland is an extension of Chotanagpur plateau which comprises four prominent hills stretching in different directions namely the Bagmundi Hills, Jaridih Sandstone HiUs or upper Kasai Basin, Pau:het Hills (Damodar Dwarakeshwar Upland) and Manbazar Hills or Upland. In the region, the Dwarakeshwar and Kasai are the two main rivers and are flowing towards the east. The Bagmundi Hills lying in the west, are very steep and eroded by the streams. Whereas the Ayodha range forms the main highland with Gorabura (725 metres approx.) and Karma (645 metres approx.) pl~akS in the region. This Upl and is traversed by Kasai and Subarnarekha rivers respectively. The Bhandari (473 metres approx.) is the highest peak of the Dalma range which is drained by many streams on its northern slopes into the Kumari river. The central portion of the Upland is covered by the Jaridih Sandstone Hills or Upper Kasai Basin. Whereas the north-eastern part of the district is covered by the Panchet Hills. The Pas:,es through Panchet Hills and marks the northern boundary of this area. The Damodar and the Dwarakeswar are the two important rivers flowing in this region.

The soils are sandy, red loamy and alluvial. In the lower parts of the region the alluvial soils are found. Cultivation is very difficult in the highland areas because of unavailability ofirrigation facilities and ermiion of soils. The main crops of this area are Paddy, maize, oil-seeds, pulses and groundnut. In the fore,st of this region Sal, Teak, Mahua and Banyan are found growing.

In view of climate, the State is largely depending upon the influence of monsoon. The Norwesters (Kalbisakhis of West Bengal) originate over the Chotanagpur plateau which involving strong convectional movements, often associated with the divergen Westerly disturbances in the upper troposphere, cause some precipitation. The rainfall is widely spread in the State. The South-West monsoon currents from the Arabian sea and the Bay of Bengal cause heavy rains in the summer months from June to September with squally winds, thunder and lightning. The average rainfall in the State is 1800 mm. in a year.

31 Heavy rainfall occurs repeatedly due to the Tropical Cyclones originating in the Bay of Bengal and prove dangerous to life and property. While considering about the rainfall, it may be divided into two regions viz. (i) the Himalayan and Sub-Himalayan North comprising the districts of Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Koc h Bihar and a little northern portion of West Dinajpur and (ii) the other portion of the State comprising the Central Gangetic plains and the western districts which form the eastern fringe of the Chotanagpur Plateau. The Himalayan and Sub-Himalayan regions receive a heavy rainfall of more than 2000 mm. whereas the second region comprising the distriGts of North and South Twenty Four Parganas, Haora, eastern coastal of Medinipur and the southern part of West Dinajpur receive an armual rainfall from 1800 to 2000 mm. The average annual rainfall varies from 1400 to 1600 mm. in Maldah, north-eastern part of Murshidabad, eastern parts of Birbhum and Barddhaman districts and almost in the entire districts of Nadia, Hugli and Medinipur. The districts of Puruliya, north-western Bankura, Barddhaman, Murshidabad and Birbhum have the lowest rainfall which accounts about 1400 mm. only.

The temperature of West Bengal varies from one region to another region due to its differences in nature of topography, spreading of monsoon winds, intensity of forest coverage and presence of water bodies. In the hilly districts of Darjiling, Jalpaiguri and adjoining areas of Koch Bihar i.e. the northern Himalayan and Sub-Himalayan region has the Tropical and Sub-tropical climatic conditions. The region has presented below 24°C and shows a lower and cooler climate throughout the year in the State. Whereas, the north-western parts comprising Puruliya, Bankura, Birbhum etc. have the higher temperature, where the rainfall is scarcely found. This area has recorded temperature more than 25°C. Similarly, the nature of Tro-?ical and moist climate is found in Gangetic plain areas and the south-western parts mainly Medinipur, Parts of Calcutta, Haora, Hugli and Bankura have the temperature more than 26°C. in the State.

In view of natural vegetation, most of the areas of West Bengal were covered probably with Serni­ eve:,green forests in the past. As the State has been fairly well-populated, the natural vegetation has under gone a drastic biotic change. The Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest, Swamp Forest and Tropical Semi­ evergreen Forests are found in the State. In these forest areas Sal, Teak, Sisu, Laurel, Oak, Mangolia, Pine and fir, Maple and Chestnut are grown in plenty. A wide belt of the delta along the sea is covered with tidal forest called Sundarbans. The great Sundarban delta is covered with Sundari (Heritiera minor) tree and other low trees. On the tide-washed coasts where dense mangrove forests are flourishing with pec,.Iliar edaphic adaptations. This vegetation is I;onsidered as an edaphic derivation of the tidal vegeta­ tion.

The State of West Bengal has a total population of 68,077,965 in 1991 Ce:nsus, of which, 49, 370, 364 persons reside in rural areas and 18,707,601 in urban areas. Thus the State is characterised by 72.52 per cent of rural population and 27.48 per cent of urban population. The rural population is unevenly distributed in the State. The high concentration of population is found in lower Gangetic plain areas mainly in the districts of Murshidabad, Nadia, NOlth and South Twentyfour Parganas, Barddhaman, Haora and Hugli. In the State, the physiographic condition plays a vital role in the dis.tribution of population. The: rural population is thickly distributed along the banks of the important rivers namely Tista, Torsa, Jaldhaka, Mahananda, Ajoy, Damodar, Mayurakshi, Rupanarayan, Dwarakeswaretc. in the northern and sou them districts of the State.

The northern hilly areas of J alpaiguri, Darji ling and the western undulated areas ofPuruliya, Bankura and South Twentyfour Parganas have a sparse population. The fringe areas of Calcutta and Asansol, Durgapur belt also exhibits a large concentration of rural population. The urban population is also very unevenly distributed. The highest concentration of urban population in the State is found in Calcutta and the surrounding areas along the banks of river Hugli. The Calcutta urban agglomeration comprises a number of urban centres namely Haora, Uluberia, Hugli, Chinsura, , , Bally, Kalyani, , , Barasat, Kancharapara etc. The total population of this Urban Agglomeration is 11,021,918 which accounts 58.92 per cent of the total urban population of West Bengal. Whereas in the urban areas of the northern districts viz. Darjiling, Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar there are a very thin urban Population.

32 It is also worth to mention that in the State there are 59 Scheduled Castes :md 38 Scheduled Tribes in tile Para pertaining to West Bengal State [Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes orders (Amendment) Act, 1976 (No. 108 of 1976, dated the 18th September, 1961]. According to 1991 Census, the total numerical strength of the Scheduled Castes and SI;:heduled Tribes are 16,080,61: and 3,808,760 respec­ tive:ly, accounting for 23.62 per cent and 5.59 per cent to the total population oftlhe State. The proportion of Scheduled Caste population living in rural and urban areas is 27.56 per cent and 13.23 per cent and that of Scheduled Tribes is 7.32 per cent and 1.05 per cent respectively. It reveals that both scheduled castes and scheduled tribes mainly reside in urban areas and they are also very unevenly distributed in the State. Among the districts Koch Bihar has the highest 51.76 per cent of Scheduled castes and followed by Jalpaiguri (36.99 per cent), South Twentyfour Parganas (34.45 per cent), Bankura (31.37 per cent) and Bir1Jhum (30.68 per cent). While the lowest 6.45 per cent is presented by the district of Calcutta and follDwed by Murshidabad (13.40 per cent), Haora(15.79 percent), Darjiling (16.15 percent) and Medinipur (16.34 per cent). On the other hand, the Scheduled tribes are distributed very sparsely and higher propor­ tions are found in the districts of Jalpaiguri (21.04 per cent), Puruliya (19.23 per cent), Darjiling (13.78 per cent), Bankura (10.34 per cent) and West Dinajpur (9.83 per cent). Likewise, the lower percentages are observed in the districts of Calcutta (0.20 per cent), Haora (0.27 per cent), Koch Bihar (0.61 per cent), South Twentyfour Parganas (1.23 per cent) and Murshidabad (1.30 per cent).

In terms of density of population, the State has recorded 767persons p(~r Km2 in 1991 Census. The, density of popu 1ation is largely influenced by various factors such as productivity of soils, climate, topography, urbanisation, industrial and other factors related to the economic development of the region. Accordingly, the density of population is very uneven in the State. The highest density of pupu lation is 2 recorded by the district of Calcutta (23, 733 persons per Km ) followed by Haora (2.542 persons per Km2), North Twenty Four Parganas (1, 779 persons per Km2) and Hugli (1, 383 persons per Km2). While the lowest is shown in Puruliya (355 persons per Km2) and followed by Bankura (408 persons per Kro2), Darjiling (413 persons per Km2) and Jal paiguri (450 persons per Km2). Similarly, the sex ratio in the State is 917 females per 1000 of males and the higher proportions of females per 1000 of males are found in the districts of Bankura (951), Puruliya (947), Birbhum (946), Medinipur (944) and Murshidabad (943), while the lower proportions are found in the districts of Calcutta (799), Haora (881) and Barddhaman (899). The reason of low sex ratio particularly in ](olkata, Haora and Barddhaman can be attributed to the larger proportion of migrants in the population due to the location of Administrative, commercial and industrial centre in these districts. While considering about the literacy, the person who can both read and write with understanding in any language is treated as literate, out of 68, 077, 968 persons in the State, 56, 515., 668 persons are in age seven years and above of which 32, 609, 397 persons are belong to literates. The literacy rate is 57.70 per cen: for the State as a whole with 50.50 per cent for rural and 75.27 per cent for urban areas. Among the dist riets, the literacy rate is highest in (77.61 per cent) closely followed by Medinipur (69.32 per cem), Haora (67.62 per cent), North Twenty Four Parganas (66.81 per cent) and HugH (66.78 per cent). Simi larly, Maldah (35.62 per cent), Murshidabad (3S.28 per cent), and West Dilnajpur (39.29 per cent) pw:ent very low rates of literacy. In terms of male and female literacy rate, Male (67.S1 percent) is higher thart female (46.56 per cent) in the State. Similarly, among the districts, the male literacy rate is higher than female literacy rate. The male literates are hi ghly concentrated in the districts of Calcutta (81.94 per cem), Medinipur (S1.27 per cent), Haora (76.11 per cent), Hugli (75.77 per cent), North Twenty four Parganas (74.72 per cent) and Barddhaman (71.12 per cent). The lower proportions are shown in Maldah (45.61 per cent), Murshidabad (46.42 percent) and West Dinajpur (49.79 percent). Likewise, the higher proportions of Female literates are mostly found in the districts of Calcutta (72.09 per cent), North Twentyfour Parganas (57.99 per cent), Haora (57.83 per cent), Hugli (56.90 per cent) and Medinipur (56.63 per cent). While the lower proportions are found in Puruliya (23.24 per clent), Maldah (24.92 per cenl) and West Dinajpur (27.87 per cent). The literacy rate, in general, is higher in the industrially devel­ oped and urbanised areas. While considering about the working popUlation, the State has recorded 30.23 per cent of main workers of which 50.66 per cent are males and 7.96 per cent are females. Thus the proportion of mal~ maill workers is higher than the female main workers in the State. Again, the State accounts 2S.40 per 33 cent of workers as culttvators, 24.56 per cent in agricultural labourers and 3.91 per cent in household industry. Likewise, out of the total male main workers 30.15 per cent are cultivators, 22.65 per cent agricultural labourers and 2.84 per cent in household industry. Similarly, the break up of the female main workers in different categories are 16.23 per cer.,t cultivators, 37.88 per cent agricultural labourers and 11.J3 per cent in household industry. In view of (itstricts, Puruliya has the highest percentage of 35.35 and followed by Darjiling 33.71 per cent, Bankura 32.85 per cent, Calcutta 32.84 per cent, West Dinajpur 32.70 per cent, Maldah 31.64 per cent and Jalp~dguri 31.52 per cent. The districts of Koch Bihar and Hugli have the same rate of 30.56 per cent whik~ Medinipur, Birbhum and Murshidabad also have the higher proportions of 30.43 per cent, 30.42 per cent and 30.05 per cent respectively. Whereas the lower rates are presented in South Twentyfour Parganas (26.09 per cent), North Twentyfour Parganas (28.20 per cent), Haora (28.56 per cent), Nadia (28.81 .per cent) and Barddhaman (29.72 per cent) . On the basis of physio-geographic regional plan of the State, Six micro regions viz.(1.4.2) Darjiling Himalayas including Duars, (2.6.3) Barind Tract, (2.6.4) Moriband Delta, (2.6.5) Proper Delta, (2.6.6) Rarh plain and (3.3.3) Puruliya Uplands have been carved out. Further, it has been delineated into 62 (sixty-two) sub-micro regions within the districts. The details of these sub-micro regions are given in Part -III of this volume. This may be very much helpful to the planners and administrators to fonnulate the mu:.ti-Ievel development programme withinthes(! sub-micro regions of the State.

34 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 2

8S' 87'

WEST BENGAL 27' CENSUS CODE 23 REGION AL DIVISIONS « Klns 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 Kills btl I ! I I I a. LlJ

BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL . . _ ._._ « STATE ..

DISTRICT . MACRO REGION ... ____1Iiia

MESO

2S' MICRO SUB-MICRO " . 26'

DISTRICT CODE 1991 (02)

REGIONAL DIVISIONS. 2 6 3

MACRO..

MESO.

MICRO ... SUB-MICRO ~

2~' « 2~'

Q

24' 24'

.J

23' 23'

«

22 22' B BIRBHUM / SO BANGLADESH s K KOCH BIHAR A

BA Y BENGAL

8S' 87' SS' 89' 90'

35

1.4 NORTH EASTERN HIMALAYAS r-'

Micro Regions with District with Code Sub·Micro Regions with Code Number Code Number Number (Fourth Tier RI~gions)

1 2 3

1.4.2 Jalpaiguri 02 1.4.2,1 Tista Plain Darjiling Himalayas 1.4.2.2 Central Duars including Duars 1.4.2.3 Eastern Duars

Darjiling 03 1.4.2.1 DaIjiling Himalayas 1.4.2.2 Range 1.4.2.3 Kalimpong Range 1.4.2.4 Western Duars 1.4.2.5 Mahananda Tract

2.6 Lower Ganga Plains

2.6.3 Koch Bihar 01 2.6.3.1 West Koch Bihar Plain Barind Tract 2.6.3.2 East Koch Bihar Plain

West Dinajpur 04 2.6.3.1 Islarnpur-GoaJ Pokhar Plain 2.6.3.2 Sudhani-Mahananda Gamari Tract 2.6.3.3 Plain

Maldah 05 2.6.3.1 Lower Mahananda Plain 2.6.3.2 Maldah Plain 2.6.3.3 Mahananda-Ganga Interfluve

2.6.4 Murshidabad 06 2.6.4.1 Nabagram Plain Moriband Delta 2.6.4.2 Mayurakshi Dwarka Plain 2.6.4.3 Ganga-Bhagirathi Basin 2.6.4.4 Jalangi Bhagirathi Interfluve 2.6.4.5 Raninagar Plain

Nadia 07 2.6.4.1 Bhagirathi Basin 2.6.4.2 lalangi-Bhagirathi lnterfluve 2.6.4.3 Nadia Plain North 2.6.4.4 Krishnagar-Santipur Plain 2.6.4.5 - Plain

2.6.5 North Twentyfour 2.6.5.1 Ichhamati Raimangal Plain Proper Delta Paraganas 08 2.6.5.2 North Bidyadhari Plain 2.6.5.3 North HugJi Flats

South Twentyfour 2.6.5.1 South HugH Flats Paraganas 09 2.6.5.2 South Bidhyadhari Plain 2.6.5.3 hugli Delta 2.6.5.4 Sundarbans

Calcutta 10 *(included in South Hugli Flats-2.6.S.l)

Haora 11 2.6.5.1 Rupnarayan Damodar Plain 2.6.5.2 Hugli-Damodar Plain 2.6.5.3 HugJi Flats

Hugli 12 2.6.5.1 Dwarakeswar Plain 2.6.5.2 HugH Damodar Plain 2.6.5.3 HugH Flats

Barddhaman 16 2.6.5.1 Ajay Darnodar Barakar Tract 2.6.5.2 Kaksa Ketugram Plain 2.6.5.3 Barddhaman Plain 2.6.5.4 Bhagirathi Basin 2.6.5.5 Khandaghosh Plain

37 r= ______~1 ______~~ __~2~ ____L______~3 ______~

2.6.6. Medinipur 13 2.6.6.1 Silai Plain Rarh Plain 2.6.6.2 Lower Kasai Basin 2.6.6.3 Medinipur Upland 2.6.6.4 Contai Plain 2.6.6.5 Digha Coastal Plain

Bankura 14 2.6.6.1 A } 2.6.6.1 B Bankura Uplands 2.6.6.2 Bankura Bishnupur Rarh Plain 2.6.6.3 Patrasair Plain 2.6.6.4 Silai Plain 2.6.6.5 Middle Kasai Basin

Birbhum 17 2.6.6.1 NaJhati Plain 2.6.6.2 Brahamani Mayurakshi Basin 2.6.6.3 Suri Plain 2.6.6.4 Bakreswar Upland

3.3 Bihar -. West Bengal Uplands

3.3.3 PuruJiya 15 3.3.3.1 Damodar Dwarakeswar Upland PuruJiya Uplands 3.3.3.2 Upper Kasai Basin 3.3.3.3 Banduan Upland

State C(~DSUS Code • 26

PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS OF WEST BENGAL

Ham! Meso Sub- Micro Districts Sub·Mlcro Constituenls Area in Km'. Population 1991 Region ReglOll.'i Regions with Sub-dlvlsions wilb Code with with CodeNo. witb Code No. Vllla;les Thwns Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban No. Code No. Code No. (4th Tier Divisions)

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 [, The [,4 [,4.2 02 1.4.2.1 Tista Nl)rthern Nortll Darjiling JaJpaiguri Plain 54 2 867.00 811.06 55.94 626641 410692 215949 Mountain Eastern Himalays 1.4.2.2. Centnd Himalayas Including Duars 351. 6 2524.60 2464.31 60.29 1042126 939441 102685 Duars [,4.2.3 Eastern Duars 341 2667.30 2612.57 54.73 1131776 992163 139613

03 1.4.21 Darjiling Darjiling Himalay35 H:. 762.60 743.35 19.25 333783 221889 111894

1.41.2 Kurneong Range IH: 667.30 637.76 29.54 238800 191448 47352

1.4.2.3 KaIimpong Range 92 885.20 884.39 0.81 101745 98648 3097

1.4.2.4 Western Duars 34:! 692.90 657.22 35.68 531088 297371 233717

1.4.2.5 Mahananda Tra:t 45 195.40 195.40 94503 94503

2.1he 2.6 2.6.3 01 2.6.3.1 West Koch Great Lower Barind Koch Bihar Plain 40'1 1073.20 1067.87 5.33 570747 551672 19075 Plains Ganga Tra:t Bihar Plains 2.6.3.2 East Koch Bihar Plain 7SJ 7 2312.20 2275.43 36.77 1600398 1449976 150422

38 [> 2 3 4 5 6 7 I 8 9 10 II 12 13 ]

04 2.63.1 Isbmpur West Gca4dJlar 557 1448.00 1434.01 13.99 765383 720143 45240 Dinajpur Plan

2.6.31 Sudhani MI.hananda 978 4 1778.30 1152.65 25.65 1156048 948113 207135 Gumari Plain

263.3 Balurgh31 Plain 1604 2188.40 2167.39 21.01 1206222 1041997 164225

05 2.6.3.1 Lower Mlldah Mahananda Plain 517 1134.00 1134.00 852548 852548

2.63.2 Maldah Plain 849 1345.00 1337.87 7.13 656804 609471 47333

2.6.3.3 Mahananda Ganga Intertluve 435 1183.30 1170.14 13.16 I121680 988476 139204

2.6.4 06 2.6.4.1 Nabagr&n Mariband Murshida- Plain 214 693.60 693.60 361029 361029 Delta bad 2.6.4.2 Mayurakshi Dwarka Plain 525 1033.80 1020.85 12.95 773311 733659 39652

26.4.3 Ganga BhagiIathi 928 16 2103.40 2013.67 89.73 2265378 1830932 434446 Basin

26.4.4 Jalan~ Bhagrrathi 338 1057.40 1053.42 3.98 903092 882843 20249 Intertluve

2.604.5 R.1ninagar Plain 155 548.70 548.70 437339 437339

07 2.6.4.1 BhaginIIhi 216 4 573.70 512.99 60.71 676590 378581 298009 Nadia Basin

2.6.41 Jalangl Bhag!ratIu 194 718.30 709.37 8.93 555650 526639 29011 Intertluve

2.6.4.3 Nadia Plain 235 804.30 804.30 602104 602104 :-Ionh

2.6.4.4 Krishnagar 28( 1634.90 1568.16 66.74 892474 636526 255948 SantiptJr Plain

2.6.45 Ranaghat 41f' 12 977.20 888.80 88.40 1125279 836429 288850 Oiakdaha Plain

2.6.5 08 2.6.5.1 Ichharnati 71"' II 2071.10 1942.62 128.48 2299732 1789170 510562 Proper North Raimangal IXlta 1Wenty- Plain four P&pnas 2.6.5.2 North &D 24 1165.15 1621.03 143.72 2745648 1105614 1040034 Bidyidtari Plain

39 D 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 2.65,3 Non.~ 23 24 180.54 16.85 163.69 2236501 56791 2179704 ltlgIi Flats

09 2.65.1 South m 30 682.76 407.16 275.60 5593048 705654 4887394 South Hu8li Twenty- Flats four l'a!gan$ 2.651 South 358 1119.45 11~.47 12.98 963585 929681 33~ Bidyadhari ~

2.6.5.3 HugIi !3l9 12 2891.40 2831.30 60.10 3129076 2890178 238898 Della

2.6.5.4 Sundarbans 112 0 1138.80 1138.80 0.00 429140 429140

10 Calcutta Area and Population Ill! included in 2.6.5.1 (South Hugli Flats) under South Twe~tyfour Pruganas

II 2.6.5.1 Rupnarayan 323 537.70 530.36 7.34 796626 776148 20478 Haora Damodar PIam

2.651 HugIi- 376 21 659.00 597.~ 61.94 1235183 994697 240486 DamxIar Plain

2.65.3 Hugli 42 23 199.50 53.76 145.74 1697835 109685 1588150 Flats

12 2.6.5.1 Dwarakeswar 567 1~1.10 1042.~ 19.04 989726 944515 452li HngIi Plain

2.6.5.2 Hugli 1271 II 2287.10 2254.30 32.80 2059741 1909708 150033 Damodar Plain

2.6.5.3 Hugli 84 24 225.10 105.43 119.67 1305763 142756 1163007 Flats

16 2.65.1 Ajay-Dam:xlar 298 53 1275.50 697.49 578.01 2167531 477472 1690059 Barddhaman BarakBrTmct

2.651 Kaksa- 453 1395.60 1374.45 21.15 678590 651595 26995 Ketugram Plain

2.6.5.3 Bardlhaman 119l 2838.80 2802.53 36.27 211l~1 1828242 282819 Plain

2.65.4 Bhagirathi 229 476.10 450.74 25.36 551821 428702 123119 Basin

2.6.5.5 Khandaghosh 4n 1030.70 1030.70 541602 541602 Plain

2.6.6 l3 2.6.6.1 SilaiPlam 220(> 2391.60 2345.91 45.69 972168 916328 55840 Radl Medinipur Plain 2.6.6.2 Lowar 323-' 11 3472.40 3325.00 147.40 3026496 2635017 391479 Kasai Basin

2.6.6.3 Medinipur 1809 1921.20 1904.16 17.04 569653 527559 42094 Upland

2.6.6.4 Contai 4129 5174.10 5030.00 144.10 3529214 3200583 328631 Plain 40 [I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ]

2.6.6.5 Digha 373 362.00 355.99 6.01 234381 231430 2951 COOSIa! Plain

14 2.6.6.1A Bankura 402 661.50 661.50 231707 231707 Bankura Upland

2.6.6.1B Bankura 130 372.30 37230 74530 74530 Upland

2.6.6.2 Bankura Bishnupur 1469 2768.00 2706.51 61.49 1230289 1020346 209943 Ram Plain

2.6.63 PatI1lSair 596 1040.90 1032.17 8.73 541532 532262 9270 Plain

2.6.6.4 Selai 668 1212.70 1212.70 421583 421583 Plain

2.6.6.5 !.Mlle 559 819.10 811.59 7.51 305424 292159 13265 Kalai Plain

17 2.6.6.1 Nalhali 205 512.70 506.04 6.66 392715 371891 20824 BirtJhum Plain

2.6.6.2 Brahmani 811 1469.50 1456.52 12.98 924554 851255 73299 Mayurnkshi Basin

2.6.63 Suri· 940 1624.60 1601.99 22.61 892954 785896 107058 Bolpur Plain

2.6.6.4 Bakreswar 508 931.60 913.46 18.14 345441 317059 28382 Upland

3. Th:Deccan 33. 3.3.3 15 3.3.3.1 Damodar· 932 1951.00 1908.50 42.50 789639 708360 81279 P:lteau Bihar· Puruliya Purufiya Dwarnkeswar West Uplands Upland 8engaI Uplands 3.3.3.2 Upper 852 1951.50 1937.60 13.90 747239 654853 92386 Kalai BaW!

3.3.3.3 Baghmundi 901 2295.00 2281.61 1339 687699 651358 36341 Banduan Upland

41

(GENERAL MAP~J

1 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 3 :

,.'• r·-':;-f--_'__---=,.--~-____:::",----~---=",,--_';"---. 1".· .. '.'.·.' I It Ill', INDIA POSITION OF·WEST BENGAL IN INDIA 1991 "'"*'Y,1nWM-- _ '~"""U.T. ___ ~ ...... - .• --.... • CIp.,h' ...'U.T_ ~tmIIS 100110 0 100 2OO:llO 400 eoo , 11' '" • ! ttt=i :I

II'

81'

ill'

a J. Y

o Ii'

BEN G A J. It ARABIAN

SEA .F-II.(JURMA)

." ~/. ~, • (INDIA) o ' 7 R' 'I: .-1. u" ~ . (INDIA) .·PortBIU" ( ., .' ~SE"l! .,. .'. -; "O'Y ~ d's ·Klvlrattl ~, ~ '" y.' ~, "I;.. ~o .. !,i. ....,. c- ... The admklls!ratlv. h'ldqusIWs.ofChandlgath, o ~. '" ... HalYana and Punjab are lOcated at Chlllldlgaffl, . ,"; I' '. P PONDlCHeFIRV Q' .. " ~"-;\)t,

N D A N E A N L__. ____ ~ ______L ______~ ___ •______~ ______L__. ______.J_ '--'"______~ 12- UlfCIFWIlIIIQ 11' S' '11' II' II' 45

CENSU~i OF INDIA MAP 4A

27 - WEST BENGAL ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS 1991 c (C, 0, BLOCK) a. w

CALCUTTA AND NEIGHBOURHOOD Z i"O' • II l$~

Q

BllUNDARlES: , INTERNATIONAL _._ STATE DISTRICT C.D BLOCK SlATE CAPITAL -(i- DISTRICT HEADQUARTERS.

"'OME'TRES 10 0 '10 2030 'a sa IG 7010 .5t~~~~~~~

23'

o Tt\l heodqlJGftetl of Soulh T... nt,tour -+ PClfIJQIlGS district I, localed ar Alp" in CoIt:utlo dlslrlct. ~

Whltr, Ihe nome 01 lhe .strk:t diffIN's from B BIRIIHUII tho of Its headquarters. n,. former is wruten BD BANGl.AO£SH WI t rockets eCJ. 1url (Slrbhvml. K KOCH AlAR

BAY OF B.I.:NGAL

EQ5t Gf Greenwich ee' 90

.17

CENSUS OF INDIA MAP4B ". u· n·

BAY OF .BENt/lAL

..- E.. loI_ .. - ••• ,D" 49

CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 5

8S'

WEST BENGAL RELIEF AND DRAINAGE

AlTITUOE IN METRES.

26'

25

COftlTO"' IiIS .,,£ .,,.fIIO)CIIIATIl

BOUNOARIES :-

INTERNATIONA, •• o STATE

AIVER

CONTOUR IN METR ES • •• ----l3~O __

o 22'

B BIRBHUM BD BANGLADESH s K KOCH BIHAR

BENGAL

8S' 89

51

CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 6

90' I I I WEST BENGAL NORMAL MONTHLY AND ANNUAL .,. - 27' RAINFALL .. 'i'o.. (:..... " • " c

- z( 'NNU'~ RAINFALL IN MILLIMETRES

IDOO ''1.. H+l++HfT-' IH++l+H+H-.•,

1100

1100

1400

s'l- c

Q • lOCATION Of THE METEOROLOGICAL STATION.

BOUMlARlES ; INTERNATIONAL _ • _. _ STATE .f> ~ ~~ ...F 41-- r.:: . KILOHET~ES .~·lr . ,~ 10 0 10201040~'010eO ...... ';;;;;;1 hd I d .r::.'~ " ~ll \ (---...... L-..----:rl r ·...... 1 _, ' c. ./ ' . • ·'9 ( • r~ - . ~~_.i '> I ~. \: ...... l:., IM.I I . N . D 4000 - ff- "."' ...... ~ . ,,_. 1111 - 2J' )000 - .i lUI .) ~, Z~ ( t._ ~ JJJI 11 ~ .c ,•• ~ 11) 1 d i .. 1.111 ri" 1 '- "". J F A. J J AS , ~ , , ~. ~ ~ '. ! I ~ " .J -.J ALIPUR (CALCUTTA, IIllHTIl '?w,',I CD O '\..: .''';' .., + I , ~- ! ~~~~UUUW - Z2' ; ~. ~I (+++++++++-t-J..+.I~.j...I..j..l-Vll ~~"d n: ~

• - W.",,-\ IT B BIR8HUM • I , BO BANGLADESH • I r~. K KOCH BIHAR ~ ~ ~ ~NE~_L I BAY O~ B£NOAL, ,-, I I Eaat of Or.enwieh B7' 8B' ag' 90' 53

CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 7 , 87' 88'

WEST BENGAL NORMAL MONT HLY AND ANNUAL TEMPERATURE

ANNUAL TEMPERA luaE IN DEGREE CELSIUS

26

21

2'

• lOCATIOtl OF THE METEOROLOGICAL STAT IO ... . Q

BOUttOARIES : STATE .~ INTERNATlONAl_._._

2' KllOME TRE S 10 01020304050(;07080 b±;j L;;;;;;;J' ~t=;;;j ....

z

l]' I "

89' 90' 55

CENSUS OF INDIA

WEST BENGAL GEOLOGY

Km.IO 0 10 20 30 40 50 Km. IwwI Jweeez! Wi I

BOUNDARIES:-

INTERNATIONAL .••• ___

STATE ...... _._._

DISTRICT ...... _._._

Aluvlum ~ RECENT (1) ~ 0:: PLEISTOCENE Ofd.r alluvium, LGllII1t. 121

MIOCENE-PLIOCENE· Siwalik ,y,tem and unclallifl.d 131 Upper Terllary FormatIon.

JURASSIC-CRETACEOUS RQ~irap • 141 TRIASSIC-JURASSIC Upp .. Gondw~a Sy.tem I~I

CARBONIFEROUS-PERMIAN Lower GondwCIIG Sy.tlm • 161 '0;(' UPPER PROTEROZOIC 171

ARCflAEAN-MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC IBI

,,"oltMdl •• oaU" GIld RonqlGtolJ!.of DarJllnt Hlmolo,o, parl.tlll.,. GIld ~.,"" iii' South PInIIJI and 8_uro with .pldlotlt •• :~~~~:n:: flltl" .. and lI.tct-.. 6nlfltl. grORlt. ,"alII 1I1Ihl.pt,nltu and gramlt.lllc:IIktrIt ,,,llInt lI'onURtI.1II PliTlIIJQ QI\d SaM.t HB HllIo6ERS GIVEN IN TI£ .'I!EMTHESIS IN TIlE lEGEJiO .• OF rH~ _AP _U BE REnJtEll TO IN TIlE ,AIlE ORIElItl All THE INSET MAPS OF G{OlOGr Of 11£ DISTRICTS SIIOW!H\l R£GlONAl. DIVISIONS ,

z

o

Sourc.~ Gte\o1le1ll Sit'" ,I I\dIG~. Wul 8.",111 WId Afldaman and HlccbGf hIGll(••, J' J' -4 B BlflBHUM BO BANGLADESH K KOCH BIHAR

OF BENGAL

57

CENSUS OF INDIA MAP9 .. ' 19' If 21" WEST BENGAL ,. SOILS " -4 It." ID 0 304f 50 It •• a.. IY U I - - ~ ~ ~ _ARIES: ~ IfTERHATroNAt.._._.-._ ST.t.TE_. __._ SOl. _____ OISTRlCT ••••••••••• ___

L£6EMO ... SII·OfIO£R ASSOCIAT1OIIS 21; ~.AIiW'lt AllUMTS·USTIlIS 26' _,...OCIII£n1.GII1lIJIft ltK _"·nlMln·~ Q:: {~~ AQUM.rS·OQIID'TI·FIJNO!TS 1IST1Ut-_", IISTIUt-OCIIIO'fS'A4UEPTI {:~11 ~- USTN.f1-AOUAlIS·OCIIIfPTI 1IITN.f1·OCII!D'TI·0It11OT1 • ~ r4~ IIDIlfS-OCIftll'n ...... (4. fl.UVOO'I·AQll[PTI·Aquw-S \50 fl.MllTI·P1-.rs·0I11OT1 DIITlUTI·MjUfPTI·OQIItPTS {:! OIITIDTI-OCHIIl'TI AqIVT1-AQlJDlTS ~ (:!~ AQWPTS·OCIII£PTI OCIIIfPn·AqIVT1 Zl' t'°EZ!u ...... _n·n.uvoTl oCt 25' APPIIOXIIATE TI.IDITI2!!!!, m!lmAI!I!f. AQUALfS · ...... '...... 1..,*""""'" ~ AQII£m ...... rtty • ..,.,., USTAUS • fttIo .... •' ...... 04 -.. ," IeNy ...... riaI .oGo OCIIIm'TS - ~ Wed, twin .. IIIIrNI .....f "",1ft • RKtIftr ,_ .... ,."ttI GIllOT. · __ rR",""_, FlIMNTS lQUEllTS ·R....tIr ,_ "'*_.... _. _'sI_ ..., IION..rs ...... ' ...... ,_~ I~ ,._TS . '1Id) .... r A.... ' 1

24'

...1

23' 23'

22' I

Sew.,.:"'" .f _.~ ., _ ..._oISoI,...., ... l_ r--.llt.... I1I • ._.

8.A....Y o F

.,' EOI' 88 90 59

CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 1C

. KKIMP';:;; WEST BENGAL POPULATION 1981-91 GROWTH (~-MICRO REGIONS)

BOUNOARY, INTERNA nONAL _.-.- . STATE

DISTRICT MACRO REGIONS

"'-)11-;(- hIICRO

SUB-MICRO REGIONS ••. REGIONAL DMSIONS MACRO ., MESO " • Qj j MICRO .. . I SUB-MICRO •.•

_ RURAL

DURBAN Q

It- MIlL.

CENSUS 9F INDIA MAP 11_ ••• o?· eo· WEST BENGAL POPULATION 1991 DENSITY OF REGIONS) (SUB-MI CRO

. IOUNDARY, INTERNATlctlAL .0 •

STATE • "

DISTRICT... • ..

MACRO REGION •••

MI!80 -)(-)(-

MICRO ~t,,·~:::.. ··" ii JJ r I

aua .. MICRO .".,.

PERSONS PER K M2

~ 1400 An~ Abovo

• 1100 -1399

§ 800 -10119

[]]] 000 - 7119

§ .0·

II·

zz·

B BIRBHUII . 8 D BANGLADESH

K KOCH BIHAR

\ W MOORE IIL,lND NE (INDIA) ... 63

CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 11A

WEST BENGAL u "'Fi~ ~l fcrnTUT 4 DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION 1991

CALCUTT A AND NEIGHBOURHOOD 10 1-& kW

V)

SIZE OF URBAN POPULA liON

CLASS I sou 000 I ABOVE L..J

CLASS I 100 000- 499 999

CLASS II 50 000 - 99 999 II 0 CLASS III 20 000 - 49 999

BOUNDARIES : INTERNATIONAL _____ STATE . . . C.LASS IV 10 000 - 19 999 RI VER , . , ,.. ~ CONlOUR IN METRES __ I.3"J D--_ • CLASS V 5 000 - 9 999 • 2 4 _ I(ms 10 ' 0 10 20 JP 40 50 K.'Tn

_...l

23

/ .0 .... , 6 BIRBHUM ...:-: .{:.>:. 80 BANGLADESH s <...... K KOCH BIHAR /.i"'l ~;_~":" "'- '

8 4 y OF BENGAL 8~'- ~ ------~89~------J [esl of 'lrt:er.·.... ·!c h 65 .

CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 12

WEST BENGAL VARIATION IN DENSITY OF POPULATION 1981-91 (SUB-MICRO REGIONS)

KmlK> 0 10 20 30 40 &)Km.

BOUNOARY. INTIRHATIONAL BlATE DISTRICT MACRO REGIONS " MEIO ... _jC-<- MICIIQ

SUB-MICRO

REGIONAL DIVI~ONS ... 2 . 6 . 3 . I MACRO. MESO ••.••• MICRO •.•.• SUB-MICRO •• ~

PERSONS PER 101'

m l~ AND ASOVE

30-34

m 2~-29 Q S 20-24

D /9 AND BELOW c

...

8 BIRBHUM eo BANGLADESH I( KOCH BIHAR

BAY o F BEN • A L

67

CENSUS OF INDIA

WEST BENGAL RURAL DENSITY OF POPULATION 1991 (SUB-MICRO REGIONS) A.

K ... 10 0 10 20 30 40 50K ... W

IIOUNOAlY INTERNATIONAL ...... _ • _ • _

STATE .••••.••.••••••••.

DISTRICT ••••••...... ••.•

MACRO REGION •••••••••. MESO -x-x- MICRO

sua MICRO u

REGIONAL DIVISIONS ••••.•••••••••.••.

MACRO ••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••

MESO ••.•••••••••••••.••.••••.••.••

MICRO ••.•••••

sua-MICRO . ..•...•••..... , .. , ......

PERSONS PER KM2 em 1000 And A~ •••

~ 800 -999

Q [I]JJJ 600 - 799

t-=-d 400-m

D 399 And BII.w _,

I IIUHUM

81 IANGLADUH K KOCH BIHAR

MOOILI .... elfID,.,

BAY OF BENGAL

69

BENGAL WEST RURAL DENSITY OF VARIATION I: 1981-91 T10N POPUL(SUB-M leRO REGIONS)

102030 40 50I Km. I I I !

INTERNATIONAL.. •.• .•. ... _. _._ BOUNDARY...... STATE ...... DISTRICT ..... MACRO REGION......

MESO -~-~- IAICRO SUB-MICRO " •. , •.

2. 6. 3. I "'"~ ...":':' ~ II :MI:E •••••••.••..••.•••.••••••••

SUB-MICRO ...... '" ... , ..

VARIATION IN DENSITY DURING 1981-91

Ia 36 AND ABOVE ~31-35

.26-30

F:::J 21- 25 ~ r:::::::::l 20 ANil BELOW ~

24"

B BIRBflUM BD BANGLADESH K KOCH BIHAR

~ MOOIlE ISLAND NEW IIlDl>.I BAY

89"

71

~ENSUS OF INDIA __ J{lAP 15.

8S' 87' SS' 8S' ~ .. WEST BENGAL 27'_ URBAN DENSITY OF POPULATION 1991 (SUB.MICRO REGIONS)

Km. 10 0 10 20 30 40 ~OKm.

BOUNDARY, INTERNA TIONAl • . • STATE······· ._,_,_

DISTRICT ...•.•• -. _.­ MACRO REGION' •. ,_" _ .. - MESO It···· ·-x-x-

26'- MICRO SUB-MICRO .. . • • • ...... 26'

::~:~A~ .D'~'~'~N.S ...... "gJJ~'_"'J'6. 3t' I

MESO ...... •.•••.••• ~ MICRO" ......

SUB-MICRO •.•.•.. . . . • . .

PERSONS PE~ Km'1

25'- ~ 9000 And Aboye

~ 7000-a999

[[]I]] 5000 - 6999 Ci

f= -= -d 3000- 4999

24'- D 2999 And Solow 24'

Z2'- 22'

B BIRBHUM. // BD BANGLADESH K . KOCH BIHAR

I B.A Y

86' ee' 89' 90' l!l_'

CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 16 9S' e7' ee' 811'

27' WEST BENGAL VARIATION IN URBAN DENSITY OF POPULATION 1981-91 (SUB.MICRO REGIONS) Q.

BOUNOARY, INTERNATIONAL ... STATE DISTRICT ... MACRO REGION " MESO " 26' " MICRO 11 !e' " SUB-MICRO" ...... 2 & 3 I ...MACRO,," .•. """'", .••..... '" ., •... _j 111 MESO .••.• , .... , ..••....•.••..... MICRO ...... SUB-MICRO ...•...•..•...... •..• VARIATION IN DENSITY DURING 1981-91

46 And Above ~ ~ EntirtlyR ...1

2~' • 36-4~ 25'

• 26-35

m 16-25

E§ 15 And Below

§ 26 And Above

24' 24'

.J

23' 23'

tD

22' 22'

I 6 BIRBHUM ED BANGLADESH s H KOCH BIHAR ~ HEW MOORE ISLAND BAY OF BENGAL (INOlA; ;. 86' 87' 88' 89'

CENSUS OF INDIAi ,MAP 17

WEST BENGAL SEX RATIO 1991 (SUB. MI CRO REGIONS)

30 50 KM. KNI ,0 a I I I I Iii i . _. INnRNATION~l.. • .• _ _ BOUNDARV, ••• .. ST",E ...... " DISTRICT " MACRO REGIONS.· • MESO ., .... " -)(-'X­ " NICRD ., • " SUIHoIICRO. • •• REGIONAl. DIVISIONS

MACRO ...... "

MESO . .•..•....•.•• ...... MICRD •.•••••••• ...... !JJj SUS "MICRO ......

25· 25°

FEMAlES PER 1000 M~LES

9!51 And Abovi

• 90, - 950 ~ § 85' - 900

~- _--i ISO And Bllo\ll

. 13

22°

B BIRBHUM BO BANGlADESH K KOCH BIHAR

BAY OF BENGAL

8S0

CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 18

81i' ~' 90'

WEST BENGAL LED CASTES 1991 SCHEDU(SUB. MICRO DIVISION)

III ZO 3D 40 50 Kms

NTERNATIONAL ...... _._ BOUNDARV. I ...... " STATE ...... DISTRICT...... _ .. _ .. _ " eRO REGION ...... -x-x- "MA ...... MESO. " 26' " MICRO "...... • ...... " CRO...... I 2G' "'.~"" "~;:: : :::: J i i 1 ~::: : ::::::::~:=:-:: - SUB-MICRO ...... _.. .

ASTES TO SCHEDULEDOF THEC REGION THEPERCENTA~Epg~ULATION TOTA

40.01 AND ABOVE

ITITIIJ 30.01 - 40.00

~0.01 - 30.00

10.01 - 20.00

2'1'

BI1I11M1 ~ B-'""lAOESIi \\ KOCH BtlAR o MOORE ISLANO NEWIJ«)lAJ

BENGAL

-----~-90' 89'

MAP19

10·

. WEST BENGAL 27 SCHEDULED TRIBES 1991

( SUB-MICRO LEVEL)

50 Kill I

ERMA TIONAL ... • .• eOUNDARY, ~~ATE ..•.••••. ::: ::: .. DISTRICT.. ..• ... • .. ACRO REGION... . M ., ' .. ,., ... -x-x- MESO ...... MICRO .... , .•.•.. 2& S\.8-I.11CRO.. ..• ...... 6 •.• I REGIONAL.. DI~~...... •.• •.• ... •..•.• ..••.. J.__j t·, I ~AESCOR~: ::: ::: ::: ::: '" ••• ::: ::: mMICRO ..•.•.. , ...... •• , ... SUB-MICRO •.•....

D TRIBES PERCENT AGE OF SCHEDULEPULA TION OF T HE REGION TO THE TOTAL PO

2.5. ~ ~.Ol AND ABOVE

~ 16.01-22·00

OJ]] 10.01 - 16.00

~ 4.01- 10.00

D 4.00 AND BELOW

..J

8 BIRBHUM SO BANGLADESH K KOCH BIHAR

BAY OF .. B6 81

PART -III REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF DISTRICTS

DISTRICT JALPAIGURI REGIONAL DIVISIONS

The district of Jalpaiguri is located between 26°16' and 27°0' North latitudes and 88°4' and 89°:,3' East longitudes. This district is bounded by Darjiling district and Bhutan on the north, Assam on the east, Bangladesh and Koch Bihar on the south and Darjiling district and part of Bangladesh on the wes t. The district is a part of Darjiling Himalayas region including Duars (1.4.2).

The district has 2, 800, 543 persons of which 2, 342, 296 (83.64 per cent) are recorded in the rural areas and 454,247 (16.36 per cent) in the urban areas. Of the total popUlation, there are 882, 769 (31.52 per cent) main workers, 63, 563 (2.27 per cent) marginal workers and 1, 854,211 (66.21 per cent) non- workers. Whereas the numerical strength of scheduled castes is 1,035,971 (36.99 per cent) persons, and scheduled tribes 589,225 (2[04 per cent). There are 752, 180 (26.85 per cent) and 279, 738 (9.99 per cent) persons ofliterates both in nnal and urban areas. The district has 13 C. D. Blocks, 753 villages and 16 urban centres. The district is rectangular in shape with an area of 6058.90 Krn2. The Western part is slightly undulating and covered by paddy fields and bushy jungles. While the eastern part of the district presents a flat strip of 1 and. The rivers of Tista, Jaldhaka, Dudua, Raidak and Sankosh which originate from Sikkim, Bhutan and Darjiling hills whereas the which origi­ nating from Tibet drains the south-northern part of the district. The whole regilon is full of tea gardens, interspersed with forests.

In this district, the geological formation varies from Recent, Pleistocene, Miocene-Pliocene, Upper Proterozoic, carboniferous Permian to Archaean. The types of soils found in this area are Udalfs-Ochrepts, Orthents-Aquepts-Ochrepts, Orthents-Orchepts, Aquepts and Orchrepts-Fluvents.

On the basis of geology, Soils, Topography, climate and natural vegetation, the district has been divided into three sub-micro regions, viz.

1.4.2.1-Tista Plains.

The region is situated in between the rivers of Mahananda and Tista. Most probably the region is covered by undulating expanse of paddy field s and bushy jungles. The altitude of the region ranges frorr, 250 metres to 500 metres high above the sea level. In the region, the Mahananda (Mahanadi) and the Tista are the two important rivers flowing from north to south. The soils are alluvial, brown and shallow black in nature and the region is characterised by the soils of recent formation.

The region has 626, 641 persons within an area of 867.00 Km2. Of the total population, 410, 692 persons (65.54 per cent) and 251, 949 persons (34.46 per cent) are recorded in the rural and urban areas respectively. There are 281,670 (44.95 per cent) scheduled castes and 26, 093 (4.16 per cent) scheduled tribes. The literacy rate to the total popUlation of the region is 44.52 per cent. In terms of working population, the region has recorded 30.43 per cent of main workers, 2.03 per cent of marginal workers and 67.54 per cent of non-workers. The region has 54 villages and 2 towns in 2 C. D. Blocks of and J alpaiguri. It has the rural density of 506 persons per Km2 and the urban density of 3, 860 2 persons per Km •

1.4.2 .2-Central Duars.

The region extends from the river TistGl on the West and the river Dudua on the east. The region slopes from north-west towards the South and the altitude in this region ranges from 250 to 1000 metres. There are hill ranges on the northern part of the region while on the south there extends the alluvial plain area with gentle slope. The reg ion has Tropical moist deciduous and Semi-evergreen type!: of forests with tall grasses and shrubby plants. The shallow black, brown and alluvial soils are found in this region.

85 The region covers 7 C. D. Blocks comprising 358 villages and 6 urban centres. It has a total poplliation of 1, 042, 126 of which 939, 441 persons (90.15 percent) reside in rural areas and 102, 685 persons (9.85 per cent) in urban areas. Of the total population, there are 32.02 per cent of main workers, 2.33 per cent of marginal workers and 65.65 per cent of non-workers. The scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes constitute 39.54 per cent and 25.58 per cent. The literacy rate is 26.46 per cent of the total population. The region has an area 2524.60 Km2 with a density of 381 persons per Km'2 in the rural areas and 1, 703 persons per Km2 in the urban areas.

1.4.2.3· Eastern Duars.

The region covers the eastern part of the district and extends up to the river Sankosh. The topographical features are almost similar to the region No. 1.4.2.2 of this district. The region presents a similar type of Tropical moist deciduous forests. The important rivers Viz. Torsa, Raidak and Sankosh which are flowing from north to south direction drained the alluvial plain sloping gently towards south. The soils are alluvial, brown and black in colour. Many tea-estates are distributed in this region.

The region has 1, 131, 776 persons of which 992, 163 (87.66 per cent) are in the rural areas and 139, 613 (12.34 per cent) in the urban areas. The region has an area of 2667.30 Km2 and a density of 380 persons per Km2 in rural and 2,551 persons per Km2 are in the urban areas. Of the total population, there are 31.66 per cent of main workers, 2.35 per cent of marginal workers and 65.99 per cent of non-workers. Whereas the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes have presented 30.24 per cent and 26.20 per cent respectively in the region. The rate of literacy i!) 36.88 per cent. The region comprises 341 Villages and 8 urban centres located in 6 C. D. Blocks.

86 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 20

Wnrl~NGAl DISTRICT JALPAIGURI 8 CENSUS CODe 02 REGIONAL DIVISIONS

u T A

N

~I

H

Q "".,,, ,, .,,, ___ 1_1_ A STATE. . ( DISTRICT ...... _,_,_,_ [READ THE SEQU~CE OF REGIONAL DIVISIONS WITH REFERENCE TO 4L INDIA MAP COOES UPTO 3TIERl ~ POLICE STATION ,...... ", _,_,_,_

I! C.D. BLOCK ." ...... ______•

VLL AGE HAVING 5000 , ABOVE POPlUTION .' •

GEOLOGY lIlBAN AREA ...... , ...... SOIL U ~IIU NATIONAL flGHWAY. .. '" .. . .. , .. , ...... _ __;tfi;,;;!;,.1 __ w

STATE HlGHWAt ...... , ... SHI2A fi RAlWAYLINE WITH STATIJN, BROAD GAUGE . ... !Ii • RALWAY LHE WITH STATION, METRE GAUGE . ... 1111111I111~11111111l++ RrvER ...... ~ I. 4. 2. L T~TA PLAIN REGIONAL DIVISIONS ...... l 4. a l I. 4. 2. 2. CENTRAL DUARS t t t t MACRO ...... I. 4. 2. 3. EASTERN DUARS MESO ... '" ...... '" .. . .. , .. , ...... ~ I I lIeRO ... '" ...... -'1-'- SUB·MICRO WITH BOUNDARY .. '" ...... L...... ,~ BIIOCOCIlHI]CEIIE RESERVE FOREST WITH NAME ...... : .... .8I1!:A.~~ ... . : ~UPi'DIPliOTEROZOi: IilCAll60IfEIIOUSPERi~j Oil OCIllEPTHlIIVEiTS

TABLE 1 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS District : JALPAIGURI Census Lol:ation Code No. 02 State : WEST BENGAL

:"lo. of No. of T Area in T Population Region No. Villages in towns in R Kml. R and Name each each U U Persons Males Females region region ,. [ 1 2 3 4 • J 6 7 8 9

1.4.2.1 54 2 T 8ti7.00 T 626641 327275 299366 Tista Plain R 811.06 R 410692 214345 196347 U :;5.94 U 215949 112930 103019

1.4.2.2 358 6 T 25:!4.60 T 1042126 539635 502491 Central R 24(l4.31 R 939441 485647 453794 Duars U (10.29 U 102685 53988 48697

1.4.2.3 341 8 T 26(07.30 T 1131776 5&6284 545492 Eastern R 26 2.57 R 992163 514157 478006 Duars U =,4.73 U 139613 72127 67486

- *The summation of the area figures of the Police Stations under each district wiIl not tally with the concerned district area figures because the former represent those supplied by the State Director of Land Records and Survey while the later represents those supplied by the Surveyor General, India.

HBLE 2 REGIONWISE VILLAGE CODES, 1991 Di:.trict : JALPAIGURI Census Loc,dion Code No. 02 State : WEST BENGAL

Location Total No. of Area of Regional livision Code No. of ViIIagl!s Division in J{m2o lumber CoD. Block Census Remarks nd Code Villages Of CoD. In as per 1991 Block Division Total Rural Urban 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 1..1.2.1 RajganJ 3 to 29 27 54 867.00 811.06 55.94 LC 1 is in Region No. 1.4.2.2 1i;la 2 Towns LC 2 Ulbanised. Phn Jalpaiguri I to 27 27 LC 28 and 29 in Region 1.4.2.2

1.01.2.2 Rajganj .358 2524.60 2464.31 60.29 ClJltral 6 Towns DllaiS Jalpaiguri 28,29 2 Mal 1 to 19,21 105 LC 20, 44 Urbanised. to 43, 45 to 107 Mitiali 1 to 31 31 22 to 24, 44 64 LC 25, !:7, 89 and 98 Urbanised. to 86, 88, 90 to LC 106 is in Region No. 1.4.2.3 97, 99 to 105, 107, 108 of Dhubguri P,S. 1 to 21, 26, 39 (D) Transfered from P.S. Dbubguri to 43 (D) of Banalhat P.S.

Maynaguri 2 to 18,22 82 LC 1 transfaJed to ~agrakata P.S. in to 35, 39. 41 to Region 1.4.2.2 90

Nagrakata I to 22, 23 1 (M) of (M) tran::feied from P.S. Maynaguri Nagrakata P.S. (N) transfeied from P.S. Nagrakata 23 to 33 (N) 11 of Banalbat P.S. 89 c: 1 Z 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 1.<.2.3 Dhupguri 106 341 2667.30 2612.57 54.73 Ea;tem 7 fowns Dlarll Madarihat 1 to 18, 50 26,30,31 of LC 19 to 25. 27 to 29 are not existing as Birpara P.S. per D.C.H. 19 to 25. 27 LC 26. 30. 31, are not existing as 1029,32 to per D.C.H. 50 of Madarihat P.S.

Falakata 1 to 20,22 63 LC 21 i! not existing as per D.C.H. 1064

Alipurduar . I I to 48, 56, 58, 50 LC 49 tel 52, 56(Part) and 57 Urbenised

Alipurduar· II 53 to 55. 78 59 (0133

Kalchini I to 6, 16 44 LC 14 is not existing as per D.C.H. to 29 of Jaygaon P.S. 7 to 13. 15.30 to 45 of P.S.

Kumargram I to 14, 55 LC 15 Urbanised. 16 to 56

* LC No. 44 and 58 are shown in P.S Banarhal according to the record supplied by B.D.D. But these are actually located in P S. Dhubguri (D) denotes villages transfered from Dhubguri P.S. (M) denotes villages lransfered from Maynaguri P.S. and C") denotes villages transfered from Nagrakata P.S.

lABLE 3 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS· TOTAL Dhstrict : JALPAIGURI Census Loration Code No. 02 State : WEST BENGAL

!Region No. Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non· Workers 'md Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non·Workers Persons I Males I Females Persons J Males 1 Females Persons I Males l Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 S I 6 1 7 8 1 9 I 10

1.4.2.1 190676 167905 22771 12740 2097 10643 423225 157273 265952 Tista Plain

1.4.2.2 333735 265589 68146 24263 6698 17565 684128 267348 416780 Central Duars

1.4.2.3 358358 286985 71373 26560 6317 20243 746858 292982 453876 Easlern Duars

90 TABLE 4 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS • RURAL DiS'trict : JALPAIGURI Census Location Code No. 02 State : WEST BENGAL

Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non • Workers 'egion ~o. Id Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons 1 Males 1Females Persons .1 Males 1Females Persons 1 Males 1 Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 1 7 8 I 9 I 10

1.4.2.1 126868 111301 15567 12595 2021 10574 271229 101023 170206 Tisla Plain

1.4.2.2 302206 237539 64667 23636 6532 17104 613599 241576 372023 Central Duars

1.4.2.3 319858 253224 66634 25971 6004 19967 646334 254929 391405 Eastern Duars

TABLE 5 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS • URBAN Di~trict : JALPAIGURI Census Locution Code No. 02 Stare : WEST BENGAL

egion No. Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers Ild Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females J>ersons 1 Males I Females Persons I Males I Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 I 9 I 10

.4.2.1 63808 56604 7204 145 76 69 151996 56250 95746 Tista Plain

.,.4.2,2 31529 28050 3479 627 166 461 70529 25772 44757 Central Duars

:.4.2.3 38500 33761 4739 589 313 276 100524 38053 62471 Eastern I)uars

TABLE 6 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS Dirtrict : JALPAIGURI Census Location Code No. 02 State : WEST BENGAL

T Literates T Scheduled Castes T Scheduled Tribes tegion No. R R R IIld Name U U L' Persons I Males IFemales ;(>ersons I Males JFemaleS Persons I Males IFemales 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1.4.2.1 T 278950 174732 104218 T l81670 146617 135053 T 26093 13506 12587 Tisia Plain R 153805 101777 52028 R 225444 117497 107947 R 23588 12135 11453 U 125145 72955 52190 U 56226 29120 27106 U 2505 1371 1134

1.4.2.2 T 335590 225648 109942 T 412079 214954 197125 T 266586 135893 130693 Central R 275761 190460 85301 R 379113 197922 181191 R 263176 134020 129156 Duars U 59829 35188 24641 U 32966 17032 15934 U 3410 1873 1537

1.4.2.3 T 417378 268028 149350 T 342222 177636 164586 T 296546 152167 144379 Eastren R 322614 215008 107606 R 316570 164450 152120 R 293251 150276 142975 Duars U 94764 53020 41744 U 25652 13186 12466 U 3295 1891 1404 91 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS District: JALPAIGURI Census Lo,;ation Code No. 02 State: West Bengal S1. No.and name of Administrative No. the Regional Divisions Geology Soils Physio-Cultural Characteristics Divisions (C. D. Blocks) 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Division No. 1. Raiganj Alluvium Orthents­ The TIsta plain is located in between the 1.4.2.1 2. Jalpaiguri Aquepts­ two river systems, the Mahananda and the Tista Plain Ochrepts, Tista. The eastem boundary is formed by Aquepts­ the Tista river. Whereas the bed of Ochrepts, Mahananda is situated almost over the old Ochrepts­ bed of Tista river which forms the western Fluvents. boundary. The area to the West of TIsta is covered by the undulating expanse of paddy fields and bushy jungles. During the months of November and December the Darjiling Himalayas can be seen from this plain area. The tract, to the east of Tista Presents a flat strip of land. There are some hillocks in scatter ranging from 276 to 370 metres (approx.). The altitude ofthis region ranges from 250 to 500 metres above the sea level.

In view of river system, the Mahananda originates at Chimly at an altitude of 2060 metres high (approx.) in Darjiling District and flows southward then enter in . The river goes by the name of "Mahanandi" and continuous on the frontier part of th,~ district. The river has a number of small tributaries. In the dry season the quantity of water falls abruptly. The Tista which originates from the glaciers of North Sikkim at an altitude of about 6, 400 metres. It becomes the longest river of North Bengal and passes through Jalpaiguri district. It flows through Baikunthapur and several tributaries are joining to the Tista from the left and right directions. Among these tributaries Karala river which is worthy to mention and flows down to the Tist2l near Jalpaiguri town.

The vegetation cover in the region is greatly influnced by the type of prevailing climate and tropical moist deciduous forests are also grown in the northern part. Torrential rain and hot summer days have caused the climate rather damp and hot. Large number of bushy jungles and Sal forests, Palms and tall grasses with reed are grown in the region.

92 2 3 4 5 6 According to 1991 Census, the region has a total population of 626, 641 of which 65.54 per cent an:: in rural areas and 34.46 percent are found in urban areas. There are 190, 676 (30.43 per cent) of main workers, 12,740(2.03 percent) of marginal workers and 423, 225 (67.59 per cent) of non- workers. In the rural areas, 126, 868 (20.25 per cent) main workers, 12, 595 (2.01 percent) marginal workers and271, 229 (43.28 per cent) non-workers are recorded whereas in the urban areas, there are 63808 (10.18 per cent) main workers, 145 (0.02 per cent) marginal workers and 151, 996 (24.26 per cent) non-workers. Regarding the Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes, there are 281,670 (44.95 per cent) and 26, 093 (4.1 6 per cent) persons in the region. Of the total population, 24.54 per cent ofliterates are found in the rural areas and 19.97 per cent of literates in the urban areas. There are 54 villages and two towns viz, Dabgram (NM) and Jalpaiguri (M). The region has an area of 867.00 Km2 and mostly the inhabitants are found along the roads, railways and river banks. People are concentrated in urban areas and having a density of 3, 860 persons per Km2 while the rural areas present a density of 506 persons per Km2• In the region the rural populatllon are mostly engaged in cultivation, forestry and animal husbnandary. The villages are located in the form of scatter. In the region mainly in the bnd lying near the river Tista, tobacco is grown abundantly and paddy, jute and tobacco are the main crops. In Raniganj a variety but of good quality jute is grown in abandance.

2. Division No. 1. Raniganj Alluvium, Orthents- The region covers the area lying in 1.4.2.2 2. Jalpaiguri Old Alluvium, Ochrepts, between river Tista on the West and Central Duars 3. Mal Laterite. Aquepts- Dudua on tht~ east. 4. Mitiali Siwalik The region is 5. Dhupguri System Ochrepts, sloping from south. north-west to 6. Maynaguri and Ochrepts- south direction. The hills lying on the 7. Nagrakata unclassified Fluvents. north bordering the alluvial plain have Upper a gentle slope but steep in the interior. Tertiary formation, The altitude ranges from 250 to 1000 Lower metres in this region. The northern Gondwana border is formed by the areas of Bhutan System and Darjiling district. 93 1 2 3 4 5 6 The C. D. Blocks of Mal, Mitiali, N agrakata which are lying in between 500 to 1000 metres high and forms the northern parts of the region.

In the region, the three prominent rivers viz. Tista" Jaldakha, and Dudua are flowing with a number of tributaries. In respect of river system, the Tista has already been explained in Region No. 1(1.4.2.1). The Jaldhaka which originates from the Bitang Lake area at Sikkim at an altitude of 4420 metres and flows through Sikkim, Bhutan, West Bengal and Bangladesh than falls in to the Brahamaputra.

The current of J aldhaka is very swift which rises and falls abruptly. The Murti flowing down from the Dalinkot mountains in the DaIjiling district and the Dinah which rises in the Bhutan hills are the main tributaries of . The Dinah falls into the Jaldhaka on its east bank and frequently changes its course which affected the cultivation and road system of the n~gion. The Dudua river which limits th(~ regional boundary line on the east is formed by the combined waters of tht~ Goerkata, Nanai, Angrabhasha and other small streams which rise from the border hills on the north-west of the Duars.

The region presents the type of Tropical moist deciduous and Tropical semi-evergreen forests. These are mostly concentrated on the north-western parts of the region. In these forests Sal, Sissoo, shurbs and jungle creepers are grown abundantly. Whereas the tall grasses, shrubby plants and trees are grown on the river beds which attributes the Savannah type of vegetation.

The region has 1,042,126 persons of which 90.15 per cent are found in rural areas and 9.85 per cent in urban areas. There are 333, 735 (32.02 per cent) main workers, 24, 263 (2.33 per cent) marginal workers and 684, 128 94 2 3 4 5 6 (65.65 per cent) non-workers of which 302, 206 (29.00 per cent) main workers, 23, 636 (2.27 per cent) mar- ginal workers and 613,599 (58.88 per cent) non-workers and 31, 529 (3.03 per cent) main workers, 627 (0.06 per cent) marginal workers and 70, 529 (6.76 per cent) non-workers are shown both in rural and urban ar- eas. Of the total population, 412, 079 (39.54 per cent) Scheduled castes and 266, 586 (25.58 per cent) Scheduled tribes are recorded.

In this region, there are 6 urban centres having a density of 1, 703 persons per Km2• Dhubguri and Mainaguri are the two important towns which maintain a good communication system connecting all the urban centres and other parts of the region. The rural areas are characterised with a sparse population and it has a density of 381 persons per Km2. The rural areas presf:nt a higher literacy rate (26.46 per cent) than urban areas (5.74 per cent). Many tea estates are found in the northem up-lands of Mitiali, Nagrakata and Banarhat C. D. Blocks. The main crops of the region are paddy, jute, tobacco and tea. Jute and tobacco are grown in the Tista region on the West.

3. Division No. 1.Dhupguri Alluvium, Udalfs- The region extends from the river 1.4.2.3 2.Madarihat Older Ochrepts, Dudua on the west to the river Sankosh Eastern Duars 3.Falakata Alluvium, Orthents- on the east which becomes the state 4.Alipurduar-I Laterite, 5.Alipurduar-II Siwalik Ochrepts, boundary. In the region the Torsa, the 6. System Aquepts- Alai-Kuri- Dinah, the Raidak (Rayak) 7.Kalchini and Ochrepts, and the Sankosh are the three prominent unclassified Ochrepts- rivers flowing with a number of Upper Fluvents. tributaries. The Torsa originates in the Tertiary Chumbi valley in Southern Tibet at an formations, Buxa elevation of 7060 metres and flows Group, through Bhutan and enters the district. Dalingancl The Alaikuri rises from Bhutan hills RongH and after a south-easternly course joins groups of the Dinah at Al ipur Duar. The Raidak Drujiling originates close to Mount Chomolahri Himalayas. in Tibet. It flows towards the south then forms a laIge island by throwing off a branch stream called the Mainagaon N adi at that point where it enters the distlict. The region slopes 95 1 2 3 4 5 6 from north to south. The centra] portion which lies in between the ranges of altitudes varying from 250 to 500 metres, whereas the northern part near the foot-hills bordering Bhutan rises up to 1000 metres.

The region is also under the coverage ofTropical Moist deciduous forests. The types of sub-tropical wet deciduous forests are distributed over the small tract along the border of Bhutan. On the hills slopes the broad leave trees are growing in abundance. The reserved forests with small patches of cultivated lands can be seen in these areas. Many forest belts distributed in between the Dinah and the Sankosh rivers. In the mountainous tract of Buxa area, extensive tracts of Sal and Sissoo and other types of trees are grown.

The region has a total population of 1, 131, 776 persons in an area of 2667.30 Kro2 comprising 341 villages and 8 urban cl~ntres. There are 358, 358 (31.66 per cent) ~ workers, 26, 560 (2.35 per cent) marginal workers and 746, 858 (65.99 per cent) non­ workers ofwbich the rural areas have presented 28.26 per cent of main workers, 2.29 per cent of marginal workers and 57.11 per cent of non­ workers and the urban areas recorded 3.40 per cent of main workers, 0.05 per cent of marginal workers and 8.88 per cent of non-workers. The region has 30.24 per cent of Scheduled castes and 26.20 per cent of Scheduled tribes and also presented 36.88 per cent of literates. In the rural areas the density of population is 380 persons per Km2 and 2, 551 persons per Km2 in the urban areas. The villages are distributed very sprasely in the region. Most of thl~ urban centres are connected by roads, railways and Highways.

96 DISTRICT DARJU,ING REGIONAL DIVISIONS

The district of Darjiling is extended in between 26"27' 10" and 27°13'05" North latitudes and 87°59'30" and 88°53'00. East longitudes. The district is bounded in the north by Slkkim, in the westby the , in the east by Bhutan wd Jalpaiguri district. The district forms a part of D.arjiling Himalayas including Duars of the Regional Divisions (1.4.2).

The district has a total population of 1, 299, 919 of which 903, 859 persons (69.53 per cent) reside in the rural areas and 396, 060 persons (30.47 per cent) in the urban areas. Regarding the working population the district has 438,248 (:3.71 per cent) main workers 6, 599 (0.51 per cent) marginal workers and 855, 072 (65.78 per cent) non-workers. The Scheduled castes and Scheduled tr:_bes have recorded 16.15 per cent and 13.78 I?er cent respectively. The literacy rate is 48.97 per cent. The district has 710 villages and 9 urban centres in 10 C. D. Blocks. The distreict comprises a portion of the outlying hills of the lower Himalayas and a stretch of territory lying along their base known as the Terai. The elevation of the district ranges from300 to 3000 metres (in approz) above the sea level and characterised by its physical configuration, drainage pattern and geological structure. The district is drained by a number of prominent rivers viz. the Tista. the Great Ranjit, the Mechi, the Balasan and the Jaldhaka. The geological structures of the district are of recent, Pleistocene (Sub-Recent), Miocene-pliocene, Carboniferous-permian and Archaean. ThE: soils are Orthents­ Aquepts-Ochrepts, Orthents-Ochrepts, Aquept5-0chrepts and Ochrepts-Fluvents.

On the basis of geology, soil, topography, climate and natural vegetation llhe district is divided into the following five sub-micro regions.

1..4.2.1 - Darjiling Himalayas

The region is hilly and extends in the northern part of the district. The hill ranges run in north­ west to south-east alingment and its elevation 'Iaries from 400 to 3000 metres. Along the northern b::mndary of the region the Great Ranjit flows in a very deep valley towards tht~ east and falls in the Tista.

The region is covered by the forests of the sub-tropical and temperate types. In these forests Sal, Oak, Laurel, Chestnut and Pine trees are found growing. On the hill slopes and the Darjiling Spur, many tea gardens are found. Recently for:ned soils, shallow black, brown and alluvial soils are found in the region. The region has 113 villages and 2 towns in 5 C. D. Blocks. It has a total population of 333, 783 of which 221, 889 pernons (66.48 per cent) are in rural areas and 111, 894 persons (33.52 per cent) in the urban areas. Th~ region has the rural density of 298 persons per Km2 and the urban density of 5,813 persons per Km2 within an area of 762.60 Km2. There are 32.27 per cent of main workers, 0.66 per cent of marginal workers and 67.07 per cent of non-workers of the total population in the region. Both the Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes constitute 8.11 per cent and 12.12 per cent respectively. The literacy rate is 55.63 per cent of the total population.

1.4.2.2. - Kurseong Range

The region extends between the highlands on the porth and the plains of the Terai on the south. The on the west and the Tista river on the east fo,rm the limits of Regional boundary. This region slopes from north to south and its altitude ranges from 300 to 1800 metres approximately above the sea level. The region has the sub-tropical moist deciduous type offorests. Recently formed soils, shallow black, brown and alluvial soils occur in this region. On the slopes and ridges sal grows abundantly. The region has 238, 800 persons in an area 667.30 Km2.. Of the total population, the region recorded 80.17 percent in the rural area:; and 19.83 percent in the urban areas. In the region, tbe main workers, marginal workers and non-workers constitute 31.49 per cent, 0.66 per cent and 67.85 per cent. Whereas the Scheduled castes md Scheduled tribes have recorded 7.59 per cent and S.25 per cent. In case of literacy, there is 53.22 per cent of literates. In the region there are 118 'Villages and 3 urban centres in 6 C. D. blocks. The density of population is 300 persons per Km2 in the rural areas and 1603 persons per Km2. in urban areas. 97 1.4.2.3 - KaJimpong Range.

The region lies on the south-east of DarjiIing Himalayas and extends from the Tista river on the w<~st to the laldhaka river on the east. The region is characterised by the presence of rising hills, numerous rivers and small torrents. The region falls in 3 C. D. Blocks comprisjng 92 villages and 1 urban centre. The general slope of the region is towards south and its altitude ranges from 300 to 3000 metres above the mean sea level. The sub-trop] cal semi-evergreen type of forests are existed in the region. Recently formed soils, shallow block, brown and alluvial soils occur predominently. The 2 region has 101,745 persons in an area of 885.20 Km • Of the total population, 98, 648 persons (96.96 per cent) and 3, 097 persons (3.04 per cent) are recorded in the rural and urban areas respectively. The region has the density of 112 persons per Km2 and 3, 823 persons per Km2 both in rural and urban areas respectively. Regarding the working popUlation there are 38.98 per cent of main workers, 0.87 percent of marginal workers and 60.15 per cent of non-workers. The area claims for 5.71 per cent of Scheduled castes and 17.70 percent of Scheduled tribes. Whereas the literacy rate is 43.74 per cent of the region.

1.4.2.4 - Western Duars.

The region seems to be flat and is sloping from north to south as evident by the flow of the ri verso The Mechi river flows along the regional boundary on the west and the Balasan river traverses along the north-eastern parts of the region. The general elevation rises from 80 to 300 metres. There is a lower range called LoharghurlLoharger or Iron Hill which is covered by a dense terru forest. This prominent hill range extends in the north~westem part of the region. Recently fonned alluvial soils and shallow black and brown soils are found in the region. There are 351, 088 persons inhabited in 342 v llages and 3 urban centres. Of the total popUlation, 297, 371 persons (55.99 percent) live in the rural areas and 233, 717 persons (44.01 percent) in the urban areas. The literacy rate is 47.75 per cent. The region has the rural density of 452 persons per Km2 and the urban density of 6, 550 persons per Km2 wspectively. There are 34.52 per cent of main workers, 0.34 per cent of marginal workers and 65.14 per cent of non-workers. The percentage of Scheduled castes (23.67 per cent) is higher than Scheduled tribes (15.95 per cent).

1.4.2.5. - Mahananda Tract.

The region extends in the extreme south-east corner of Darjiling district having the smallest area of 195.40 Km2. The region is a continuation of the western Duars towards the south and some local heights between 100 and 150 metres can be seen in this area. The Mahan.:tnda is the only main river flowing along the boundary line of the region. The river beds are shallow and wide. Recently formed brown soils, shallow black, brown and alluvial soils are found in the region. The alluvium of the river beds consists oflayers of sand, silt and clay. The region has the smallest number of 45 villages and 2 C. D. Blocks, which are entirely rural. It has a total population of 94,503 with a density of 484 persons per Kml. While considering the working population, the region has recorded 34.24 per cent of main workers, 0.13 per cent of marginal workers and 65.63 per cent of non-workers. Comparatively the percentage of Scheduled c lStes (35.07 per cent) is more than Scheduled tribes (24.79 per cent). As regards literacy rate, the region has recorded 27.14 per cent of literate.

98 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 21 GEOLOG Y SOIL WEST BENGAL 1<0010 0 10 ~"'" L..k:' ! , , r DISTRICT DARJILING CENSUS CODE 03 REGIONAL DIYISIONS

C.O BLOCK OARJEELING PULDIIZAR .2h!!Q_ I ~ BOUMlARY , fITERN ATIONAI.. ." ...... _._._.- /..... '7 STATE DISTRICT (_) •• ... _._.,.-.~.- " " POLICE ST .. TION ,. C. D. BLOCK

VILLAGE HAVNG (>000 »IJ ABOVE POPULATION •

URBAN ~f:A ... '" ... ~ HA TlONA1. HGHWAY NH 31

STATE HIGHWAY I IMPORH.NT METAl.LED ROAD. . • __S~H!!!I2~ ___ os RAl.WAv UN£ WITH STATION, METRE: GAuGE ••• I I I I I IIij! I I I I I

RA1.WAY LINE wmI STATION, .NARROW GAUGE ... I I I • U~ ••••

RI'llER , ...... , .. ~

REGIONAL. OI\1lSlONS • .. 1. , . 2. t. Itt t I I I I MACRO ... .. ·1 I I I , I I DARJILlNG"HIJotALAYAS MESO .., 1-~+lC- , I 1.4.2.2 KURSEONG RANGE P

1.4.2.3 KALlhlPONG RANGE SUB-"'JCRO WITIi BOUM:lARY ... [READ TIE SEou:HCE Of REGICJNAl. 0MSI1lHS 1.4.2.4 WESTERN DUARS RESERVED FOREST WITH NAME ... ~: :: :: ~~~ ~.~; . :: :~ :: WITH IlEFEll£NCE TO AU. tIDIA MN' CODES trTO 3 TER) 1.4.2.5 MAHANANOA TRACT

TA.BLE 1 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS District : DARJILING Census Location Code So. 03 State : WEST BENGAL

No. of No. of T Area in T Population R.egion No. ViUagesin towns in R KJl)z. R and Name each each U U Persons Males Females region region [ 1 2 3 4 5 (I 7 8 9

l.4.2.1 113 2 T 76~.60 T 333783 171901 161882 :)lIljiling R 74:.35 R 221889 1I·U65 107724 ::IimaJayas C g'.25 U 111894 57736 54158

1.4.2.2 118 3 T 66~.30 T 238800 121756 117044 Kurseong R 63~ .76 R 191448 97154 94294 :~ange C 2~'.54 U 47352 24602 22750

1.4.2.3 92 T 88~ .20 T 101745 52552 49193 Kalimpong R 88<.39 R 98648 50880 47768 :~ange U (1.81 U 3097 1672 1425

l.4.2.4 342 3 T 69= .. 90 T 531088 283300 247788 Western R 657.22 R 297371 155311 142060 :i)uars U 3~,.68 U 233717 12'7989 105728

1.4.2.5 45 T 19~'.40 T 94503 49814 44689 :~ahananda R 19~ .40 R 94503 4')814 44689 Tract U U

*The summation of the area figures of the Police Statiom under each district will not tally with r.he concerned district area ''igures because the former represent those supplied by the State Director of Land Records and Survey While the later represents Ihose supplied by the Surveyor General, India.

HBLE2 REGIONWISE VILLAGE CODES, 1991 Dilltrlct : DARJILING Census Loution Code No. 03 State ; WEST BENGAL

Location Total Nv·, of Area of Regional livision Code No. or Villages Division in K.m1 lumber C.D. Block Census Remarks od Name Villages ore.D. In as per 1991 Block :Division Total Rural Urban 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1.4.2.1 Jorebunglow 2t04ofP.S 113 762.60 743.35 19.25 LC I is shown in P.S. Pulbazer. Dlljiling Sukiapokhri Sukiapokhri 2 Towns LC 8 to 12, 15 are in Region No. 1.4.2.2 Himalayas I to 7,13, 14,16 of P.S. !O Jore Bunglow

Darjeeling 1 to 21 of P.S 21 LC 23 Urbanised. Pulbazar Pulbazar. 1 to 22,24 to 27 28 of P.S. Drujiling

Rangli 1 to 20, 22 LC 21 i; in Region No. 1.4.2.2 Rangliot 22,23

Kalimpong-l 26,49 to 55 8 LC 28 t) 48 are in Region No. 1.4.2.3 LC 56 Urbanised.

Kalimpong-n 1 to 14, 19 to 22 LC 15 t,) 18 are in Region No. 1.4.2.3 25,27 101 C 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1.4.2.2 Jorebunglow 5 to 18 of P.S 14 118 667.30 637.76 29.54 LC 13, 14 and 16 are in Region No. Kuneong Sukiapolchri Suldapokri 1.4.2.1 RIIlgt 8 to 12, 15, 17 19 3 Towns to 29 of P.S Jorebunglow

Rangli 21.24 to 26, LC 22. 23 are in Region No. 1.4.2.1 Rangliot 28 to 30 LC 27 included in LC 15 of P.S. of P.S Jorebunglow as per D.C.H.

Kalimpong • [ 74 to 78, 91 6 LC 79 to 90 are in Region No. 1.4.2.3

Kuneong 1 to 8, 10 to 55 LC 9, 31 are Urbanised LC 17 to 22, 16,23 to 27, 28 to 30, 32 are in Region No. 1.4.2.4 33 to 67

Mirik 1 to 15 15

Siliguri- 1,2 of 2 LC 3 to 86 are in Region 1.4.2.4 Matigara P.S.

1.4.2.3 Gorubatban 1 to 38 38 92 885.20 884.39 0.81 Kalimpong J Town Range

Kalimpong - I 28,40 to 42, 37 Part of LC 45 falls in C.D. Block 45(Part) to 48, Kalimp(lng - IT, LC56 Urbanised. 57 to 73. 79 LC 49 to 55 are in Region 1.4.2.1 to 90 LC 74 to 78 are in Region No. 1.4.2.2

Kalirnpong - II 15 to 18, 29 to 11 LC 19 to 27 are in Region No. 1.4.2.1 39,43 to 45 The LC 45 located partly in Kalimpong (part) I & IT iI; counted in Kalimpong-I as a one village.

14.2.4 · 3t0860f 84 342 692.90 657.22 35.68 LC 70 llartly Urbanised. Western Naxalbari Matigara P.S 3 Thwns LC 93 Urbanised. [:uars 1 to 92. 94 10 104 of 103 LC 105 is in Region No. 1.4.2.5 Naxalbari P.S.

Kharibari- 1 to 76 of P.S. 145 1 to 45, 50 to LC 46 to 49, 71, 73 to 75. 77 to 84 70, 72, 76, 85 are in Region No. 1.4.2.5 of Phansidewa P.S.

Kurseong 17 to 22, 28 to 10 LC 23 10 27 are in Region No. 1.4.2.2 30.32 LC 31 Urbanised.

1.4.2.5 Siliguri· 105 of Naxalbari 45 195.40 195.40 Mabananda Naxalbari P.S. Tract Kharibari 46 to 49, 71, 73 44 LC 50 10 70, 72, 76. 85, are in Phansidewa to 75, n to 84, Region No. 1.4.2.4 86 to 113 of Phansidewa P.S.

102 TABLE 3 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - TOTAL District : DARJILING Census Location Code No. 03 State : WEST BENGAL

egion No. Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers Id Name Main Workers . Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females PersoDs I Males I Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 I 9 I 10

1.4.2.1 107696 72217 35479 2214 913 1301 223873 98771 125102 DaIjiJing Himalayas

1.4.2.2 75198 46369 28829 1579 570 1009 162023 74817 87206 Kurseong Range

J .4.2.3 39656 25636 14020 889 152 737 61200 26764 34436 Kalimpong Range

: .4.2.4 183336 147223 36113 1795 726 1069 345957 135351 210606 Western ])uars

1..4.2.5 32362 26288 6074 122 48 74 62019 23478 38541 Mabananda Tract

TABLE 4 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - RURAL Dilitrict : DARJILING Censns Location Code No. 03 State : WEST BENGAL

~egion No. Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers nd Name Main Workers Marginal Workers NOD-Workers PersoDs.1 Males I Females Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 I 9 I 10

1.4.2.1 79525 49357 30168 1952 705 1247 140412 64103 76309 Darjiling liimalayas

1.4.2.2 63938 37480 26458 1346 423 923 126164 59251 66913 Kurseong :~ange

l.4.2.3 38813 24855 13958 889 152 737 58946 25873 33073 Kalimpong Range

1.4.2.4 106622 78807 27815 1313 434 879 189436 76070 113366 Western Duars

1.4.2.5 32362 26288 6074 122 48 74 62019 23478 38541 Mahananda Tract

103 nBLE 5 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - URBAN Di:itricl : DARJILING Census Location Code No. 03 State : WEST BENGAL

Total Main WOI'kers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers tegion No. nd Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males 1 Females Persons I Males I Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 1 6 _l 7 8 I 9 I 10

1.4.2.1 28171 22860 5311 262 208 54 83461 34668 48793 )arjiling :IimaJayas

l.4.2.2 11260 8889 2371 233 147 86 35859 15566 20293 Kurseong ~ange

1.4.2.3 843 781 62 0 0 0 2254 891 1363 Kalimpong Range

1.4.2.4 76714 68416 8298 482 292 190 156521 59281 97240 Western Duars

1.4.2.5 )1ahananda Tract

TABLE 6 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS District : DARJILING Census Location Code No. 63 State : WEST BENGAL

T Literates T Scheduled Castes T legion No_ Scheduled Tribes R R R 1Dd Name U U U Persons I Males IFemales :[»ersons I Males IFemales Persons I Males IFemales 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 16 11 12 13

1.4.2.1 T 185681 108402 77279 T 27062 13737 13325 T 40467 20673 19794 Darjiling R 103757 63376 40381 R 12595 6352 6243 R 24945 12838 12107 Himalayas U 81924 45026 36898 U 14467 7385 7082 U 15522 7835 7687

1.4.2.2 T 127096 76174 50922 T 18129 9296 8833 T 12541 6476 6065 Kurseong R 94200 57482 36718 R 12038 6084 5954 R 9533 4956 4577 Range U 32896 18692 14204 U 6091 3212 2879 U 3008 1520 1488

1.4.2.3 T 44505 27362 17143 T 5807 2987 2820 T 18013 9211 8802 Kalimpong R 42759 26282 16477 R 5334 2722 2612 R 17901 9149 8752 Range U 1746 1080 666 U 473 265 208 U 112 62 50

1.4.2.4 T 253604 156690 96914 T 125734 65975 59759 T 84700 43348 41352 Western R 102383 67706 34677 R 100876 52612 48264 R 82907 42383 40524 Duars U 151221 88984 62237 U 24858 13363 11495 U 1793 965 828

1.4.2.5 T 25651 18620 7031 T 33144 17492 15652 T 23432 12068 11364 Mahananda R 25651 18620 7031 R 33144 17492 15652 R 23432 12068 11364 Tract U - U U

104 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO~CULTURAL DETAILS District: DARJILING Census Location Code No. 03 State: West Bengal S1. No.and name of Administrative No. the Regional Divisions Geology Soils Physio~Cultural Characteristics Divisions (c. D. Blocks) 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Division No. 1. Jorebunglow- Dalingand Orthents- Tbe region IS hilly in charac.ter and 1.4.2.1 Sukiapokhri Rangli Ochrepts. covers most portion of the district. Drujiling 2. Darjiling- Groups of There are no flat valley or plains, no Himalayas Pulbazar Darjiling cultural landscape except where 3. Rangli- Himalayas, virgin forests have yielded place to Rangliot Drujiling tea gardens or terraced fields. The group of 4. Kalimpong~I hill ranges ext,~nd from north-west to Gneiss and 5. Kalimpong-II south-east alignment and throughout meta- southward spurs. In the region the sediments. elevation ranges from 400 metres to 3000 metres in the north-west corner. Many hill peaks are concentrated in the north-west. The Great Ranjit tlows in a deep valley west to east and falls into the Tista river. The Kalimpong Dome with its radial drainage pattern, the Tista region and Darjiling Spur are the remarkable 2.ones. The Darjiling town is located on this Darjiling Spur.

The sub-tropical and temperate wet forest tyP(~S are distributed in this region. The Middle Hill forests ranging from 757 to 1, 666 metres and the Upper Hill forests occuring between 1600 to 2800 metres are the two prominent hill forests in this area. The greater part of Darjiling falls in the northern wet temperate forests zone characterised by the coniferous and alpine trees. Sal trees are growing on the ridges and spurs. Sal, Oak, Laurels and Chestnuts are grown in these forest areas. Many tea gardens are flourished on the slopes on the hills.

The region has a total popUlation of333,738inanareaof762.60Km2. The rural and the urban popUlation have accounted for 66.48 per cent and 33.52 per cent respectively. There are 55.63 per cent of literates of which 31.09 per cent and 24.54 per cent are presented both in rural and urban areas. The region bas 32.27 per cent of main workers, 0.66 per cent of marginal workers and 67.07 per cent 105 1 2 3 4 5 6 ofnon~workers of which 23.83 per cent of main workers, 0.58 per cent of marginal workers and 42.07 per cent of non-workers are shown in the rural areas whereas 8.44 per cent of main workers, 0.08 per cent of marginal workers and 25.00 per cent of non-workers are recorded in the urban areas. There are 8.11 per cent of Scheduled castes and 12.12 per cent of Scheduled tribes in the region. In view of the density of population, the region has 298 persons per Km2 in the rural areas and 5813 persons per Km2 in the urban areas. Darjiling and Kalimpong are the two important urban centres in the region. Darjiling town is connected by road and railway line of narrow gauge while the Kalimpong to\lVIJ is connected by road only. There is a poor communication system and the villages are distributed on the hill slopes very sparsely. The inhabitants are mainly depend upon forestry and terrace cultivation.

2. Division No. 1. Jorebunglow- Lower Orthents- The region extends to the south of 1.4.2.2 SUkiapokhri Gandwana Ochrepts, Darjiling Himalayas between the Kurseong 2. Rangli- system Dating Aquepts- highlands on the north and the plains Range. Rangliot and Rangli Ochrepts, of the terai on the south. The 3. Kalimpong-I Groups of Ochrepts- elevation of this region ranging from 4. Kurseong Darjiling Fluvents. 300 to 1800 metres above the mean 5. Mink Himalaya, sea level and sloping from north to 6. Siliguri - Darjiling south. There are a number of lower Naxalbari Group of hill peaks and other heights. gneisses and meta- In view of river system, the Tista sediments. and Meehl flow on the east and west and demarcates the region. The Balasan River is flowing in the central part of the region and the Meehi river which demarcates the western boundary in the south- western parts of the area. These two rivers originate from the Singbalia Range on the west. A number tributaries and hill streams from the northern upland fall into them and drained the region.

In view of distribution of forests, it can be divided into the Lower Hills Forests upto 100 metres and Middle Hill Forests upto 1800 metres in 106 2 3 4 5 6 heights. In these forest areas, Sal trees with other sUb-tropical moist deciduous types of trees are grown in plenty on the lidges and slopes of the hills. Bamboos are also growing on slopes and in the deep narrow gorge areas.

According to 1991 Census, the region has 238, 800 persons. Of the total population, 31.49 per cent of main workers, 0.66 per cent of marginal workers and 67.85 per cent of non-workers are found of which 26.77 per cent of main workers, 0.56 per cent of marginal workers and 52.83 per cent of non-workers and 4.72 per cent of main workers, 0.01 per cent of marginal workers and 15.02 per cent of non-workers are presented both in rural and urban areas respectively. The Scheduled castes and Seheduled tribes have recorded 7.59 per cent and 5.25 per cent in the region. Regarding the literacy rate, the rural areas recorded 39.45 per cent and the urban areas 13.78 per cent. The Kurseong (M) and Cart Road (NM) are the two important urban centres in the region and accounts fix 19.83 per cent of the total population. Whereas the villages are distributed very sparsely and thinly populated which constitutes 80.17 per cent in the rural areas. The region has an area of 667.30 Km2 and density of 300 persons per Km2 in rural and 1, 603 persons p(~r Km2 in urban areas respectively. The Kurseong (M) and Cart Riad (NM) are connected by the state Highway No. 12A and railway line of metre gauge. Kutcha roads mainly connect the rural villages. Many tea gardens are found flourished in Sukiapokri and Rangli Rangliot areas of the region. The villagers are depending on cultivation and working in tea gardens for their livehood.

3. Division No. 1. Gurubathan Daling and Orthents- The region lies to the south-east of 1.4.2.3 2. Kalimpong-I Rangli Ochrepts, Darjiling Himalayas from the river Kalimpong 3. Kalimpong-II Groups of Ochrepts- Jaldhaka on the east and characterised Range. Darjiling Fluvents. by its rising hills, numerous rivers and Himalaya. small torrents. The Riehl La Spur is 107 1 2 3 4 5 6 Darjiling about 3000 metres high of which it Groupef is almost virgin at 1, 800 metres and gneiss and above and all the settlements are found meta­ below this elevation. The region sediments. generally SlOpf:S towards the south. The laldhaka valley is flanked and unlike the Tista gorge and its floor become very wide. The elevation of the region ranges from 300 to 3000 metres above the mean sea level.

The growth of vegetation of the region is greatly influenced by the climatic condition and developed the sub-tropical forests with broad leaved trees growing in abundance. The IrOpical semi evergreen forest type also is found in the north-eastern parts and other adjoining areas ofthe region. In the region, th,e Middle Hill Forests found in Darjiling and Daling series which form a rich sandy loam. Whereas the upper Hill Forests are flourished with Laurels and Oak trees growing in plenty. In Kalimpong Range, Sal trees grow up to 1000 metres high from the foothill. The climbers and bamboos are the common species of the region.

The region has 101, 745 persons of which 96.96 per cent are found in the rural areas and distributed sparsely and scattered in the region. There are 38.98 per cent of main workers, 0.87 per cent of marginal workers and 60.15 per cent of non-workers of which 38.15 per cent of main workers, 0.87 per cent of marginal workers and 57.93 per cent of non-workers are recorded in the rural a.reas whereas, in the urban areas there is no marginal workers and presented 0.83 per cent of main workers and 2.22 per cent of non-workers. Of the total population, 5.71 percent of Scheduled castes and 17 .70 per cent of Scheduled tribes are found in the region. In case of literacy rate, 42.03 percent and 1.72 per cent are presented bot~ in rural and urban areas. The laldhaka Hydel Power Project Town is the only the urban centre of the region having 3, 097 persons which accounts for 3.04 per 108 1 2 3 4 5 6 cent of the total population. This Hydel Power Project is built on J aldhaka and become very important in the northern region of the state. The region has an area of 885.20 Km2 and its density of population both in rural and urban are 112 persons per Km2 and 3, 823 persons per Km2respectively. The state highway No. 12 is the only main road that passes through this region.

4. Division No. 1. Siliguri - Alluvium, Aquepts- The region is lying in between 1.4.2.4 Naxalbari Older Ochrepts, 26c30' and 26045' North latitudes and Western Duars. 2. Kharibari - Alluvium, Orthents- 88 0 and 88°30' East longitudes. Phansidewa Laterite Ochrepts, Physiographically the' region 3. Kurseong Siwalik Ochrepts- comprises a plain portion and sloping system and Fluvents. from north to south. The rivers are unclassified meandering and their beds are sandy. upper tertiary The pattern of human settlements formations, become linear from north to south. Lower There is no big streams which is liable Gondwana to sudden floods except a few ox bow system Daling lakes along the Meehl and the Chenga. and Rangli The general elevation ranges from 80 Groups of Darjiling metres to 300 metres towards the Himalaya. north. The "LoharghurILohargar" or Iron Hill which is covered with dense forest extends in the north eastern comer of this region.

The Mechi river forms the Indo- Nepal Boundary in the west and at an altitude of 1900 metres to the south of the west facing Rangbang Spur of the Singalia Range through a deep gorge. The Meehl passes through Iron Hill which lies in a dense forest and joins the Mahananda further south beyond the district border. The region mainly drained by the Meehl, the Balasan and other numerous streams. The Balasan rises from Lepchajagat peak on the Ghum Saddle. It flows towards the south almost parallel to 88°15" east, till it reaches the plains at an altitude of300 metres. When the Terai it turns into two channels viz. (i) New Balasan and (ii) Old Bal~an. the New balasan which joins the Mahanadi just below Siliguri and the Old Balasan which continuous towards south and then it overshoots the: district boundary and joins the Mahanandi river. 109 1 2 3 4 5 6 As per 1991 Census, the region has 531,088 persons, 55.99 per cent are found in rural areas and 44.01 per cent in urban urban areas. Regarding the working population. 34.52 per cent of main workers, 0.34 per cent of marginal work(~rs and 65.14 per cent of non-workers are found in the region. Comparatively, higher proportions of main workers (20.07 per cent), marginal workers (0.25 per cent) and non-workers (35.67 per cent) are recorded in the rural areas whereas lower proportions of main workers (14.44 per cent). marginal workers (0.09 per cent) and non-workers (29.47 per cent) are shown in the urban areas. In the region the Scheduled casws and Scheduled tribes have presented 23.67 per cent and 15.95 per cent respectively. There are 19.28 per cent and 28.47 per cent of literates both in rural and urban areas. The region has an area of 692.90 Km2. the density of urban population is 6, 550 persons per Km2 and the rural density is 452 persons per Km2. Uttar (NM), Siliguri (M) and (NM) are the three urban centres. The roads. StateINational Highways and railways connect all the main centres of the region.

5. Division No. 1. Siliguri - Alluvium Orthents­ The region is the smallest among 1.4.2.5 Naxalbari Aquepts­ the regions of the district. It is the Mahananda 2. Kharibari - Ochrepts. continuation of the "Western Duars" Tract. Phansidewa. which is mort: alluvial towards the south. The physiographic chateristics are almost similar to that of western Duars as explained in S1. No. 4 (1.4.2.4). The region exhibits some spot heights of which minimum and maximum are recorded as 100 metres and 150 metres. The Mahananda is the main river in the region. It flows throughout the boundary region so it is called Mahananda Tract. The Mahananda has its source near the Mahaldiram Dome east of Kurseong and flows towards south-east. It receives many tributaries on the left and right banks. The river attains its full width only after it passes the terai portion. The Balasan river is found 110 1 ____~2~ ______~3~ ______4______~5 ______6______on its right bank just below Siliguri and than takes a wide meander over the wide bed. In the region, the features of gullying also can be seen on the valley sides.

The nature of slope is more or less concave shape:. Below Phansidewa Hat, where the river is known as Mahananda. The flat plain consist of fine alluvium often exceeds a thickness of the depth of the river channel. Below the finer alluvium there are coarser materials carried by the streams and deposited at various points.

Being a smallest region in the Darjiling district with an area of 195.40 2 Km , there are only 45 villages. The region is entirely rural with a population of 94, 503 and the density of population is only 484 persons per Km2 and having 27.14 per cent of literates. There are 34.24 per cent of main workers, 0.13 per cent of marginal workers and 65.63 per cent of non-workers within the area. In considering about the Scheduled castes and S,:::heduled tribes, this region has presented 35.07 per cent and 24.79 per cent respectively. The region is thinly populated and Phansidewa is the P. S. headquarters. It is connected by only one road with Siliguri. The National Highway No. 31 passes through this region, however it does not touch any important centre of the region.

111 DISTRICT KOCH BIHAR REGIONAL DIVISIONS

The district of Koch Bihar extends between 25°57'56" and 26°32'46" North latitudes and 88°45'02" and 89°52'00" East longitudes. The district is bordered in the north and most part of the west by the district of Jalpaiguri, in the south, south-east and east by Bangladesh and the state of Assam. The dhtrict is a part of the micro region Barind Tract (2.6.3).

In 1991, the district has a total population of 2,171,145 of which 2,001,648 (92.19 percent) live in the rural areas and 169, 497 (7.81 per cent) in the urban areas. Regarding the working population, the district has 663, 424 (30.55 per cent) main workers, 34, 458 (1.59 per cent) marginal workers and 1, 473, 263 (67.86 per cent) non-workers. In terms of percentages, the Scheduled castes have presented 51.76 per cent, whereas the Scheduled tribes have recorded only 0.6 t per cent. The literacy rate is 37.13 per cent. The district has an area of 3385.40 Km2 which accounts for 3.81 percent of the tOLai area of the state of West Bengal (88, 752.0 Km2). The district has 12 C. D. Blocks comprising 1168 villages and 9 urban centres.

In view of river system, the district is drained by Tista, Jaldhaka, Dharia, Mora Torsa, Kaljini and RoydaklRaidakrivers flowing from north-west to south-east. These rivers mostly rise in the Himalayas an.d enter the district from the western Duars of the district of Jalpaiguri. Flowing through this district these rivers enter into Bangladesh. The district is almost flat with a slight south-eastern slope and noticed some areas are to be so low and inundated. Topographically, in the district there is no hill and gIeater areas of it are under cultivation.

The district is formed of recent age. The soils are sub-order associations of Udalfs - Ochrepts, Orthents - Aquepts - Ochrepts, Aquepts - Ochrepts and Ochrepts -Fluvents.

On the basis of geology, soils, topography, climate and natural vegetation, the district has been di.vided into two sub-micro regions, viz.:-

1.6.3.1. - West Koch Bihar Plain.

The region covers the western part of the dis:rict. It is a flat alluvial land and the height ranges from 45 to 53 metres approximately. The Jaldhaka river forms the eastern boundary line and divides the district into two parts. The greater part of the region is cultivated and most probably covered with green fields. The region is sloping slightly towards the south-east where the river Jaldhaka flows. The soils are shallow block, brown and alluvial.

The region has a total population of 570, 7·n of which 96.66 percent are found in the rural areas and 3.34 percent in the urban areas. Considerably in the region, there are 31.39 per cent of main workers, 1.23 per cent of marginal workers and 67.38 per cent of non-workers. The percentage of S.cheduled castes (65.22 per cent) is higher than Scheduled tribes (0.30per cent). The literacy rate is 29.90 per cent. There are 5 C. D. Blocks comprising 409 villages and 2 urban centres within an area of 1073.20 Km2. The rural density is 517 persons per Km2 and the urban density is 3,579 persons per K1l12 in the region.

2:.6.3.2. - East Koch Bihar plain.

The region is a flat alluvial land and covers the eastern half of the district. The elevation of the region ranges from 35-45 metres approximately and the region is slopping towards south-east along which the rivers flow. The Jaldhaka, the Torsa, the Raidak and the Sankoch drained the region. Most of the rivers have changed their course very frequently as the rivers banks are abmpt and sandy. Shallow block, brown and alluvial soils occur in the ree.ion. The soils are loose and sandy.

The region has 1, 600, 398 persons in an Hea of 2312.20 Km2 and its density is 637 persons per Km2 in the rural areas and 4, 091 persons per Km2 in the urban areas. Of the total population, 90.60 per 112 (") m z '" AI " (/) <: ~ " c '" '" (/) '" AI< .." '1f. c o '" - -n " In Z .... o :::c j> emlin o- :zenOZ .... j!!'!~ szn ~ ::sOseC o om % 0 1 ... ta N C :c- l> .'"N :::c "

:Ii ::; :r II> o C z ". "AI ;<

m ~ ". m ....(/I ....(/I :><: :><: o 0 n n :z: :I: :;: :;: '"» ".'"

'""'II '""'II »r- »r­ ,... Z Z

~ ..w ~ ~ It 0 0 :0 -t :0" ~ '"m .. :;:'" S ..-t ;;: ;;: ':' , 0 ,. ;!! " g "< ~ .. m :'l .. ~ In 01 ~ A In . 0 J,f " ..:0'" .. Vl ;;: 0 I~ ;== ~

c;:nt are in the rural areas and 9 AD percent in the urban areas. As 'regards, the working population in the region there are 30.26 per cent of main workers, 1.71 per cent of marginal workers and 68.03 per c.;:nt of non-workers. Comparatively, the proportiqn of Scheduled castes (46.96 per cent) is higher than Scheduled tribes (0.72 per cent). The literacy rate is 39.71 per cent. There are 759 villages and 7 urban centres in 11 C. D. Blocks in the region.

TABLE 1 DATA ON REGIONAL DINISIONS District : KOCH BIHAR Census Location Code No. 01 State : WEST BENGAL

No. of No. of T Area in T Population Region No. Villages in towns in R Kn1l2. R and Name each each U U Persons Males Females region region [ I 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9

2.6.3.1 409 2 T 1073.20 T 570747 295567 275180 West Koch Bihar R 1067.87 R 551672 285761 265911 Plain U 5.33 U 19075 9806 9269

2.6.3.2 759 7 T 23J2.20 T 1600398 826739 773659 East Koch Bihar R 2275.43 R 1449976 749657 700319 Plain U 36.77 U 150422 77082 73340

*The summation of the area figures of the Police Stations under each district will not tally with the concerned district area figures because the fonner represent those supplied by the State Director of Land Records and Survey while the later represents those supplied by the Surveyor General. India.

TABLE 2 REGIONWISE VILLAGE CODES, 1991 District : KOCH BIHAR Census Location Code No. 01 State : WEST BENGAL

Location Total No. of Area of Regional Division Code no. of Villages Division in Kml. Number C.D. Block Census Remarks IDd Name Villages Of C.D. In as per 1991 Block Division Total Rural Urban 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

2.6.3.1 Haldibari 1 to 62 62 409 Villages 1073.20 1067.87 5.33 LC 63 :0 98 are outside the West Koch Bihar :' Towns regional boundary. Flaln

Mekliganj 1.2.7.8.10 to 146 LC 3 10 6. 9. 14 are in 13,15 to 152 Region No. 2.6.3.2 LC 99. lOCi. 153 to 156. 183 are not existing as per D.C.H.

Mathabhanga-I 8.23 to 56. 88 LC 9 to 22. 57 to 76. 122 77 to 121. 183 to 156. 186. 187 are in to 185. 188 Region No. 2.6.3.2. to 192

Sitalkuchi I to 20. 24 67 LC 21 to 23 are in Region to 70 No. 2.6.3.2.

Sitai 1.4 to 9,11 46 LC 2,3.10.17 to 20 are in to 16. 21 to 53 Region No. 2.6.3.2.

2.6.3.2 Mekliganj 3 to 6, 9. 14 6 759 2312.20 2275.43 36.77 LC 7. Ii. 10 to 13 are in East Koch Bihar 7 Towns Region No. 2.6.3.1. Flain

115 C 1 2 3 4 5 6 ? 8 9 Mathabhanga-! 9.10.21.22. 14 57 to 60.75, 76.122,125. 194. 195

Mathabhanga-IJ 1 to 7.11 to 93 20,61 to 74, 123. 124, 126 to 182, 186, 187, 193

Sita]kuchi 21 to 23

Coach Bihar-I 114 to 124,127 144 LC 125, 126 130 are 10 129, I3l to UrIlanisell. 133, 137 to 263

Choch Bihar,IJ I to 113, 134 116 LC 114 to 124, 127 to 129, to 136 131 to 133 are in C.D, Block Ceoch Behar·!.

Tufanganj·l I to 12. 30 to 73 54, 71 to 93, Il3 to 121, 123 to 126

Tufanganj,Il 13 to 29, 55 to 54 70, 94 to 112, 122, 127.

Dinhata-I 1 to 70. 72, 130 LC 107 IPart) 112, 105 to 111, 113 Urbanised, to 153, 155 to 159 170 to 173. 189. 190

Dinhata-II 71,73 to 104. Jl9 LC 251 to 264 are outside 154, 160 to 169, the regionl boundary. 174 to 188. 191 to 250

Sita] 2,3,10,17 to 20 7 Le 1,4 to 9, 11 to 16 are in Rf:gion No. 2.63.1

TABLE 3 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS· TOTAL District : KOCH BIHAR Census Lol:ation Code No. 01 State: WEST BENGAL

Region No. Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers IlDd Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers [ Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 I ? 8 I 9 I 10

2.6,3,1 179147 163814 15333 7031 521 6510 384569 131232 253337 West Koch Bihar Plain

2,6,3,2 484277 434009 50268 27427 2923 24504 1088694 389807 698887 East Koch Bihar Plain

116 TABLE 4 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - RURAL District : KOCH BIHAR Census Lol:ation Code No. 01 State : WEST BENGAL

Region No. Total Main Wc.rkers, Murginal Workers and Non - Workers ;Iud Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females Persons l Males I Females Persons I Males I Females [ 10 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 L 6 I 7 8 I 9 I

2.6.3.1 173790 159142 14648 6973 496 6477 370909 126123 244786 West Koch Bihar Plain

2.6.3.2 442224 397929 44295 26738 2657 24081 981014 349071 631943 East Koch Bihar Plain

TABLE 5 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - URBAN D;lStrict : KOCH BIHAR Census Lo(:ation Code No. 01 Slate : WEST BENGAL

Region No. Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers md Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 I 9 I 10

2.6.3.1 5357 4672 685 58 25 33 13660 5109 8551 West Koch Bihar Plain

2.6.3.2 42053 36080 5973 689 266 423 107680 40736 66944 East Koch Bihar Plain

l~BLE (1 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS District : KOCH BIHAR Census Location Code No. 01 State : WEST BENGAL

T Literates T Scheduled castes T Scheduled tribes ~egion No. R R R IOd Name U U U Persons I Males IFemales Persons I Males IFemales Persons1 Males lFemales 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 . 9 10 11 12 13

2.6.3.1 T 170625 118855 51770 T ~72222 192530 179692 T In6 879 847 West R 160190 112812 47378 R 364449 188579 175870 R 1532 778 754 Koch Bihar U 10435 6043 4392 U 7773 3951 3822 U 194 101 93 Plain

2.6.3.2 T 635482 405126 230356 T 751497 387854 363643 T 11549 6078 5471 East R 531270 348262 183008 R 726644 375441 351203 R 11130 5851 5279 Koch Bihar U 104212 56864 47348 U 24853 12413 12440 U 419 227 192 Plain

117 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS District: KOCH BIHAR Census Location Code No. 01 State: WI~st Bengal S1. No.and name of Administrative No. the Regional Divisions Geology Soils Physio-Cultural Characteristics Divisions (C. D. Blocks) 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Division No. 1. Haldibari AlIuviwn Orthents- The region is a flat alluvial land. 2.6.3.1 2. Mekliganj Aquepts- It lies in the western part of the West Koch 3. Mathabhanga Ochrepts, district. The J aldhaka river has made Bihar Plain. 4. Sital Kuchi Ochrepts- its boundary in the eastern side and 5. Fluvents. divides the district into two halves. There are slight ups and downs and while some areas are low and inundated by thl;! rivers during the rainy season. The region has a slight south­ eastern slope along which the rivers flow. The general height ranges from 45-53 metres approximately. The greater part of l:he region is cultivated and is covered with green fields studded with trees. The tracts land consisting of tall grass, reed and clumps of bamboos and found growing at places in the region.

The Tista and the Ialdhaka characterised the formation of land flowing through Sikkim, Darjiling and Jalpaiguri districts. The Tista river enters Koch Bihar and flows as a river boundary between Haldibari and Mathabhanga. The Salangais a tributary of Jaldhaka and flows south-east wards. The land lying on both sides of the river are very fertile and suitable for growing of paddy. The region has alluvial soils of very recent formation. The surface soils are loamy and below it is all bare sand. In the areas between the two rivers of Tista and J aldhaka the shallow block, brown and alluvial soils occur. Oil seeds, pulses, potatoes and other vegetables are grown in Illis area. Paddy is the principal crop and more suited with this soil type. Jute, tobacco and beta! nuts are grown extensively and banana and jack fruits are found in abundance in the region.

The region has a total popUlation of 570, 747 residing in 409 villages and 2 urban centres. Of the total population. 96.66 per cent are found in the rural areas and 3.34 per cent in 118 2 3 4 5 6 the urban areas. Regarding the proportions of main workers, marginal workers and non-workers of this region, 30.45 per cent, 1.22 per cent and 64.99 per cent are found in the rural areas, whereas 0.94 per cent, 0.01 per cent and 2.39 per cent are shown in urban areas. Comparatively, the percentage of Scheduled castes (65.22 per cent) is higher than Scheduled tribes (0.30 per cent). The literacy rate is 29.90 per cent of which the rural areas presented 28.07 per cent and the urban areas recorded 1.83 per cent respectively. The region has an area of 1073.20 Km2 and its density of population 517 persons per Km2 and 3,579 persons per Km2 are recorded in rural and urban respectively. In the region, Meklijanj (M) and Haldibari CM) are the two prominent urban centres connected by a railway line and road. However, the State highway No. 12A passes through the northern areas of the region, there is a lack of communication facilities where there is large population in the rural areas.

2. Division No. 1. Mekliganj Alluvium Udalfs- The region is a flat and alluvial 2.6.3.2 2. Mathabhanga-I Oehrepts, land. It occ,:!pies the eastern half of East Koch 3. Mathabhanga-II Aquepts- the district bordering with Assam and Bihar Plain. 4. Sital Kuehl Oehrepts, Bangladesh. The region is also similar 5. Koeh Bihar-I Oehrepts- to as explained in region number 6. Koch Bihar-II Fluvents. 2.6.3.1. of the district. There are ups 7. Tufanganj-I 8. Tufanganj-II and downs ranging from 35 metres 9. Dinhata-I to 45 metres approximately but with 10. Dinhata-II general slopes towards south-east 11.Sitai along which the main rivers flow. The Torsa, the Jaldhaka, the Raidak and the Sankosh are the main rivers of the region. Most of them frequently changes their course. There are some abandoned channels of the rivers. Some of these channels are connected with the river during the rainy season and others completely accumulate water forming swamps and marshes. These marshes are used for pisciculture ~md cultivation. These rivers rise in the northern hills of the Himalayas and traverse the region. 119 1 2 3 4 5 6 Even ordinary rainfall causes a sudden rise of these rivers, which overflow the banks. The water of these rivers rises suddenly but falls very soon while the floodwater hardly remains in the fields for a few days only. The rivers flow cut the soils and deposited it on the other side. In the region many large sand banks are noticed. These are the annual features of these rivers.

The region has a similar type of soil formation as explained in region No. 2.6.3.l. of the district. The soil occur in the ea8tem part of the region bordering with Assam are more black loamy clayey. Rice is the main crop of the region. Oilseeds, pulses fruits and other vegetables are grown in the region. The Patla Khawh (reserved forest) and Bara Salbani (reserved forest) are the prominent forests of which Sal, Sishu and Teak and other small trees are found growing in abundance.

The region has a total population 1600398 in an area of 2312.20 Km2. Of the total population, the region records 90.60 per cent in the rural areas and 9.40 per cent in the urban areas. The higher proportions of main workers (27.63 per cent), marginal workers (1.67 per cent) and non­ workers (61.30 per cent) are observed in the rural ar,:!as, whereas the lower proportions of main workers (2.63 per cent), marginal workers (0.04 per cent) and non~workers (6.73 per cent are noticed in the urban areas respectively in the region. On the other hand, the percentage of Scheduled castes (46.96 per cent) is more than Scheduled tribes (0.72 per cent). In tenns of literacy rate, the region has 39.71 per cent of literates of which the: rural areas recorded 33.20 per cent and the urban areas 6.51 per cent. There are 759 villages and 7 urban centres in the region and its density is 637 persons per Km2 and 120 1 2 3 4 5 6 4, 091 persons per Km2 both in rural and urban areas. Mathabhanga (M), Koch Bihar (M), Tufanganj (M), Dinhata (M), Kharimala-Khagrabari (NM) , Guriahati (NM)and Bangri Pratham Khanda (NM) are the urban centres. They are connected by rail way lines, :r-;" ational Highway (N D. 31), State Highway (No.12A) and other roads with other areas of the region. In the region the Settlements are evenly distJibuted.

121 DISTRICT WEST DINAJPUR REGIONAL DMSIONS

The district of West Dinajpur is located bel:ween 25°10'55" and 26°29'54" North latitudes and 87)48'37" and 69°0'30" East longitudes. The district is bordered in the north by the district ofDarjiling and Bangladesh, in the south by the district of Maldah and Bangladesh, in the east by Bangladesh and in the west by the district ofPurnia of Bihar and the Maldah district.

In view of topography, the region is flat and ~;loping gently towards south. In the region, particu­ larly the south and west portions seem to be a continuation of "Barind Tract"- a geological formation of old alluvium. Anywhere in the district there is no hill, the highest elevation does not exceed 30 metres but undulating its surface elsewhere. The low land is more suitable for growing of paddy. The ridges are covered with scrub-jungle and low trees. The Mahananda river is flowing in the northern part of the region and forms the boundary alongwith the district Darjiling. The southern portions are mostly drained by the rivers of Gamari, Atrai and funarbhaba. The district is entirely of recent alluvium and the soils occur as sub-order association of Orthents-Aquepts-Oehrepts, Aquepts-Ochrepts, Ochrepts-Aquepts.

There are 3, 139 villages, 8 urban centres in l6 C. D. Blocks. The district has 3, 127,653 persons of which 2, 710,453 (86.66 per cent) reside in the rural areas and 417, 200 (13.34 per cent) in the urban areas. The district has an area of 5414.70 Km2. There are 1,022, 790 (32.70 per cent) main w()rkers, 56, 399 (1.80 per cent) marginal worke-rs and 2,048,464 (65.50 per cent) non-workers. The numerical strength of Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes is 907,553 (29.02 per cent) and 307, 487 (9.83 per cent). The literacy rate is 31.51 per cmt. In considering about geology, topography, soils, climate and natural vegetation, the district has been divided into 3 Sub-micro regions.

2.6.3.1- Islampur-Goalpokhar Plain

The region occupies the northern most part of the district. In general, the region is flat and it gently slopes southwards. There is no hill but the highest elevation is 30 metres. The region had a few scattered forests which lies under the tropical and moist type of climate. The soils are formed recently and having shallow black and brown alluvial so:[ls consisting of sandy loam mixed with gravels. The region has 557 villages and Itown falling in 5 C. D. Blocks. There are 765, 383 peronsofwhich 94.09 per cent of population (720143) are in the rural areas and 5.91 per cent of population (45240) in the UI:ban areas. The region has an area of 1448.00 Km2and the density of 502 persons per Km2 in rural areas and 3, 234 persons per Km2 in urban area!: respectively. The region has 31.16 per cent of main workers, 0.95 per cent of marginal workers and 67.89 per cent of non-workers. The percentage of Scheduled castes (19.89 per cent) is higher than Scheduled tribes (4.89 per cenO.

2.6.3.2-Sudhani-Mahananda-Gamari Plain.

The region covers the central part of the district. The nature of topography is almost similar as eKplained in region No. 2.6.3.1 of the district. But there are a number of marshes varying in size, fonned by the overflowing of the rivers. The main rivers viz. the Mahananda, the Gamari and the Srimati which flow southwards are joined by small rivers as tributaries. They are forming lakes and ponds in the region during the rains. Recently formed soil, shallow black, brown and alluvial soils are found in this area. The region has 1, 156, 048 persons in 978 villages and 4 urban centres falling in 7 C. D. Blocks. Of the total population 82.03 per cent (948,313) live in the rural areas and 17.97 per cent (207, 735) in the urban areas. Regarding the working population, 33.12 per cent of main workers, 2.57 per cent of marginal workers and 64.31 per tent of non-workers are found. ~'hereas, the Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes have recorded 34.77 per cent and 5.77 per cent. Tht! literacy rate is 32.86 percent. The region bas an area of 1778.30 Km2 with a density of population as 541 persons per Km2 in rural areas and 8099 persons per Km2 in the urban areas.

122 _CENSUS OF INDIA- MAP 23

B WEST BENGAL DISTRICT WEST DINAJPUR CENSUS CODE 04 REGIONAL DIVISIONS

Km5 0 10 15 20 25KN .,.... ~!====3. .. ~!== ==~!..... I==~1

BOUNDART. INTERNATiONAL. _.._._ STATE .. .

DISTRICT . •

POLICE STATION ••.

t . D. BLOCK ••• VILLAGE HAVING 5000 & ABOVE POPULATION •.• • URBAN AREA • .• .

NATIONAL HIGHWAY. NH34

STATE HIGHWAY ... SH 10

IMPORTANT METALLED ROAD...... •

RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION. METRE GAUGE .. 1 11,141111 RIVER ...... ~ REGIONAL DIVISIONS . •• 2 . 6.3. I I 1 1 I MACRO .. . ~ : ! , I MESO .. . '-~-, I I MICRO ... ~ I SUB·MICRO WITH BOUNDARY •••. l.--

SOIL to 0 10 2O ICM5 ..... !...wI I

/

.4 L D 2·6 ·3'1 ISLAMPUR GOALPOKHAR PLAIN A H 2·6· 3·2 SUDHANI MAHANANDA GIM ARI PLAIN H 2· 6·3· 3 BALURGHA T t«.L Y PL AIN s

[READ THE SEQUENCE OF REGIOUAl DIVISIONS WITH REFERENCE TO All INOlA MAP COOES UPTO 3 TIER 1

Z.6.3.3- Balurghat Plain.

The region is a flat alluvial plain. It extel;lds in the south-eastern part of the district. The Punarbhaba, the Brahamani, the Atrai and the Tangan traverse the region. The region slopes gradually towards south and has many tanks. These tanks are used for pisciculture, irrigation and other domestic purposes of the locality. The region has soils of recently formed with brown, shallow black, brown and alluvial lioils. There are 1,206, 222 persons inhabited in 1604 villages and 3 urban centres. Of the total population, 1,041,997 (86.39 per cent) reside in the rural areas and 164,225 (13.61 per cent) in the urban areas. There are 29.89 per cent of Scheduled castes and 16.86 per cent of Scheduled tribes. '[be rate ofliteracy is 37.95 per cent. Considerably, this plain area has 33.28 per cent of main workers, [.61 per cent of marginal workers and 65.11 per cent of non-workers. The region comprises 8 C. D. Blocks in an area of 2188.40 Km2. The density of population of 481 persons per Km2 and 7, 817 persons per Km2 are presented in the rural and urban areas respectively.

125 TABLE 1 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS District : WEST DlNAJPUR Census Location Code No. 04 State : WEST BENGAL

No. of No. of T Area in T Population Region No. Villages in Towns in R Km2. R and Name each each U U Persons Males Females region region 1 - 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

2. 6. 3. 1 557 T 144,tOO T 765383 397983 367400 IslampuT R 1434.01 R 720143 373603 346540 Goalpokhar U 11.99 U 45240 24380 20860 Plain

2.6. 3.2 978 4 T InDO T 1156048 601934 554114 Sudhani R 1752.65 R 948313 490982 457331 Mahananda U E65 U 207735 110952 96783 Gamari Plain

2.6.3.3 1604 3 T 218aAO T 1206222 620823 585399 Balurghat R 2167.39 R 1041997 536445 505552 Plain U 2[,01 U 164225 8437S 79847

*The summation of the area figures of the Police Stations under each district will not tally with the concerned district area figures because the former represent those supplied by the State Director of Land Records and Survey while the later represents those supplied by the Surveyor General. India.

TABLE 2 REGIONWISE VILLAGE CODES, 1991 District : WEST DINAJPUR Census Lot:ation Code No. 04 State : WEST BENGAL

Location Total No. of Area of Regional Division Code No. of Villages Division in Kml. Sumber C.D. Block Census Remarks ,and Name Villages orC.D. In as per 191)1 Block Division Total Rural Urban 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2. 6. 3.1 Chopra I to 119 119 557 1448.00 1434.01 13.99 lslampur I Town Goolpokhar Plain Islampur I to 56, 57 101 LC 57 (Part), 59, 60, (part) S8, 61 61 ·:Part) Urbanised. (part) to 103

Goa1pokhar-1 I 10 6, 18 10 153 62.64 to 89, 91 to 166, of Goalpokhar P. S.

Goalpokhar-II 7 to 17,63,90 165 of Goalpokhar P. S. 1 to 97, 100 10 LC 98, 99 of 154 of Chakalia Chaklllia P. S. are p. S. in Region No.2. 6. 3. 2 LC 5 to 7, 11, 12, 16 to I to 4, 8 to 10, 19 40 :Ire in Region No. 13 to l5. 41 to 2.6.3.2 49

z.6. 3. 2 Goalpokhar -II 98,99,155 to 157 5 978 1778.30 1752.65 25,65 LC 100 to 154 are in Sudhani of Chakalia P. S. 4 Towns Region No.2. 6. 3. I Mahananda ·Jamari Karandighi 5 to 7. 11, 12, 16 195 LC 8 10 10. 13 to 15 Plain to 19,21 to 40, 41 10 49 are In Region 50 to 215 No.2. 6. 3. 1. LC 20 Urbanised.

Raiganj I to 144, 146 to 223 LC 145, 150 to 152 are 149, 153 to 227 Urbanised. 126 [ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 [ [0 116 116

Kaliaganj I to 77, 80 to :86 LC 185, 187 to 211 are 97, 99 to 101, not I:xisti ~g as per lOS, to 133. DCH 136 to 184, 186, LC 98, 102 to [04 are 212 to 219, 221 Urb!,nised. LC 78, 79, 134, 135, 220 222 are in RegioD ~o. 2.6. 3. ;. Kushmundi LC 210 231 are in region 2. 6. 3. 3 [lahar Ito 252 252

:. 6. 3. 3 Kushmundi 2 to 231 230 1604 2188.40 2167.39 21.01 lIa1urghat .1 Towns I'lain Bansihari 1 to 76, 78 to 281 116, 135, 136, 143, 144, 152 of P. S. Harirampur. 77, 117 to 134 137 to 142, 145 to 151, 153 to 281 of P. S. Bansihari.

Gangarampur 1 to 82, 86 to 203 LC ,n to 85 are 206 Urbanised. Kurnarganj 110218 218

Tapan 110 279 279

Balmghat 11089,91 309 LC 90, 106, 109 10 to 105, 107, l1l Urbanised. 108, H2 to 314

Hilli 1 to 21, 24, 27 78 LC ~2, 23. 25, 26 to 82 are Urbanised.

Kaliaganj 78, 79, 134. 135 6 LC ·~o to 97, 99 to 101, 220,222 105 to 133, [36 to [84, 186, 212 to 219, 221 are in Re~on No.2. 6. 3. 2

LC ')8, 102 to 104, 185, 187 to 211 are not existing as per DCH.

T\.BLE 3 DATA ON REGIO:l\AL DIVISIONS - TOTAL Dbtrlct : WEST DlNAJPUR Census Locillion Code No. 04 State : WEST BENGAL

legion No. Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and NOD - Workers nd Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Penons r Males TFemales Persons I Males I Females Persons -r Males I Females 1 2 I 3 T 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 r 9 I 10 2. 6.3. 1 238472 218094 20378 7325 938 6387 519586 178951 340635 :slarnpur 'Joalpokhar ~Iain

L 6. 3. 2 382905 320647 62258 29675 3719 25956 743468 277568 465900 :~udhani Mahananda iJamari Plain

:~. 6. 3. 3 401413 336738 64675 19399 2600 16799 785410 281485 503925 3alurghat Plain 127 TABLE 4 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - RURAL District : WEST DINAJPUR Census Localion Code No. 04 State : WEST BENGAL

gion No. Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non - Wurkers d Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males l Females Persons I Males 1 Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 I 9 1 10 2. 6. 3. 1 226018 206462 19556 7272 915 6351 486853 166226 320627 lsJampur Goalpokhar Plain

2 6.3.2 321468 271484 55984 28866 3415 25451 591979 216083 315896 SlIdhani Mahananda c.aroari Plain

2. 6. 3. 3 359422 299541 59881 18199 2424 16375 663776 234480 429296 E,alurghat Plain

TABLE 5 DATA ON REGIONi\L DIVISIONS - URBAN Di!:trict : WEST DlNAJPUR Census Location Code No. 04 State : WEST BENGAL

Region No_ Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers and Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females Perso~iS I Males I Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 I 9 I 10 2. 6. 3. 1 12454 11632 822 53 23 30 32733 12725 20008 'lslampur Goalpokhar 'Plain

2. 6. 3. 2 55437 49163 6274 809 304 505 151489 61485 90004 Sudhani Mahananda Gamari Plain

2. 6. 3. 3 41991 37197 4794 600 176 424 121634 47005 74629 Balurghat Plain

n.BLE 6 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS District : WEST DINAJPUR Census LOCiltion Code No. 04 State : WEST BENGAL

T Literates T Scheduled castes T Scheduled tribes tegion No. R R R 'lIld Name U U U Persons I Males IFemales i?ersons I Males IFemales Persons I Males IFemales 1 2 3 4 5 6 ? 8 9 10 11 12 13

2.6. 3. 1 T 147721 110556 37165 T 152256 79146 73110 T 37430 19322 18108 Islarnpur R 122543 95034 27509 R 146181 76174 70607 R 37035 19097 17938 Goalpokhar U 25178 15522 9656 U 5475 2972 2503 U 395 225 170 Plain

2.6. 3. 2 T 379869 250906 128963 T 401956 209317 192639 T 66718 34238 32480 Sudhani R 241486 171954 69532 R 369265 191712 177553 R 65181 33353 31828 Mahananda U 138383 78952 59431 U 32691 17605 15086 U 1.537 885 652 Gamari Plain

2. 6. 3. 3 T 457792 289216 168516 T 353341 182295 171046 T 203339 102738 100601 Balurghat R 346141 227529 118612 R 328492 169561 158931 R 198807 100495 98312 Plain U 111651 61687 49964 U 24849 12734 12115 U 4532 2243 2289 128 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS District: WEST DINAJPUR Census Location Code No. 04 State: West Bengal

S1. ~o.and name of Administrative No. the Regional Divisions Geology Soils Physio-Cultural Characteristics Divisions (c. D. Blocks) 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Division No. 1. Chopra Alluvium Orthents­ Generally the region is flat and 2.6.3.1 2.Islampur Aquepts­ gently sloping southwards. Barind, a Islampur­ 3. Goalpokhar-I Ochrepts. geological formation covers the Goalpokhar 4. Goalpokhar-II region and extends further south. The Plain. 5. Karandighi. entire surface is found undulating interspersed with ravines. Physically there is nC! high hill and the highest spot is not exceeding than 30 metres.

The tropical type of forests are found in the n~gion but very few in number of which some are natural and others are afforested. In the forest Sal, Sisu and Simu] are grown. Clumps of bamboos are growing abundantly. The plantation of teak trees has also been undertaken in the region. Paddy and jute are the principal crops and jute is mostly !_,'Town in Islampur and Chopra C. D. Blocks.

The region has a total population of 765,383. Of the total popUlation, 94.09 per cent are found in the rural areas and 5.91 per cent in the urban areas. There are 238,472 (31.16 per cent) main workers, 7,325 (0.95 per cent) margina1 workers and 519,586 (67.89 per cent) non-workers. The Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes have recorded 19.89 percent and 4.89 per cent respectively. The region is very thinly populated and presented 19.30 per cent of literates. Regarding the density of popUlation, 502 persons per Km2 are for rural areas and 3, 234 persons per Km2 are for urban areas. Islampur eM) is the only urban centre in the region. It has been connected by railway (m(~tre gauge) and National Highway (No. 31). On the other hand the rural arc~as are having poor communication system in the region.

129 1 2 3 4 5 6

2. Division No. l. Goalpokhar-II Alluvium Orthents­ The pbysicallandfonns are almost 2.6.3.2 2. Karandighi Aquepts­ similar as explained in region No. Sudhani- 3. Raiganj Ochrepts, 2.6.3.1 of the district. There are large Mahananda- 4. Hemtabad Aquepts­ number of tan]es varying in size from Gamari Plain. 5. Kaliaganj Ochrepts. splendid stretches of water like lakes 6. Kushmundi to small ponds. Many marshes formed 7.ltahar by the over flowing of the rivers also are noticed in the region.

The main rivers viz. the Mahananda, the Gamari and the Srimati are flowing southwards. The Mahananda is flowing along the western boundary of the region. It rises from the Darjiling hills while joins Mahananda at ltahar.

The region has 1156048 persons inhabiting in 978 villages and 4 urban centres. Of the total popUlation, 82.03 per cent and 17.97 per cent are recorded in rural and urban areas respectively. It is observed that this region has pf(~sented 33.12 per cent of main workers, 2.57 per cent of mar­ ginal workers and 64.31 per cent of non-workers. In considering about the Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes, the proportion of Scheduled castes (34.77 per cent) is more than Scheduled tribes (5.77 per cent) and also having 32.86 per cent of literates. The region has an area of 1778.30 Km2. It has density of 541 persons per Km2 in rural areas and 8, 099 persons per Km 2 in urban areas. Regarding the urban centres, Raiganj (M), Kaliaganj (M), (NM) and Kasba (NM) are the worth mentioning in the region. The Raiganj (M), Kaliag~j and Dallchala (NM) are connected by railway lines and other important roads while Kasba (NM) by National highway (No. 34) only. The settlement in this region is thinly distributed and the villagers are most probably cultivators. Paddy, Jute, Potato and Sugarcane are the principal crops of the region.

130 1 2 3 4 5 6 3. Division No. 1. Kushmundi Alluvium Orthents­ The region occupies the south­ 2.6.3.3 2. Banshihari Aquepts­ eastern part of the district. Many Balurghat Plain. 3. Gangarampur Ochrepts, rivers are found flowing in the region 4. Ochrepts­ fonn north to south. The Tangan, the 5. Tapan Aquepts. Punarbhaba, the Atrai and the 6. Balurghat Ichhamati are the important rivers of 7.Hilli this region. The Tangan river rises 8. Kaliaganj from Bangladesh and passes through Kaliaganj, Kushmundi C. D. Blocks. On the other hand, the Tangan is a big river, which usually overflows its banks during the rains and inundates some areas. Similarly, the Punarbhaba from across Bangladesh enters the district. It flows through Tapan and Gangarampur C. D. Blocks and then enters Bangladesh. The Brahamani ri ver is a branch of Punarbhaba. It is very shallow and not much important in the region. The also rises from Bangladesh and passes through Kumarganj and Balurghat C. D. Blocks. The river can have full of water during the rainy season only but could not dry through out the year.

In the district the region has the largest area of 2188.40 Km2 comprising 1604 villages and 3 urban centres inhabited by 1, 206, 222 persons. It constitutes the rural density of 481 persons per {{m2 and the urban density of 7, 817 persons 2 per Km , Of the total population, 86.39 per cent are recorded in rural areas and 13.61 per cent in the urban areas. There are 33.28 per cent of main workers, 1.61 per cent of marginal workers and 65.11 per cent of non-workers, whereas the Scheduled castes (29.29 per cent) have recorded. higher proportion than the Scheduled tribes (16.86 per cent). In the di strict, this region has presented thl~ highest literacy rate (37.95 per cent).

131 DISTRICT MALDAH REGIONAL DIVISIONS

The district of Maldah lies in between 24°40'20" and 25°32'08" North latitudes and 87°45'50" and 88°28'10" East longitudes. It is bordered in the north by the district of West Dinajpur and district of Purrua in Bihar, in the South west by the river PadmalGanga and on the other side of Ganga are sitlJated the district of Santhal Pargana in Bihar arid the district of Murshidabad and in the east partly by th(: district of West Dinajpur and Bangladesh.

The district is an extended part of "Barind Tract" of Region No. 2.6.3 in the state. The district is divided into two parts by the Mahananda river, flowing from north to south. The land lying in the ea:)t of Mahananda river is relatively high and presents the red clay soil of the old alluvium type, whereas to the west of the said Mahananda, the 1and is found to be inundated into swamps due to the rise of the rivers and streams. The land is covered with tall grasses extensively. There are some elevated tracts varying from 30 to 39 metres approximately above the sea level. The land extending to the so Llthern part of Kalindri river becomes very fertile and populous in the district.

In general, the district slopes gently from north to south. The Tangan, Punarbhaba, the M.ahananda, the Kalindri and the Ganga are the main rivers which drain the district. Physically, the region is characterised by her low-lying plain feature. Throughout the district, groves are grown and which possess a distinctive feature in the state. Geologically, the district is entirely covered by alluvium. The district presents various type, :If :.c:ils of sub·order associations such as AquaIfs­ Fluvents-Aquents, Orthents-Ochrepts. Aqut:p!.s-Uchrepts and Ochrepts-Aquepts. There are 15 C. D. Blocks comprising 1801 villages and 4 urban centres. It has an areaof3662.3 Km2 inhabited by 2,637, 032 persons. Of the total population, 2, 450, 495 (92.93 per cent) reside in the rural areas and 186,537 (7.07 per cent) in the urban areas. The region has 834, 408 (31.69 per cent) main workers, 80,419 (3.05 per cent) marginal workers and I, 722, 205 (65.31 per cent) non-workers. The number of Schedule castes 477, 896 (18.22 per cent)is more than Scheduled tribes 171, 326 (6.50 per cent). There are 743, 818 persons of literates and presented 28.21 per cent of the total population of the district. The district is divided into 3 sub-micro regions on the basis of physical landforms, soils, cbmate and vegetations.

2.6.3.1-Lower Mahananda Plain

The region lies over the area covered by the Mahananda river on the east and Kalindri river on the south-east. It is a low lying plain area characterised by the presence of marshes due to the meandering courses of the rivers and other seasonal streams. There are large tract of land covered by the tall grasses and the other portion is cultivated very well.

The elevated tracts range from 15 to 3C metres above the river level and it slopes gradually towards south. The region presents the alluvial soils of recent formation. The soils are brown and black-brown in colour. The region is entirely ru -al ami comprises 7 C. D. Blocks having 517 villages. Tbere are 852548 persons in an area of 1134.00 Km 2 and the density of population is 752 persons per 2 Km • Of the total popUlation, 30.13 per cent of main workers, 1.85 per cent of marginal workers and 68.02 per cent of non-workers are presented in th,~ region. Whereas the Scheduled castes and Scheduled trlbes have recorded 13.25 per cent and 2.70 per cent. The literacy rate is 25.13 per cent.

2.6.3.2-Maldah P1ain

The region occupies the eastern part of the district extending from the Mahananda river on the west to the Purnabhaba river which forms the natural boundary line with Bangladesh on the east. The T:mgan river which traverses in the central porti on of the region. The river banks for both Tangan and Pljrnabhaba are very steep. The general slope of the region is towards south. This tract is intersected by deep-water channels. In this region, there nre small hills of hardly 15 to 20 metres high. It has alluvial soils of black and brown in colour. The region covers 5 C. D. Blocks comprising 849 villages and 3 urban centres inhabited by 656, 804 persons. Of the total population, 92.79 percent (609, 471) 132 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 24 WEST BENGAL DISTRICT MALDAH CENSUS CODE 05 C,D, BLOCK KAUACHAK--I RECIONAL DIVISIONS ~~ VUAGE NAME I Khaschlllcipur 2 Kar ... khcndp

C,D, BLOCK KALIACHAK-N SL NO VLLAGE NAME I. KrllMapll 2 Cllai. Bllhadurpur 3 Chari Anllllap ... 4 Par Dean", ... 5 S~lanvanl

CD, BLOCK ENGLISH BAZAR SL. NO VILLAGE NAME I (lflar Chand'IPur

~

B,OUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL .. . _.-.- ~ .. __ .. " STATE .. _ _ " DI STRICT POLICE STATION _..... '_._ " SOIL " '" tI C. D. BLOCK .. . VILLAGE HAVING 5000 ANO ABOVE POPULATION • URBAN AREA . NH34 NATIONAL HIGHWAY.

STATE HIGHWAY .•. SHIO IMPORTANT METALLED ROAD RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION, BROAD GAUGE ...

RIVER .

REGIONAL DIVIs/ON~ 2. 6. 3. I. ttl t MACRO I 2.6.3.1. LOWER MAHANANDA PLAIN II$ I 2 MESO .. LJ.._._I I 2.6.3.2. MALDAH PLAIN I I MICRO 6 1 r------~ 2.6.3.3. MAHANANDA-GANGA tm:RFLWE I I [READ TI£ SEQUANCE OF REG~AL DIVISIONS WITH SUB-MICRO WITH BOUNDARY -- REFERANCE TO AU. INDIA MAP CODES UPTO 3 TIER]

ljy~ in the rural areas and 7.21 percent (47,333) in the urban areas. The region has an area of 1345.00 Km2 and its density is 456 persons per Krn2 in ruTal areas and 6, 639 persons per Km2 in urban areas. There are 33.18 per cent of main workers, 3.44 per cent of marginal workers and 56.22 per cent of non­ workers. The percentages of Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes are 38.75 percent and 21.88 per cent. The region has 28.14 per cent of literates of which 24.80 per cent are ShOWl;, in the rural and 3.34 pe' cent in urban areas.

2.b.3.3-Mahananda-Ganga Interfluve

The region occupies the south-western part of the district extending as iI;terfiuve between the rivers of Mahananda and Ganga. This region is also a part of low lying plain area of the district and characterised by the activities of the Kalindri and the Ganga rivers. The Ganga forms the south-western boundary of the region and flows in two channels. On the other hand the Kalindri flowing in a winding course falls into the Mahananda opposite old Maldah town. These two rivers have changed their courses considerably and caused erosion of the banks. Many islands and old river beds are formed due to the change of channels. The region is the most fertile and populous in the district. The general elevation ranges from 23 to 38 metres above the mean sea level. The region has alluvial soils containing sa':ld and sandy clay. The soils are brown, black-brown and red in colour. There 'are 6 C. D. Blocks comprising 435 villages and 1 urban centre. The region has population of 1, 127,680 residing in an area of 1183.30 Km2• Of the total population, 988, 476 (87.66 per cent) live in the rural areas and 139, 204 (12.34 per cent) in the urban areas. The region has recorded a density of 845 persons per Km2 in lhl~ rural areas and 10,578 persons per Krn2 in th~ urban areas. As regards literacy rate, this region has recorded 30.57 per cent of literates of which 22.31 per cent are found in the rural areas and 8.26 per cent in the UTban areas. Of the working population, there are 30.77 per cent of main workers, 3.72 per cent of marginal workers and 65.51 per cent of nJn-workers. The proportions of Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes are 9.79 per cent and 0.41 per ':;ent in the region.

HBLE 1 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS Dhtrict : MALDAH Census Location Code No. 05 State : WEST BENGAL

No. of No. of T Area in T Population Region No. Villages in towns in R K1112. R and Name each each U U region region Persons Males Females [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

2.6.3.1 5i7 T 113£..00 T 852548 440148 412400 Lower R 113<,.00 R 852548 440148 412400 Mahananda U U Plain

2.6.3.2 849 3 T 134:1.00 T 656804 337162 319642 Maldah R 133".87 R 609471 312384 297087 Plain U ".13 U 47333 24778 22555

2.6.3.3 435 T 118:1.30 T 1127680 583231 544449 Mahananda R 1170.14 R 988476 511051 477425 Ganga U 1.1.16 U ]39204 72180 67024 Interfluve

---- *The summation of the area figures of the Police Station; Jnder each district will not tally with the concerned district area figures because the former represent those supplied by the 3tate Director of Land Records and Survey while the later represents those supplied by the Surveyor General, India.

135 TABLE 2 REGIONWISE VILLAGE CODES, 1991 District : MALDAH Census Location Code No. 05 Slate : WEST BENGAL

Location Total No. of Area of Regional ivision Code No. of ViUage:i Division in Kml. Ilmber C.D. Block Census Remarks Id Name Villages or C.D. In as per 1991 Block Division Total Rural Urban 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

2.(.3.1 Harischandrnpur·[ I to 9. II to 105 517 ll34.0 1134.0 LC 10. 84 to 94. 96. 115 to 126 Lower 83,95.97 to are in CD. Block Harischandrapur-II Mahananda 114,127.129 Pldn to 131

Harischandrapur-U 10,84 to 94, 74 LC 1 to 9. II to 83, 95, 97 to 114, 96, liS to 127, 129 to 131 are in C.D. Block 126, 128, HarischRlJdrnpur-I 132 10 179

Chanchal-I 1 to 30, 32 to 68, 101 LC 31 nolt existing as per D.C.H. 70,72, 133. LC192, !93 are in Region No. 2.6.3.2 136,137,145 to 167,173 to 177,194

Chanchal-ll 69,71,73 to 90 LC 70, "2, 133, 136, 137, 145 to 167, 132,134.135 173 to 177, 194 are in C.D. Block 138 to 144, ' Chanchal-I 168 to 172, 178 to 191

Ratua-l 12 to 21, 23. 79 LC 22. 24 to 33 are in Region No. 34 to 70, 73 2.6.3.3 83 to 86, 100 to 124. 152

Ratua-ll 71,72,74, to 51 LC 73, 33 to 86. 100 to 124 are in 82, 87 to 99, CD. Block Ratua-I 125 to 151

English Bazar 24 to 26, 38, n LC 27 b) 37 are in Region No. 2.6.3.3 40 to 52

26.3.2 Gajole 1 to 293 293 849 1345.00 1337.87 7.13 Nlaldah 3 Towns Plain Barnangola 1 to 145 145

Habibpur 1 to 291 291

Maldah (Old) 1 to 95, 100 lIB LC 96 to 99, 105. 110 are Urbanised. to 104.106 to 109. III to 124

Cbancbal-ll 192, 193 2

26.3.3 Ratua-l 1 to 11,22, 22 435 1183.30 1170.J4 13.16 LC 12 10 21. 23 are in Region No. Mahananda 24 to 33 2.6.3.1 ( \ Town I,lterfiuve English Bazar 1 to 23, 27 liS LC 63 10 69, 72 are Urbanised. to 37, 39, 53 LC 24 LO 26, 38, 40 to 52 are in to 58, 68 (0 Region No. 2.6.3.1 71,73 to 90, 92 to 146

Manikchak 1 to 13.15 89 LC 14 merged with LC 12 to 90

Kaliacbak-l 31 (part), 66 to 65 LC 31 partly located in Kaliachak I & 84,86,87. ill and counted as one village. !16 to 124, 130. 131, 135 to 154, 158 to 169. 185

136 C 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 I Kaliachak-II I to 27. 29, 3D, 66 85, 88 to liS, 125 to 129, 132 to 134

Kaliachak ·m 28, 31(panj to 75 54, 58 to 65, 175, 191 to 206 of Baishnabnagar P.S. and 55 to 57, 155 to 157, 170 to 174, 176 to 184, 186 to 190 of Kaliachak P.S.

TABLE 3 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - TOTAL District : MALDAH Census Lac'alion Code No. 05 State : WEST BENGAL

Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers .~egion No_ 'rod Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females Persons 1 Males I Females Persons I Males I Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 1 6 I 7 8 I 9 I 10

2.6.3.1 256863 230690 26173 15803 2877 12926 579882 206581 373301 Lower Mahananda Plain

2.6.3.2 230569 182339 48230 22688 2745 19943 403547 152078 251469 Maldah Plain

2.6.3.3 346976 275086 71890 41928 7013 34915 738776 301132 437644 Mahananda Ganga lnterfluve

TABLE 4 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - RURAL District : MALDAR Census Lol:ation Code No. 05 State : WEST BENGAL

Region No. Total Main W(lrkers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers and Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers [ Persons I Males 1 Females Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females 1 2 I 3 1 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 I 9 1 10 2.6.3.1 256863 230690 26173 15803 2877 12926 579882 206581 373301 Lower Mahananda Plain

2.6.3.2 217629 170711 46918 22574 2673 1'901 369268 139000 230268 Maldah Plain

2.6.3.3 309394 241705 67689 41709 6891 34818 637373 262455 374918 Mahananda Ganga Interfluve

137 TABLE 5 DATA ON REGIOI\AL DIVISIONS - URBA:-.I Dhtrict : MALDAH Census Location Code No. 05 State : WEST BENGAL

legion No. Total Main Wo:rkers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers nd Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 I 9 J 10 U.3.1 :..ower .Mahananda :?Iain

2.6.3.2 12940 11628 1312 144 72 42 34279 13078 21201 Maldah Plain

2.6.3.3 37582 33381 4201 219 122 97 101403 38677 62726 Mahananda Ganga Interfluve

TABLE 6 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS Dil;trict : MALDAH Census Location Code No. 05 State: WEST BENGAL

T Literates T Scheduled Castes T Scheduled Tribes legion No. R R R nd Name U U U Persons1 Males 1Females Persons 1 Males JFemales Persons J Males IFemales 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 lL 12 13

:~.6.3.1 T 214272 142912 71360 T 112993 58488 54505 T 23024 11863 11161 Lower R 214272 142912 71360 R .112993 58488 54505 R 23024 11863 11161 Mahananda U -- U U Plain

2.6.3.2 T 184831 125051 59780 T 254484 131445 123039 T 143712 71725 71987 Maldah R 162880 111766 51114 R 243907 125986 117921 R 143477 71597 71880 Plain U 21951 13285 8666 U 10577 5459 5118 U 235 128 107

L6.3.3 T 344715 224807 119908 T 110419 57436 52983 T 4590 2375 2215 ~dahananda R 251520 172652 78868 R 95375 49689 45686 R 3306 1680 1626 Ganga U 93195 52155 41040 U 15044 7747 7297 C 1284 695 589 lntertlu"e

138 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS District: MALDAH Census Location Code No. 05 State: West Bengal SI. No.and name of Administrative No. the Regional Divisions Geology Soils Physio-Cultural Characteristics Divisions (c. D. Blocks) 234 5 6 1. Division No. 1. Haris Alluvium Aquepts­ The region extends in between the 2.6.3.1 Chandrapur-I Ochrepts, Mahananda on the east and Kalindri Lower 2. Haris Orthents­ on the west. The district is roughly Mahananda Chandrapur -II Ochrepts. divided into two parts by the Plain. 3. Chanchal-I Ochrepts­ Mahananda river flowing from north 4. Chanchal-ll Aquepts. to south. Again the western part of 5. Ratua-I Mahananda is divided into two parts 6. Ratua-II by the Kalindri river flowing from west 7. English Bazar to east from tht:: . Whereas the northern part of the Kalindri river presents the marshy land fonned by the rivers and streams.

The extensive tract lying in C. D. Block Ratua and other adjoining areas are covered with tall grasses. The Kalindri flows in a south easterly direction and meets the Mahananda river at Maldah. The banks of the river rise very steeply.

The region is characterised by alluvial soils of recent formation. The older alluvial formation similar to the "Barind Tract" composed of argillaceous beds of pale n~ddish brown rocks is found to the north west of Mahananda river.

In the region, tall grasses are generally found growing in the inundated lands interspersed with trees. J ackfruit, Peepal, Tamarind, Mango, thorny bamboos and date palm, are the common species of tills region.

The region is entirely rural inhabited by 852, 548 persons of which 30.13 per cent of main workers, 1.85 per cent of marginal workers and 68.02 per cent of non··workers are presented. There are 13.25 per cent of Scheduled castes and 2.70 per cent of Scheduled tribes and also presented 25.13 per cent of literates within the rural area. It has an area of 1134.00 Km2 and has a density of752 persons per Krn2. The P. S. headquarters of and Tatua are situated n(~ar the river banks of Mahananda and Kalindri. 139 1 2 3 4 . 5 6 2. Division NO.1. Gazole Alluvium Ochrepts­ The region lies in between the river 2.6.3.2 2. Bamangola Aquepts, Mahananda and the river Purnabhaba Maldah Plain. 3. Habibpur Aquepts­ which flows along the boundary with 4. Maldah Ochrepts. Bangladesh. The Tangan river is 5. Chane hal-IT flowing north-south direction which divides the region into two parts. The Tangan and Pumabhaba are the main tributaries of Mahananda. Both the tributaries have steep banks. The Barind a geological formation lies to the east of the Mahananda river which consists of red clay soil of the old alluvium.

The physical feature and geological formation are similar as mentioned the details in Region No. 2.6.3.1. In the region, there are some elevated tracts in the Barind. These high lands are ranging from 15 to 30 metres and it is found to be intersected by deep­ water channels.

The total population of this region is 656804. Of the total population again 92.79 per cent are accounted for in the rural areas and 7.21 per cent in the urban areas. In the region, there are 33.13 per cent of main workers, 3.44 per cent of marginal workers and 56.22 per cent of non-workers in the rural areas and 1.97 per cent of main worlers, 0.02 per cent of marginal workers and 5.22 per cent of non­ workers in the urban areas. The proportion of Scheduled castes (38.75 per cent) is higher than the Scheduled tribes (21.88 per cent). Regarding the literacy rate, the region has recorded 28.14 per cent of the total population of the district. The density of population in the rural and urban areas are 456 persons per Km2 and 6, 639 persons per Km2 respectively. The O1d Maldah (M) is connected by road and rail way lines from Farrakka via Kaliachak while the other main centres such as Gajole, Bamangola and Habibpur are connected by road only. The national highway No. 34 passes through Maldah and Gajole.

140 2 3 4 5 6 3. Division No. 1. Ratua Alluvium Orthents- The region is characterised by the 2.6.3.3 2. English Bazar Ochrepts, two rivers viz. the Mahananda and the Mahananda 3. Ochrepts- Ganga flowing into each other and Ganga 4. Kaliachak-I Aquepts, surround the landmass. Then this Interfluve. 5. Kaliachak-ll Aqualfs- region is known as "Mahananda­ 6. Kaliachak-llI Fluvents- Ganga Interfluve". The most striking Aquents. feature is the fonnation of continuous line of islands due to changing of currents and consequent receiving of river beds. The land lying to the south of Kalindri river is very fertile and thickly populated. On the other hand, the Ganges fOlms two-thirds of the western and the whole of the south­ western boundary of the district. The Mahananda is flowing from north to south and receives the water of Kalindri on its ;right bank. Below the Rajrnahal hills, the Ganges sends off a small stream called the Chhota Bhagirathi which is an old bed of the Ganga itself. Again, a little further down it sends off another branch called the Pagla. river towards the east.

The region has alluvial soils of recent formation, consisting of sandy clay and sand along the course of the rivers and fine silt consolidating into clay. These soils are brown, black brown and red in colour.

The region has a total population of 1, 127, 680 of which 988, 476 (87.66 per cent) are in the rural areas and 139, 204 (12.34 per cent) in the urban areas. English Bazar is the only urban centre in the region. This region is most populous than other regions of thl~ district and having 30.57 per cent ofliterates. Of the total population, the rural areas have recorded 27.44 per cent of main workers, 3.70 per cent of marginal workers and 56.52 per cent of non­ workers whereas the urban areas presented less percentage of main workers (3.33 per cent), marginal workers (0.02 per cent) and non­ workers (8.99 per cent). In the region, the Scheduled castes constitute 9.79 per cent and the Scheduled tribes present 0.41 per cent of the total population. As regards the density of population 845 persons per Km2 are recorded in the: rural areas and lO, 578 persons per Km2 in the urban areas. 141 1 2 3 4 5 6 ------.------The English Bazar and Kaliachak are the main centr~ connected by railway and national highway (No. 34). The state highway (No. 10) which passes through the region connects English Bazar and Manikchak and other centres of the region.

142 DISTRICT MURSHIDABAD REGIONAL DIVISIONS

The district extends from 23 Q45'30· to 24°52'30" North latitudes and from 87°57'30" to 88°46'15" East longitudes. The river Ganga separated this district from Maldah on the north. It is bordered in the north by the district of Maldah and Bangladesh, in the south by the district of Barddhaman and Nadia, in t~le east by Bangladesh and in the West by the state of Bihar and the district of 13irbhum.

The district belongs to Moriband-Delta of the State. It presents a pictun:sque physical configura­ llon. The district is divided into two equal halves by the river Bhagirathi flowing from north to south. The tract to the west of the river has the Rarh charal~teristic being a continuation of the Sub-Vindhyan region (If laterite and nodular undulations. The undulations are interspersed by the rivers and swamps and beds (If old rivers. To the east of the Bhagirathi there presents a low lying area with fertile soil, which is liable t,:> be flooded by the spill of the Bhagirathi and other rivers. The region slopes gently from north-west to south and south-east. Except Bhagirathi, The Dwarka, The Mayurakshi (Babla), The Bhairab and the Jalangi are the main rivers which drain the district. The geological formation vari(~S from recent, pleistocene (Sub-Recent) to lurassic-creataceous. The soils found in the district are associations of Aqualfs-Fluvants­ Aquents, U stalfs-Ochrepts-Aquepts, Fluvents-Aquepts-Aqualfs.

2 The district has 4740149 persons in an area of 5436.90 Km • It has 26 C. D. Blocks comprising 2220 villages and 18urban centres. Of the total population, the district recorded 4245802 persons (89.57 per cent) in the rural areas and 494347 persons (10.43 per cent) in the urban areas. There are 1,424,489 (30.05 per cent) of main workers, 69, 156 (1.46per cent) marginal workers and 3, 246, 504 (68.49 per (:ent) non-workers. In case of Scheduled castl~s and Scheduled tribes, the district has shown 13.40 per cent and 1.30 per cent. The literacy rate is 30.26 per cent to the total population of the district.

On the basis of geology, soils, topography, climate and vegetation, thtl district is divided into 5 Sub~Illicroregions viz.:-

2.6.4.1-Nabagram Plain.

The region extends on the west of the B hagirathi river of the district. The Rajmahal hill is sloping gently down and the land surface also becomes undulating in the region. During the rainy season, the undulating land surfaces are interspersed by the river with sudden rush of water as they rise in the hills. In 1.he north, there is a low lying area upto the basin of the river Bansloi whereas in the eastern slopes of the region, the riverbanks present elevations ranging from 3 to 6 metres high above: the river level. The soils of the region are recent alluvium, hydromorphic and coastal, containing sands and clays and red and loamy. The region has a total population of 361029 in an area of 692.60 Km2• It is entirely rural in character and comprises 274 villages located in 6 C. D. Blocks. The density of population is 521 persons 2 '?er Km • Comparatively, the percentage of Scheduled castes (22.85 per cent) is more than Scheduled lribes (3.81 per cent). The literacy rate is 28.3:2. per cent in this rural area. The region has presented 30.56 per cent of main workers, 2.91 per cent of marginal workers and 66.53 per cent of non-workers.

2.6.4.2- Mayurakshi -Dwarka Plain

In the south-western comer of the district the region lies and exhibits the Rarh characteristic features of the Sub-Vindhyan region. The regi on is slightly undulating, interspersed with numerous beds ::)fthe old rivers. The region is mainly drained by the two rivers viz. the Mayurakshi on the south and the Dwarka on the north. The region has soils of recently formed hydromorphic, coaltal and laterite clay. The region contains 525 villages and 1 urban centre in 6 C. D. Blocks. It has an area of 1033.80 Km2 inhabited by 773311 persons of which 733659 (94.87 per cent) are in the rural areas and 39652 (5.13 per cent) in the urban areas. It has a rural density of 719 persons per Km2 and urban density of 3.062 persons per Km2. The number of Scheduled castes 166,635 (21.55 per cent) is more than Scheduled tribes 5, 847 (0.76 per cent). Considerably, the region has 27.93 per cent of main workers. 1.46 per cent of marginal workers and 70.61 per cent of non-workers. The literacy rate is 33.45 per cent. 143 2.6.4.3-Ganga-Bhagirathi Basin.

The region extends along the Ganga and the Bhagirathi rivers. It is a ling narrow strip of river valley. The Ganga flowing from north to south-east forms the demarcation boundary in between Bangladesh and this region in the north-east. The Bhagirathi bifurcated from the Ganga river at Farrilla and is flowing southward. Then it divides the region into two alm,ost equal parts. Along the channel of the Ganga, some large sand islands are noticed rising up to certain extent. These islands are formed by the <:urrents striking upon the banks of the loose soils, which are then work out. In the region the Bhagirathi tract presents many swamps formed by the meandering course of the Bhagirathi. The soils are recent alluvium, hydrographic and coastal alluvial soils containing sands, clays and sited clays. The soils are brown in colour. The region has 928 villages and 16 urban centres in 23 C. D. Blocks. It has a total 2 population of 2265378 in an area of 2103.40 F:m • Of the total popUlation 80.82 per cent (1830932) are in the rural areas and 19.18 percent (434446) in the urban areas. The density of population is 909 persons per Km2 in the rural areas and 4.842 persons per Km2 in the urban areas. There are 25.45 percent of main workers, 1.36 per cent of marginal workers and 54.01 per cent of non-workers. Whereas the Scheduled eastes and Scheduled tribes have shown 13.23 per cent and 1.35 per cent respectively in the region. the literacy rate of the rural areas (20.90 per cent) is higher than urban areas (9.54 per cent).

2.6.4.4-J alangi-Bhagiratbi Interiluve.

The region covers the area from-the east of Bhagirthi plain to the Jalangi and its tributaries the 13hairab in the south-east. It is a fertile low-lying area. The central portion is higher than the adjoining areas. There is a little growth of forest with a humid climate. The Bhairab is a long river and it receives water from Ganga during the rainy season unkss it will remain dry.

The region has recent alluvial soils with clay and sand. The soils are generally brown in colour. The region has 338 villages and 1 urban centre in 9 C. D. Blocks. It has an area ofl057.40 Km2 inhabited by 903092 parsons of which 882843 (97.76 pt:r cent) reside in the rural areas and 20249 (2.24 per cent) are in the urban areas. It has a rural density of 838 persons per Km2 and urban density of 5088 persons per 2 Km • Regarding the working popUlation, it has recorded 28.50 per cent of main workers, 0.83 per cent of non-workers and 70.67 per cent of non-workers. The Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes have re­ corded 9.96 per cent and 1.14 per cent. The rate of literacy is 29.19 per cent.

:t6.4.S-Raninagar Plain

The region extends in the north-eastem area of the district in between the Bhairab and the Jalangi livers. This region is also a low-lying area cf the "Bagri Tract" and is characterised by the nature of mundation with many swamps. The J alangi originates its course in C. D. Block J alangi itself and forms the district boundary with Nadia by flowing southward, The river Sialmari as offshoot of the PadmalGanga dver meets the Jalangi at this stage. This river gets water from the Padma/Ganga only during the rains. :\1ost probably the soil of this region is alluvial and fertile and more suitable for cultivation of paddy. The ,~egion is entirely rural and covers 4 C. D. Blocks. It has a total population of 437339 inhabited in 155 villages within the area of 548.70. The density of popUlation is 797 persons JX!r Km2. It is observed that I:he percentage of Scheduled castes (5.33 per cent) is more than Scheduled tribes (0.21 per cent). Of the ':otal population, there are found 28.88 per cent of main workers, 0.81 per cent of marginal workers and 70.31 per cent of non-workers. The literacy rate to the total population is 27.32 per cent.

144 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 25

I; D. BLO CK - SANSERGAHJ .lL!!2o . ' WGENAIIE TOWNS \. An.pnalO' WEST BENGAL I. Ho ,. 'ARRAKJU -URRA GE TOWJi!HP DHUUAJI C. O. BLOCK - RAG HUNATHGANJ-II C CHA CHAN'DA ~~ bH DHV!AFfIPA~A DISTRICT MURSHIDABAD L 8aro lUIlI. ! SERPUR 1. KrisMasln A AUR.NG.IAD o..unp", DA DAFAHAT CENSUS CODE 06 J. J UTA ~ C. O. BLOCK - LALGOL A . P PA!CHlIl-PUNROPARA RECIONAL DIVISIONS ~~ SA !AH,f,.IA~ l 11ft1,oTa ~A .JU"'PUR Z. ST.IIIIIOUM MGrIIcIl '"" JI JllGANJ - UII8ANJ 1 JCthhnapvr [ltnllf,"" , BAHARA,wPUff BOUNDARY, INTERNATION AL C. O. BLOCK - - I KB KASIWBAZAR STATE . • . ~~ 1. Konto.nllga, DISTRICT ... C. D. BLOC!( - RAN IHA6AR - 1 SLNO.~ POLICE STATION l Ttlua,a,,I'" Z. G.,I KlllkI,1If C. D. BL OCK .. . 3. HarhIlrfICh"': VILLAGE HA VING 5000 AND ABOVE POPULATION C. D. BL OCK - RAIIIIIAGAR-li • .l!..!!! 'lUGE NANE URBAN AREA t Ro .... gllt '0 ...11:",_ NH34 C. D. BLO CK - NOAOA NATIONAL HIGHWAY = SL NO. Vl.U.;e MAN E STATE HIGHWAY I IMPORTANT METALLED ROAD t ChGfl l lt:ati 1. tMflllpllt RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION, BROAD GAUGE C. O. BLOCK - HARllARPARA RIVER ~ Yn.L AGE)lANE L POd"'OI'lllbl'lIPIIf REGIONAL DMSIONS 2. SahaJadpw C. D. BLOCK - BERHAMP DftE MACRO ~~ MESO W_':'_x-x- L A/.illr,nt,« I I 2. Gouhur 1 ShIId D" , . b ll.,pur MICRO ~ l BonJ l tl D , SUB-MICRO WITH BOUNDARY __ - t. D. BLOCK - OOMKAL St.. HO . ~ t Al"'oof'liloil 2. BDih orplH'Rcu.a C. D. BLOCK - JALAHGI ibJ!!:.~ l Mutodpur JII1GfltI 2. POSt1llltSo1lur.w C. D. BLOCK - - I ~ ~ l ,.,lMlh, .. I. PII H'I 'o ,. "lr up. ,. 91111"".,« 5. MoniknDILOI I. Kl1llcsho I. al,wnboti ~ ~ .....

~ " Ilo) ~ ...... ~

CO f .... ,

SOIL KJI 10 0 10 20 K.

S AQUALFs-r LUVENTS­ AQUENTS

\

2.6 .4.1 NABAGRAM PLAIN

2. 6 .4.2 MAYURAKSH/- DWARKA PLAIN

2.6 .4 .3 GANGA-BHAGIRATHI BASIN

2. 6 .4 .4 JALANGI-BHAGIRATHI INTERFLUVE [READ THE SEQUENCE OF REGIONAL 2.6 .4.5 RANINAGAR PLAIN DIVISIONS WITH REFERENCE TO ALL INOlA MAP CODES UPTO 3 TIER1 2.6.4.3-Ganga-Bhagirathi Basin.

The region extends along the Ganga and the Bhagirathi rivers. It is a ling narrow strip of river valley. The Ganga flowing from north to south-east forms the demarcation boundary in between Bangladesh and this region in the north-east. The Bhagirathi bifurcated from the Ganga river at Farrilla and is flowing southward. Then it divides the region into two alm,ost equal parts. Along the channel of the Ganga, some large sand islands are noticed rising up to certain extent. These islands are formed by the <:urrents striking upon the banks of the loose soils, which are then work out. In the region the Bhagirathi tract presents many swamps formed by the meandering course of the Bhagirathi. The soils are recent alluvium, hydrographic and coastal alluvial soils containing sands, clays and sited clays. The soils are brown in colour. The region has 928 villages and 16 urban centres in 23 C. D. Blocks. It has a total 2 population of 2265378 in an area of 2103.40 F:m • Of the total popUlation 80.82 per cent (1830932) are in the rural areas and 19.18 percent (434446) in the urban areas. The density of population is 909 persons per Km2 in the rural areas and 4.842 persons per Km2 in the urban areas. There are 25.45 percent of main workers, 1.36 per cent of marginal workers and 54.01 per cent of non-workers. Whereas the Scheduled eastes and Scheduled tribes have shown 13.23 per cent and 1.35 per cent respectively in the region. the literacy rate of the rural areas (20.90 per cent) is higher than urban areas (9.54 per cent).

2.6.4.4-J alangi-Bhagiratbi Interiluve.

The region covers the area from-the east of Bhagirthi plain to the Jalangi and its tributaries the 13hairab in the south-east. It is a fertile low-lying area. The central portion is higher than the adjoining areas. There is a little growth of forest with a humid climate. The Bhairab is a long river and it receives water from Ganga during the rainy season unkss it will remain dry.

The region has recent alluvial soils with clay and sand. The soils are generally brown in colour. The region has 338 villages and 1 urban centre in 9 C. D. Blocks. It has an area ofl057.40 Km2 inhabited by 903092 parsons of which 882843 (97.76 pt:r cent) reside in the rural areas and 20249 (2.24 per cent) are in the urban areas. It has a rural density of 838 persons per Km2 and urban density of 5088 persons per 2 Km • Regarding the working popUlation, it has recorded 28.50 per cent of main workers, 0.83 per cent of non-workers and 70.67 per cent of non-workers. The Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes have re­ corded 9.96 per cent and 1.14 per cent. The rate of literacy is 29.19 per cent.

:t6.4.S-Raninagar Plain

The region extends in the north-eastem area of the district in between the Bhairab and the Jalangi livers. This region is also a low-lying area cf the "Bagri Tract" and is characterised by the nature of mundation with many swamps. The J alangi originates its course in C. D. Block J alangi itself and forms the district boundary with Nadia by flowing southward, The river Sialmari as offshoot of the PadmalGanga dver meets the Jalangi at this stage. This river gets water from the Padma/Ganga only during the rains. :\1ost probably the soil of this region is alluvial and fertile and more suitable for cultivation of paddy. The ,~egion is entirely rural and covers 4 C. D. Blocks. It has a total population of 437339 inhabited in 155 villages within the area of 548.70. The density of popUlation is 797 persons JX!r Km2. It is observed that I:he percentage of Scheduled castes (5.33 per cent) is more than Scheduled tribes (0.21 per cent). Of the ':otal population, there are found 28.88 per cent of main workers, 0.81 per cent of marginal workers and 70.31 per cent of non-workers. The literacy rate to the total population is 27.32 per cent.

144 TABLE 1 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS District : MURSHIDABAD Census Location Code No. 06 State : WEST BENGAL

No. of No. of T Area in T Po![>ulation Region No. Villages in Towns in R Km2. R and Name each each U U Persons Males Females region region 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

2.6.4.1 274 T 693.60 T 361029 184760 176269 Nabagram R 693.60 R 361029 184760 176269 Plain U 0.00 U 0 0 0

2.6.4.2 525 T 11)33.80 T 773311 397989 375322 Mayurakshi R 11)20.85 R 733659 377462 356197 Dwarka Plain U 12.95 U 39652 20527 19125

2.6.4.3 928 17 T 2103.40 T 2265378 1163275 1102103 Ganga Bhagirathi R 2)13.67 R 1830932 941786 889146 Basin U 89.73 U 434446 221489 212957

2.6.4.4 338 T 1')57.40 T 903092 467222 435870 Jalangi Bhagirathi R l:J53.42 R 882843 456846 425997 lnterfluve U 3.98 U 20249 10376 9873

2.6.4.5 155 T 548.70 T 437339 226096 211243 Raninagar R 548.70 R 437339 226096 211243 Plain U 0.00 U 0 0 0

*The summation of the area figures of the Police Stations under each district will not tally with the concerned district area figures because the former represent those supplied by the Slate Director of Land Records and Survey while the later represents those supplied by the Surveyor General, India.

TABLE 2 REGIONWISE VILLAGE CODES, 1991 District : MURSHIDABAD Census lL.ocation Code No. 06 State : WEST BENGAL

Location Total No. of Area of Regional Division Code No. of Villages Division in Kmz. Number C.D. Block Census Remarks and Name Villages Of C.D In as per 1991 Block Division Total Rural Urban I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2.6.4.1 Samsergenj 69 to 76 8 274 693.60 693.60 Nabagram Plam Suli· I 17 to 36. 41. 42 22 LC 37 to 40 are in Region No.2.6.4.3

Suti -11 I to 3, 16 4 LC 4 to 15 is in Region No.2.6.4.3

Raghunathganj - [ 100 to 110, 112, 28 U: 111, 113 to 117, 127 to 131, 138 118 to 126, 132 to to 155 are in Region No.2.6.4.3 137, 156

Sagardlghi I to 39, 48 to 101. 122 LC 40 to 47, 102, 103. 107, 129 to 1:l4 to 106. 108 to 164 are in Region :-10.2.6.4.3 128, 165 to 169

Nabagrarn I to 72, 75 to 80, 90 U~ 94 to 108 are in Region No. 82, 84 to 93. 109 2.6.4.3. LC 73, 74, 81. 83 are in Regior. No. 2.6.4.2

2.6.4.2 Nabagram 73, 74. 81, 83 4 525 1033.80 1020.85 12.95 LC 75 to 80 and 82 are in Region Mayurakshi No. 2.6.4.1 Dwarka 1 Town Plain Khargrarn 1 to 155 155

Burwan 1 to 160 160

Kandi 1 to 30.34. 36, 42 84 LC 63, 85 to 88, 90, 91. 93 are to 62, 64 to 84, 89, Urbanised. 1£31 to 33. 35, 37 to 92,94 to IOJ 41 are in Region No. 2.6.4.3 l47 J 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Bharatpur - I 1 to 56, 62 to 84, 81 LC 57 to 61 are in C.D. Block 123,124 Ban.tpur n.

BharatpUI - n 57 to 61, 85 to 103, 41 LC 104 to 101, 125 to 137, 140 to 108 to 122, 138, 139 144 are in Region No. 2.6.4.2

2.6.4.3 Farakka I 10 35, 36 (Part) 10 73 928 2103.40 2013.67 89.13 LC 36 is Urbanised partly. LC 64 Ganga- 63, 93 to 97, 98, to 92, 99 to 125 are not existing Bhagirathi 126 to 128, 129 as rer D.C.H. Basin Samserganj 64 to 68, 77 to 81, 33 LC Ito 63, 92 to 99, 1J4 to !l8, 83 to 91, 100 to 103, 120. 121 are not existing as per DCH. 105, 107 to 113, 119, LC 69 to 76 are in Region No. 2.6.4.1. 122 LC 82, 104, 106 are Urbanised.

Suti - II 4 to 15, 44 to 55, 40 LC 56, 57, 59, 63 are Urbanised. 58,60 to 62, 64, 67 LC 65, 66, 1J 2 are not existing \0 73, 76 to 79 as per OCH. LC 16 to 36, 41, 42 are in Region No. 2.6.4.1

Suli - I 31 to 40, 43, 74, 75, 40 LC 41, 42 are in Region No. 2.6.4.1 80 to 111, lJ3

Raghunathganj - I I to 4, 90 to 99, 39 LC 5 to 7,9 are Urbanised. LC 100 to Ill, 113 \0 m, 1l0, 112, 118 to 126, 132 to 137 are 127 to 131, 138 to lSI in Region No. 2.6.3.1

Raghunatbganj - II 8, 10 to 23, 25 to 85 LC 24 is not existing as per OCH 89, 157, 152 to 155

Segardighi 40 to 47, 102, 103, 75 LC 48 to 101, 104 to 106, 108 to 128, 107, 129 to 164, 165 to 169 are in Region No. 2.6.4.1 107 to 197

Laigola I to 63, 69 to 79, 87 LC 83, 86 to 88 are not existing as 81, 82, 84, 85, per OCH. LC 64 to 68, 97 are in 89 to 96, 98 Re!~on No. 2.6.4.4. LC 80 Urbanised.

Bhagwangola . I I to 3, 10 to 30, 29 LC 4, 6 to 9, 31 to 35, 37 to 39, 42 36, 40, 41, 67, 68 to 58, 60 to 62 are in Region No. 2.6,4.4. LC 5 is not existing as per OCR. LC 78 to 99, 117, 118, 120 to 124 are in Region No. 2.6.4.4.

Raninagar . I I to 9, 15 10 24, 44 20 LC 25 to 43 are in Region No. 2.6.4.5

Raninagar -n 10 to 14, 77 to 80, 29 LC 45 to 76, 81 are in Region No. 82 to 101 2.6.4.5

Mursbidabad· 1 to 18,41 to 43, 47, 79 LC 44 10 46, 49 to 55, 57 to 65, 70, Jiaganj 48, 56, 66 to 69, 72, 71 are Urbanised. LC 19 to 4Q are in 73 of Murshidabad P.S Region No. 2.6.4.4. LC 3 to 9, 11 to I, 2, 10, 14 to 31, 37, 13, 32 to 36, 38, 39 of Jaiaganj P.S. 40 to 66 of Jiaganj P.S. are not existing as per DCR.

Nabagrnm 94 to 108, no to 1lS 24 LC 109 is in Region No. 2.6.4.1

Kandi 31 to 33, 35, 37 to 41 9 LC 34, 36 are in Region No. 2.6.4.2

Bharatpur - I 125 to 135 in P.S of 11 Bharatpur

Bharatpur - n 104 to 107, 136, 137, 11 LC 108 to 124, 138, 139 are in Region 140 to 144 in PS. of N(I. 2,6.4.2 Salar

Beldanga - I 1 to 6, 10, 11, 31 to 48, 33 LC 7 to 9, 12 to 30, 49, 50, 52 to 58 59 to 65 in P,S. an: in Region No. 2.6.4.3. LC 51 of Beldanga Urbanised.

Beldanga - II 66 to 119, 123, 129 in P.S. 56 LC 120 to 122, 124 10 128 are in of Rejinagar Region No. 26.4.3

Berhampore 1 to 16, 18 to 65, 71 to 82 LC 17, 92 to 100, 102 are Crbanised. 91, lot, 103, 105 U: 66 to 76, 104 are in Region No 2.6,4,4. Domkal 17 148 1 Z 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Jalangi I, 4 to 24. 30 to 32, 36 LC l. 3. 25 to 29, 33 to 42 are in 43 to 53 Regi,)n No. 2.6.4.5

2.6.4.4 Bhagwangola - I 4.6 10 9, 31 to 35, 31 338 1057.40 1053.42 3.98 l.C ~ is not existing as per DCH. LC Jalangi- 37 to 39, 42. 45 to 58, I ToWII 10 te, 30. 36, 40, 41 are in Region Bhagirathi 60 to 62 No. 2.6.4.3 I.o!erfJuvc Bhagwangola - II 43, 44, 59, 63, 64, 78 to 34 l.C 65 to 77, 100 to 116, 119 are in 99, 117. 118. 120 to',124 Regj')R No. 2.6.4.3

Murshidabad- 19 to 40, 74 to 104 53 l.C 41 10 43, 47, 48, 56, 66 to 69, 72, Jiaganj 73 a-e in Region No. 2.6.4.3 l.C 44 to 46. 49 to 55, 57 to 65. 70, 71 are Urbanised.

LaIgola 64 to 68. 79.97 7 l.C 69 to 78 in Region No. 2.6.4.3

Beldanga - I 7 to 9, 12 to 30. 49, 33 LC 51 is Urbanised 50, 52 10 58, 120, 125 l.C ~0.11, 31 to 48, 59 10 119 are in Region No. 2.6.4.3

Beldanga - II 121. 122. 124, 126 to 15 LC 123, 129 are in Region No. 2.6.4.3 128. 130 to 138

Hariharpara I to 63 63

Noada 1 to 39 39

Berhampore 66 to 76. 104, 106 63 l.C 77 to 91, 101, 103, 105 are in to 156 Region No. 2.6.4.3. LC 92 to 100, 102 are Urbanised.

2.6.4.5 Raninagar - I 25 to 43. 45 to 69, 73 in 45 155 548.70 548.70 LC 44 is in Region No. 2.6.4.3 Ranioagar P.S of Islampur Plain

Raninagar - II 70 to 72, 74 to 76, 81 LC 77 to 80 are in Region No. 2.6.4.3 in P.S. of Raninagar

Domkal 1 10 16. 18 to 25, '1:1 to 86 LC 17 is in Region No. 2.6.4.3. l.C 26 88 is not existing as per OCR.

Jalangi 2.3,25 to 29, 33 to 42 17 LC 4 to 24, 30 to 32 are in Region No.2.6.4.3

TABLE 3 DATA ON REG[ONAL DIVISIONS· TOTAL District : MURSHIDABAD Census Location Code No. 06 State : WEST BENGAL

Region No. Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non • Workers and Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females Persons l Males I Females Persons 1 Males I Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 L 6 I 7 8 _l 9 1 10 2.6.4.1 110322 94564 15758 10520 1124 9396 240187 89072 151115 Nabagram Plain

2.6.4.2 216023 206479 9544 11263 2167 9096 546025 189343 356682 Mayurakshi- Dwarka Plain

2.6.4.3 714446 577081 137365 36376 6169 30207 1514556 580025 934531 Ganga-Bhagirathi Basin

2.6.4.4 257375 246272 11103 7460 1873 5587 63·3257 219077 419180 Jalangi-Bhagirathi Interfluve

2.6.4.5 126323 119311 7012 3537 973 2564 307479 105812 201667 Raninagar Plain 149 TABLE 4 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - RURAL District : MURSHIDABAD Census Location Code No. 06 State : WEST BENGAL

Region No. Total 'Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non • Workers and Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Female!1 Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 I 9 I 10

2.6.4.1 110322 94564 15758 10520 1124 9396 240187 89072 151115 Nabagram Plain

2.6.4.2 205390 196774 8616 11148 2092 9059 511121 178596 338525 Mayuralcshi- Dwarka Plain

2.6.4.3 576599 472510 104089 30789 5337 25452 1223544 463939 759605 Ganga-Bhagirathi Basin

2.6.4.4 251868 241368 10500 7184 1794 5390 623791 213684 410107 Jalangi-Bhagirathi Interfluve

2.6.4.5 126323 119311 7012 3537 973 2564 307479 105812 201667 Raninagar Plain

TABLE 5 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - URBAN District : MURSHIDABAD Census Location Code No. 06 State : WEST BENGAL

Region No. Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers and Name Main Workers MargUBal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I FemaleH Persons I Males J Females Pel'sons J Males 1Females 1 2 J 3 I 4 5 I 6 J 7 8 I 9 I 10 2.6.4.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nabagram Plain

2.6.4.2 10633 9705 928 115 75 40 28904 10747 18157 Mayurakshi- Dwarka Plain

2.6.4.3 137847 104571 33276 5587 832 4755 29]012 116086 174926 Ganga-Bhagirathi Basin

2.6.4.4 5507 4904 603 276 79 197 14466 5393 9073 Jalangi-Bhagirathi Interfluve

2.6.4.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1) 0 0 Raninagar Plain

150 TABLE 6 DATA ON ItEGIONAL DIVISIONS District : MURSHlDABAD Census Location Code No. 06 State : WEST BENGAL

T Literates T SCheduled castes T Scheduled tribes Region No. R R R and Name U U U Persons1 Males lFemales Persons I Males IFemales }'ersons I Males IFemales 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

2.6.4.1 T 102229 66136 36093 T 82505 42433 40072 T 13765 6953 6812 Nabagram R 102229 66136 36093 R 82505 42433 40072 R 13765 6953 6812 Plain U 0 0 0 U 0 0 0 U 0 0 0

2.6.4.2 T 258666 165676 92990 T 166635 86460 80175 T 5847 2968 2879 Mayuraskhi- R 237349 153211 84138 R 158518 82286 76232 R 5762 2922 2840 Dwarka U 21317 12465 8852 U 8117 4174 3943 U 85 46 39 Plain

2.6.4.3 T 689544 434692 254852 T 299611 154474 145137 T 30668 15607 15061 Ganga- R 473487 309157 164330 R 226411 117080 109331 R 29043 14727 14316 Bhagirathi U 216057 125535 90522 U 73200 37394 35806 U 1625 880 745 Basin

2.6.4.4 T 263651 159084 104567 1 62892 32425 30467 T 10325 5233 5092 Jalangi- R 252641 152887 99754 R 61454 31711 29743 R 10325 5233 5092 Bhagirathi U 11010 6197 4813 l 1438 714 724 U 0 0 0 Interfluve

2.6.4.5 T 120362 73678 46684 1 23328 12040 11288 T 908 444 464 Raninagar R 120362 73678 46684 1 23328 12040 11288 T 908 444 464 Plain U 0 0 0 V 0 0 0 U 0 0 0

STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS District: MURSHIDABAD Census Location Code No. 06 Stat(~: West Bengal S1. No.and name of Administrative :~o. the Regional Divisions Geology Soils Physio-Cultural Characteristics Divisions (c. D. Blocks) 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Division No. 1. Samserganj AlluvilID Aqualfs- The region extends on the west of 2.6.4.1 2. Suti-I Older Fluvents- the Bhagirathi river. As the Rajmahal Nabagram 3. Suti-II Alluvium Aquepts. hill slopes gently down in this region Plain. 4. Raghunathganj-I Lateri.e the land lies at an elevation. The 5. Sagardighi eastern slope of the region is marked 6. Nabagram by the cliffs and bluffs. Some other hillocks are found existing here, which are covered with Sal and Mahua trees. The undulating surfaces are mostly interspersed by the rivers with sudden rush of water during the rainy season. There is a line oflow-lying area in the north upto the basin of the river Bhagirathi in Samserganj, Raghunathganj and Suti-I and Suti-II C. D. Blocks. This portion is very fertile and suitable for the growing of paddy, wheat and gram etc. 1St 1 2 3 4 5 6 The region has an area of 693.60 Km2 inhabited by 361, 029 persons. Of the total popUlation, 30.56 per cent of main workers, 2.91 per cent of marginal workers and 66.53 per cent of non-workers are found. The percentage of Scheduled castes (22.85 per cent) is higher than the Scheduled tribes (3.81 per cent) and having 28.32 per cent of literates in the region. This region is entirely rural and thinly populated with a density of 521 2 persons per Km • In considering about the communication system, the southern half of the region has good connection of roads, National high­ way (No. 34) and railways (broad gauge) which passes through Nabagram, Sagardighi and Raghunathganj centres. In the north­ eastern part of the region mainly in P. S. Suti and Shasharganj there is no metalled road connecting with other important places of the region.

2. Division No. 1. Nabagram Alluvium Aqualfs­ The region covers the Khargram, 2.6.4.2 2. Khargram Fluvents­ Kandi, Bharatpur and Nabagram C. Mayurakshi - 3. Burwan Aquepts, D. Blocks and lies on the west of Dwarka Plain. 4. Kandi Ustalfs­ Bhagirathi river. It is learnt that this 5. Bharatpur-I Ochrepts­ region is a continuation of the Sub­ 6. Bharatpur-ll Aquepts. vindhayan region, which is known as "Rarh" in this western part of Bhagirathi. In the region there presents sEght undulation which is interspersed with numerous beds of old rivers. Along the western boundary of the district towards Birbhum the region has higher elevation. The Mayurakshi on the south and the Dwarka on the north are the two tributaries of the Bhagirathi. These rivers are flowing through the central plain of the region from west to east. The rivers are originated from the hills and have a sudden outflow of water. But these rivers do not flood the area under water for any considerable time. The region becomes very fertile and more suited for winter paddy crop. The climate is drier than the eastern tract. Paddy, Wheat, Gram, Sugarcane, Pulses and Mustard are also cultivated in the region. The tract called Hijal (locally) near the confluence of 152 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mayuraksbi and Dwarka rivers covered with grasses and mulberry plants.

The region comprises 525 villages and 1 town in an area of! 033 .80 Km2. There is a total population of773, 311 of which 733, 659 persons (94.87 per cent) are in the rural and 39, 652 persons (5.13 per cent) in the urban areas. The region has rural density of 719 persons per Km2 and urban density of 3,062 persons per Km2. Of the total population, the region has 1.37 per cent of main workers, 0.01 per cent of marginal workers and 3.74 per cent of non-workers in the urban areas whereas in the rural areas 26.56 per cent of main workers, 1.44 per cent of marginal workers and 66.87 per cent of non-workers are recorded. The Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes have presented 21.55 per cent and 0.76 per cent. In case ofliteracy, there are 33.45 per cent of literates. All the important centres of the region are connected by roads and State highway (No.7&U).

3. Division No. 1. Farrakka Alluvium Aqualfs- The region extends along the 2.6.4.3 2. Samserganj Rajrnahal Fluvents- Ganges and the Bhagirathi rivers. Ganga- 3. Suti-I Trap Aquents, Being demarcated along the river Bhagirathi 4. Suti-IT Fluvents- basins the region is a long and Basin. S. Raghunathganj-I Aquepts- narrow strip of river valley area. The 6. Raghunalhg8l1j-D Aqualfs. 7. Sagardighi GangaJPadma flowing from north to 8. Lalgola south limits its boundary with 9. Bhagawangola-l Bangladesh. The Bhagirathi 10. Bhagawangola-ll bifurcates from the Ganga river at 11.Raninagar-I Farrakka in the north and then flows 12.Raninagar-U southward. It divides the region into 13.Murshidabad equal parts. In the channel of the 14.Jiaganj Ganges, large sand islands are found IS.Nabagram rising which are formed by the 16.Kandi current. The banks of the Bhagirathi 17. Bharatpur-I are sloping gently on one side and 18. Bharatpur-U 19.Beldanga-I found riSing on the other. Its tract 20.Beldanga-II extends from the present channel 21.Berhampore around 8 to 16 Kms. and become very 22.Domkol fertile. In the northern part of the 23.Jalangi region bamboos are growing extensively while the southern side is widely cultivated for plantation of mulberry. The region is very much fertile and more suitable for cultivation of Paddy, Jute and other

153 1 2 3 4 5 6 rabi crops. Paddy is the main crop of the region.

In the district the region has the largest area of 21 03.40 Knr containing 928 vil1ag~~s and 16 towns. There is a total population of 2, 265, 378 and presented 30.44 per cent ofliterates. Of the total population, 80.82 per cent (1, 830, 932) live in the rural areas and 19.18 per cent (434, 446) in the urban areas. In the region 25.45 per cent of main workers, 1.36 per cent of marginal workers and 54.01 per cent of non-workers are found in the rural areas whereas 6.08 per cent of main workers, 0.25 per centof marginal workers and 12.85 per cent of non-workers are shown in the urban areas. In the region, the proportion of Scheduled castes (13.23 per cent) is higher than Scheduled tribes (1.35 per cent). The rural and urban densities of population are 909 persons per Km2 and 4, 842 persons per Km2 respectively. Among the urban centres, Barahampur (M) is the biggest town in the region. All the urban centres have a good communication system connecting with other important centres within and outsid,~ the district.

4. Division No. 1. Bhagawangola-I Alluvium Fluvents- The region extends its boundary 2.6.4.4 2.Bhagawangola-ll Aquepts- from the Bhagirathi plain in the. west Jalangi - 3. Murshidabad- Aqualfs. to the in the east and to Bhagirathi Jiaganj the river Jalangi in the south-west. Interfluve. 4. Lalgola This region occupies nearly an area 5. Beldanga-I measuring 24 Kms. in length and 12 6. Beldanga-II Kms. in breadth. It is a low lying 7. Hariharpara 8. Naoda alluvial area with humid climate. The 9. Berhampore central p01tion is inferior in quality. Along the district boundary towards the south, it merges gradually into the fertile "Kalantar Tract" which is a low lying area. The Bhairab is an old river, which receives water from Ganga I Padma during the rainy season unless it will dry. The Bhairab meets the at Fazilnagar along the district boundary.

The region has alluvial soils of 154 2 3 4 5 6 sand and clay. The surface soils are stiff and of dark clay. This area is very fertile and suited for cultivation of paddy. Paddy is the principal crop of the region. I)otato, pulses and oilseeds are also grown abundantly. The mulberry trees are widely cultivated in Murshidabad, Berahampur and Beldanga. Besides, sugarcane as a cash crop is also grown in the region.

There are 903, 092 persons inhabiting in 338 villages and 1 urban centre. Of the total popUlation, 882, 843 persons (97.76 per cent) live in the rural areas and 20, 249 persons (2.24 per cent) in the urban areas and having 29.19 per cent of literates. There are 6.96 per cent of Scheduled castes and] .41 per cent of Scheduled tribes. In case of main workers, mar­ ginal workers and non-workers, lower proportions of 6.08 per cent, 0.25 per cent and 12.85 per cent are found in the urban areas and higher proportions of 27.89 per cent, 0.80 per cent and 69.07 per cent are recorded in the rural areas. The region has an area of 2 1057.40 Km • Beldanga (M) is the only town with the density of 5088 persons p,er Km2 while the rural 2 density is 838 persons per Km • Regarding the communication system, all the important roads, railway lines and highwa.ys are passing through this region. The vi1lages are more or less evenly distributed, however some are concen1rated near the headquarters of the region.

5. Division No. 1. Raninagar-I Alluvium Fluvents­ The region lies in the north­ 2.6.4.5 2. Raninagar-II Aquepts­ eastern portion of the district Raninagar 3. Domkal Aqualfs. covering the area in between the river Plain. 4. Jalangi. Bhairab and the Jalangi river. This area may be called as "Raninagar Plain". It is a low-lying area of the "Bagri Tract". Geographically, the tract lying in the east of Bhagirathi river is called as Bagri. The river Jalangi originates from C. D. Block Jalangi and flowing southward along the district boundary with Nadia. 155 1 2 3 4 5 6 Whereas the river Siahnari as a branch of river Padma is flowing in between the Bhairab and Jalangi and finally meets the Jalangi river. The river Sialmari is very much silted and gets water from the mother river Padma during the rains.

The soil is alluvial and fertile. It is very much suitable for cultivation of paddy, jute and other rabi crops. In the eastern tract there are many bills. Mulberry and indigo trees are grown in this area.

The region is entirely rural and having a tot.al population of 437,339 inhabited in 155 villages. It has an area of 548.70 Km2, which presents a rural density of797 persons per J

156 DISTRICT NADIA REGIONAL DIVISIONS

The district is extending in between 22°52'30" and 24005'40" North latitudes, and 88008'10" and 88"48'15" East longitudes. It is bounded on the north and north-west by the , on the west and south-west by the Barddhaman and Hugli districts, on the south and south-east by the North Twentyfour Parganas district and on the east by Bangladesh. The district has 17 C. D. Blocks with a population, 3, 852,097 inhabited in an area of 471)8.40 Km2. Of the total population, 2, 980, 279 (77 .37 pel cent) are recorded in the rural areas and 87J, 818 (22.64 per cent) in the urban areas. There are 28.81 per cent of main workers, 0.53 per cent of marginal workers and 70.66 per cent of non-workers. In the district, the Scheduled castes more populated than Scheduled tribes and presented 29.01 per cent and 2.35 per cent. There are 43.79 per cent of literates of which 29.35 per cent are found in the rural areas and 14.44 per cent in the urban areas,

Geographically, the district belongs to the Moriband Delta of Region No. 2.6.4 of the state of West Bengal. It is a large alluvial plain area and ir.tersected by rivers, streams and swamps. A number of rivl::rs such as the Bhagirathi, the Jalangi, and the Churni drained the district flowing towards south. The low laying tract of black clay soil, called "Kalanrar" lies in the western part ofthe district. The tract is stretching in between the Bhagirathi and the Jalangi rivers. The Bhagirathi forms the western boundary with Barddhaman district. But the eastern bank 'is lower and hence the south-ea8tern slope adjacent to the river is marked by the embankment. As regards geology, the district is composed of recent formation. Tb:: soils are Aqualfs-Fluvents-Aquents, Fluvents·Aquepts-Aqualfs and Ochrepts-Fluvents. In the region there is no specific forest.

On the basis of geology, soils, topography, climate and vegetation, the district is divided into 5 sub-micro regions.

2.6.4.1-Bhagirathi Plain

The region covers the whole stretch of the Bhagirathi river. It flows from north to south in the western side of the district and forms the distric1: boundary with Barddhaman, The Bhagirathi is also called the Hugli from the confluence of the JaIangi river at . The region has many swamps caused by the water of Bhagirathi. There is no forests and its soil is related to recent allu vial. The region ha~: 216 villages and 4 urban centres in 7 C. D. Blocks. There are 676, 590 persons residing in an area of 573.70 Km2. Of the total population, 378, 581(5:5.95 per cent) are in the rural an:as and 298009 (44.05 per cent) in urban areas. The densities of population 738 persons per Km2 and 4, 909 persons per Km2 are recorded in rural and urban areas respectively. Considerably, the region has 30.16 per cent of main workers, 0.64 per cent of marginal workers and 69.20 per cent of non-workers. It is observed that the percentage of Scheduled castes (25.71 per cent) is more than Scheduled tribes (1.62 per cent) whereas the rate ofliteracy of the region is 45.50 per cent.

2.6.4.2-Jalangi-Bhagirathi Interfluve

The region extends in between the Bhagirathi on the west and the Jalangi on the east. The area belongs to the Kalanter tract. The Jalangi originates from the Murshidaba9 district and falls into the Bhagirathi towards the south. There are many old beds which are flooded and silled during the rains. It ha~, recent alluvium of soils which is brown in colour. The region covers 5 C. D. Blocks comprising 194 vil;ages and 3 urban centres. There is a total population of 555,650 residing in an area of718.30 Km2. Of the total population 526,639 (94.78 per cent) live in the rural areas and 29,011 (5.22 per cent) in urban areas. Its density of population accounts for 742 persons per Km2 in the rural areas and 3, 249 pelsons per Km2 in the urban areas. The rergion has recorded 19.44 per cent of Scheduled castes and 0.83 per cent of Scheduled tribes. The literacy ratt is 33.20 per cent. Whereas the main workers, marginal workers and non-workers have shown 27.76 per cent, 0.27 per cent and 71.97 per cent respectively in the region.

157 2.6..4.3-Nadia Plain North

The region covers the north-eastern part of district bordering Bangladesh. The Jalangi river fonns the western boundary of the region. The Bhairab and the Mathabhanga rivers traverse the area. Mathabhanga is a branch of , flowing some kilometres along the boundary of C. D. Block of this region and than enters in Bangladesh. Many depressions are formed by the presence of old channels and meandering rivers. It has alluvial soils of recent formation, which is brown in colour. Thi,s region is entirely rural comprising 235 villages in 5 C. D. Blocks. It has a total population of 602, 104 residing in 804.30 Km2 with a density of749 persons perKm2. It can be observed that the region has 27.52 per cent of literates. The percentage of Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes are 5.33 per cent and 0.21 per cent. This rural area has presented 28.88 per cent of main workers, 0.81 per cent of marginal workers and 70.31 per cent of non-workers.

2.6.4.4-Krishnanagar- Santipur Plain

The region occupies the central plain area of the district. The Jalangi and the Bhagirathi basin limits its boundary on the north-west and by the Churni on the south-east. The is a branch of I:he Mathabhanga and after flowing a little distance towards south it discharges. fInally then falls into Bhagirathi. The region is sloping towards south-west and many dead river courses and swamps are found developing. Shallow black brown and recent alluvial soils are found in the region. It has 892,474 persons inhabiting in 280 vi1lages and 8 urban centres in 7 C. D. Blocks. Of the toti} population 636, 526 (7] .32 per cent) reside in the rural areas and 255, 948 (28.68 per cent) in the urban areas. The region has an area of 1634.90 Km2with a density of406 persons per Km2 in rural areas and 3,835 persons per Km2 in lrban areas. Considerably, the population of Scheduled castes is higher than Scheduled tribes in the region and presented 30.53 percent and 2.21 percent respectively. The literacy rate is 65.67 per cent of wh.ich 27.92 per cent are recorded in the rural areas and 18.10 per cent in the urban areas. The region has shown 29.78 per cent of main workers, 0.66 per cent of marginal workers and 69.56 per cent of non­ workers.

2.t;.4.5-Ranagbat-Chakdah Plain

The region lies over the south-eastern prot of the district. The Churni river separates the region from the region of the Krishnagar Santipur plain. The region is characterised as a low lying area and sloping gradually towards south. The Ichhamati as a branch of Mathabhanga fOffils the eastern boundary of the district till it enters in the district of North 'fwentyfour Parganas. This region is also characterised by the presence of numerous depressions and swamps due to the frequent changc~s of the river courses. In the region, the shallow black, brown and recent alluvial soils are found. This region covers 6 C. D. Blocks comprising of 418 villages and 12 urban centres with a population of 1, 125, 279 of which it records 836,429 persons or 74.33 per cent in the rural areas and 288, 850 persons or 25.67 per cent in the urban areas. The region has an area of 977 .20 Km2 and gives rise to the density of population 941 persons per Km2 for rural and 3, 268 persons per Km2 for urban. The literates persons are more concentrated in the urban areas and presented 34.62 per cent whereas the urban areas are recorded 17.47 per cent. Regarding, the Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes there are 38.76 per cent and 4.28 per cent. Whereas the proportions of main workers, marginal workers and non-workers are 27.87 per cent, 0.50 per cent and 71.63 per cent in the region.

158 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 26

C.O.BLOCK RANAGHA T I Sl No TOWN NAME -,- 'TiimUR WEST BENGAL 2 BIRNAGAIIIMI l AISTAlA 4 RANAGliAlIII) DISTRICT NADIA C.O.BLOCK RANAGHAT /I .!!...!!! TOWN_ CENSUS CODE 07 I NASHA 2 PAR1IIIATI'IIII REQIONAL DIVISION S l MAGIJRIGIAU 4 HIJt.U Kr .. ~i._.==::::l. __otIO==::i'~ __.2CO=:::::J2~ km C.D.BLOCK NABAOWIP Sl No TOWN IWIE -r NAaADWI'I.1 2 CHAR IWIltA ! ~_GAR '\ ~ BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL -.-.- C.O. B~OCK ~~~~A TA '" DISTRICT Sl N. TOWN NAIl!: , - ,- ~~~ OARY ~ POLICE STATION 2 OIGIIA '\ C. D. BL OCK ... C.D.BLOCK KRISHNAGARe!, Sl No TOWN NAME ., VILLAGE HAVING ~OOO AND ABOVE POPULATION -r KRISIIIAHAGAR IM1, • URBAN AREA ...... <::) ""~""'- """"''''''-~''''''''''''1 NA TIONAL HIGHWAY .. . NH34

ST ATE HIGHWAY I IMPORTANT I-£TALLED ROAD __!!!!_/-­ ; r RAIL WAY UNt WITH STATION, BROAD GAUGE ... RAILWAY UNE WIT!; STATION, NARIlOW GAUGE

RIVER

REGIONAL DIVISIONS ••• 2. e. 4. I. I tIt MAR CO '0 l> .,..: MESO L~_t_ I I MICRO y- SUB-MICRO WITH BOUNDARY L_.. _._

\

[READ THE - SEQUANCE OF fI. REGIONAL DIVISIONS Y WITH REFERENCE TO ALL INOlA MAP CODES c1' UPTO 3 TIER) _

(I) C.O.BLOCK TEHA TTA II 2. • • 4. L BltAC I~ A"" BASIN SL No VILLAGE NAME GEOLOGY 2. 6. 4. 2. JAU"Ol·8\tAOIll''''' IITERFlUVE -,- Goplnothpur :z: ,.".~_._ ~ro_~20 ~I'II 2.•• 4. 3. NADIA PUIN NO~'" 2 Paloslporo 2.'.4. 4. ktmHIIAOAR·"NTIPIJI! PlAIN ct C.O.BLOCK KALIGANJ 2. 6. 4 . ~. RANAOItAf.{·"A~OA'" PlAIN (J) SL No Y!-~ I 8aro ChondQhor Q: 2 Chhoto Chondqhor C,O.BLOCK KRISHNA GAR I C.O.BLOCK RANAGHAT I VILLAGE NAME ct ~ SL No VILLAGE NAME I Rutput

TABLE 1 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS District : NADIA Census Loca<~on Code No. 07 State : WEST BENGAL

No. of No. of T Area in T Population Region No. Villages in Towns in R Kln'. R and Name each each U U region region Persons M~,les Females [ 1 2 4 S 7 I) 3 6 B 2 6.4. 1 216 5 T 573.70 T 676590 348307 328283 Bhagirathi R 512.99 R 378581 196.505 182076 Basin U 60.71 U 298009 151302 146207

2 6.4.2 194 3 T 718.30 T 555650 287805 267845 J,lIangi R 709.37 R 526639 273:.m 253622 II hagirathi U 8.93 U 29011 14788 14223 lilterfluve

2. 6. 4. 3 235 T 804.30 T 602104 311780 290324 Nadia R 804.30 R 602104 311780 290324 Plain North U 0.00 U 0 0 0

2.6.4.4 280 9 T 1634.90 T 892474 460730 431744 Krishnagar R 1568 16 R 636526 329933 306593 Santipur U 6674 U 255948 130797 125151 Flain

2.6.4.5 418 14 T 97720 T 1125279 581219 544060 Ranaghat R 88880 R 836429 433490 402939 Chakdaha U 8840 U 288850 147729 141121 Plain

"The summation of the area figures of the Police Stations under each district will not tally with the concerned district area ligures because the former represent those supplied by the State Director of Land Records and Survey while the later represents those supplied by the Surveyor General, India.

'TABLE 2 REGIONWISE \ ILLAGE CODES, 1991 District : NADIA Census Location Code No. 07 State : WEST BENGAL

Location Total Nu. of Area of Regional , )ivision Code No. of Villages Division in Kml. ,~umber C.D. Block Census Remarks 'md Name Villages Of C.D. In as per 1991 Block Division Total Rural Urban I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 6.4. 1 KaliganJ 1 to 3, II to 23 79 • 216 573.70 512.99 60.71 LC 4 to 10.24 to 37, Elhagirathi 38 to 54, 74 to 4 Towns 55 Ie 73, 114 are Basin 113, 115 to 120 in Rt:gion No. 2.6.4.2

Nakashipara 10 to 21, 54 (0 66, 31 LC ) to 9,22 to 103 to 106.108 45,4",49 to 53,67 to 109 102,.c07 are h Region No. 2.6.4.2 LC 46,48 Urbanised.

Krishnagar·IJ 1 to 3,6 to 10, 9 LC 4,5,11,12 are in 13 reglOn No. 2.6.4.2

Nabawip 1 to 3,5 to 10, IS LC 4,16 to 21, 12 to 14,22,26 to Urbwised. 30 LC [1,15,23 to 25 are in Region No. 2.6A.4

Santipur I to 9,11 to 19, 32 LC '20 to 25,48,57, 27,28,47,49 to 5:, 58,7[),73 Urbanised. 53 to 56,78 to 81 LC 52, not existlng 161 C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 as per DCH. LC 10,26,29 to 46, 59 to 69,71,72,74 to n are in Region No. 2.6.4.4

Ranaghal'! 120,130 to 132,187 13 LC 121 to 123,125, to 195 129 are in Region No. 2.6.4.4 LC 126 to 128,133 to 153,15'1 to 186 are in region No. 2.6.4.5 LC 124,154 to 156 Urbani:;OO.

Chakdah 1,2,25 to 27,37 34 LC 3,6 to 20,28,31, 39 to 50,189 to 36,38,S3,95 to 188 193 of Chakdaha are in 1egion No. P. S. and 51 to 56 2.6.4.5 60,63,78.194,195 LC 4,5,21 to 24,29,30 of Kalyani P. S. 32 to 35,94 Urbanised LC 51 to 92 are not existing as per nCH. LC 57 to 59,61,62,64 to 77,84 to 87 Urbanised. LC 79 to 83,88 to 92 are in :.:l.egion No. 2.6,4.5 LC 93 to 193 are not existin;~ as per DCR.

2. I~ 4. Z Tehalta-ll 7 (0 14,16 to 27, 30 194 718.30 7C'f}.37 8.93 LC 1 fo 6,15,36 are Jalangi - 35,37 to 42,48,49, 3 Towns not ex] sting as per BhJ.girathi 54 nCR. ln~:rfluve LC 32,33,43 to 47, Tehatta·l 28 to 31,34 5 50 to S3 are in region No. 2.6.4.3

Kaliganj 4 to 10,24 to 37 48 LC 11 to 23,38 to 54 55 to 73,114,121 74 to 113,115 to 120 to 127 are in Region No. 2.6.4.1

Nakashipara 1 to 9,22 to 45, 76 LC 46,48 Urbanised. 47,49 to 53,67 LC 10 to 21,54 to to 102,107 66,103 to 106 are in Re€jon No. 2.6.4.1

Krishnagar-Il 4,5,11,12,14 to 35 LC 6 to 10,13 are 31,33 to 39,46 to in ReEjon No. 2.6.4.1 51 LC 40 to 45 are in Region No. 2.6.4.4 LC 32 Urbanised.

2.6.4.3 Karimpur-! 5 to 10,42,72,74 74 235 804.30 804.30 0.00 LC 73,90,102 to 107, Nadia to 76,82,83,85 to 109,116,144,155 to PI,in 89,91 to 101,108 160 are not existing Ncrth 110 to 115,117 to as per OCH. 137,13910 143. 145 to 154,162 163

Karimpur-Il I to 4,11 to 41, 71 LC 47 is not existing 43 to 46,48 to as per OCR. 71,77 to 81,84, 138,161

Tehatta-I 32,33,47,50 to 57 LC 31.,35,37 to 42,48 53,55 to 78,88 49,54 are in RegIon to 101,103 to No. 2.6.4.2 110.112 to 115 LC 36,79 to 87,102, 111 :lie not existing as pel DCH.

Tehatta·1I 43 to 46 4 162 C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Chapra 1 to 16.25 to 33. 29 LC 17 to 24.34 to 38 to 41 37 are in Region No. 2.6,4,4

2. fl. 4. 4 Chapra 17 to 24.34 to 55 :!SO 1634.90 1568.16 66.74 LC 70,71,76,85.87 to Kri;hnagar 37.42 to 69 8 "'owns 99 are not existing Sa~tipur 72 to 75.77 to as per OCH. PJa.n 84,86.100,101 LC 25 to 33.38 to 41 are in Region No. 2.6.4.3

Krishnaganj 1 to 15.11 to 27 LC 26 to 34 are not 25.38.39,48 existin.~ as per OCR. LC 16.35 to 37.40 to 47 are in Region No. 2.6.4.5

Krishnagar-I 40 (0 45,52 to 93 LC 93,94.96 are 92.95,97 to 128, Urbanised. 70.71,85,87 to LC 46 10 51 are in 95.99 Region No. 2.6.4.2 LC 70,71.85,87 to 95.99 are transfered from Chopra P. S.

Nabadwip 11.15,23 to 25 5 LC 12 to 14,22 are in region No. 2.6.4.1 LC If to 21 Urbanised.

Santipur 10.26,29 to 46 37 LC 20 to 25,48.57 59 to 69,71,72 58.70,73 are Urbanised. 74 to 77 LC 5:i., not existing as per DCH. LC 11 to 19.27,28,47 49 to 51,54 to 56 are in Rellion No. 2.6.4.1

Hanskhali 2 to 6,8 to II. 30 LC 14 to 31 are in 32 to 52 Region No. 2.6.4.5. LC i,7,12,13 are not existing as per DCH

Ranaghat-I 1.5 to 11,17,19 .n LC 2,3,4.25.28,113, to 24,26,27,29 Jl4,124 are Urbanised, (034.115 to Ll9 LC 18,55,85 are not 121 to 123,125, existing as per DCH. 129 LC 12 to 16,35 to 54 56 to 84,86 to 112, 126 t,) 128 are in Regi(ln No. 2.6.4.5 LC 120 is in Region No. 2.6.4.1

2.6.4.5 16,35 to 37. 27 418 977.20 888.80 88.40 LC J7 to 25,38,39, Ranaghat 40 to 47,49 to J:: Towns 48 are in Region No. Chakdaha 61,63,64 2.6.4 4 Pllin LC 26 to 34,62 are not e~isting as per DCB. Hanskhali 14 to 31,53 to 50 LC 69 Urbanised. 68.70 to 85 LC 32 to 52 are in Region No, 2.6.4.4

Ranaghat-I1 12 to 16,35 to 54, 113 LC 18,55.85 not existing 56 to 84,86 as per DCH. to 111.149 to LC 17,19 to 24,26,27 152,157,159 to 29 to 34.115 to 119, 175,176 to 186 121 :0 123.125 are in R':gion No. 2.6.4.4 LC 120. are in region No. 2.6.4.1 LC 25. 28.112 to 114, 124,154 to 156.158 Urbanised. 163 [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Ranaghat-I 126 to 128,133 to 19 LC 129 is in 147,153 Region No. 2.6.4.4. LC 130 to 132 are in Region No. 2.6.4.1. LC 148 Urbanised.

Chakdah 3,6 to 20,28, 114 LC 4.5,21 to 24,29. 31,36,38,93, 30,32 to 35,94,173 are 95 to 172 Urbanised. LC 51 to of Cltal:daha P. S. 92 and nol existing and 79 to as per DCH. 83,174 to 188 10 LC 2:i to 27,37,39 88 to 92 of to 50 are in Region Kalyani P. S. No. 2.6.4.1 LC 84 to 87 of Kalyani P. S. are Urbarjsed.

Hnringhata 1 to 45.49 to 85 LC 46 to 48,55 are 54,56 to 89 Urbatised.

TABLE 3 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - TOTAL DiHtrict : NADIA Census Location Code No. 07 State: WEST BENGAL

~egion No. Total Main WOI'kers. Marginal Workers Bnd Non - Workers ad Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons J Males I Females If>ersons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 I 9 I 10

:~. 6. 4. 1 204050 182012 22038 4349 642 3707 468191 165653 302538 Bhagirathi Basin

2.6.4.2 154239 148864 5375 1491 689 802 399920 138252 261668 Jalangi Bhagirathi Interfluve

2.6.4.3 172089 166352 5737 3059 1106 1953 426956 144322 282634 Nadia Plain North

::.6.4.4 265832 241621 24211 5855 1402 4453 620787 217707 403080 Krishnagar Santi pur Plain

:i .. 6. 4. 5 313621 290418 23203 5612 1596 4016 806046 289205 516841 Hanaghat Chakdaha Plain

164 TABLE 4 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - RURAL District : NADIA Census Location Code No. 07 State: WEST BE!IIGAL

Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers ~gion No. Id Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females F'ersons I Males I Females PersoI1!1 I Males I Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 I 9 I 10

2. 6. 4. 1 115079 106176 8903 1970 382 1588 261532 89947 171585· Hhagirathi E,asin

2.6.4.2 146435 141831 4604 1443 662 781 378761 130524 248237 hlangi [; hagirathi hterfiuve

2.6.4.3 172089 166352 5737 3059 1106 1953 426956 144322 . 282634 Nadia Plain North

2.6.4.4 192400 176420 15980 4275 1120 3155 439851 152393 287458 Krishnagar 5:antipur Plain

:;:.6.4.5 237879 222569 15310 3809 967 2842 594741 209954 384787 Ranaghat Chalcdaha Plain

TABLE 5 DATA ON REGIONA.L DIVISIONS - URBAN Di!ltrict : NADIA Census Location Code No. 07 State : WEST BENGAL

~egion No. Total Main WOI'kers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers ad Name Main Workers MargUnaI Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males J Females PersorlS L Males I Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 J 7 8 1 9 I 10

~. 6. 4. 1 88971 75836 13135 2379 260 2119 206659 75706 130953 13 hagirathi :3asin

:2.6.4.2 7804 7033 771 48 27 21 21159 7728 13431 Jalangi Bhagirathi [nterfluve

2. 6. 4. 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nadia Plain North

2.6.4.4 73432 65201 8231 1580 282 1298 180936 65314 115622 Krishnagar Santipur Plain

2.6.4.5 75742 67849 7893 1803 629 1174 211305 79251 132054 Ranaghat Chakdaha Plain 165 TABLE 6 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS Dislrict : NADIA Census Locmtion Code No. 07 State : WEST BENGAL

T Literates T Scheduled Castes T Scheduled Tribes ~gion No. R R R d Name U U U PersonsJ Males IFemales P,~rsons I Males IFemales Persons I Males IFemales 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

2 6.4. 1 T 307822 182424 125398 T 173945 89932 84013 T 109119 5645 5344 Bhagirathi R 128098 80951 47147 R 113297 58792 54505 R 7207 3685 3522 Basin U 179724 101473 78251 l,; 60648 31140 29508 U 3782 1960 1822

2,6.4.2 T 184455 112722 71733 T J!J7995 56140 51855 T 4622 2420 2202 J:t1angi R 166068 lU2396 63672 R 98953 51571 47382 R 4386 2301 2085 Ehagirathi U 18387 10326 8061 U 9042 4569 4473 U 236 119 117 lnterfluve

2.6.4.3 T 197762 118398 79364 T 12.6965 65925 61040 T 6948 3491 3457 Nadia R 197762 118398 79364 R 12.6965 65925 61040 R 6948 3491 3457 Plain North U 0 0 0 U 0 0 0 U 0 0 0

2.6.4.4 T 410733 242494 168239 T 272487 141113 131374 T 19753 10058 9695 Krishnagar R 249191 152613 96578 R 220818 114497 106321 R 18059 9228 8831 Santipur U 161542 89881 71661 U 51669 26616 25053 U 16':}4 830 864 Plain

2.6.4.5 T 586125 344769 241356 T 436114 226072 210042 T 48213 24710 23503 Ranaghat R 389562 235323 154239 R 359926 187076 172850 R 43290 22219 21071 Chakdaha U 196563 109446 87117 U 76188 38996 37192 U 4923 2491 2432 Plain

166 STATEMENT ON REGION-W:[SE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS District: NADIA Census Location Code No. 07 State: West Bengal Sl. No.and name of Administrative No. the Regional Divisions Geology Soils Physio-Cultural Characteristics Divisions (c. D. Blocks) 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Division No. 1. Kaliaganj Alluvium Aqualfs- The region extends in the western 2.6.4.1 2. Nakashipara Fluvents- side of the district by stretching along Bhagirathi 3. Krishnagar-II Aquepts, the whole of the Bhagirathi river. The Basin. 4. Nabadwip Fluvents- Bhagirathi with its high banks, flows 5. Santipur Aquepts- as a natural boundary in the western 6. Ranaghat-I Aqualfs, side of the district. The Bhagirathi is 7. Chakdah Ochrepts- also called the Hugli from confluence Fluvents. of the Jalangi liver at Nabadwip. The region is sloping towards south-east. The Jalangi and Churni (Mathabhanga) rivers as tributaries are flowing to the Bhagirathi river on its left bank. In the region there are many depressions in the forms of swamps caused by the oscillation of the Bhagirathi. These depressions mostly become dry dur­ ing the summer season while the deeper portions remain water throughout the season.

As regards soils, the region has recent Alluvial formation. The top surface is formed of recent alluvium but beneath the surface there is an underlying layer of older alluvium. In this sub-soil no accumulation of clay or lime is found. This type of soil is found in south-western parts ofC. D. BlockNakashipara, , Chakdah and Krishnagar n. In the south-western partofC. D. Block Kaliaganj a slight accumulation of clay soil is found. Aus paddy, gram, sugarcane and jute can grow very easily in these soils. Aus paddy is the principal crop grown everywhere in the region. The region has hardly any forest.

There are 7 C. D. Blocks comprising 216 villages and 4 urban centres inhabited by 676, 590 persons. Of the total population, 378, 581 persons (55.95 per cent) are in the rural areas and 298, 009 persons (44.05 per cent) in the urban areas. Comparatively, the proportion of Scheduled castes (25.71 per cent) is more than Scheduled tribes (1.62 per cent). In the region, the rural areas has recorded 17.01 per 167 2 3 4 5 6 cent of main workers, 0.29 per cent of marginal workers and 38.65 per cent of non-workers, whereas the urban areas presented 13.15 percent of main workers, 0.35 per cent of marginal workers and 30.55 per cent of non-workers. The literacy rate of the region is 45.50 per cent. The region covers an area of 573.70 Km2. The region accounts for 738 persons per Km2 and 4, 909 persons per Km2 as the density of population for both rural and urban areas respectively. The Nabadwip (M), Santipur (M), Char Brahman agar (NM) and Kalyani (NA) are the main centres of the region. They are well connected by the roads, railways with other places of the region. N abadwip (M) is the biggest urban centre having a total population of 125,037 and followed by Santipur (M) with 109, 956 inhabitants.

2. Division No. 1. Tehatta-I Alluvium Huvents- The region covers the parts of 2.6.4.2 2. Tehatta-ll Aquepts- eastern Kaliganj. western Jalangi - 3. Kaliaganj Aqualfs, & II, Nakasipara and northern Bhagirathi 4. Nakashipara Ochrepts- Krishnagarn C. D. Bocks. The flat Interfluve. 5. Krishnagar-ll Fluvents. land lying between the Jalangi and the Bhagirathi rivers may be called as the Jalangi-Bhagirathi Interfluve. This area is a part of "Kalantar Tract" which stretches southward from theMurshidabad district in the north. The word Kalantar means here a low lying more or less a marshy area. It contains the old river beds. There is no drainage and forms a large shallow lake during the rains. The Jalangi originates from the Murshidabad district and its course flows towards south-west direction. Finally it meets the Bhagirathi river at Nabadwip. The region has a large number of dead (old) rivers running north-south due to the oscillation of Bhagirathi on the west ~md the J alangi on the east.

The region has the similar type of soil formation as explained in the region No. 2.6.4.1 of the district. The parts of the western Tehatta, Southern Nakashipara have characteristics of 168 2 3 4 5 6 the Ganges riverine lands. It is a sub-soil formation of recent alluvium. There is no accumulation oflime and clay. The "Ganges flat lands" type of soils are found in southern Kaliganj and north-eastern and central Nakashipara oftbe region.

The region has a total area of 718.30 Km2 and population of 555, 650 residing in 194 villages and 3 urban centres. Of the total population, the region shares 94.78 per cent for rural area and 5.22 per cent for urban area. In consid(~ring about the working population, the;: rural areas constitute 26.35 per cent of main workers, 0.26 per cent of marginal workers and 68.17 per cent of non-workers, whreras the urban areas presented 1.41 per cent of main workers, 0.01 per cent of marginal workers and 3.80 per cent of non-workers. Comparatively, the percentage of Scheduled castes (19.44 per cent) is higher than Scheduled tribes (0.83 per cent). The literacy rate is 33.20 per cent. It has a density of 3,249 persons per Km2 in the urban area and 742 persons per Km2 in the rural area. (NM), Kshidirpur (NM) and Harindanga (NM) are the main urban centres of the region. The national highway No. 34 and a railway lime (broad gauge) are passing through the region and connecting the important centres. The villages are sparsely located and the people are mostly cultivators. Sugarcane, jute, masur and gram are grown in the region.

3. Division No. 1. Karimpur-I Alluvium Fluvents- The region extends in the north- 2.6.4.3 2. Karimpur-II Aquepts- eastern part of the district bordering Nadia North 3. Tehatta-I Aqualfs, Bangladesh. The land lying in Plain. 4. Tehatta-ll Ochrepts- between the Mathabhanga and the 5. Chapra Fluvents .. Bhairab-Jalangi is intersected by the channels of the old Bhairab forming depresseions. The general slope is towards the south-east. The Bhairab passes through Karimpur-I and II C. D. Blocks and flows south easterly direction towards Bangladesh. This is not important and does not enter again in the district. 169 1 2 3 4 5 6 The soil consists of recent alluvium. Besides it, some soil associations called "Ganga riverine lands" are found in the areas of western Karimpur-II, north-west Tehatta-II and south-east Chapra C. D. Blocks. The Ganges riverine lands are formed of soils on recent alluvial flat plains. There is no aCI:;umulation of lime of clay in the sub-soil. Another type of soil called "Ganga low lands" contains a good accumulation of clay on the surface which is underlain by the unconsolidated materials. The sub-soil is partially impervious to downward leaching of water. This type of soil is found in the parts of south and II, north­ western corner of Chapra and Tehatta-I C. D. Blocks. In the Ganga low land areas where depressions have been fonned by the movement of the river and the old river beds. The area is very much suited for cultivation of paddy. Wheat, Jute, Sugarcane and pulses like arhar and gram are the main products of the region.

The region has a total population of 602104 inhabiting in 235 villages 2 within the area of 804.30 Km . The region is entirely rural and having a density of 749 persons per Km2. In the region, the percentage of marginal workers (0.81 per cent) is lower than main workers (28.88 per cent) and non-workers (70.31 per cent). Whereas, the proportion of Scheduled castes (5.33 per cent) is higher than Scheduled tribes (0.21 per cent). Of the total population, this region has recorded 27.52 per cent of literates. The state highway (No. 11) passes through the region and connects the headquarters of P. S. Karimpur, Tehatta and Chapra. The villages present the lint~ar pattern of settlement and are found concentrated along the state highway.

170 1 2 3 4 5 6 4. Di vision No. 1. Chapra Alluvium Fluvents- The region covers the central plain 2.6.4.4 2. Krishnaganj Aquepts- area of the district. The boundary is Krishnagar - 3. Krishnagar-I Aqualfs, limited by the Jalangi and Bhagirathi Santipur Plain. 4. Nabadwip Ochrepts- rivers from north-west to south-west 5. Santipur Fluvents. and by the Malhabhanga and Churni 6. Hanskhali rivers from north-east to south-east. 7. Ranaghat-I The Jalangi forming the boundary between p_ S. Chapra and P. S. Krishnagar and P. S. Nabadwip and P. S. Krishnagar. The Churni river is a branch of Mathabhanga flows westward across P. S. Hanskhali and P. S. Ranaghat and [mally falls into the Bhagirathi. The slope is almost depressions which forms swamps and creeks in the wgion.

The region has recent alluvial formation of soil. The soil associations ofthe Ganges riverine lands are found in almost the whole area of Krishnagar, in the south-eastern area of Chapra and in the entire area of Santipur. Whereas, in the north-western corner ofHanskhali, the soil associations of the Ganges lower lands are found.

In these soils aus paddy is grown abundantly. Except this, Jute, Gram and mustard are also grown. Chillies are commonly grown as a second cash crop in the region.

The region has a total population of 892, 474 residing in an area of 1634.90 Km2 0fwhich 71.32 percent of the total popUlation are in the rural areas and 28.68 per cent in urban areas. It has a density of 406 persons per Krn2 and 3, 835 persons per Km2 in rural and ur'ban areas respectively. In this region, the Scheduled castes (30.53 per cent) presented higher percentage than the Scheduled tribes (2.21 per cent). Of the total population, 21.56 per cent of main workers, 0.48 per cent of marginal workers and 49.28 per cent of non-workers are recorded in the rural areas, whereas in the urban areas, 8.23 per cent of main workers, 0.18 per cent of marginal workers and 20.27 per cent of non-workers are shown. In case ofliteracy, 46.02 per 171 1 2 3 4 5 6 cent of literates are found in this region. There are 280 villages and 8 urban centres. In the region Krishnagar (M), Bimagar (M), Char Maijdia (NM), Maijdia (NM). (NM), (NM), (NM) and Aistala (NM) are the main centres. Among these towns, Krishnagar is the biggest. It is well connected by railways, national highway (No.34) and state highway (No. 11) with other parts of the district. The villages are evenly distributed in the region.

5. Division No. 1. Krishnaganj Alluvium Ochrepts- The region extends in the south­ 2.6.4.5 2. Hanskhali Fluvents. eastern corner of the district. The Ranaghat 3. Ranaghat-II Chumi river separates the region from Chakdaha 4. Ranaghat-I the Krishnagar-Santipur plain which Plain. 5. Chakdah lies in the central part of the district. 6. The Churni is a branch of Mathabhanga liver. Originally it was a branch ofIchbamati and it joined the present channel at . The Ichhamati river is also a branch of Mathabhanga. It forms the district boundary of Nadia with the North Twentyfour Parganas till it enters into the latter. The: region also has many depressions. These depressions are due to the frequent changes of the courses of the Mathabhanga, Churni and lchhamati ri verso

The type of soil of recent alluvium also occurs in the region. The soil association of the Ganges low lands is found OCCUlTIng in this area. The soil shows tht: accumulation of clay on the surface. The soils are most suitable for growing of paddy. Except this jute, masur, mustard and chillies are also significantly grown in these soils.

In the distIict, this region has the largest number of 418 villages with the largest population of 1125279 of which urban area shares 25.67 per cent and the mral area 74.33 per cent. In the region, 21.14 per cent of main workers, 0.3~L per cent of marginal workers and .52.85 per cent of non­ workers are found in the rural areas, 172 2 3 4 5 6 whereas 6.73 pt~rcentofmain workers, 0.16 per cent of marginal workers and 18.78 per cent of non-workers are shown in the urban areas. Both the Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes have recorded 38.76 per cent and 4.28 per cent. The literacy rate is 52.09 per cent of the total population. The regionhasanareaof977.20Km2 with the rural density of 941 persons per Km2 and urban density of 3, 268 2 persons per Km • In the region Ranaghat eM), Chakdaha (M), (NM), Nasra (NM), Parbatipur (NM), Magurkhali (NM), Hijuli (NM), Madanpur (NM), Darappur (NM), Haringhata Diary Farm Town (NA), Digha (NM) and Gayespur (NA) are the important urban centres. Among these, Chakdaha town is the biggest and Haringhata town is famous for its dairy farm in the state. The region has a good communication system. These urban c(mtres are connected by railways, National Highway (No. 34), State Highway (No.1) and other roads in the region.

173 DISTRICT NORTH TWENTYFOUR PARGANAS REGIONA.L DIVISIONS

The district of North Twentyfour Parganas lies between 220 8' and 230 15' North latitudes and 8E,018' and 890 4' East longitudes. It is bounded on the north by the district of Nadia and portion of Bangladesh, on the south by the district of South Twentyfour Parganas, on the east by Bangladesh and on the west by the districts of Haora, HugH and Calcutta. The district has 22 C. D. Blocks covering 1613 villages and 59 urban centres within the area of 4017.39 Krrt It has a total population of7, 281, 881 of which 3,551,581 (48.77 per cent) are recorded in the rural areas and 3, 730, 300 (51.23 per cent) in the urban areas.The district has 28.20 per cent of main workers, 0.58 per cent of marginal workers and 71.22 per cent of non-workers. Of the total Population, Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes have presented 21.49 per cent and 2.33 per cent. The literacy rate of th~ district is 56.70 per cent.

The district is a part of the micro region Proper Delta 2.6.5. of the State of West Bengal. It is a fairly well raised delta land. The nOlthem tract is a land of stagnant rivers and inland depressions. In this area most of the river channels are silted. The general slope is towards south and little raised above the flood level. The geological structure of the district is Recent Alluvium. The soils are Ochrepts-Fluvents, Aquepts-Ochr'~pts, Aqualfs-Aquepts and Aqualfs-Ustalfs. Shallow black, brown and alluvial soils are found in the district.

From the physiographic points of view, the district has been divided into 3 sub-micro regions.

2.,6.5.1 lchhamati-Raimangal Plain

The region occupies the north-eastern part of the district. It is a flat alluvial area and the northern part is higher than the southern part. The land is gently sloping towards south. The higher area along the river banks is covered with scmb jungle whereas the waste-la][)ds are covered with grasses and weeds. Rice is extensively cultivaN:d in the northern area of the region. The Ichhamati, the Jamuna and the Raimangal are the prominent rivers of the region. The region is formed by RI:cent Alluvium. Shallow black, brown and alluvial soils occur in the region.

There are 777 villages and 11 urban centres falling in 13 C. D. Blocks. It has a total population of 2, 299, 732 of which 77.80 per cent (1, 789, 170) are found in the rural areas and 22.20 per cent (510, 562) in the urban areas. The region has an area of 2071.10 Km2 and its density is 921 persons per Km1 in the rural areas and 3, 974 persons per Km2 in the urban areas. There ar:e 28.51 per cent of main workers, 0.88 per cent of marginal workers and 70.61 p(~rcent of non-workers. Comparatively, the percentage of Scheduled castes (34.63 per cent) is higher than Scheduled tribes (2.07 per cent). The literacy rate is 49.28 per cent of the total pOlpulation of the region.

2.6.5.2 North Bidyadhari Plain

The region extends in the central part of the district. It is an alluvial plain area and sloping gt:ntly towards the south. There are many swamps and marshes. The Salt Water Lake (Dhapa) is located in the extreme South-west comer of the' region. The Bidyadhari is an important river which dIains the region. It serves as an outfall channel for the rain water of the region.

In the upper course it is some where silted up while in the lower part it becomes a tidal river. The region is also formed by Recent Alluvium and occur also the shallow black, brown and alluvial seils.

The region falls in 16 C. D. Blocks and comprises 813 villages and 24 urban centres. There are 2, 745, 648 persons in an area of 1765.75 Km2. Ofthe total population, the region has recorded 62.12 per cent (1, 705, 614) in the rural areas and 37.88 per cent (1, 040, 034) in the urban areas. The density of population is 1,052 persons pel' Km2 in the rural areas and 7, 237 persons per Km2 in the urban areas. The region has 28.17 per cent of main workers, 0.61 per cent of marginal workers 174 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 7

WEST BENGAL DISTRICT NORTH TWENTYF OURP ARGANAS CENSUS CODE 08 REGIOIAL DIVISIONS

Km 5 10 15 20 25 1<1'11 ~Ii===---==~~::::I

BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL .•. . . . _._._ DISTRICT. .. • •• POLICE ST ATIOIj .. C. O. BLOCK. VLlAGE HAVING 5000 ANO ABOVE POPULATION URBAN AREA. NATIONAL HIGHWAY. STATE HIGHWAV III4I'DRTANT METAllED ROAD . . ---2'!L/g-- RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION. BROAD GAUGE. _ RIVER. . .~ REGIONAL DIVISIONS .2. i .> ,I MACRO . . MESO . . MICRO . . SUB-MICRO WITH BOUNOARY ... l....._~ __ ..... BOUNDARY FOREST-RESERVED WITH NAME .. ; SiIiO~H.fF.·'

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~, AQUAlfS·AQUiPTS tr5:S:Il S AQUALFS-US'ALFS

~ ""LlfPTS·oc:HR£m DIS C. O. 6LOCK- BANGAON SL. NO. VILLAGE NAME 'R I Chho),Vhoria I C r [%)1 11 Q~E P 'S-FLUVE~S 2 Purono Bangoon

C.O. 8LOCK- BASIRHAT-II s 0 ~ VILLAGE NAME NB HOliTH 8IOIWIJJ.\GAR (/ I EoinoQa,r l~ GEOLOGY 2 N.halpur ~ e.gampur .. Keeha Swarupt'lOQo( · C. O. BLOCKS ~ B,J,r Dhonyakillia At BASl/lHAT • I C,O. BLOCK - BARACKPORE-I A2 Bi,sIRHA T - /I ~ VILLAGE NAME BI SANDcSHKHAU - I NaQcIohQ B2 SANDCSHKHALI - /I Palali Ct BARASAT - I K.utia CZ BARASAT .1/ 01 BARRA CKPUR - I ,,·0. 8LOCK- 8ARACKPORE-I1 5 L. NO. VILLAGE NAME 02 BARRACKPIJII - /I I T.l.nlpara 2 Muraqachho 3 Chondpur 4 Kora 2.6. 5. I ICIIHAHA TI RAlHANGAL PLAIN 5 Panihara ~REcm~ 2.6. 5. 2 NORTH BIOYAOHARI PLAIN 2. 6. S. 3 NORTH HUGLI FLATS

[READ THE SEQUENCE Of REGJON4L DIVISIONS WITH · . REFERENCE TO 4lL INDIA ).lAp CQIl£S U'TO 3 TIEIi] . .\.

and 71.22 per cent of non-workers. The Scheduled c~stes (19.13 per cent) has shown higher pe.rcentage than Scheduled tribes (4.00 per cent). As regards the literacy rate the region has shown 5~,.43 per cent.

2.15.S.3 North HugH Flats

The region extends in the western part of the district. It is a narrow strip of flat alluvia] land lying along the stretch of HugH river as a district boundary. The HugJi flows southward upto Calcutta then it turns towards south-west upto Budge Budge. It seems that the: socia-economic and cultural activities of this region are very much influenced by the course of HugH. The region is formed. by Recent Alluvium. The shallow black, brown and alluvial soils are also found in this region.

The region has the lowest number of 2::1 villages and 24 urban centres falling in Barrackpur I & II C. D. Blocks. It has a total population of 2, 236, 501 of which 2.54 per cent (56, 797) are found in the rural areas and 97.46 per cent (2, 179, 704) in the urban areas. The rural and urban de:nsities are 3, 371 and 13, 316 persons per Km2 respectively. It is observed that the Scheduled castes are thinly populated than the Scheduled Itribes and recorded 0.55 per cent and 10.87 per cent. Whereas the literacy rate is 68.34 per cent o.f the total population of the region. Regarding the wxking population, there are 27.91 per cent of main workers, 0.23 per cent of marginal workers and 71.86 per cent of non-workers.

TABLE 1 DATA ON REGlfONAL DIVISIONS Census Location Code No. 08 District: NORTH TWENTYFOUR PARGANAS State: WEST BENGAL

No. of No. of T Area in T Population 2 Region No. Villages in Towns in R Km • R and Name each each U U region region Persons Males Females [ 1 7 9 2 3 4 5 6 8

2.6.5. 1 777 11 T 2071.10 T 2299732 1184090 1115642 Icliliamati- R 1942.62 R 1789170 922242 866928 Rllimangal Plain U 128.48 U 510562 261848 248714

2.6.5.2 813 27 T 1765.75 T 2745648 1421504 1324144 North R 1622.03 R 1705614 880996 824618 Bidyadhari Plain U 143.72 U 1040034 540508 499526

2.6.5.3 23 32 T 180.54 T 2236501 1212603 1023898 North HugH R 16.85 R 56797 29811 26986 Fllts U 163.69 U 2179704 1182792 996912

"'The summation of the area figures of the Police Stations under each district will not tally with the: concerned district area fi~;ures because the former represent those supplied by the State Director of Land Records and Survey while the later represents those supplied by the Surveyor General, India.

177 TABLE 2 REGIONWISE 'VILLAGE CODES, 1991 Census London Code No. 08 m.trict : NORTH TWENTYFOUR PARGANAS State : WEST BENGAL

Location Total NCI. of Area or Regional )ivision Code No. rl V"illagt!S Division in Km2. ~umber C.D. Block Census Remarks iDd Name Villages ore.D. In as per 1991 Block .Division Total Rural Urban 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ::.6.5.1 Bagda 1 10108 108 777 2071.10 1942.62 128.48 Jchhamali 11 Towns ·Raimongal 11ain Bongaon 1 10 104,106,108 150 LC 105,107,116 arc Urbanised. 115,117 to 153 LCI to 28,68 to I04,l17,1l8, 121 to 146 belong to newly created P. S. .

Gaighata I to 55,57 to 106 LC 56 Urbanised. 107

Swarupnagar 1 to 3,5 to 66 65 LC 4 Urbanised.

Baduria I to 42,46 to 66, 97 LC 43 to 45,67,71 to 74,84 to 86, 68 to 70,75 to 83, 90,98 are Urbanised. 87 to 89,91 to 97, 99 to 110

Habra-J 74 to 77,86 to 88, 52 LC 69 to 73.78 to 85.89.159, 1I9 to 158,160,170 161 to 169 are Urbanised. 10173 LC 90 to 118 are in Region No. 2.6.5.2.

Habra-ll 27(Pan),28,29 3 LC 27(Part), 30 to 32 are Urbani!ed.

Deganga 4,32,35 to 67 35 LC 5 to 31.33,34 are in Region No. 2.6.5.2. LC 68 Urbani!ed.

Basirhat-] 94 to 101.104 to 45 LC 40 to 44,102,103 are not 123.125 to 141 existing as per OCH.

Basirhat-U 1.2,4 to 9,25 36 LC 3,11) to 24,49 to 53,63 to to 39,45 to 48. 93 are in Region No. 2.6.5.2. 54 to 62 LC 124 is Urbanised.

Hasnabad 40,41,53 to 79, 30 LC 65 belongs to Hingalganj P. S. 124 LC 47 to 52 arc Urbanised. LC 42 10 46 are in Region No. 2.6.5.2. LC 93 to 123 are not existing as per ::>ell. Sandeshkhali-U 34.35,38 to 41 6 LC 36,37 are in Region No. 2.6.5.2.

Hingalganj 80 to 123 44 LC BOt,) 92 belong to P.S. Hasnabad.

2.6.5.2. Barasat·J I to 23,26,30 86 813 1765.75 1622.03 143.72 LC 25,26,29,37 to 46,49.52.67,69 Nonh to 36,82.84 to 24 Towns to 73,7"7 to 81,83,101 to 106,122, IlidyOOhari 100,107 to 121 123 are Urbanised. LC 47,48 are Ham 124 to 137, 139 from P. S. Airport. to 143.147,167, 169

Barasat-U 24,27,50,51,53 86 to 66,68,74 10 76,138,144 to 146, 148 to 166,168, 170 to 207 and 47, 48

Halxa-n I to 26,34 to 64. 71 LC 27 to 31,74 to 77,82,83,86 67,fXl to 107,115 to 89 are in Region No. 2.6.5.1.

Habra-! 108 to 114,116 to 10 LC 32,33,65,66,68 to 73,78 to 81, 118 84.85.161 to 168 are Urbanised.

Amdanga 1 to 81 81 178 C 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 2.6.5.2. Deganga 1 to 3.5 to 31. 72 LC 4.32,35 to 68 are in Region North 33,34,69 to 108 No. 26.5.1. B.dyadhari P'ain Rajarbat 1.3,4,9 to 13,15 48 LC 1 and 3 belong 10 P. S. Airport. 18 to 55, • 1 LC 5 Urbanised. and Transferred to P. S. Airport. LC J8 belongs to P. S. Bidhan Nagar. LC 6 10 8, 14,16,17 are Urbanised. • LC 1 is from South Bidhan Nagar

Barrackpur-I 5,19,21 to 27 of 28 LC 20 of Bijpur P. S. is P. S. Bijpur Urbanised. 6 to 9,12 to 19 of LC 1 to 5,11 to 14,16 to 22 P. S. Naihati are Urbanised. 6 to 9.23,24,28 of LC 10.15,17,19,25 to 27 are Jagatdal p. S. in Region No. 2.6.5.3

Barrackpur-U 10 to 15 of P. S. 17 LC 1 to 17 ,28 of Khardah P. S. TItagarh. are Urbanised. LC 18 to 21, 25 22 to 24.26,27,29 to are in ~gion No. 2.6.5.3. 32 of P. S. LC l,2,~ to 9 are VrlAwised and Kllardah. included in P. S. Airport. 3.4, of P. s. Nimta

Basirhat-I 731090 18

Basirhal-n 3,10 to 24,49 to 53, 34 LC 4 10 9,25 to 39,45 to 48,54 63 to 72,91 to 93 to 62 at(: in Region No. 2.6.5.1. LC 40 to 44 are not existing as per DCH.

Haroa 1 to 52, 102 to 138 89 LC 53 to 93,140 are not existing as per nCR. LC 94 to 101,139, 141,142 belong to C.D. Block Minakhan of this Region No. 2.6.5.2.

Minakhan 94 to 101.139.141. 75 142 of P. S. Haroa. 53 10 93.140,143 10 LC 1 to 52,94 to 139,141,142 164 of P. S. Minakhan are not existing as per OCR.

Hasnabad I 10 39,42 to 46 44 LC 40,4.. are in Region No. 26.5.1.

Sandeshkhali-I I to 10,14.15,17 30 LC 50,5:. are not existing as to 33.36 per OCE.

Sandeshkhali-n 11 to 13,16.37,42 18 LC 34,35,38 to 41 are in Region to 49. 52 to 56 No. 2.6.5.1.

2.6.5.3. Barrackpur-I 4.10 to 14,18 of 14 23 180.54 16.85 163.69 LC 1 to 3,6 to 9,15 to 17 North P. S. Bijpur 24 Towns are Urba lised Hligli 10.11 of P. S. LC 11 te· 14.16 to 22, are F1ilts Naihati Urbanised 10.15,25 to 27 LC 23,24 are in Region No. of P. S. Jagatdal 2.6.5.2.

Barrackpur-II 1.6 to 8 of P. S. 9 LC 2.5,9 are Urbanised. Titagarh. LC 3.4, belongs to Nimta P. S. 18 to 21, 25 of and located in Region No. 2.6.5.2. P. S. Khardah LC 1 to 17 Urbanised. LC 22 to 24 are In Region No. 2.6.5.2.

179 TA:SLE 3 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - TOTAL Census Location Code No. 08 DistJicl : NORTH TWENTYFOUR PARGANAS Stale: WEST BENGAL

Total Main Workers, Marginai Workers and Non - Workers -gion No. d Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females 1 1 J 3 J 4 5 I (; I 7 8 1 9 I 10 2. 6.5. 1 655767 607687 48080 'W224 2793 17431 1623741 573610 1050131 Ichhamati- Raimangal Plain

2. 6.5.2 773448 708968 64480 16818 4758 12060 1955382 707778 1247604 North Bidyadhari Plain

2.6.5.3 624097 580543 43554 5139 3577 1562 1607265 628483 978782 1\ orth Hugli Flats

TA.BLE 4 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - RURAL Census Location Code No. 08 District: NORTH TWENTYFOUR PARGANAS St

egion No. Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers ld Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females l'ersons I Males I Females Person:~ I Males I Females 1 1 I 3 I 4 5 I (; I 7 8 I 9 I 10 :;; .. 6.5. I 516301 482481 33820 19285 2395 16890 1253584 437366 816218 Ichhamati- Itaimangal Plain

~!. 6. 5. 2 472133 441854 30279 14656 3645 llOIl 1218825 435497 783328 North Bidyadhari Plain

2.6.5.3 15421 14421 1000 265 170 95 41111 15220 25891 North Hugli Flats

TABLE 5 DATA ON REGION AL DIVISIONS - URBAN Census Location Code No. 08 Di! trict : NORTH TWENTYFOUR PARGANAS State: WEST BENGAL

legion No. Total Main Wm'kers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers nd Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females Persons 1 Males l Females Persolls 1 Males I Females 1 2 1 3 I 4 5 1 6 I 7 8 I 9 1 10 l. 6. 5. 1 139466 125206 14260 939 398 541 370157 136244 233913 lchhamati- Raimangal Plain

2.6.5.2 301315 267114 34201 2162 1113 1049 73655"7 272281 464276 North Bidyadhari Plain

2.6. 5. 3 608676 566122 42554 4874 3407 1467 1566154 613263 952891 North Hugli Flats 180 TABLE (j DATA ON REGlONAL DIVISIONS Census Location Code No. 08 District: NORTH TWENTYFOUR PARGANAS Slate: WEST BENGAL

T Literates T Scheduled castes T Scheduled tribes :egion No. R R R nd Name U U U Persons I Males IFemales }'ersons I Males IFemales Persons I Males IFemales 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 :!. 6. 5. 1 T 1133234 680492 452742 T :'96359 411771 384588 T 47692 24424 23268 :chharnati- R 795859 489735 306124 R 679853 351828 328025 R 44728 22859 2]869 Raimangal U 337375 190757 ]466]8 U 116506 59943 56563 U 2964 1565 1399 Plain

.!. 6. 5. 2 T 1467007 86398] 603026 T :;25308 272260 253048 T 109869 56196 53673 Jllorth R 700678 439487 261191 R 391826 203607 188219 R 104379 53270 51109 '3idyadhari U 766329 424494 341835 U :33482 68653 64829 U 5490 2926 2564 Plain

:!. 6. 5. 3 T 1528452 890248 638204 T 243022 131229 111793 T 12270 6712 5558 North HugH R 35537 20810 14727 R 16309 8446 7863 R 1037 547 490 Flats U 1492915 869438 623477 U n6713 122783 103930 U 11233 6165 5068

181 STATEMENT ON REGION WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS District: NORTH TWENTYFOUR PARGANAS Census Location Code No. 08 State: West Bengal S1. No.and name of Administrative No. the Regional Divisions Geology Soils Physio-CulLUral Characteristics Divisions (C. D. Blocks) I 2 3 4 5 6 1. Division No. 1. Bagda Alluvium Ochrepts­ The region extends in the north­ 2.6.5.1 2. Bangaon Fluvents, eastern part of the district. It is an Ichhamati 3. Gaighata Aquepts­ alluvial plain area. The northern -Raimangal 4. Swarupnagar Ochrepts­ part of the region is a little raised Plain 5. Baduria Aqualfs­ delta land above the flood level, 6. Habra-I Aquepts. while towards south the region 7. Habra - II comprises P. S. Sandeshkhali and 8. Deganga Hingalganj. It has been characterised 9. Basirhat-I as low lying Sundarbans. The area 10. Basirhat-Il is covered with low forest and scrub 11. Hasnabad jungle. The general slope of the 12. Sandeshkhali-ll region is towards the south-east. 13. Hingalganj The J amuna, the Ichhamati and Raimangal are the prominent rivers of the region. The Jamuna enters the district in P. S. Bangaon from and flowing south-east and joins with Ichhamati which runs along the district as a river boundary with Bangladesh. The other branch of the Ichhamati river flows towards Bangladesh. The region is studded with many marshes and swamps.

The region has alluvial soils. Shallow black, brown and alluvial soils containing clay and loamy sand which occur in the northern part of the region. Whereas the brown sandy and hydromorphic soils found in the southern part. Arnan rice is the principal food crop of the region. Sugarcane and date palms, jute, tobacco and other vegetables are widely cultivated in the region. The river banks are covered with scrub jungle mixed with climbing creepers and clumps of bamboos.

In the region there are 777 villages and 11 towns inhabited by 2, 299, 732 persons. Of the total popuJation 1, 789, 170 (77.80 per cent) are in the rural areas and 510, 562 (22.20 per cent) in the urban areas. There are 22.45 per cent of main workers, 0.24 per cent of marginal workers and 54.51 182 1 2 3 4 5 6 ----~~------~------.------~------~--~~per cent of non-workers in the rural areas and 6.06 per cent of main workers. 0.04 per cent of marginal workers and 16.10 per cent of non­ workers in the urban areas. In this area, the percentage' of Scheduled castes (34.63 per cent) is significantly higher than the Scheduled tribes (2.07 per cent) whereas the rural literacy rate (34.61 per cent ) is higher than the urban (14.67 per cent). The region has an area of 2071.10 Km2 and its density is 921 persons per Km2 in the rural areas and 3, 974 persons per r

2. Division No. 1. Barasat-I Recent Ochrepts­ The region occupies the central 2.6.5.2 2. Barasat-II Alluvium Fluvents, part of the district. The physical North 3. Habra-II Aquepts­ features are ~:irnilar to the Region Bidyadhari 4. Habra-I Ochrepts, No. 2.6.5.1. The region is also an Plain 5. Amdanga Aqualfs­ alluvial plain area. There are many 6. Deganga Aquepts swamps and marshes. The general 7. Rajarhat slope is towards south-east. The 8. Barrackpur-I flows from P. S. 9. Barrackpur-II Habra in the north and passes 10. Basirhat-I through Haroa then to Matla in the 11. Basirhat-II south-east. It is a tidal river with 12. Haora meandering course in the lower 13. Minakhan reaches. The Bidyadhari. which at 14. Hasnabad present serves as an outfall channel 15. Sandeshkhali-I for the rain water of the region. 16. Sandeshkhali-II There are some marshes and swamps at different places. The Salt Lake or Dhapa is one of the largest marshes of the region. The region has alluvial type of soils. Shallow black, brown and alluvial soils are found in the region. These soils are suitable for growing of rice. Rice is the main food crop of the region. Jute, tobacco, pulses and other vegetables arl! also grown in the region. 183 2 3 4 5 6 The region has a total popUlation of 2, 745, 648 residlng in 813 villages and 24 urban centres. Of the total population 1,705,614 (62.12 per cent) are recorded in the rural areas and 1,040,034 (37.88 per cent) in the urban areas. In the rural areas, 17.20' per cent of main workers, 0.53 per cent of marginal workers and 44.39 per cent of non-workers are found whereas in the urban areas 10.97 per cent of main workers, 0.08 per cent of marginal workers and 26.83 per cent of non-workers are recorded. In the region, the proportion of Scheduled castes (19.13 per cent) is more than Scheduled tribes (4.00 per cent). The rural areas have recorded 25.52 per cent of literates whereas the urban areas have shown 27.91 per cent. The re~on has an area of 1765.75 Km and its densities for both rural and urban are 1, 052 and 7, 237 persons per Km2 respectively. .Among the urban centres Barasat (M), South Dum Dum (M), Dum Dum (M) and North Dum Dum (M) are the prominent towns. There are a good communication system of railways, National highways (Nos. 34 and 35), State highways (Nos. 2 and 3) and other roads which connect all the towns with other areas of the region and the district.

3. Division No. 1. Barrackpur-I Recent Ochrepts­ The region extends in the 2.6.5.3 2. Barrackpur-II Alluvium fluvents, Western part of the district along the North Aqualfs­ stretch of Hugli river from Bijpur P. Hugli Ustalfs, S. to Baranagllr P. S. It is a narrow Flats Aquepts strip of flat alluvial land. The Hugli Ochrepts. river as a district boundary flowing towards south. Most of the industrial activities are concentrated in narrow strip of HugH. The area is densely populated with crowded bazars interspersed with many temples and gardens. Thc~ socio-economic and cultural activities appear to be much influenced by the Hugli. The Hugli flows southward up to Calcutta than it turns towards West and South- 184 2 3 4 5 6 West. The Tolly's Nallah from Garia to Kidd.;!rpore is a tributary of Hugli. The region has alluvial soils of recent formation. The soils are shallow blacl<. brown and more sandy due to the flow of Hugli. There is no any forest in the region. Vegetables and rabi crops are also grown along banks of the HugH river.

There are 2, 236, 501 persons inhabiting in 23 villages and 24 urban centres covering only two C. D. Blocks. Of the total population, 56, 797 persons (2.54 per cent) are recorded in the rural areas and 2, 179,704 pf:rsons (97.46 per cent) in the urban areas. In the region, higher proportions of main workers (27.22 per cent), marginal workers (0.22 per cent) and non-workers (70.03 per cent) are recorded in the urban areas whereas the reral areas presented less percentage of main workers (0.68 per cent), marginal workers (0.01 per cent) and non­ workers (1.84 per cent). Remarkably the percentag.~ of Scheduled castes (0.55 per cent) is lower than Scheduled tribes (10.87 per cent). In case of literacy. the higher parcentage of literates (66.75 per cent) is found in the urban areas whereas the lower percentage (1.59 per cent) is :recorded in the rural areas. The d~msities of population for rural and urban areas are 3, 371 and 13, 316 persons per Km2 "respectively. Among the towns. Kanchrapara (M), Halisahar (M), Naihati (M), Bhatpara (M), Garulia (M), North Barrackpur eM), Barrackpur (M), Titagarh eM), Panihati (M), New Barrackpur eM). Kamarhati (M) and Baranagar (M) are the important urban centres. In view of communication system, the railway, National highway (No.35), State highways (Nos. land 2) and other roads pass through this region and connect the important urban centres and other areas of the district. 185 DISTRICT SOUTH TWENTYFOUR PARGANAS AND CALCUTTA REGIONAL DIVISIONS

The districts of South Twentyfour Parganas and Calcutta extend in between 21 °31' and 12°1' North latitudes and 88°2' and 890 6' EaSl longitudes. It is bounded on the north and north­ west by the districts of North Twentyfour Parganas and Haora, on the south by the Bay of Bengal, Oil the east by Bangladesh and on the west by the districts of Medinipur and Haora. It has a total population of 10, 114, 849 of which 4,954,653 persons (48.98 per cent) are recorded in the rural areas and 5, 160, 196 persons (51.02 per cent) in the urban areas. There are 2166 villages and 43 urban centres in 30 C. D. Blocks covering an area of 5832.41 Km2. Comparatively, the proportion of Scheduled castes (22.27 per cent) is higher than Scheduled tribes (0.78 per cent). Of th total population, 29.03 per cent of maill1 workers, 1.31 per cent of marginal workers and 69.66 per cent of non-workers are recorded. The literecy rate is 55.75 per cent of the total population.

The districts are in the proper Delta of region No. 2.6.5 of the state of West Bengal. It is little higher above the flood level and the physical features are similar to deltaic land of the country. The northern inland tract is fairly well raised delta and the southern portion is a lowlying Sundarbans towards the seaboard. The Sund8lfbans are a network of tidal channels, river creeks and islands. There are some swampy marshes covered with low forest and serubwood. The low l~.nd gradually declines towards the coast. Geologically, the districts are of Recent Alluvium. The soils are Aqualfs-Aquepts, Aquepts-Ochrepts, Aquepts-Aquents. Brown and alluvial soils are mainly found in the districts.

In view of geology, soils, topography, climate and natural vegetation, the districts have been divided into 4 sub-micro regions.

2.6.S.1-South Hugli Flats

The region extends over the western part of the district. It is a narrow flat alluvial land siretching along the Hugli river. The Hugli forms the district boundary in the west flowing towards south-west upto P. S. and receives the at the Hugli point. PJter Diamond Harbour the river resumes a southerly direction until it falls in the Bay of Bengal. The Hugli is a tidal river and navigable by the Steamers and ships upto Calcutta in the region. Geologically the region is formed by recent Alluvium. Shallow black, brown and alluvial soils are found in the region.

The region falls in 9 C. D. Blocks and comprises 377 villages and 30 urban centres. It has the largest population of 5,593,048 in an area of 682.76 Km2. Of the total population, the rural and urban account for 12.62 per cent (705, 654) and 87.38 per cent (4,887,394) respectively. The Dgion has 31.53 per cent of main workers. 0.41 per cent of marginal workers and 68.06 per cent of non-workers. The Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes have presented 10.16 per cent and 4.17 per cent. In the urban areas most of the persoJlls are literate and presented 60.27 per cent whereas the rural areas recorded only 6.27 per cent of the total ~opulation. Its density is t, 733 persons per Km2 in the rural areas and 17, 734 persons per Km in the urban areas. The region is very ti1ickly populated mainly in Calcutta City and. its neighbouring areas.

1;.6.S.2-South Bidyadhari Plain

The region covers the northern part of the district. It is a plain area and its general slope is towards south. The Matla is a prominent river flowing towards south and falls to the sea. It is a tidal river and navigable by the Steamers up to Canning. There are many streams, water channels (locally khals) which are falling into the rivers and estauries. The region is formed by Recent Alluvium. Shallow black, brown and alluvial soils are found in the region.

186 _9ENSUS OF INDIA MAP 28

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There are 358 villages and 1 urban centre falling in 7 C. D. Blocks. It has a total'population of 963,585 inhabiting in an area of 1119.45 Km 2. Of. which 96.48 per cent (929, 681) are in the rural areas and 3.52 per cent (33, 904) in the urban areas. The density of population is 840 persons per Krn2 in the rural areas and 2612 persons per Krn2 in the urban areas.There are 26.50 per cent of main workers, 2.24 per cent of marginal worKers and 71.26 per cent of non-workers. Both the Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes recorded 37.84 per cent and 4.17 per cent. As regards litercy rate the region has 32.89 per cent of which 31.02 per cent are found in the rural areas and 1.87 per cent in the ruban areas.

2.6.5.3-Hugli Delta

The region extends in the south-western part of the district. The HugJi forms the district bOIJndary in the west The long channel of HugH comes to an end in this region and falls into the Bay of Bengal. The Banks of the fivers are higher than the adjoining areas and has a gradual slope towards south. The river Hugli, before reaching the sea, bifurcates into two channels. The main channel is passing to the west and the other called Baratala to the east of Sagore Island. The sOIJthern part of the region has numerous water channels and islands. In this area, strong tides are prevailing. Geologically, the region is formed by recent alluvium. Shallow black, brown and aUuvial soils are found in the region.

There are 3,129,076 persons inhabiting in 1319 villages and 12 urban centres. Of the total population, the rural area has recorded 92.37 per cent (2, 890, 178) and the urban area 7.63 per cent (238,898) respectively. The region has an area of 2891.40 Km2 and has a density of 1,021 pe,rsons per Krn2 in the rural areas and 3, 975 persons per Km2 in the urban areas. It is observed th.at the higher proportion (40.12 per cent) of literates are found in the rura1 areas whereas the lower proportion (5.51 per cent) are recorded in the urban areas. Regarding the working population, there are 25.65 per cent of main workers, 2.31 per cent of merginal workers and 72.01 per cent of non-workers. Both the Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes recorded 36.30 per cent and 0.37 per cent.

2,.6.5.4-Sundarbans

The region lies in the south-eastern part of the district. It is under the entire stretch of Sundarbans. The Sundarbans has a network of tidal channels, river creeks and numerous islands. There are some swampy morasses which are covered with low forests: The region has gradually declines towards the sea. This area has a typical characteristics of new deltaic formation and is ill such state of ha1f land and half water which is almost imperceptible into the sea. P'hysiographically, the area is a drowned land, broken by the swamps and intersected by many river channels. The region has alluvial soils of reCt\nt formation. The soils consist of sandy loam, clay and silts brought by the rivers and streams.

The region has 7 C. D. Blocks comprising 112 Villages. The region is entirely rural and has a total population of 429, 140 within the area of 1138.80 Km2. The density of population is ~,77 persons per Km2. The Scheduled castes are more populated than Scheduled tribes and Presented 42.85 per cent and 3.83 per cent in the region. In considering about main workers, marginal workers and non-workers, there are 26.71 per cent, 3.88 per cent and 69.41 per cent. The literacy rate is 40.27 per cent of this rural area.

189 TABLE 1 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS Census Location Code No. 09 & 10 District: SOUTH TWENTYFOUR PARGANAS AND CALCUTIrA State: WEST BENGAL

No. or No. of T Area in T Population Region No. Villages in towns in R K1D2. R and Name each each U U Persons Males Females region region [ 1 2 3 4 ~. 6 7 8 9

2. 6. 5. 1 377 37 T 682.76 T 5593048 3073783 2519265 South Hugli R 40~1.16 R 705654 364884 340770 Flats U 27~1.60 U 4887394 2708899 2178495

2.6.5.2 358 T 1119.45 T 963585 494188 469397 South R 1106.47 R 929681 476753 452928 Bidyadhari Plain U 12.98 U 33904 17435 16469

2. 6. 5. 3 1319 13 T 2891.40 T 3129076 1617935 1511141 HugH Delta R 2831.30 R 2890178 1493750 1396428 U 6(1.10 U 238898 124185 114713

.~. 6. 5. 4 112 0 T 113E.80 T 429140 221636 207504 :lundarbans R 1138.80 R 429140 221636 207504 U C'.OO lJ 0 0 0

'~The summation of the area figures of the Police Stations under each district will not tally with the concerned district area :igures because the former represent those supplied by the State Director of Land Records and Survey while the later represents those supplied by the Surveyor General, India.

TABLE 2 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS Census Location Code No. 09 & 10 Dbtrict : SOUTH TWENTYFOUR PARGANAS AND CALCUTT-\. State: WEST BENGAL Location Total No,. or Area of Regional livision Code No. of Villagl!S Division in Km'. lumber C.D. Block Census Remarks nd Name Villages OrC.D. In as per 1991 Block liJivision Total Rural Urban 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2.6.5.1 Mahestola 8.14,18,20,21,23, 12 377 682.76 407.16 275.60 LC 1 to 7,9,10,15 toI7,19,22 are South 26,28 to 32 3) Towns Urbanised, HugJi flats Thakurpukur - 11 to 13,24,25,27, LC 41 1:0 50 of Mahestola and Mauabruz 33 to 40 of I to 16, 21, 26, of Thakurpukur Mahestola P. S. are Urbmised. 17 10 20,22 to 25, 31 27 to 35 of Tbakurpukur P. S.

Budge-Budge-! 12.13,20 to 29,33, 20 LC 7 10 11,14,15,35,36 39.42,45,46, 34.37,38,40,41,43, 48,49,54,55,58 are Urbanised. 44 LC 1 to 6,16 to 19,70 are nol ex.isting as per DCR. Budge·Budge-ll 30 to 32.47.50 10 53.56.57.59, to 69, 60 71 to 109 ofP. S. Nadakhali

Bishnupur-I 17.20,21,22,28.29, 22 LC 30, 73 are Urbanised. 31,75 to 82, 90 to LC 62 to 64,71.72,83 to 89.97,98 are in 96 Region No.2. 6. 5. 3 LC 32 il not existing as per OCR. Bishnupur·n 1 to 16,18,19,13 to 60 27.33 to 61.65 to 70,74,99 190 C 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Falta I to 82, 88, 97 91 LC 83 to 87,89 to 96 are in Region to 104 No.2. 6. 5. 3

Diamooo Herbour-! 50,51,75 to 79. II LC 69.70 are in Region No. 2.6.5.3 81 to 84 LC 80 Urbanised

DiiUl10lld Herbour-n 1 to 49,52 to 68. 70 71 to 74 2.6.5.2 Bhangar-l 32 to 44, 72 to 89, 84 358 1119,45 1106.47 12.98 South 92 to 144 J Town B dyadhan Bhangar-n 1 to 31.45 to 71 60 Plain 90,91 Baruipuf 79 to 81.84 to 89, 38 LC 119,120,123 are not Wting as per OCR 91,93 to 95,114 to LC I to 23,25 to 78,82,83.90,92.96 to 113 118,121.122.124 to are in Region No.2. 6, 5. 3 141 LC 24 Urbanised.

Canning-l 76 to 120,122 to 55 LC 121 is Urbanised. 126,181,186 to 189

Canning-II I to 56.182 to 62 LC 57 to 75.127 to167,172 to180 are not 185.190,191 existing as per DCH. Le. 168 tom are in Region No.2.6,5.3

Basanti 57 to 74, 127 to 140 32 LC 1 to 56, 75 to 126 are not existing as per nCH.

Gosaba 50,51,57 to 59.62 27 LC 1 to 49,52 to 56 are not existing to 81,95.100 as per DCH. LC 60,61,82 to 94,96 to 99 are in Region 1'10. 2.6.5.4

2 6.5.3 Bishupur-l 83 to 89,97.103 64 1319 2891.40 2831.30 60.10 rugli to 158 U Towns C~lta Bishupur-n 62 to 64,71,72,98. 9 LC 65 bl 70,74 to 82,90 to 96,99 are in 100 to 102 Region No. 2.6.5.2, LC 73 lrbanised.

Basanti 141 10 147. 150 10 27 LC 16810171,17810191 are not 167,172,192 existing as per DCH. LC 148,149 173 to 177,193 are in Region No, 2,6,5.4

Jaynag;r-. I 1 10 18,33 to 38. 73 LC 19,24 BIe Urbanised. 44,46 to 88,113 to LC 116 to141 not existing as per OCR. m,13Z,133 of P. S. Jaynagar Jaynagar-D 20 to 23.25 to 32, 44 39 to 43,45,89 10 112,142,143 in P. S, of Jaynagar Kultali 116 to 131.134 to 24 LC 1 to 115,142 to ]48 are no! 141 existing as per DCH. LC 132,133 belong to CD. Block Jaynagar-l

Magrnhat-l I to 15,20,55 to 80, 89 LC 106,137 to 139,153 to 170,172 83 to 105.107 to to 179 !Ie !l1lnsferred to P. S, 1l1,!33 to 136,140 Mandirtmr. to 152,180,181 of p, S. Usthi

Magmhat·U 16 to 19,21 to 54. 86 81.82,112 to 132, 171, 182 to 205

Falta 83 to 87,89 to 96. 42 LC 88,97 to 104 are in Region No. 105 to 133 2.6.5.1 DiarrmI Harbour·] 85,87,94 to %,98, 60 LC 1110 84 are in Region No. 2.6.5.1 118 to 142,147 to LC 88 to 93,97,143 tol46 are Urbanised. 175

191 C 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 DianJJnd 69,70,86,99 to Il7 22 Hatoor·U

Kulpi I 1064,67,68,l39 182 LC 65,66,69 to 138,148,151 to 156 to 147,149,150,157 transferred to P. S. to 261

Mandirllazar 65.66,69 to 138 113 LC 1 to 64.67,68,139 to 147,149.150, 148,151 to 156 157 to 261 are in Kulpi P. S. 106.137 to 139, LC 106,137 to 139.153 to 170,172 to 153 to 170.172 to 179.206 to 209 are transferred from 179,206 to 209 P. S. Kulpi

Mathurapur·1 1 to 48,52 to 97, 99 LC 98 to Ill, 125 are not existing as 112 to 116 perDCH.

Mathurapur·n 49,SO,51,1l7 to 124 II of P. S. Raydighi

Patharpratima 98 to 111,125,142 56 LC 1 to 97.112 to 124, 126 to 141 are to 175,177 to 179, not existing as per DCH. 204 to 207 LC 176,1 E0 to 203 are in Region No. 2.6.5.4

K.1kcJwip 11039 39

Sagar 11047 47 47 denote:i Bedford Island.

Samkhana 40 to 48 of P. S. LC 74 is in Region No. 2.6.5.4 Kakdwip LC I to 4g are not existing as per DCH 49 to 73,75 to 77 37 ofP. S. Namkhana

Sonarpur I to 32, 38,40 to 92 LC 33 to 37,39.44,47,48,54,55,5'1,59.71 43,45,46,49 to 53, 76.78,79 are Urbanised. 56,58,&) to 70,72 75,77.80 kJ 109 1 to 23.25 to 78. 99 LC 79 to 81.84 to 89.91.93 to 95 are in 82,83,90,92,96 to Region NJ. 2.6.5.2. 113 LC 24 Urbanised.

Canning-I 168 to 171 4

2.6.5.4 Basanti 148.149,173 to 177. l!2 1138.80 1138.80 LC ISO to) 167.172,192 are in Region No. Sundarbans 193 2.6.53 LC 168 t) 171,118 to 191 are not existing as per DCH.

Jaynagar-n 144 10 148 of 5 P. S. KultaJi

Kullali 149 to 170 22

Mathurapur -U 126 to 141 in 16 P. S. of Raydighi

Pamarpratima 176,180 to 203,208 36 LC 177 II) 179,204 to 207 are in to 218 Region No. 2.6.5.3

Namkhana 74

Gosaba 60,61 ,82 to 94 24 LC 62 to 81,95,100 are in 96 to 99,101 to Region No. 2.6.5.2 104,105 JL 105 is Island.

192 TABLE 3 DATA ON REG(ONAL DIVISIONS Census Location Code No. 09 & 10 DisMct : SOUTH TWENTYFOUR PARGANAS AND CALCUTTA StIlte : WEST BENGAL

Total Main Wod,ers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers ~gion No • .d Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females P'ersons I Males I Females Persons I Males 1 Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 I 9 1 10 2.6. 5. 1 1763625 1612915 1507]0 22658 12777 9881 3806765 1448091 2358674 South Hugli Flats

2.6. 5. 2 255366 241960 13406 21588 4337 17251 686631 247891 438740 South E idyadhari Plain

2.6.5.3 802556 760207 42349 72143 20438 51705 2254377 837290 1417087 HugJi Delta

2.6.5.4 114616 108142 6474 16635 3224 13411 297889 110270 187619 Sundarbans

TABLE 4 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS Census Location Code No. 09 & 10 District: SOUTH TWENTYFOUR PARGANAS AND CALCU'f'L\ State: WEST BENGAL

:egion No. Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers nd Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males 1 Females ·Persons J Males 1Females PersolllS 1 Males I Females 1 2 1 3 J 4 5 J 6 J 7 8 L 9 I 10

~:~. 6. 5. 1 188606 177341 11265 12554 4980 7574 504494 182563 321931 :~outh Hugh :::lats

:Z. 6. 5. 2 246214 233666 12548 21484 4291 17193 661983 238796 423187 South Bidyadhari Plain

2. 6. 5. 3 739118 702531 36587 711n 19990 51187 2079883 171229 1308654 Hugli Delta

2.6.5.4 114616 108142 6474 16635 3224 13411 297889 110270 187619 Sundarbans

193 TABLE 5 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - URBAN Census Location Code No. C9 & 10 District: SOUTH TWENTYFOVR PARGANAS AND CALCUTTA State: WEST BENGAL

.egion No. Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non • Workers ad Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females JP'ersons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 I 9 I 10

:~. 6. 5. 1 1575019 1435574 139445 10104 7797 2307 3302271 1265528 2036743 South Hugli Flats

2.6.5.2 9152 8294 858 104 46 58 24648 9095 15553 !;outh Bidyadhari Plain

:~. 6. 5. 3 63438 57676 5762 966 448 518 174494 66061 108433 Hugli Delta

2.6.5.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 !;undarbans

TABLE 6 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS Census Location Code No. 09 & 10 District: SOUTH TWENTYFOUR PARGANAS AND CALCUTI'A State: WEST BENGAL

T Literates T Scheduled castes T Scheduled tribes ~egion No. R R R rod Name U U U Persons I Males IFemales Persons I Males IFemales Persons I Males IFemales 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 2. 6. 5. 1 T 3721154 2215404 1505750 T 568031 307291 260740 T 10994 6367 _4627 South HugH R 350321 217266 133055 R 215781 111304 104477 R 424 218 206 Flats U 3370833 1998138 1372695 U 352250 195987 156263 U 10570 6149 4421

2.6.5.2 T 316941 218200 98741 T 364623 188542 176081 T 40225 20227 19998 South R 298933 207393 91540 R 347238 179539 167699 R 40093 20169 19924 Bidyadhari U 18008 10807 7201 U 17385 9003 8382 U 132 58 74 Plain

2.6.5.3 T 1427741 927232 500509 T 1135866 588377 547489 T 11449 5889 5560 HugH Delta R 1255310 829691 425619 R 1088446 563642 524804 R 10975 5640 5335 U 172431 97541 74890 U 47420 24735 22685 U 474 249 225

2.6.5.4 T 172799 117444 55355 T 183896 94992 88904 T 16424 8306 8118 Sundarbans R 172799 117444 55355 R 183896 94992 88904 R 16424 8306 8118 U 0 0 0 U 0 0 0 U 0 0 0

194 STATEMENT ON REGIONWIS E PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DIstrict: SOUTH TWENTYFOUR PARGANAS AND CALCUTIA Census Location Code No. 09 &. 10 State: West Bengal Sl. No.and name of Administrative No. the Regional Divisions Geology Soils Physio-Cultural Characteristics Divisions (C. D. Blocks) 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Division No. 1. Mahestola Alluvium Aquepts­ The region extends from Calcutta 2.6.5.1 2. Thakurpukur - Ochrepts. district in the north to Diamond Harbour South Matiabruz in the south. This is a narrow flat Hugli 3. Budge-Budge-] alluvial land stretching along the Flats S. Bishnupur-r HugH river. Most of the industrial 6. Bishnupur-ll activities are concentrated in the 7. Falta region mainly from Lake Town to 8. Diamond Harbour-! Budge Budge in the south. This 9. Diamond Harbour-ll strip of land is densely populated with many temples and crowded bazars. The socio-economic and cultural activities are seem to be much influenced by the HugH river in the region. The Hugli forms the district boundary in the west flowing towards south-west upto Diamong Harbour P. S. and receives the Rupnarayan river in the Hugli point. Then it turns towards east for about 12 Kms. After reaching Diamond Harbour the river resumes a southerly direction untill it falls into the Bay of Bengal. The Hugli is an important tidal river and navigable by the Steamers and Ships upto Calcutta in the region.

In view of soils, this region has the alluvial soils of recent formation. These soils are: shallow black, brown and more sandy in nature due to the flow of the HugH. These soils are suitable for growing of rice. In this region rice is grown in the areas of Budge Budge, Nandakhali, Falta and Diamond Harbour police stations. Rabi crops and other vegetables are also grown along the banks of river.

The region has the largest population of 5, 593,048 residing in 377 villages and 30 urban centres_ Of the total population, the rural and urban account for 12.62 per cent (705, 654) and 87.38 pet cent (4, 887, 394) respectively. In the rural areas 3.37 per cent of main 195 1 ------.------2 3 4 5 6 workers, 0.23 per cent of marginal workers and 9.02 per cent of non-workers are recorded whereas the urban areas presented 28.16 per cent of main workers, 0.18 percent of marginal workers and 59.04 per cent of non-workers. The Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes have presented 10.16 per cent and 4.17 per cent. In case of literacy rate, this flat area have shown 66.53 per cent of literates. The region has an area of 682.76 Km2 and its density is 1, 733 persons per Krn2 in the rural areas and 17, 734 persons per Km2 in the urban areas. The area and population of Calcutta district are included in this region. The Calcutta city is also situated in this region. The region has a good network of communication system. The railways, National highways (No.34 and 35), State highways (No. 1 and3) and other inter district roads which connect all the important towns and centres with other areas in the district. The HugH river also serves the inland water ways. This region is thickly populated.

2. Division No. 1. Bhangar-I Alluvium Aquepts­ The region lies in the northern 2.6.5.2 2. Bhangar-Ii Ochrepts, part of the district. The region is South 3. Baruipur Aqualfs­ also a plain area. The region slopes Bidyadhari 4. Canning-I Aquepts. gradually towards south. The Matla Plain 5. Canning-II is an important river flowing in the 6. Basanti region. It flows towards south to 7. Gosaba the sea and navigable upto Canning (by river Steamers). In the region, there are numerous Steams, water channels or locally khals which ultimately fall into the rivers and esturies assuming the characteristics of Sundarbans Delta.

The region has alluvial soils. shallow black, brown and alluvial soils containing clay and loamy sand occur in the region. Rice is the main food crop of the region. Jute, tobacco, puls(~s and other vegetables and fruits are grown abundantly. 196 2 3 4 5 6 The region has a total pOl?ulation of 963, 585 inhabiting in 358 villages and l(one) urban centre of which 96.48 per cent (929, 681) are in the rural areas and 3.52 per cent (33, 904) in urban areas. Comparatively, in the rural areas the higher proportions of main workers (25.55 per cent), marginal workers (2.23 per cent) and non-workers (68.70 per cent) are found whereas in the urban areas, the lower proportions of main workers (0.95 per cent), marginal workers (0.01 per' cent) and non­ workers (2.56 per cent) are recorded. Similarly, the percentage of Scheduled castes (37.84 per cent) is higher than Scheduled tribes (4.17 per cent). In case of literacy, the region shown 32.89 per cent of literates. The region has an area of 1119.45 Km2 and it has a density of 840 persons per Km2 in the rural areas and 2, 612 persons per Km2 in the urban areas. Canning (NM) is the only urban centre in the region. The railway line and other roads connect Canni.ng (NM) with other important centres of the district.

3. Division No. 1. Bishnupur-I Recent Aquepts­ The region lies in the south-western 2.6.5.3 2. Bishnupur-II Alluvium Ochrepts, part of the district. After crossing Hugli Delta 3. Basanti Aqualfs­ the Diamond Harbour, the HugH 4. Jayanagar-I Aquepts, river resumes the southerly direction. 5. Jaynagar-II Aquepts­ It bifurcates the main channel passing 6. Kultali Aquents. into two, one is passing towards west 7. Magrahat-I and another channel passing to the 8. Magrahat-ll east of Sagore Island. The latter 9. Falta channel called the Baratala river 10. Diamond Harbour-I flowing towards south and falls 1]. Diamond Harbour-II finally in the Bay of Bengal. In this 12. Kulpi region the HugH river comes to an 13. Mandir Bazar end. So this region is known as 14. Mathurapur-I Hugli Delta. In the lower part of the 15. Mathurapur-ll region, there are numerous water 16. Patharoratima channels, islands as the characteristic 17. Kakdwip features of Deltaic region and the 18. Sagar Sundarbans. During the dry season 19. Namkhana the tides are raising up strongly and 20. Sonarpur ranging from 3 to 5 metres high in 21. Baruipur the lower reaches of the HugH. 22. Canning-I Henry's Island, Sagore Island, 197 I 2 3 4 5 6 Frederick Island, and Fraserganj Island are the worth mentioning islands in the region.

As regards soils, the region has alluvial soils of recent formation. In the northern part of the region, the shallow black, brown and alluvial soils are found whereas the southern part has the recently formed, hydromorphic and coastal soils. Sugar cane, coconuts, vegetables and fruits an:~ largely grown in the region. Rice is the main food crop of the region. In the delta or Sundarbans areas, there are some low forests in which few big trees are found growing.

There are 3, 129, 076 persons inhabiting in 1319 villages and 12 urban centres. The rural and urban areas account for 92.37 per cent (2, 890, 178) and 7.63 per cent (238, 898) respectively. In the region, the lower percentage of main workers (2.03 per cent), marginal workers (0.03 per cent) and non­ workers (5.58 per cent) are observed in the urban areas and higher percentage of main workers (23.62 per cent), marginal workers (2.27 per cent ) and non - workers (66.47 per cent) are noticed in the rural areas. There are 36.30 per cent of Scheduled castes and 0.37 per cent of Scheduled tribes. As regards literacy, this region has 45.63 per cent of literates of the total population. The region has an area 2 of 2891.40 Krn and has a density of 1, 021 persons per Km2 in the rural areas and 3, 975 persons per Km2 in the urban areas. The Sripur Bagharghol (NM), Laskarpur (NM). Kumarkhali (NM). Sonarpur (NM), Chuhati (NM), Rajpur (M), Tentulberia (NM) , Barhansfartabad (NM), Baruipur (NM), Champahati (NM), Jaynagar Mazilpur (M) and Diamond Harbour (M) are the main urban centres in the region. The 198 2 3 4 5 6 railway line, State highways (No. 1 and 3) and other roads connect these urban centres with other areas of the region.

4. Division No. 1. Basanti Alluvium Aquepts­ The region lies in the south-eastern 2.6.5.4 2. Jaynagar-II Aquents, part of the district. It is under the Sundarbans 3. Kultali Aquepts­ entire stretch of the Sundarbans. As 4. Mathurapur-II Ochrepts, a characteristic feature of the 5. Pathar Pratima Aqualfs­ Sundarbans the region has a network 6. Namkhana Aquepts. of tidal channels, river creeks (khals) 7. Gosaba and numerous islands. Some of these are swampy morasses covered with low forests. The land is gradually sloping towards the sea. This area is a typical specimen of new deltic fOImation and is in such state of half land and half water which is almost imperceptible into the sea. The area is a sort of drowned land, broken by the swamps and intersected by many river channels. The Saptamukhi, the J amira or Thakuran, the Metla, the Guasuba and the Raimangal are estuaries of the sea which are interspersed and separated by several large islands such as Lothian Island, in the mouth of the Saptamukhi, Bulcherry Island between J amrla and Metla, Dalhousie Island between the Metla and the Guasuba and the Bangaduni Island at the mouth of Guasuba. The area is not conducive to the human settlements due to obvious reasons such as the nature of low lying area and liable to be submerged.

The region has also the type of alluvial soils of recent formation. The soils generally consist of clay, loam and sandy loam and silts. The soils are more saline due to the brackish water of the sea in the Sundarbans. In the region cultJ.vation is carried on by making embankments only. Winter rice (aman paddy) and the boro (coarse paddy) are grown in the region. Fruits and other vegetables are also grown in the winter season. 199 2 3 4 5 6 In the region there are 429. 140 persons inhabited in 112 villages. The region is entirely rural and has an area of 1138.80 Km2. There are 26.71 per cent of main workers. 3.88 per cent of marginal workers and 69.41 per cent of non-workers. The percentage of Scheduled castes (42.85 per cent) is higher than Scheduled tribes (3.83 per cent) in this area. The density of population is 377 persons per Km2 and having 40.27 per cent of literates. There is a lack of corrununication facility at Sundarbans. The waterways are the only means of communication with other places. Whereas the embankments are the chief means of communication within the region. The area is not suitable for human settlements due to its low-lying nature and liable to be submerged. There are stagnant water at places and unhealthy conditions prevail there. So human settlements are sparsely distributed in this region.

200 DISTRICT HAORA REGIONAL DIVISIONS

The district Haora is located in between 22012'30" and 22046'55" North latitudes and 87 050'45" and 88022'10" East longitudes. It iB bounded on the north, north-east by the district of HugH. on the West and South-West by the district of Medinipur and on the east by the districts of North 1\ventyfour Parganas, Calcutta and South 'l\ventyfour Parganas. On the east and south-east the Hugli (Bhagirathi) and the Rupnarayan riv~r on the west and south-west constitute the natural boundary of the district. The Damodar river flow down towards south joins the Hugli river near D,.ngakhola village ofP. S. Sharnpur. There are 14 C. D. Blocks comprising 741 village and 47 urban centres. It has a total population of 3, 729,644 in an area of 1396.20 Krn2 of which 1, 880, 530 (50.42 pe:r cent) live in the rural areas and 1,849,114 (49.58 per cent) in the urban areas. It has the rural density of 1, 592 persons per Km2 and urban density of 8, 600 persons per Km2 respectively. Of the working population, there are 28.56 per cen t of main workers, 0.54 per cenl. of marginal workers ar..d 70.90 per cent of non-workers. The proportion of Scheduled castes (15.79 per cent) is higher than Scheduled tribes (0.27 per cent). As regads the litarcy rate, the district has 57.47 per cent of the total population.

In the State, the district forms a part of the Proper Delta of Region No. 2.6.5. It is a flat alluvial plain, with a graduarslope towards south-east direction. Physiographically, three tracts are formed in the district viz. the eastern tract stretching from the HugH and its branch the Saraswati, the central tract traversed by the Damodar and ':ts branch Kana Darnodar or Kausiki and the western tract between the Damodar and the Rupnarayan rivers. The average height of the areas is ranges from 5 to 6 metres above the mean sea level. As regards geological structure the district presents a recent formation. The soils are Fluvents-Aqaepts-Aqualfs, Aquepts-Aquents, Aquepts-Ochrepts.

On the basis of the physiograprucal factors the district is divided into three sub-micro regions.

2.6.5.1-Rupanarayan-Damodar Plain

The region represents the Western tract lying in between the Damodar on the east and the Rupnarayan on the West. The northern part of the region is higher than the: Hugli and the other regions. Most probably the region is a plain area with a gradual slope towards south and south-east. Th.ere are many swamps and water creeks, riveJine landscape and embankments built along the river course. In the region the settlements are distributed on the embankments. The Rupnarayan river fl ows along the district boundary and does not intersected the district. It becomes very wide at the lower portion and enters the HugH river at the HugH point. The region has alluvial soils consisting of sand, silty loam and clay.

The region has 6 C. D. Blocks comprising 323 villages and 3 urban centres. It has population of 796, 626 of which 776, 148 Persons (97.43 per cent) are rural and 20, 478 Persons (2.57 per cent) are urban. The area of the region is 537.70 Km2 and the densities of 1, 463 persons pl~r Km2 and 2790 persons per Krn2 are found in the rural and urban areas respectively. Of the total population, there are 27.20 per cent of main workers, 1.15 per cent of marginal workers and 71.65 p,!r cent of non-workers. Regarding the Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes, the region has [(~corded 16.23 per cent and 0.14 per cent respectively. The literacy rate is 53.53 per cent of the total population.

2.. 6.5.2-Hugli-Damodar Plain

The region covers the central low land areas between Damodar on the west and the Hugli on the east. The region has a gentle slope Hnd consequently the rivers flow to the south. The physical landforms are almost similer to the Region No. 2.6.5.1. The region is drained by the Darnodar and its branch Kana Damodar and the Saraswati. The Kana Damodar is the old or 201 de:serted river channel of the damodar. Similarly the Saraswati also becomes dead or dry river. Many swamps and marshes are found in the region. There is little highland where the villages are sil:uated and being surrounded with the trees. The paddy fields are found stretching to the verge of the marshes. As regards geology, the region is formect by recent alluvium. The soils are brown, shallow-black, brown and alluvial.

The region comprises 11 C. D. Blocks with 376 villages and 21 urban centres. It has population of 1, 235, 183, the rural being 994, 697 (80.53 per cent) and the urban 240, 486 (19.47 p~:r cent) in an area of 659.00 Km2. The region has rural density of 1, 666 persons per Km2 and urban density of 3, 883 persons per Km2. Of the total population, the region has 27.35 per cent of main workers, 0.55 per cent of marginal workers and 72.11 per cent of non-workers. There are 24.66 per cent of Scheduled castes and 0.28 per cent of Scheduled tribes. Whereas the literacy rate is 50.70 per cent.

2.6.5.3.Hugli Flats

The region lies over the entire stretch of the alluvial flat area of Hugli district. Topographically, the northern part is higher than the southern part. The highe:r lands are relatively found inhabited by the villages. These villages are intersected with low lying marches and paddy fields. The swamps and their outlets drain towards south-east to the Hugli. The region is influenced by the flow of the Hugli river. It enters the district at the outfall of the Bally Khal just north of the Vivekananda Bridge. Between this point and the Haora Bridge, there is a single meander at Malipanchghara. The deep channel flowing in a meandering course from the SaJimer and it broadens at the lower stage. The loweer Hugli is under the tidal forces and become the biggest navigable river by the big steamers to the open seas. The average height of the riverside n~aches 5 to 6 metres above the mean sea level. Alluvial soils containmg sand, sandy clay and loam are found in the region.

The region has only 42 villages and 23 urban centres in 5 C. D. Blocks. It has population of 1,697, 835 of which the rural area presents 6.46 per cent (109,685) and the urban area records 93.54 per cent (1, 588, 150) respectively. The region has an area of 199.50 Km2 with the,rural and urban densities of 2, 040 persons per Km2 and 10, 897 persons per Km2 respectively. There are high concentration of big cities and towns which are thickly populated urban centres, in this region. In terms of Working population, this flat area has 30.09 per cent of main workers, 0.25 per cent of marginal workers and 69.66 per cent of non-workers. Comparatively the percentage of Scheduled C2,stes (9.13 per cent) is more than Schduled tribes (0.32 per cent). It is observed that most of the inhabitants are literate and presented 64.24 per cent of the total population.

202 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 29

WEST BENGAL c DISTRICT HAORA CENSUS CODE 11 2.6.5.1 . ... RUPNARAYAN DAMODAR PLAIN 2.6.5.2 ... HUGLI OAMOOAR PLAIN REQIONAL DIVISIONS 2.6.5.3 . .. HUGLI FLATS 10 15 20 25 km

u G DISTRICT NORTH TWENTY­ OUR ARGANAS

C.D. BLOCK OLUBERIA g Q.. ~.~ 1 RAIiIUlE8PIIR 2 SAIII_ CD. 8LOCK SANKRAI. ~ .I2!!..M 1 JlfORHAT 2 itl.TGAQW. ! PAIIQI'ARA z I POOARA

BOUNDARY, DISTRICT •••••••••••••••.••• _ • _ • _ .. POUCE STATION .•••.• •••••. .. '._' _. _ " C. D. BLDCK ...... ______VILLAGE HAYING 5000 , A.OVE POPULATION. • • • • • URBAN AREA ...... f'l!al~ NATIONAL HIGHWAY • ... ••••••• . .•.••••••. _...::.:HH:.!S:__

STATE HIGHWAY I IMPORTANT METALLED ROAD •• • .Jli1L6/ _ RAILWAY LIN£ WITH STATION, BROAD GAUGE. .. .. _-.1'.' __ RIYER •.•.•..•••. . ••••••.•••••.•.•• ~ REGIONAL DIVISIONS ...... '-j' l' j' 1 ~ACRO .•.•..••••• ••.• •• • •.•••.••••• _ ._ .. _ , I I ~ESO.•.•••••••• • •• . " . . • • . • • • • • • • • • '-f-t- MICRO •.••••••••••.•.••. . •. ••• ••• •• • SUB-MlClIO WITH BOUNDARY...... , ••••.•••

SOIL GEOLOGY ,/ r 10 2p

s [ READ THE SEQUANCE OF REGIONAL / I&J •• FLUVENTS - AQU£PTS - AQUALFS !======l (Ill AQUEPTS - AQUENTS DIVISIONS WITH REF ERANCE i O ALL W RECENT (] E=:;I t•• ADUEPTS - OCHREPTS INOlA MAP CODES UP TO 3 TIER]

"

TABLE 1 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS Dislrict : HAORA Census Location Code No. 11 State : WEST BENGAL

No. of No. of T Area in T Population Region No. Villages in Towns in R Km2,. R and Name each each U U Females region region Persons Males [ 1 l 4 5 6 7 8 9 3

:!.6.5.1 323 3 T 537.70 T 796626 410270 386356 Rupnarayan R 53C'.36 R 776148 399544 376604 Damodar Plain U 7.34 U 20478 10726 9752

l.6.5.2 376 21 T 659.00 T 1235183 637758 597425 fIugli-Damodar R 597.06 R 994697 512732 481965 Plain U 61.94 U 240486 125026 115460

2.6.5.3 42 28 T 199.50 T 1697835 934429 763406 HugH Flats R 5:1.76 R 109685 56629 53056 U 145.74 U 1588150 877800 710350

"'The summation of the area figures of the Police Station:; under each district will not tally with the concerned district area figures because the fonner represent those supplied by the S:tate Director of Land Records and Survey while the later represents those supplied by the Surveyor General, India,

TABLE l REGIONWISE VILLAGE CODES, 1991 [listrict : HAORA Census Location Code No. 11 State : WEST BENGAL

Location Total No, of Area of Regional Division Code no. of Villa,!;es Division in Kmz. Number C.D. Block Census Remarks and Name Villages or C.D. In as per 1991 Block Division Total Rural Urban 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2.6.5.1 Udaynarayanpur 1 to 62 62 323 53770 530.36 7.34 LC 63 to 165 are not existing RUpDaIayan 3 Towns as per DCH. Damodar Palin Amta-D 63 to 120, 69 LC 121 is in Region No. 2.6.5.2. 122 to 132 LC I to 62 are not existing as per IlCH.

Bagnan.I 1 to 19. 37 to 33 LC 32, 60. 74 are Urbanised. 41, 58, 59, 61 LC 42 to 57 are in Region No. to 63, 73, 75 to 2.6.5.2. 77

Bagnan-I 20 to 31, 33 to 48 36, 64 to 72, 78 to 100

Shyampur - I 69, 70, 79 to 35 III

Shyampur· II 1 to 68, 71 to 76 78

2.6.5.2. Bally-Jagachba 1,3.4,13, of 4 376 659.00 597.06 61.94 LC 2,5,7 to 12 are Urbanised. Hugh- Liluah P.S. 21 Towns LC 6 is in Region No. 2.6.5.3 Damodar Plain Sankrail 2 to 12. 22, 23, 16 LC 1.13 to IS, 17,19,20,24,27 25,26,28 are Urbanised. LC 16,18,21 are in Region No. 2.6.5.3.

Panchla I to 17, 191023 29 LC 18,24,30,33 are Urbanised. 25 to 29, 31. 32

Jagathballavpur 1 to 71 77

205 C 1 2 3 4 =CS 6 7 8 9 Udaynmyanpur 166 10 176, 178, l3 LC 177 is not existing as per OCH. 179

Amta -I 121. 133 to 142, 79 LC 143 Urbanised. LC 122 to 132 144 to 165, 177, are in Region No. 2.6.5.1. 1£ 180 to 224 166 to m, 178, 179 are nol existing as per OCR

Bagnan - 1 42 to 57 16

Uluberia -1 9,14 to 56, 66 to 54 LC 69 Uttlanised. LC 77 to 84 are in 68,70 to 76 Region NCo. 2.6.53.

Uluberia - II 1 to 8, 10 to 13, 32 LC 85 to 88,95,96,99,102 are Ultaniseil. 57 to 65, 89 to 94, 97, 98, 100. 101, 103

Shyampur - I 112 to 117, 119, 13 1£ 118, 120, 121, 127 to 141 are in 122 to 126, 142 Region No. 2.6.5.3.

Domju! 1 to 14, 16 to 19, 43 LC 15,20,24,27,28,30,33,34,50 to 52, 2J to 23, 25,26, 55 are UrJlUlised. 29, 31, 32, 35 to 49, 53, 54

2.6.5.3 Bally-Jagachha 6 ~2 199.50 53.76 145.74 Hugli 28 Towns F1als Sankrail 16,18,21 3 LC 17,19,20 are Urbanised.

Ulubena-l 77 to 84, 1II 17 LC 85 to 88, 95, 102,110 are Urbanised. 10 119

Uluberia-ll 104 of Uluberia 2 LC 105 to 109 are not exiting as per P.S. and 9 of DCH. Le. 88 to 94, 96 to 101, Bauria P.S. 103 are in Region No. 2.6.5.2.

Shyampur - I 118,120,121,127 19 LC 119, 122 to [26, 142 are in to 141, 143 Region No. 2.6.5.2.

TABLE 3 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - TOTAL District : HAORA Census LOI:ation Code No. 11 State: WEST BENGAL

Region No. Total Main W(lrkers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers and Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers [ Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females Persons' Males I Females 1 2 J 3 J 4 5 J 6 I 7 8 I 9 J 10

2.6.5.1 216710 206006 10704 9115 2936 6179 570801 201328 369473 Rupnarayan Damodar Plain

2_6.5.2 337780 321875 [5905 6759 1861 4898 8906·.4 314022 576622 HugLi-Damodar Plain

2.6.5.3 510832 485111 25721 4241 2533 1708 1182762 446785 735977 HugH Flats

206 TABLE 4 DATA ON REGIONAL DlV1SIONS - RURAL District: HAORA Census Location Code No. 11 State : WEST BENGAL

r-"' Uegion No. Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers (.00 Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females PersoJls I Males I Females f-' 1 2 L 3 1 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 I 9 1 Ii) 2.6.5.1 211416 201081 10335 8924 2921 6003 555808 195542 360266 Rupnarayan Damodar Plain

2.6.5.2 272062 259354 12708 6323 1728 4595 716312 251650 464662 Hugli-Darnodar Plain

2.6.5.3 29042 28174 868 1432 369 1063 79211 28086 51125 Hugli F1afS

TABLE 5 DATA ON REGIONAL DlVISIONS - URBAN District : HAORA Censlls L()(:ation Code No. 11 State : WEST BENGAL

Region No. Total Main W&rkers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers md Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers [ Persons _l Males I Females Persons 1 Males I Females Persons 1 Males I Females 1 2 1 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 I 9 I 10 2.6.5.1 5294 4925 369 191 15 176 14993 5786 9207 Rupnarayan Damodar Plain

2.0.5.2 65718 62521 3197 436 133 303 174332 62372 111960 Hugli-Damodar Plain

2.6.5.3 481790 456937 24853 2809 2164 645 1103551 418699 684852 HugH Flats

TABLE 6 DATA ON REGIONAL DlVISIONS District: HAORA Census Location Code No. 11 State : WEST BENGAL

T Literates T Scheduled castes T Scheduled tribes Region No. R R R and Name U U U [ Persons I Males IFemales persons! Males JFemales Persons I Males IFemales 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13

2.6.5.1 T 426398 258935 167463 T 129306 66064 63242 T 1112 552 560 Rupnarayan R 413049 251195 161854 R 127082 64925 62157 R 1103 549 554 Damodar Plain U 13349 7740 5609 U 2224 1139 1085 U 9 3 6

2.6.5.2 T 626210 377220 248990 T 304578 155630 148948 T 3489 1832 1657 Hugli-Damodar R 492546 299090 193456 R 2585Q3 132058 126445 R 2991 1552 1439 Plain U 133664 78130 55534 U 46075 23572 22503 U 498 280 218

2.6.5.3 T 1090698 655465 435233 T 155023 82681 72342 T 5489 3014 2475 Hugli Flats R 47046 29294 17752 R 29587 15287 14300 R 30 18 12 U 1043652 626171 417481 U 125436 67394 58042 U 5459 2996 2463 207 STATEMENT ON REGIONWISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS District: HAORA Census Location Code No. 11 State: West Bengal Sl. No.and name of Administrative No. the Regional Divisions Geology Soils Physio-Cultural Characteristics Divisions (C. D. Blocks) 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Division No. 1. Udaynarayanpur Alluvium Fluvents­ The region covers the western 2.6.5.1 2. Amta-II Aquepts­ tract of the district which lies Rupanarayan 3. Bagnan-I Aqualfs, between Damodar on the east and -Damodar 4. Bagnan-II Aquepts­ the Rupanaray.m on the west. Most Plain 5. Shyampur-l Aquents. probably the region is a plain area 6. Shyampur-ll Aquepts­ but rises towards the north and Ochrepts. north-west. Consequently the rivers are flowing to the south and south­ east. There are many swamps and water creeks which become dry or very shallow during the hot season. The Bakshi and the Gaighata Khals (locally) combine togather and form a channel between the Damodar and the Rupanarayan. The Rupanarayan does not intersect the district at anywhere. It flows for about 56 Kms along the district boundary towards south-west. It expands into a wide basin at the lower course and then enters the HugU through a narrow but del;:p neck at Geonkhali in P. S. Tamluk of Medinipur opposite to the Hugli point. The river is under the tidal influence and navigable by boats and small steamers.

The region has alluvial soils. It contains sandy clay, sandy loam and silty clay. The sandy clay and loamy soils occur in C. D. Block Udaynarayanpur, Amta-II and along the banks of Damodar river and are more suitable for the growth of Paddy, Jute, Potato etc. The silty clay and loamy soils are also found in C. D. Block Bagnan-I. Bagnan-II and adjoining areas from Gaighata along the Damodar upto the Uluberia Khal (locally). In the southern parts of C. D. Block Bagnan (I&II) and Shyampur-II the soils are saline and coconut trees are growing extensively.

208 2 3 4 5 6 The region has altogether 796, 626 persons of which 97.43 per cent (776, 148) are in the rural areas and 2.57 per cent (20, 478) in the urban areas. Of the total populataion, 26.54 per cent of main workers 1.12 per cent of marginal workers and 69.78 per cent of non-workers are found in the mral areas and 0.66 per cent of main workers, 0.02 per cent of marginal workers and 1.88 per cent of non - workers are observed in the urban areas. In the region, the Scheduled castes (16.23 per cent) have shown higher percentage whereas the Scheduled tribes have recorded only 0.14 per cent. In case of literacy, there is 53.53 per cent of literates. It has 323 villages and 3 (three) urban centres located in 6 C. D. Blocks. The railway line and National Highway (No. 5 I 6) pass through the mgion and connect the urban centres viz. Khalor (NM), Barunda (NM) and Bagnan (NM). The region has an area of 537.70 Km2 and density of 1, 463 persons per Km2 in rural areas and 2, 790 persons per Km2 in urban areas.

2. Division No. 1. Bally-J agachha Alluvium Aquepts­ The region covers most of the 2.6.5.2 2. Sankrail Aquents, central low land areas between the Damodar on the west and the Hugli HugH 3. Panchla Aquepts­ (Bhagirathi) on the east. Many ·Damodar 4. Jagatballavpur Ochrepts. marshes or swamps with embankments are also found in the Plain 5. Udaynarayanpur region. The Rajapur swamps lie 6. Amta-I between the Saraswati and the Kana 7. Bagnan-I Damodar and the swamps extend betwt:en the Saraswati and 8. Uluberia-I Hugli from north to south. In the 9. Uluberia-II region it may be noted that the Kana 10. Shyampur-I Damodar is the old river channel of the Damodar and similarly 11. Domjur also becomes dry.

The Damodar originates from Hazaribag district of Bihar and enters Haom district then flows towards south. The Damodar finally falls into the HugH in P. S. Shyampur. Many swamps and 209 1 2 3 4 5 6 water crecks (Khals) are found falling into the Damodar. The river has been embanked on both sides. The banks vary from 2 to 5 metres in height. The river is nevigable by boats up to Amta.

The soils are alluvial and contain mainly clay loamy soils which are very much suitable for the growth of paddy. Besides paddy, musuri pulses and khesari are also grown in this region.

The region has 376 villages and 21 urban centres falling in 11 C. D. Blocks. It has a total population of 1,235, 183, of which 80.53 per cent are recorded in the rural areas and 19.47 per cent in the urban areas. It is observed that higher proportions of main workers (22.03 per cent), marginal workers (0.51 per cent) and non-workers (57.99 per cent) are recorded in the rural areas whereas the lower percentages of main workers (5.32 per cent), marginal workers (0.04 per cent) and non workers (14.11 per cent) are found in the urban areas. Similarly, the percentage of Scheduled castes (24.66 per cent) is more than Scheduled tribes (0.28 per cent). The literacy rate is 50.70 per cent of the region. The region has an area of 659.00 Km2 and recorded its rural density of 1666 persons per Km2 and the urban density of 3, 883 persons per :Km2. In the region, among the 21 towns, Bankura(NM) is the biggest town. The region is thickly populated and has a good communication system. The railway line and the National highway (No.5 I 6) are passing through the region and connecting with other important centres of the diStrict.

210 1 2 3 4 5 6 3. Division No. 1. BalJy-Jagachha Alluvium Aquepts- The region extends along the 2.6.5.3 2. Sankrail Ochrepts. entire stretch of Hugli. It is a flat HugH 3. Uluberia-I alluvial plain area of the district. In Bats 4. Uluberia-ll view of topograpby, the northern 5. Shyampur-I part is a little higher than the southern part. The general slope of the region is towards south-east direction. The higher land areas are mostly covered by the villages. The villages nre interspersed with low lying marshes and paddy fields. The swamps receive water from the sarrounding land during the rains and therl flows to the Hugli.

The southc;~m part of the region has a number of stagnant pools. The average height of the riverside varies from 5 to 6 metres above the mean sea level. The region is influenced by the Hugli river in many respects. The river enters the district at the outfall of the Bally Khal just north of the Vivekananda Bridge. Between this point and the Haora Bridge there is a single meander at Malipanchghara where the wide of the channel is almost double of that at Haora Bridge. From the Salimar point the deep channel starts flowing in a meandering eourse and it broadens more at the lower reaches. The lower Hugli is under the influence of strong tidal forces. The Hugli is the only biggest navigable river by the big steamers to the open seas.

The soils of the region are alluvial containing of silt clay, sandy clay, loam and saline soils, sandy loams are the coarse texture soils which occur along the river beds. In the lower parts of the region in P. S. Bawria and Uluberia the saline soil occurs. This type of soil is very much suited for the luxuriant growth of coconut trees. Vegetables like potatoes, cabbage, cauliflower, radish and bringal are grown extensively on the region.

211 2 3 4 5 6 This region has the largest population of 1, 697, 835 in the district. Of the total population, the region has recorded 6.46 per cent for rural area and 93.54 per cent for urban area respectively. Comparatively, higher proportions of main workers (28.38 per cent). marginal workers (0.17 per cent) and non-work ers (65.00 per cent) are observed in the urban areas whereas the lower proportions of main workers (1.71 per cent), marginal workers (0.08 per cent) and non-workers (4.66 per cent) are recorded in the rural areas. There are 9.13 per cent of Scheduled castes and 0.32 per cent of Scheduled tribes in the region.

Regarding the literacy, in the district, this region has presented the highest percentage of literates (64.24 per cent). The area of the region is 199.50 Km2 and its densities are 2, 040 persons ~er Km2 and 10, 897 persons per Km in rural and urban areas. Among the 23 urban centres. Haora (Me) is the biggest town. The region is well developed ,md has a good communication system. The railways, National highways (Nos. 2, 5 I 6) and State highways (No. 2 / 6) and other imp011ant roads which connect all the main towns / cities with other ar(~as of the region.

212 DISTRICT HUGLI REGIONAL DIVISIONS

The district Hugli is lying in between 22 0 39'32"and 23°07'20" Northlongitudes and 87°30'20" and 88°30'15" East longitudes. The district is bordered on the north by the districts of Bankura and Barddhaman, on the south by the district of Haora, on the east by the Bhagirathi (Hugli river) demarcating the district of Nadia toward:; north and the North Twentyfour Parganas district towards east and on the west and south-west by the district of Medinipur. The district comprises 1922 villages and 36 urban centres in 18 C. D. Blocks. It has an area of 3573.30 Km2 inhabited by 4, 355, 230 persons, of which 2, 996, 979 Jive in the rural areas and 1, 358, 251 in the urban artas. Both the rural and urban areas have recorded 68.81 per cent and 31.19 per cent respectivel2" The district has its rural density of 881 persons per Km2 and urban density 7, 919 persons per Km . There are 30.57 per cent of main workers, 0.57 per cent of marginal workers and 68.86 per cent of non-workers. In the district, the percentage of Scheduled castes (24.11 per cent) is higher than Scheduled tribes (4.05 per cent). The literacy rate is 56.88 per cent of the total population of the di~;trict.

The district is a part of the Proper Delta of Region No. 2.6.5. and its topographical homogeneity is remarkable. The land in the west of Dwarakeswar has a perceptible rise in elevation and some undulations. The land is rocky as a continuation of the Bankura terrain at a h.igher elevation. The diBtrict is sloping from the north-west to the south-east and drain by important rivers of the Dwarakeswar, the Mundeswari, the Damodar and the Bhagirathi. There is a flat alluvial plain imersected by the rivers and streams in between Bhagirathi and Dwarakeswar rivers. The district is formed of recent alluvium. The soils found in the district are Aqualfs-Fluvent~Aqualfs, Ochrepts­ Fluvents, Fluvents-Aquepts-Aqualfs, Aquepts~Ochrepts and Ochrepts~Fluvents..

In considering about the physiographic details, the district is divided into the following three sub-micro regions.

2.6.5.1-Dwarakeswar Plain

The region lies on the western portion of the district. In the east the Damodar river forms its boundary. The western portion of the Dwarakeswar is upland and rocky as it is a continuation of the Bankura terrain. While the eastern portion between the Damodar and the Dwarakeswar is found to be a plain area and its general slope is towards south-east. The Mundeswari and other streams flow into the Dwarakeswar. The river beds become rise due to deposits of sand and silt carried by the currents of the rivers. The soil found in the region is alluvial.. which is brown and shallow black, brown in colour. In the regior, some scrub jungles are found developing.

The region has 567 villages and 1 urban centre in 6 C. D. Blocks. It has a total population of 989, 726 in an area of 1061.10 Km2. Of the total popUlation, the rural and urban areas have 944, 515 and 45, 211 persons which record 95.43 percent and 4.57 percent respectively. The region shows its rural density of 906 persons per Km2 and the urban density of 2, 375 persons per Km2. Of the working population, there are 28.69 per cent of main workers, 0.85 per cent of marginal workers and 70.46 per cent of non~workers, The Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes have recorded 30.46 per cent and 1.75 per cent. In terms of literacy rate, 51.58 pe!r cent of literates are recoreded in this region.

2.6.5.2-Hugli-Damodar Plain

The region spreads over the area between the Damodar in the west and the Saraswati river ill the east. It is characterised by the presence of its plain area and alluvial soil Most probably this region is sloping towards south-east. The Kana Nadi, the Kana Damodar and the Saraswati are the prominent rivers of the region. They have natural embankments at various points. In the region, 213 a ·~ontinuous line of high embankments on the left bank of the Damodar river is found as a marked of topographic feature. The villages are distributed along the banks of the river. Most of the vil1ages are surrounded by the cultivated fields. The region has many depressions which receives :-vater from the surrounding lands during the rainy season 81nd discharge the water through small channels. The alluvial soil containing humous is found in the region. It is very fertile due to deposits of sand, silt and clays carried down by the rivers.

The region falls in 12 C. D. Blocks consisting of 1271 villages and 11 urban centres. There are 2,059, 741 persons residing in an area of 2287.10 Km2. Of the total population 92.72 per cent (1, 909, 708) live in the rural areas and 7.28 per cent (150, 033) in the urban areas. The density of population is 847 persons per Km2 in the rural areas and 4574 persons per Km2 in the urban areas. In this plain area, 32.62 per cent of main workers, 0.68 per cent of marginal workers and 66.70 per cent of non-workers are recorded. Whereas the Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes have presented 26.87 per cent and 7.21 per cent respectivesy. The literacy rate is 52.89 per cent of the total inhabitants.

2.6.S.3-Hugli Flats

The region is a flat land lying along the entire stretch of HugH. The area is influenced by the course of the Hugli in its socia-economic and other aspects. In the north-eastern part of the region, there are many narrow silted valleys, oxbow lakes and river islands (sand barslbarriers) due to the meandering courses of the HugH. In the lower part, mainly the western bank of the Hugli is comparatively well rised in the form of natural levees (embankment ridge.s). The HugH flows about 80 Kms. Stretching along the district boundary. It is navigable by large boats and streamers. T.ne soils found in the region are brown, shallow black,brown and alluvial soils of recent formation. consisting of sand, clays and silt deposits. 'nlere is no forest in the region.

The region falls in 4 C. D. Blocks comprising the smallest number of 84 villages with higher number of 24 urban centres among the regions of the district. In the region there are 1, 305, 763 pc!l'sons inhabiting within the area of 225.10 Km2. The rural and urban have 142, 756 and 1, 163, 007 persons which account for 10.93 ~ercent and 89.07 percent respectively. The region has the rural density of 1, 354 persons per Km and the urban density of 9, 718 persons per Km2. It is observed that most of the persons are literate and com;titute 67.11 per cent of the total population of the re:gion. As regards the working population th,~ main workers, marginal workers and non-workers have shown 28.75 per cent, 0.19 per cent and 71.06 per cent respectively. Similarly, the Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes have presented 14.96 per cent and 0.82 per cent in the region.

214 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 30

WEST BENGAL o I s DISTRICT HUGLI MAN CENSUS CODE 12 REGIONAL DIVISIONS

Ka 5 10 15 20 lS KI ---=~--~~~~ ,

() / J' -I I' ~ ~ rn / z 0 ~ LIST OF TOWNS (', -< A BARIJIIATI .,., t/) B MONOHARPUR 0 . ~ C c: :;0 KHARSARIA :;0 PURBA TAJPUR C") BEGAMPUR "'0 -; :b. II KANAIPUR -=b H A 0 J::..~ R A ~~ GEOLOGY \ C,

kII M 10 21 ••

C.D. BLOCK--I C.D. BLOCK-CHANDITALT-II C.D. BLOCK - SERAMPUR·UTT ARPAR C.O. BLOCK-CHINSURA-MAGRA SL. NO. VILLAGE NAME SL. NO. VILLAGE NAME SL. NO. VILLAGE NAME SL. NO. VILLAGE NAME BhogoboUpur Pon"gora , Rishro Kolo 7. Kumlrm .. o 2. Chlkrond 2. Balol 2. Amod Gholo l . Romo.ol'pur 3. Nallol 3. Roghunolhpur I. Gongodhorpur 4. Krlshnapur 5. Nonlrampur 5. Oankunl [READ THE SEQUENCE OF REGIONAL DIVISIONS WITH REFERENCE TO ALL INDIA MAP CODES UPTO 3 TIER]

2.6 . ~.1 DWARAKESWAR PLAIN C. O. BLOCKS 2.6.5.2 HUGLHlAMODAR PLAIN A CllNSIJRAH-IlAGRA B SlNGIJR 2.6.5.3 IIUGU FLATS BOUNDARY, DISTRICT .. C SERANPIJR·(}TTARPAfJA " POLICE STATION . " C. D, BLOCK . , . . , YILLAGE HAYING 5000 AND ABOVE POPULA liON • URBAN AREA •.. , SOIL NATIONAL HIGHWAY. • NH 2 II. \& 0 10 U 1( • .__~ STATE HIGHWAY ...... SH2 5 AQUAlF$·FLUVENTS·ADU9ITS IMPORT ANT METALLED ROAD f AOUA lFS . QtIiAEPl$ . fLUvEHt$ RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION, BROAD GAUGE .

FLUVf.H1S· AQUE~lS· .\QUALFS RIVER ...... ' •.. . .•.....•

REGIONAL DIVISIONS ...... 2 . 8 . !S . I ~'l AOU£PT5·AOU(NT$ ;!ACRO .. • ...... •.• . 1 1 i i AQUEPTS·QCIIIEPTS -"T " ""j "1 E=:l " I I I MESO I_)(+)(+X- I I n OCMltEPTS·FlUV£NTS MICRO I D I SUB-MICRO WITH BOUNDARY \.----

TA.BLE 1 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS District: HUGU Census Location Code No. 12 State: WEST BENGAL

No. of No. of T Area in T PopuJ~ltion Region No. Villages in towns in R Km'. R and Name each each U U region region Persons Mules Females [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2.6.5.1 567 T 1061 10 T 989726 50879] 480935 Dwarakeswar R 1042.06 R 944515 485227 459288 Flain U 19.04 U 45211 23564 21647

2.6.5.2 1271 12 T 2287.10 T 2059741 1059690 1000051 HugH Damodar R 2254.30 R 1909708 981083 928625 Plain U 3280 U 150033 78607 71426

2.6.5.3 84 29 T 225.10 T 1305763 703311 602452 HugH Flat R 10543 R 142756 74306 68450 U 119.61 U 1163007 629005 534002

"The summation of the area figures of the Police Stations under each district will not tally with the concerned district area ligures because the fonner represent those supplied by the State Director of Land Records and Survey while the later represents those supplied by the Surveyor General, India.

TABLE 2 REGIONWISE VILLAGE CODES, 1991 DiHtrict : HUGLI Census Locution Code No. 12 State : WEST BENGAL

Location Total No. of Area of Regional livision 2 Code No. of Villages Division in Km • lumber C.D. Block Census Remarks nd Name Villages Of C.D. In as per 1991 Block ll>ivision Total Rural Urban 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1.6.5.1 ·1 23 to 25, 28 to 99 567 1061.10 1042.06 19.04 Dwarakeswar 35,48 to 79, 1 Town Plain 93 to 121,180, 186 to 211

Goghat·I1 1 to 22,26;2.7, 112 36 to 47,80 to 92,122 to 179. 181 to 185

Arambag 1 to 7. 14 to 26. 159 LC 8 to 13.27 to 29, 30.33 (Part) 40 to 31 to 33 (part). 34 to 176 39 are Urbanised.

Khanalrnl . I I to 49, 84.85,92 to 94 134,

Khanakul . II 50 to 83,86 to 91. 53 135 to 147

Pursura 1 to 50 50

Z.6.5.2 1 to 214 214 1271 2287.10 2254.30 32.80 rlugli 11 Towns Damodar Pandua I to 107,109 to 157 LC 108 Urbanised. Plain 158

Po1ba·Dadpur 76 to 82.94 to 105.111 194 118.120 to 194 of P.S. 1· 75,83·93,1 06·1! 0, 112·117,119 of P.S. Dadpur 217 C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3,5 to 9,[5,18 to 86 LC 4 Urb!U1ised. 34,39 to 43.45 to LC 10 to 14.16,1'1 95.98,99.120.126 to 35 to 38, 44,96,97 128 100 to m,121 to 125 are ill Region No. 2.6j.3

Chinsurah- 1 to 21,43 22 LC 22 to 42 are in R.egion No. 2.6.5.3

Tarakeswar 11090 90 I.L.No.22 Partly Urllanised.

Haripal 1 to 154 154

Singur 1 to 4852.54 to 98 LC 49 to 51,53,79 78,SO to 103 of of P.S. are Urbanised. Singur P.S. 2 to 8,13 to 19 14 LC 1,9 to II of of Bhadreswar PS. BhWreswar P.S. are Urbanised and LC 12,20 are in Region No. 2.6.5.3

Jangipara 1 to 129 129

Chanditala - I 1 to 50,59 to 64 56

Chanditala - n 51 10 58,65 to 70, 40 LC 71 t(l 73,86,98,102 are Urbanised. 74 10 82,84,85,87 to 91,99,\00 in P.S of Cha.'ldit1la 83.92 to 97,101 in P.S. of Dankuni

Serampur- 2,3.7,11.20,21,27 LC 1,4 10 6.E to 10. of Serampur P.S. 12 to 15,19 are Urbanised.

1.2.3.10,22 to 26 10 LC 16 I" 18 are in Region of Dankuni P.S .. No.26.5.3 12 of Uttarpan P.S. LC 4 to 9.11 are Urbanised.

2.6.5.3 BaJagarh 1,2,10 to 14, 16 48 84 H~gli 17.35 to 38,44 24 Towns 225.10 105.43 119.61 LC 115,132 10 135 Flats 96,97,100,102 to not exisling as per 114,1l610 119,121 DCH. to 125.129 10 131, LC 3 to 9,15,18 to 13610141 34,39 tc 43.45 10 95.98.99.120.126 10 128 are in Region No. 2.6.5.2 LC 101 Urbanised.

Chinsurah- I to 5,13 to 17. 11 LC 6 to 12,18 to 23 Mogra 23 (Part) of P.S. (Part) are Urbanised. Chinsurah

22 to 24,40 to 42 20 LC 43 I)f Magra is in region No. 2.6.5.2 29 to 34,44 to 48 LC 25,26.35 to 39,49,52 are Urbanised. 50,51,53 of Mogra P.S. LC 27,28, are not existing as per DCH.

Singur 12,W of 2 LC 13 to 19 are in Region No. 2.6.5.2 Bhadreswar P.S. LC 21 IS Urbanised.

Serampur- 16 to 18 of 3 LC 19 is Urbanised. Uttarpan Serampur P.S.

218 TABLE 3 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - TOTAL District : HUGLI Census Location Code No. 12 State : WEST BENGAL

Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers ~gi()n No. d Name Main Workers Margipal Workers Non-Workers Persons. I Males J Females Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females 1 2 I 3 , 4 5 , 6 I 7 8 , 9 I 10 26.5.1 283952 266914 17038 8382 1495 6887 697392 240382 457010 Dwarakeswar Plain

2.6.5.2 671820 569298 102522 14062 3510 10552 1373859 486882 886977 Hugli Damodar Plain

2.6.5.3 375372 345721 29651 2533 1442 1091 927858 356148 571710 HugH Flat

TABLE 4 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - RURAL District: HUGLI Census Location Code No. 12 State : WEST BENGAL

egion No. Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and NOD - Workers l~d ~ame Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females 1 Z I 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 I 9 I 10 :!.6.5.1 270435 254977 15458 8304 1459 6845 665776 228791 436985 Dwarakeswar Plain

2.6.5.2 628703 529838 98865 13274 3352 9922 1267731 447893 819838 ;'Iugli Damodar Plain

'!'6.5.3 41329 37173 4156 739 296 443 100688 36837 63851 l:lugli Flat

TABLE 5 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - URBAN [)istrict : HUGLI Census Location Code No. 12 State : WEST BENGAL

~egion No. Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers rod Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females PerSOl1lS 1 Males I Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 J 6 I 7 8 I 4) I 10 2.6.5.1 13517 11937 1580 78 36 42 31616 11591 20025 Dwarakeswar Plain

2.6.5.2 43117 39460 3657 788 158 630 106128 38989 67139 Hugli Damodar Plain

2.6.5.3 334043 308548 25495 1794 1146 648 827170 319311 507859 Hugli Flat

219 nBLE 6 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS District : HUGLI Census Location Code No. 12 State : WEST BENGAL

T Literates T Scheduled castes T Scheduled tribes legion No. R R R nd Name U U U Persons I Males IFemales J~ersons I Males IFemales Penlons I Males 1Females 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 S 9 10 11 12 13 U.S.l T 511500 314519 196981 T 301502 154059 147443 T 17271 8813 8458 Dwarakeswar R 487266 299893 187373 R 288475 147414 141061 R 15,}17 8136 7781 Plain U 24234 14626 9608 U 13027 6645 6382 U 1354 677 677

2.6.5.2 T 1089398 647491 441907 T 553422 282095 271327 T 148,174 74897 73577 Hugli Damodar R 992036 592546 399490 R 534812 272456 262356 R 146,m 73793 72633 Plain U 97362 54945 42417 U 18610 9639 8971 U 2048 1104 944

~.6.5.3 T 876340 509716 366624 T 195356 103634 91722 T 10656 5466 5190 HugH Flat R 83368 48692 34676 R 50136 25859 24271 R 41)30 2485 2445 U 792972 461024 331948 U 145220 77775 67445 U 5726 2981 2745

220 STATEMENT ON REGIONWISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAll..S District; HUGU Census Location Code No. 12 State; West Bengal S1. No.and name of Administrative No. the Regional Divisions Geology Soils Physio-Cultural Qt.aracteristics Divisions (c. D. Blocks) 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Division No. 1. Goghat-I Alluvium Aqualfs- The region lies on the western 2.6.5.1 2. Goghat-U Ochrepts- portion of the district by extending Dwarakeswar 3. Fluvents. upto the river Damodar in the east. Plain 4. - I Fluvents- The western portion of the 5. Khanakul - n Aquepts- Dwarekeswar is upland and rocky. 6. Pursura Aqualfs. being in fact a continuation of the Bankura terrain. The eastern portion lying in between the Dwarakeswar and the Damodar is a plain area which is called the Dwarakeswar - Damodar inter riverine plain. Physically, the general slope is towards the south-east. Many small streams are flowing into the Dwarakeswar. In the low lying areas of this region some marshes are found. The Damodar and the Dwarakeswar have their natural embankments which are stretching on the banks. During the rains, the area is liable to floods as the river beds rise due to the deposits of silt and sand carried by the river water.

The soils found in the region are alluvial. The type of older alluvium with hard rocks of laterite debris is found stretching in the western part of the region. The soil generally contains sandy clay loam, loamy sand and silty loam types. In the low land area, paddy as a princjpal crop is grown while the aus paddy is well cultivated in the western highlands of the region. Besides it, potato, khesari and pulses are also grown in the region.

In the region, there are 989, 726 persons in an area of 1061.10 Km2. Of the total population, it has 944,515' persons (95.43 per cent) in the rural area and the 45211 persons (4.57 per cent) in the urban areas respectively. There are 27.32 per cent of main workers, 0.83 per cent of marginal workers and 67.27 per 221 1 2 3 4 5 6 cent of non-workers in the rural areas and 1.37 per cent of main workers, 0.02 per cent of marginal workers and 3.19 per cent of non­ workers in the urban areas. The region has recorded 51.68 per cent of literates in the district. whereas the Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes have shown 30.46 cent and 1.75 per cent respectively. The region comprises 567 villages and 1 urban centre falling in 6 C. D. Blocks which presents the rural density of 906 persons per Km2 and urban density of 2375 persons per Km2. The State highway (Nos. 2 and 7) and other roads connect the urban centre with other areas of the region.

2. Diyision No. 1. Dhaniakhali Alluvium Aqualfs­ The region extends over the area 2.6.5.2 2. Pandua Fluvents­ between the Damodar in the west Hugli 3. Polba-Dadpur Aquents, and the Saraswati river in the east. -Damodar 4. Balagarh Fluvents­ The region is a flat alluvial plain Plain S. Chinsurah Aquepts­ area sloping from north-west to Magra Aqualfs, south-east. The Kana nadi, the 6. Aquepts­ Kana Damodar and the Saraswati 7. Aquents, have the natural embankments at 8. Singur Aquepts­ various points. In the region the 9. Ochcepts, high river bank strips of land are 10. Chanditala-I Ochrepts­ mostly covered by the villages. 11. Chanditala-II FIuvents. There are many depressions in 12. Serampur- between these strips which turn into Uttarpara extensive paddy fields while in the lower depr€::ssions some vast marshes are also formed. These depres sions receive water from the surrounding land during rainy season and th1ey flow through small channels. The marshy tracts such as Dankuni marsh, between the HugH and the Saraswati, Kausiki marsh, between the Kausiki and the present and old Damodar, the Behula, the Kanti and the Magra Khals are very important and flowing southward. The swamps and streams become raised their beds due to the deposits of silt and sand.

The region has the soils 222 1 2 3 4 5 6 containing sand. sandy loam and silted sandy loam. The soils are loose and non-retentive of moisture and they are very fertile and more suitable for cultivation of rice. Besides it, watermelon, banana and lichis also can be grown with higher production in the region.

The region comprises 1271 villages and 11 urban centres. There are 2, 059, 741 persons of which 92.72 per cent (1, 909, 708)reside in the rural areas and 7.28 per cent (150, 033) in the urban areas. In the region, 30.52 per cent of main workers, 0.64 per cent of marginal workers and 61.55 per cent of non-workers and 2.09 per cent of main workers, 0.04 per cent of marginal workc~rs and 5.15 per cent of non-workers are shown both in rural and urban areas respectively. In this plain area, the Schduled castes and Scheduled trib<~s have presented 26.87 per cent and 7.21 per cent. Regarding the litaracy rate, 52.89 per cent of literates is recorded in this region. The 2 region has 2287.10 Km in area and its 2 density is 847 persons per Km in the 2 rural areas and 4574 persons per KIn in the urban areas. The Pandua (M), Tarakeswar (M), Mirdhanga (NM), Singur (NM), Begampur (NM), Kharasaria (N1V1), Purbbatajpur (NM), (NM), (NM), Nabagram Colony (NM) and Mrigla (NM) are the~ urban centres of the region. Thesl~ are connected by the railway line, the National highway (No.2) and State highway (No.2) and other roads with other areas of the region.

3. Division No. 1. Balagarh Alluvium Aquepts­ The region is a narrow strip of 2.6.5.3 2. Chinsurah Fluvents­ alluvial flat land. It is lying along HugJi Flats Magra Aquents, the entire stretch of the Hugh. The 3. Singur Aquepts­ region has influenced by the course 4. Serampur Ochrepts, of the HugH river and its landform is Uttarpara Ochrepts­ characterised by the presence of Fluvents. many narrow silted valleys. There are many oxbow lAkes and river 223 2 3 4 5 6 islands formed by the meandering course of the HugH river. In the north-eastern part, the region presents sand bars, marshy or silted low lands. The Hugli river flows for about 80 Kms. along the district boundary from north to south. It is navigable by large boats regularly throughout the year. However, in the northern parts it is not possible for navigation due to drastic fall in water level during the dry season.

The region has alluvial soils containing sands, silts and clay brought by the rivers. In the river banks and sand islands, different types of crops viz. paddy, potato, tobacco, mustard, cabbage are grown very easily. In the silted low lying areas the autumn rice (Aus). watermelon and jute are also grown. There is no big forest except some thick groves on the bank of the rivers.

The region has 1,305,763 persons inhabiting in 84 villages and 24 urban centres falling in 4 C. D. Blocks. Of the total population. 142, 756 persons (10.93 per cent) and 1, 163, 007 persons (89.07 per cent) are recorded in rural and urban areas respectively. As regards the density of population, the re~on accounts 1354 persons per Km in the rural areas and 9718 persons per Km2 in the urban areas. Comparatively, higher proportions of main workers (25.58 per cent), marginal workers (0.13 per cent) and non-workers (63.35 per cent) are observed in the urban areas whereas the (ower proportions of main workers (3.17 per cent), marginal workers (0.06 per cent) and non-workers (7.71 Per cent) are found in the rural areas. In the district, this region has recorded the highest per centage of literates (67.11 per cent) and also presented 14.96 per cent of Scheduled castes 224 2 3 4 5 6 and 0.82 per cent of Scheduled tribes. Among the 24 urban centres, (M), Hugli Chinsurah (M), Bhadreswar (M), Charnpdani (M), Bidyabati (M), Serarnpur (M), (M) and Konnagar (M) are the most important towns. A1l these urban centres are we11 connected by the railways, National highway (No.2), State highway (Nos. 2 and 6) and other inter district roads. Not only this, the region is well served by inland water navigation in the Hugli river. There is a high density of population in the urban areas because of localization of industries and. commercial activities of this region.

225 DISTRICT BARDDHAMAN REGIONAL DIVISIONS

The district of Barddhaman extends between 22°56'0" and 23°53'0" North latitudes and between 86°48'0" and 88°25'0" East longitudes. It is bounded on the north by the Santhal Parganas of Bihar State, districts of Birbhum and Murshidabad. on the east and south-east by the district of Nadia and portion of HugH, on the west and north-west by the district of Puruliya and Bihar (the Santhal Pargana and Dhanbad) and on the south by the districts of Bankura and HugH. The district has 33 C. D. Blocks comprising 2588 villages and 61 urban Centres. It has a total area of 7016.70 2 Km inhabited by 6,050,605 persons. Of the total population 64.91 per cent (3,927, 613)are found in the rural areas and 35.09 per cent (2, 122, 992) in the urban areas. The district has the rural density of618 persons per Km2 and the urban density 3, 213 persons per Km2. The district shows, thl~ proportion of Scheduled castes as 27.44 per cent and Scheduled tribes as 6.21 per cent. R(!garding the working population, it has 29.72 per cent of main workers, 0.94 per cent of marginal workers and 69.34 per cent of non-workers. The literacy rate is 51.84 per cent of the total population of the district.

The Barddhaman district is a part of Proper Delta (2.6.5) of Lower Ganga Plain. From the geographical point of view, the district has two main diversions. The eastern portion is a wide alluvial plain enclosed by the rivers of Ajay, Bhagirathi and Damodar on the north, east and south. The river Bhagirathi has left some portions (dead channel) along the western banks and the area is waterlogged and swampy. In the district, the villages are located on the higher portions surrounded b)' the low trees and mango groves. The land is extensively cultivated at places in the district. Whereas, the western portion of the district is a strip of rocky, undulating land, lying in between the Ajay and Damodar rivers. The rocky land is a!ll extended part from the hill ranges of Chotanagpur plateau. This portion is not suitable for cultivation. The area has many coal and iron fields. The general slope is from west and north-west to east and south-east. The geological structures are rel::ent, Pleistocene, Triassic-Jurassic, Permian and Archaean. The soils found in the" district are Aqualfs-Fluvents-Aquents, Aqualfs-Ochrepts-Fluvents, U stalfs-Ochrepts-Aquepts, Ustalfs-Ochrepts­ Olthents, Fluvents-Aquepts-Aqualfs and Ochrepts-Fluvents.

In view of the topographical features, the district has been divided into the following sub­ micro regions.

2.,16.S.1-Ajay-Damodar-Barakar Tract.

The region covers the western portion of the district. It is characterised by the narrow strip of rocky and undulating land with laterite soils between the Ajay on the north and the Darnodar on the south, while the Barakar as a river boundary line on the west. It is believed that the region is the extended portion of the hill ranges of the central India and Chotanagpur plateau. In the region, the highland range which rises at places to over 60 metres and runs to the sOllth of the . The general slope is form north-west to south-east. Most of the streams of the region fall into the D.amodar which flows towards the south~east direction. The geology of the region ranges from Carboniferous to Archaean while the recent alluvium is found along the river valleys. The laterite seils mostly occur in the region. The land surfa,~ is generally covered with red loamy clay and sand. There is no big forest except Sal and other small scattered trees growing in the region.

The region has 2, 167,531 persons inhabiting in 298 villages and 53 urban centres of 8 C. D. Blocks. Of the total population 477, 472 persons (22.03 per cent) are in the rural areas and 1, 690, 059 persons (77.97 per cent) in the urban areas. It has an area of 1275.50 Km2 and its dt:nsity of population for rural is 685 persons per .Km2 and for urban 2, 924 persons per Km2. The proportions of main workers, marginal workers and non-workers are 26.13 p«~r cent, 0.61 per cent and 73.26 per cent. Whereas, the percentage of Scheduled castes (21.73 per cent) is higher than Seheduled tribes (5.32 per cent). The region constitutes 56.62 per cent of literates of the total population. 226 r------~ mo z (J) c (J) o "T1 Z o j;:

i I i i i i i i

..M :•

l!: ):> 1] W ~------._------~~

2.1S.5.2-Kaksa-Ketugram Plain.

The region occupies the northern portion of the district.. This part is also a narrow strip of land lying entirely along the river Ajay, whicb makes river boundary with district Birbhuxp.. The general slope is from west to east as evident by the flow of the river Ajay. The region is a plain arl:!a and influenced by the flow of the Ajay. The river beds are sandy and the banks become very I low. The Kunur is a tributary of Ajay. The soil:;; found in the region are alluvial of recent formation, consisting of loamy sand and hydromorphic silts. The shallow black, broviO and alluvial soils occur in the central and western parts, whereas the red loamy and red sandy, brown alluvial soils are found in the northern part of the region.

In the region there are 453 villages and I (one) urban centre in 8 C. D. Blocks. It has pc'pulation of 678, 590 of which 96.02 per cent (651, 595) are in the rural areas and 3.98 per cent (26, 995) in the urban areas. The region has an area of 1395.60 Km2 and it has densities of 474 persons per Km2 and 1276 persons per Km2 in the rural and urban areas respectively. Of the working population, it has 31.96 per cent of main workers, 1.94 per cent of marginal workers and 66.10 per cent of non-workers. The rate of literacy is 44.67 per cent. Comparatively, the proportion of Scheduled castes (34.04 per cent) is more than Scheduled tribes (7.20 per cent) in this plain area.

2.15.5.3-Barddhaman Plain.

The region covers the central plain area of the district. This area is surrounded by the Bhagirathi on the east, the Ajay on the north-west and the Damodar on the west and south. Old river channels and small creeks which found in the region are almost dry during the dry season. The re.gion is generally sloping towards south-east. The Banka and the Khari are flowing eastward and finally they fall into the Bhagirathi river.

These rivers cause heavy floods during the rainy season. The region has recent alluvial soils. The soils are shallow black, brown and hydrornorphic and coastal in character. There is no forest and low lying areas are largely cultivated. In the region there are 17 C. D. Blocks consisting of 1191 village and 4 urban centres. It has a total population of 2, 111, 061 of which 86.60 per cent (1, 828, 242) are in the rural areas and 13.40 per cent (282, &19) in the urban areas. The region has an area of 2838.80 Km2 and its rural and urban densities are 652 persons per Km2 and 7, 798 persons per Km2 respectively. In terms of percentage, the Scheduled castes account for 28.04 per cent and Scheduled tribes 8.50 per cent. There are 32.30 per cent of main workers 0.85 per cent of marginal workers and 66.85 per cent of non-workers. As regards the literacy rate, this region has shown 49.86 per cent of literates.

2. 5.5.4-Bhagirathi Basin. ' The region is extending entirely along the basin of the Bhagirathi. The whole eastern boundary of the region is formed by the Bhagirathi river. The region is much characterised by the ccurse of the Bhagirathi and its triburtaries. The Khari, the Ajay and other streams fall into the Bhagirathi which flaws from north to south. Many swamps and other water logged areas are presented in the region, due to the oscillation of the river and overflow of the lributaries. The soils aTl;) shallow black, hydromorphic coastal and a.lluvial. The soils consist of silt deposits and more fe,:ti.le.

The region comprises 229 villages and 3 urban centres in 7 C. D. Blocks. There are 551,821 persons residing in an area of 476.10 Km2. Of the total population 428, 702(77.69 per cent) are in th! rural areas and 123, 119 (22.31 per cent) in the urban areas. The rural and urban densities are 951 persons per Km2 and 4, 855 persons per Km2 respectively. There are 30.10 per cent of main w1)rkers, 1.57 per cent marginal workers and 68.33 per cent of non-workers. The proportion of Sc:heduled castes (29.64 per cent) is higher than Scheduled tribes (2.09 per cent). The literacy rate is 49.63 per cent of the total population of the region. 229 2.. 6.5.5-Khandaghosh Plain.

The region lies on the south-western portion of the district. It is an alluvial plain area bounded by the Damodar on the north-east, on the west by the and on the south by the Hugli district. The general slope is from west to south-east as is evident by the flow of river Darnodar. The bed of Darnodar is higher than the surrounding areas and the right bank is protected by embankments against the floods in portions to the south of the Darnodar. The region has alluvial soils of recent formation. The shallow black, brown soils consisting of sandy loam and silt deposits in the south-eastern parts.

The region is entirely rural in character. There are 417 villages with a population of 541,602 " ftlliing in 7 C. D. Blocks. It has an area of 1030.70 Km2 with a density of 525 persons per Km2 As regards the working population, this region has presented 30.85 per cent of main workers, 0.70 pl!r cent of marginal workers and 68.45 per cent of non-workers. Both the Scheduled castes and S(:heduled tribes have recorded 37.49 per cl~nt and 3.87 per cent respectively. This region is characterised- by 51.69 per cent of literates.

TABLE 1 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS District ; BARDDHAMAN Census LO('ation Cooe No. 16 State : WEST BENGAL r- No. of No. of T Area in T Population ':Region No. Villages in Towns In R Kml. R and Name each each U U region region Persons Males Females 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9

2.6.5.1 298 63 T 127S.50 T 2167531 1184476 983055 Ajay-Damodar- R 69"1.49 R 477472 255253 222219 Barakar Tract U 578.01 U 1690059 929223 760836

2.6.5_2 453 T 139~i.60 T 678590 349640 328950 Kaksa-Ketugram R 1374.45 R 651595 335571 316024 Plain U 2U5 U 26995 14069 12926

2.6.5.3 1191 4 T 283ft.80 T 2111061 1088686 1022375 Barddhaman R 2802.53 R 1828242 940143 888099 Plain U 36.27 U 282819 14~S43 134276

2.6.5.4 229 3 T 47tdO T 551821 284208 267613 Bhagirathi R 450.74 R 428702 221052 207650 Basin U 25.36 U 123119 63156 59963

2.6.5.5 417 T 1030.70 T 541602 279823 261779 Khandaghosh R 1030.70 R 541602 27':J823 261779 Plain U 0.00 U 0 0 0

~The summation of the area figures of the Police Statiom. under each district will not tally with the concerned district area figures bec~use the former represent those sllPplied by the State Director of Land Records and Survey while the later represents those supplled by the Surveyor General, India. 230 TABLE 2 REGIONWISE VlLLAGE CODES, 1991 Di!itrict : BARDDHAMAN Census Location Code No. 16 Slate: WEST BENGAL

Location Total No. of Area of RegioDRI [livision Code No. of Villag(:8 Division in Kmz Number C.D. Block Census Remarks Villages orC.D. In aod Name Urban as per 1991 Block Division Total Rural 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2.65.1 Salanpur 1 to 36. 40,42 to 75 298 1275.50 697.49 578.01 LC 37 '.0 39, 41 are ),jay-Damodar- 77, 78 of P.S. 53 Towns Urbanised. Earakar Tract Chittaranjan

Asansol 1 to 4, 12 to 18 24 LC 5 «, 9, II ,12 to (Parts), 21 to 26, 18 (pars) 19,20,27 29, 31 to 34 of P.S 28,30,3:; to 39 are Asansol North, 10, Urbanis:d. 40 of P.S. Asansol South.

Barabani 1 to 2&, 36 10 43, 50 LC 44 Urbanised. 45 to 51 of P.S. Barabani, 29 10 35 of P.S Asansol North

lamuria-I 1 to 14, 16 10 18, 30 LC 19 1.0 24, 28, 30, 31, 25 to 27, 29,32,34, to 33,73,74, are Urbanised. 38,39,51,52

Jamuna-ll 15,40 10 50, 53 10 32 64, 69 to 72 of P.S. Jamuria and 65 to 68 of P.S. Pandabeswar

Raniganj 1,4,6.7,9 to 12, 18 17 LC 2,3,5,8, 13 to 11, to 23, 29 to 31 24 to 211 are Urbanised.

OndaJ 1 to 3, 6 to 13, 33 LC 4,5,14,17 to 19, 15,16,20 to 23, 25, 24,28 to 34,36 to 27 of P.S. 38, 41, 43, 47, 50, 51 Pandabeswar, 26, 35, Urbanised. 39,40,42,44 10 46, LC 54 is not existing 48,49,52,53,56, of P.S. as per DCR. Ondal, 55 of P.S. Durgapur

Paridpur- 2,3.14,16 to 23, 30 to 37 LC 4 to 13, 24 to 29, Durgapur 34,36 to 42, 48, 50 to 94 are in Region No. 55 of P.S. Paridpur, 2.6.5.2 43,49 of P.S. Durgapur, LC 44 to 47, 56 to 93 79,80,83,95,96 of ?S. are not I:xisting as New Township Per DCB. LC 1,15,35 are Urbanised.

26.5.2 Faridpur- 4 to 13, 24 to 29, 17 453 1395.60 1374.45 21.15 LC 14 to 23, 30 to 42, Kaksa- Durgapur 94 of P.S. Paridpur 1 Town 43, 48, 50 to 55 are in Ketugram Region No. 2.6.5.1 Pain Kaksa 1 to 15, 17 to 55, 89 LC 16, 56, 57 are not 58,61 to 94 existing as per DCH. LC 60 transferred to P.S. CoI:e oven and UrbaniSl:d. LC 59 Urbanised.

Ausgram - J 37 to 40, 55 to 59, 50 LC 22 to 27, 30, 33 to 103 to 105, 109 to 35,66 to 84, 158 are 123,137 to 144, not exisJing as per OCH. 148 to 154, 161 to 167,169

Ausgram - II 1 to 21,28,29,31, 93 LC 145 to 147, 154 32, 36, 41 to 54, {Part} m to 160, 60 to 65. 85, 86, 89, 162 (Part) are 97,98,100 to 102, Urbanised. 106 to 108, 124 to LC 87, l8, 90 to 96, 231 C 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 J

136 of P.S. AUigrarn 99, 168 of Ausgram and 24 10 27, 30, P.S. are in Region 3310 35,66 to 71 No 2.6.5.3. 73 10 79, 82, 83 of LC 1 10 23, 28, 29, 31 P.S. Bud Bud 32, 36 to 6S, 72 of P.S. B\ld Bud are not existing as per DCH. LC SO, 81. 84 are in Region 2.6.5,3

Bhatar I to 12,30, 32 to 19 LC 13 to 29, 31 are in 37 Region N,). 2.6.5.3 LC 65 to 70, 72 to 78, Mangalkote 1 10 64, 71,79 to 88 93 are in Region No. 2.6.5.3 92,9410 102

Ketugyam-[ I to 24, 28 to 67, 66 70,71 \ Ket~-n 25 to 27, 68 to 31 LC 93, 95 are in Region 69. 72 to 92, 94 No. 2.6.5.4 96 to 99

2.6.5.3 Ausgram-I 168,170 to 179 14 1191 2838.80 2802.53 36.27 LC 82, 8:1 are in Region Ba'ddhaman of P.S. Ausgrarn, 4 Towns No. 2.6.2.2. Plain 80.81,84 of P'S. LC 89, 97, 98, 100 to 157, Bud Bud 159 to 1m, 169 are in Region !\-o. 2.6.51 Ausgram-II 87.88,90 to 96, 10 LC 158 h not existing 99 of P.S. Ausgram. as per DCH.

GJIsi-I 8 to 11,36 to 38, 44 LC 1 to 7, 12 to 24, 27, 43 of p.s. Bud Bud 28, 31 to 34 are in Region No. 2.6.5.5 39 to 42, 44 to 55. 57,58,72,73,77 ,79 LC 25,2(,,29,30 are not to 90, 92,93,102 existing as per DCH. LC 35 is Urbanised.

GaJsi-U 74.75,78.91,94 to 58 LC 56, 59 to 11, 76, 112 101, 103 to lll, to 117, 120 to 122 are 118, 119, 123 to 157 in Region No. 2.6.5.5

Jamalpur 9 to 31,40 to 64, 99 LC 32 to 39, 65 to 67, 68,74 to 123 69 to 73 are in Region No, 2.6.5.5

Memari-n I 10 40, 59 to 106 104 117, 119 to 125, 178 to 184, 196

Memari-I 41 to 58, 107 to 116 115 LC 151 to 153 not existing 118, 126 to 150, 154 as per nCR. to 177, 185 to 195, 197 to 222

Bardwan 1 to 21, 27, 28 137 LC 22 to 26, 32, 79 to 41 to 74, 75 (Part) 81,83 te, 85, 158 to 76 to 78.82.86 to 161 are in Region No. 2.6.5.5. 157,162 to 164 LC 29 10 31, 33 to 40 are not eKisting as per OCH. and LC 75 is U:banised Partly.

Bhatar 13 to 29,31,38 to 88 LC 30, 32 to 37 are in 107 Region No. 2.6.5.2

Mangalkole 65 10 70, 72 to 78, 44 LC 71. 79 to 92,94 to 102, 93, 103 to 132 are in Region No. 2.6.5.2

Katwa-I 1 to 10, 12. 29 to 45 LC 11. 13 to 18, 20 (Part) 48. 50 to 60, 75 23(Part) 24 to 28. 78 to 81, 140, 80, 82 to 89, 92 to 100, 103 to llS are in Region No. 2.6.5.4.

Kalwa-II 49. 61 to 74,76 43 LC 19, 20(Part) 21, 22, 23 77, 101, 102, 116 (part) 90, 91 are Urbanised. to 139

Monteswar 1 to 144 144 232 C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PwbaslhalH 107 to 111,117 48 LC 46,5'~ 10 103,112 to to 128,145 to 116,129 to 144, 175 are 174,176 in Region No. 26.5.4

Purbasthali·1I 45,471058, 16 104 to 106

Kalna .) 1 to 38, 50 to 67, 79 LC 39 t,) 49, 87. 88 11 to 73, 76 to 86, 91 to 9~, 162, 163 89, 90, 97 to 102, 165 to 176, are in 161 Region !'lo, 2.6.5.4

Kalna ·11 68 to 10, 74,75.96, 103 LC 164 is Urbanised. 103 to 160, 177 to 215

2,6.5.4 Ketugrnm-JI 93,95,100 to 122 25 229 476.10 450.14 25.36 LC 94,96 to 99 Bhagirathi 3 Towns are in Region No. Basin 2.6.5.2

Katwa-J 11,13 to 18,20 (Part), 21 LC 12,29 to 77,81, 23 (Part), 24 to 28, 101, to:!, 116 to 80,82,83,85.86,88,89 140 are in Region No. 2.6.5.3

Katwa·n 7&,79,84,87,92 10 26 LC 19, 20 (Pan), 21, 100, 103 to llS 22, 23 (Part), 90, 91 are Urbanised.

Purbasthali -I 86 to 94, 97 to 103 52 LC 45,47 to 58,104 liZ to 116, 129 to to JlI, 117 to 128 144,175.177 to 190 145 to :,74, 176 are in Regiun No, 2,6.5.3

Purbasthali - II 1 to 44, 46, 59 to 74 85,95,96

Kalna -I 39 to 49,88,91 to 21 LC 87,164 are 95,162,163,165, Urbani~::d. 166 LC 50 1.0 86,89,90. 96 to 161 are in Region No, 2.6.5.3 Kalna· II 167 to 176 10

2.6.5.5 Galsi-I 1 to 7,12 to 24 43 417 1030.70 1030.70 0.00 LC 8 IC' 11, 36 to ~:nandaghosh 27.28.31 to 34 of 38, 43 I)f P.S. Bud Bud Plain P.S. Bud Bud and 39 to 42,44 25,26,29,30.56, to 55, 51,58,72 to 5910 68,71,76 of 75,77 to 111,118, P.S. Galsi 119,123 to 157 are in Regbn No. 2.6,5.3 LC 35 IS UrbaniSed. Galsi-fi 69,70,112 10 117,120 15 to 122, 158 to 161

Kltandaghosn 1 to III III

Raina·J 1 to 62,67 10 107, ll3 LC 147 is not existlog as per DCH. 109,110,118 to 124 of PS. Raina, 117 of P.S. MadhalxIihi

Raina·n 6:3 to 66,108,1 I I to 94 116.125 to 146. 148 to 2()S of P.S. Madhabdihi

Jamalp1l1 1108,321039 24 LC 9 W 31,40 to 64 65 to 67,69 to 73 68 are in Region No. 2,6.5.3

Burdwan 22 to 26,32,79 to 17 LC 27,28,41 to 74, 81,83 to 85,158 10 76 (0 78 82, 86 to 161,165 157,162 10 164 are in Region No. 2.6.5.3 LC 29 to 31, 33 to 40 are not existing as per OCR and LC 75 is Urbanired.

233 TABLE 3 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - TOTAL District : BARDDHAMAN Census Location Code No. 16 State : WEST BENGAL

Rtogion No. Total Main Woders, Marginal Workers and NOD - Workers and Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons 1 Males 1 Females Persons 1 Males 1 Females Persons 1 Males 1 Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 S I 6 I 7 8 I 9 I 10

2,6.5.1 566274 525078 41196 13208 6262 6946 1588049 653136 934913 Ajay- Damodar- Barakar Tract

26.5.2 216904 183243 33661 13139 3256 9883 448547 163141 285406 I< aksa-Ketugrarn Plain

2.6.5.3 681794 574839 106955 17898 4564 13334 1411369 509283 902086 E.arddharnan Plain

2.6.5.4 166081 147643 18438 8681 1783 6898 377059 134782 242277 E,hagirathi Basin

2.6.5.5 167077 149139 17938 3790 904 2886 370735 129780 240955 Khandaghosh Plain

n.BLE 4 DATA ON REGIOlIiAL DIVISIONS - RURAL District : BARDDHAMAN Census Location Code No. 16 State : WEST BENGAL

Jtegion No. Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers flDd Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons J Males j Females Persons 1 Males .1 Females Persolls I Males I Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I (; I 7 8 I 9 I 10

2.6.5.1 127360 112976 14384 5730 2159 3571 344382 140118 204264 Ajay-Darnodar- Barakar Tract

2.6.5.2 208458 176082 32376 12948 3224 9724 43018~ 156265 273924 Kaksa-Ketugrarn Plain

2.6.5.3 600123 502563 97560 16759 4379 12380 1211360 433201 778159 Barddharnan Plain

2.6.5.4 132330 117195 15135 8398 1670 6728 287974 102187 185787 Bhagirathi Basin

2.6.5.5 167077 149139 17938 3790 904 2886 370735 129780 240955 Kbandaghosh Plain 234 TABLE 5 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS· URBAN District : BARDDHAMAN Census Location Code ~o. 16 State : WEST BENGAL

Rtgion No. Tota] Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers and Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons J Males I Females P~rsons J Males I Females Persons 1 Males J Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 1 6 I 7 8 1 9 L 10

2,6.5,1 438914 412102 26812 7478 4103 3375 1243667 513018 730649 Ajay-Damodar- Barakar Tract

2.6.5.2 8446 7161 1285 191 32 159 18358 6876 11482 Kaksa-Ketugrarn Plain

2,6.5.3 81671 72276 9395 1139 185 954 200009 76082 123927 Earddhaman Plain

2,6.5.4 33751 30448 3303 283 113 170 89085 32595 56490 E.hagirathi Basin

2.6.5.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Khandaghosh Plain

TABLE 6 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS DiJltrict : BARDDHAMAN Census Loc:ttion Code No. 16 State : WEST BENGAL

T Literates T Scheduled castes T Scheduled tribes legion No. R R R nd Name U U U Persons 1Males IFemales l>ersonsJ Males 1Females per:ionsl Males 1Females 1 Z 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

2.6.5,\ T 1227324 766234 461090 T 470978 252446 218532 T 115302 59457 55845 Ajay.Dunodar. R 212466 141740 10726 R 148928 78641 70287 R 53192 26940 26252 BamarTract U 1014858 624494 390364 U 322050 173805 148245 U 62110 32517 29593

2.6..5.2 T 303160 185101 118059 T 230961 118588 112373 T 411842 24959 23883 Kaksa·Kelugram R 288369 176327 112042 R 221872 113979 107893 R 47378 24246 23132 Plain U 14791 8774 6017 U 9089 4609 4480 U 1464 713 751

2.6.5.3 T 1052577 627011 425566 T 591931 302474 289457 T 179408 90150 89258 Barddhaman R 867924 520915 347009 R 554811 283367 271444 R 173658 87189 86469 Plain U 184653 106096 78557 u 37120 19H17 18013 U 5750 2961 2789

2,6.5,4 T 273857 162636 111221 T 163582 84213 79369 T 11506 5797 5709 Bhaginlhi R 195815 118773 77042 R 132678 68458 64220 R 10936 5445 5491 Basin U 78042 43863 34179 U 30904 15755 15149 U 570 352 218

2.6.5.5 T 279843 169290 110553 T 203041 104166 98875 T 20075 10606 10369 Khandaghosh R 279843 169290 110553 R 203041 104166 98875 R 2(975 10606 10369 Plain U 0 0 0 U 0 0 0 U 0 0 0

235 STATEMENT ON REqIONWISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS District: BARDDHAMAN Census Location Code No. 16 State: West Bengal

Sl. No.and name of Administrative No. the Regional Divisions Geology Soils Physio-Cultural Characteristics Divisions (C. D. Blocks) 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Division No. 1. Salanpur Alluvium Aqualfs- The region covers the western 2.6.5.1 2. Asansol Older Ochrepts- portion of the district. It is a narrow Ajay- 3. Barabani alluvium, FIuvents, strip of land extending between the Damodar 4. Iamuria-l Laterite Ustalfs- Ajay in the north and the Damodar -Barakar 5. jamuria-II upper Ochrepts- in the south. On the west the Tract. 6. Raniganj Gondwana' Fluvents. flows as the river 7.0ndal system, boundary with the state of Bihar. 8. Faridpur- Lower The region is an extended portion of Durgapur Gondawana the hill ranges of the Central India system, and Chotanagpur. It has been Granite characterised by its rocky and gneiss with undulating land with laterite soil. In laptirites ' this area the Rajmal coalfield is and granulite situated. Many coal pits and iron including fields are also found in this region. pyroxene There is a range of highland which granulites. rises at places over 90 metres on the south of the Ajay river. Most of the streams fall into the Damodar. The laterite soils are found in the region. The surface is covered with red loamy clay and sand and in some other parts by alluvium. The rocks are exposed and large portions of the land are unsuitable for cultivation. But paddy is cultivated in terraces of the slopes. There are narrow strips of land along the Damodar which are formed of alluvial soils and well cultivated with a good harvest. Aus paddy is the principal crop of the region. Sugar cane, oilseeds and pulses are also grown in this area.

There are 216, 7531 persons residing in 298 villages and 53 urban centres. This region has recorded 22.03 per cent and 77 .97 per cent of the total population in rural and urban areas. The percentage of Scheduled castes (21.73 per cent) is higher than Scheduled tribes (5.32 per cent). In the rural areas, 5.88 per cent of main workers, 0.26 per cent of marginal workers and 15.89 per cent of non­ workers are found whereas in the 236 2 3 4 5 6 urban areas, 20.25 per cent of main workers, 0.34 per cent of marginal workers and 57.38 per cent of non­ workers are recorded. As regards the literacy, the region has shown 56.62 per cent of literates. It has an area of 1275.50 Km2 and its density of 2opulation is 685 persons per Km in the rural areas and 2, 924 persons per Km2 in the urban areas. The region has the highest number of urban centres in the district. Among the urban centres, the Asansol (M) is the prominent town. This region is one of the industrial tracts in the state of West Bengal with a netwOlk of good communication system. The railways, National highways and other roads pass through this region, which connect all the important industrial centres with other areas of the region. The region is thiekly populated in the mining industrial belt. Whereas in the rural ar~:as. the villages are situated on the river banks and thinly populated.

2. Division No. 1. Faridpur Alluvium Aqualfs­ The region occupies the northern 2.6.5.2 -Durgapur older Ochrepts­ plain areas of the district. It is also Kaksa 2. Kaksa alluvium, Fluvents, a narrow strip of land lying entirely -Ketugram 3. Ausgram-I Laterite, Ustalfs­ along the rivl~r Ajay which makes Plain 4. Ausgram-II Lower Ochrepts­ river boundary with Birbhum 5. Bhalar Gondwana Aquepts, district. The region is influenced by 6. Mangalkote system. Fluvents­ the flow of thl~ Ajay. In the western 7. Ketugram-I Aquepts­ portion of its course, the channel is 8. Ketugram-ll Aqualfs. comparatively straight and the banks. are well defined. The bed is sandy and the banks are low. The Kunur is a tributary of the Ajay and it rises in the undulating areas and running eastward. During the rains it causes floods in the surrounding areas and silts are deposited at the lower portion.

The region has alluvial soils of recent formation and which consist of loam sand and hydromorphic silts. Shallow black, brown and alluvial soils found in most of the central part of the region while red loamy, 237 1 2 3 4 5 6 red sandy and brown alluvial soils are found in the northern part of the region. Paddy. pulses, oilseed and other vegetables are grown in the region. Clumps of bamboo and groves of mango trees are also grown in the village areas.

The region has 453 villages and leone) urban centre. It has a total population of 678, 590 of which 651, 595 (96.02 per cent) are in the rural areas and 26, 995 (3.98 per cent) in the urban areas. Comparatively, higher perecenlages of main workers (30.72 per cent), marginal workers (1.91 per cent) and non-workers (63.39 per cent) are found in the rural areas whereas lower proportions of main workers (1.24 per cent), margidnal workers (0.03 per cent) and non-workers (2.71 per cent) are observed in the urban areas. Similarly, the percentage of Scheduled casles (34.04 per cent) is higher than Seheduled tribes (7.20 per cent). Of the total population, this region has presented 44.67 per cent of literatl~s. It has an area of 1395.60 Km2. Its densities of~opu­ lation are 474 persons fr Km and 1, 276 persons per Km in rural and urban areas. The Guskara (M) is the only main town in the region. The railway lines, State highways (No. 7 and 9) and other district roads connect all the important centres in the region.

3. Division No. 1. Ausgram-I Alluvium, Aqualfs­ The region covers the central 2.6.5.3 2. Ausgram-II older Fluvents­ plain area of the district. This is Barddhaman 3. Galsi-I alluvium, Aquents, surrounded by the Ajay on the north­ Plain 4. Galsi-II Laterite. Aqualfs­ west, by the Bhagirathi on the east 5. Jamalpur Ochrepts­ and the Damodar on the west and 6. Memari-II Fluvents, south. The region is also a low lying 7. Memari-I Fluvents­ and alluvial plain area. There are 8. Burdwan Aquepts many old river channels and small 9. Bhatar Aqualfs. creeks. The Banka and the Khari 10.Mangalkote Ochrepts­ were the offshoots of the Damodar. 11. Katwa-I Fluvents. The Khari rises from P. S. Bud Bud in 12.Katwa - II the west After flowing eastward 13.Manteswar through P. S. Galsi, Bhatar and 238 1 2 3 4 5 6 14.Purbasthali-r Monteswar in a winding course 15. PuIbasthaJi-ll forming river boundary with P. S. 16.Kalna-I Purbasthali and finally it falls into the l7.Kalna-II Bhagirathi. rlbe Brahmani is a tributary of the Khari which rises in the Paddy fields to the south of P. S. Mangalkote than flows eastward. It also causes floods during the rains in the region.

The region has recent alluvial soils. The soils are shallow, black brown and hydromorphic. In the north-eastern part of the region the recently formed hydromorphic and coastal deltaic alluvial soils are occur. The larger part of the cultivated land consists of low-lying tracts. The submersed land contains clay and remains dry during the summer season. Water from the swamps, rivers and old river channels is used under irrigation in the fields. Arnan Paddy is the principal crop grown in the region. The region is devoid of forest. Sugar cane, oilseeds, pulses and potatoes also are grown in the region.

The region has a total population of 2, 111,061 of which 1, 828, 242 (86.60 per cent) live in the rural areas and 282, 819 (13.40 per cent) in the urban areas. It has an area of 2838.80 Km2 and it shows a density of ~opulation as 652 persons per Km in the mral areas and 7, 798 persons per Km2 in the urban areas respectively. Comparatively, the higher proportions of main workers (28.43 per cent), marginal workers (0.79 per cent) and non-workers (57.38 per cent) are found in the rural areas whereas the lower per centeges of main workers (3.87 per cent), marginal Workers (0.06 per cent) and non-workers (9.47 per cent) are recorded in the urban areas, There are 28.04 per cent of Scheduled castes and 8.50 per cent of Scheduled tribes. As regards the literacy rate, this region has 239 2 3 4 5 6 presented 49.86 per cent of literates. There are four urban centres in the region namely the Sukdal (NM), the Memari (NM), Dhatrigram (NM) and Barddhaman (M). As regards the communication system the region has railway lines, National highway (No.2), State highway (Nos. 7 and 8) and other district roads which connect all the important centres of the region.

4. Division No. 1. Ketugram-II Alluvium Aqualfs­ This region presents a long nar­ 2.6.5.4 2. Katwa-I Fluvents­ row strip of land extending from P. Bhagirathi 3. Katwa-II Aquents, S. Ketugram in the north to P. S. Basin 4. Purbasthali-I Fluvents­ Kalna in the south. It covers the 5. Purbasthali-ll Aquepts­ entire basin of the Bhagirathi. The 6. Kalna-I Aqualfs, Bhagirathi fonTIs the whole eastern 7. Kalna-II Ochrepts­ boundary of the district. The Fluvents. landform of this region is characterised by the course of the Bhagirathi and its tributaries. The Bhagirathi from the district Murshidabad enters the Barddhaman district then it flows southward as far as Kalna where it is joined by the Ajay. After flowing a little distance, it receives the Khari and continues its southward. course. There are many long loops of dead channels along the western bank left by the Bhagirathi. The banks of the river are generally low and their beds are sandy. The cultivation of the region is carried only on along the edges of the rivers where the fields are protected by embankments.

The region has the alluvial soils of recent formation. In the northern part of the region, hydromorphic and coastal alluvial soils are found. The soils are formed by the deposition of silts in the beds and the banks of the rivers are very much suitable for the growth of Wheat, Pulses, Oilseeds and Vegetables.

The region comprises 229 villages and 3 urban centres. It has a total population of 551, 821 ~rsons living in an area of 476.10 Krn2. Of the total population, 428, 702 (77.69 240 1 2 3 4 5 6 per cent) are in the rural areas and 123, 119 (22.31 per cent) in the urban areas. In the region, there are 23.98 per cent of main workers, 1.52 per cent of marginal workers and 52.19 per cent of non-workers in the rural areas and 6.12 per cent of main workers, 0.05 per cent of marginal workers and 16.14 per cent of non-workers in the urban areas. The percentage of Scheduled castes (29.64 per cent) is higber than Scheduled tribes (2.09 per cent). The lite.racy rate is 49.63 per cent of the total population of the region. The density of population is 951 persons per Km2 in the rural areas and 4, 855 persons per Kro2 in the urban areas. The Kalna (M), the Katwa (M) and Dainhat (M) are the three urban centres of the region. They are well connected by railway lines, State highway (No.6) and other roads with other areas in the region. The villages are distributed along the banks of the rivers.

5. Division No. 1. Galsi-I Alluvium Aqualfs- The region covers the southern 2.6.5.5. 2. Galsi-ll older Ochrepts- portion of the district bordering Khandaghosh 3. Khandaghosh alluvium, Fluvents, with the districts of Bankura and Plain. 4. Raina-I Laterite. Fluvents- Hugli in the south-west. The region 5. Raina-II Aquepts- is an alluvial plain area. It has been 6. Jamalpur Aqualfs. characterised by the course of the Damodar which limits its northern regional boundary in the district. The general slope is from north- west to south-east as is evident by the flow of the river Damodar. The bed of the Damodar is higher than the surrounding areas and the Hugli in the east. After flowing along the district boundary in a south-easterly direction, the Damodar takes a sharp bend to the north-east and passes close to Barddhaman and turns towards south. As it causes frequent floods the right' bank i~ protected by embankment. .The land is very fertile due to the deposits of silt. It is navigable during the rainy season.

241 2 3 4 5 6 The region has alluvial soils of recent formation. The shallow black, brown alluvial soils containing sand occur in the western part of the region. The alluvial soils containing sandy loam and silt brought by the rivers are found mostly in the areas of the P.S. Khandaghosh and Raina. This type of soils is more .suitable for growing of pulses, wheat, oil seeds etc.

In the region, there are 417 villages with a population of 541, 602 inhabited in an area of 1030.70 Km2. The ft::gion is entirely rural and having a density of 525 persons per Km2. Of the total popUlation, 30.85 per cent of main workers, 0.70 per cent of marginal workers and 68.45 per cent of non-workers are found in this region. The percentage (If Scheduled castes (37.49 per cent) is higher than Scheduled tribes (3.87 per cent). In terms of litera.cy rate, the region has recorded 51.69 per cent of literates of the total p()pulation. The railway line, State. highway (No.7) and other roads pass through the region and connect all the important centres of the region.

242 DISTRICT MEDINIPUR REGIONAL DIVISIONS

The district Medinipur extends in between 21 0 36'and 220 57' North 1atitudes and between 86°33' and 880 11' East longitudes. The district is bordered by the Bankura district on the north, by Hugli, Haora and South Twentyfour Parganas districts on the north and I1orth~east, by the Bay of Bengal on the south and by states of Bihar and Orissa on the west and south~west. The region hlS a total area of 13321.30 Km2 with a population of 8,331,912. Of the total population 7,510,917 reside in the rural areas and 820, 995 in the urban areas. Both the rural and urban account for 90.15 p~r cent and 9.85 per cent respectivel~ The density of population is 579 persons per Km2 in the mral areas and 2, 279 persons per Km in the urban areas. Of the working population, it has 30.43 p~r cent of main workers, 4.76 per cent of marginal workers and 64.81 per cent of non-workers. There are 16.34 per cent of Scheduled castes and 8.28 per cent of Schednled tribes. The literacy rate is 57.06 per cent of total population. The district comprises 11754 villages 22 urban centres falling in 54 C. D. Blocks.

The district is a part of the Rarh Plain area. Topographically, the north and north-western p,)rtions embrace the eastern fringe of the Chotanagpur plateau and consist of hard laterite forma­ tiDO. The southern part is the Maritime tract which is subjected to tidal waves from the sea and on the eastern portion it has been fonned of the alluvial deposits. The Hugli, the Rupnarayan, the Kasai and the Subarnarekha are the prominent rivers which drained the district by flowing towards south­ east direction. The geological formation of the district varies from recent, pleistocene, Miocene­ Pliocene to Archaean. The soils found in the district are Aqualfs-Ochrepts-Fluvents, Ustalfs­ ochrepts, Ustalfs-Aqualfs-Ochrepts, U stalfs-Ochrepts-Orthents, Fluvents~Aquepts~ Aqualfs, Fluvents-Psamments-Orthents and Aquepts-Aquents. The district has been divided into 5 sub-micro rt:gions on the basis of geology, soils, topogmphy, climate and its natural vegetation.

2.6.6.1-Silai Plain

The region extends in the northern pmt of the district covering most of the areas between the Silai river on the north and the Kasai rive:r on the south. This region is a part of the eastern border of Chotanagpur plateau of laterite formaltion. There are some undulating ridges ranging from 3:5.9 to 41.8 metres. It is covered by thick scrub jungle. Shallow black, brown, red sandy and alluvial soils are found in this region. The region has 2206 villages and 4 urban centres falling in 10 C. D. Blocks. The area of the region is 2391.60 Km2 inhabited by 972, 168 persons. Of the total population 916, 328 (94.26 per cent) live in th(~ rural areas and 55, 840 (5.74 per cent) in the urban areas. The density of population is 391 persons per Km2 and 1, 222 persons per Km2 in the rural and urban areas of the region. Considerably, ~his plain area has recorded 32.38 per cent of main workers, 3.79 per cent of marginal workers and 63.83 per cent of non-workers. Both the Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes have shown 23.73 per cent and 9.88 per cent respectively. The literacy rate is 49.20 per cent of the total population.

2.6.6.2-Lower Kasai Plain

The region is mostly plain area. The eastern portion is a long lowlying tract, purely deltaic in nature. It is bordered by the Rupnarayan and the Hugli which in its lower reaches is subjected to tides. The plain area where the Kasai rivl~r flows is a narrow strip of alluvial tract with silt d(~posits along the river bed due to its meandering course. Its elevation ranges from 45 to 94 metres. The region has the alluvial type of soil which is underlain by laterite soil.

The region covers 27 C. D. Blocks, 3237 villages and 11 urban centres and having 3, 026, 496 persons, the rural being 2, 635, 017 (87.06 per cent) and the urban 391479 (12.94 per cent). It covers an area of 3472.40 Kro2 and its density is 792 persons per Km2 and 2, 656 persons per Km2 both in rural and urban areas. Of the total popUlation., it has 30.20 per cent of main workers, 4.98 per cent of marginal workers and 64.82 per cent of non-workers. The literacy rate is 57.06 per cent. Whereas the Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes have recorded 15.33 per cent and 5.23 per cent respectively. 243 2.6.6.3-Medinipur Upland

The region extends in the north-western part of the district. It is characterised by the unciulating surface with ridges and depressions of hard laterite formation. This region is also a part of the Chotanagpur plateau and drain by numerous small streams and rivers which flow either to the Ka~;ai river in the north of the in the south. In the region, mainly in the extreme north there are sev€fral hill ranges of 82 to 223 ffit~rtres high. The soils are formed of recent alluvium and sandy. The region covers 8 C. D. Blocks having 1809 villages and only 1 (one) town called Jhargram (M), in an area of 1921.20 Km2. It has a total population of 569, 653 of which 92.61 per cent (527, 559) are in the rural areas and 7.39 per cent (42,094) in the urban areas. The region ha~, a density of 277 persons per Krn2 in the rural areas and 2, 470 persons per Krn2 in the urban areas. There are 39.34 per cent of main workers, 5.91 per cent of marginal workers and 54.75 per cent of non-workers. The percentage of Scheduled castes (16.33 per cent) is lower than Scheduled trihes (31.17 per cent). The region is characterised by 50.96 per cent of literates of the total population.

2.(i.6.4-Contai Plain

The region lies in the south and central portion of district. Some gentle undulations with strips of alluvial land are noticed in the north-west of the region. The sand hill is also found extending from north of the Rasulpur to the Subarnarekha river. There is a flat plain of alluvial on the east of this range. The soils are shallow black, brown and sandy in the western part and alluvial and coastal soils in the south-eastern part. The region covers 30 C. D. Blocks comprising 4129 villages and five urban centres. It has an area of 5174.10 Km2 inhabited by 3, 529, 214 persons of which 90.69 per cent (3,200,583) are in the rural areas and 9.31 per cent (328, 631) in the urban areas. The densities of population 636 person:; per Km2 and 2281 persons per Km2 are found in rural and urban areas respectively. It is observed that the percentage of Scheduled castes (14.36 per cent) is higher than Scheduled tribes (7.19 per cent). Of the total population, 59.96 per cent are treated as literate persons. There are 28.93 per cent of main workers, 4.62 per cent of marginal workers and 66.45 per cent of non-workers in this plain area.

2.6.6.5-Digha Coastal Plain

The region lies at the head of the Bay of Bengal. It is a littoral tract and a sand ridge being raised by the action of the strong southerly winds along the coastline. The region is formed of sandy soils with salt due to tidal waves.

The region comprises the smallest number of 373 villages with only 1 urban centre called Digha Township, falling in 5 C. D. Blocks. There are 234, 381 persons residing within an area of 362.00 Km2. Of the total population, the region shares 231, 430 persons (98.74 per cent) in the nlral and 2, 951 persons (1.26 per cent) in the urban areas. The region is ~hinly populated most probably in the rural areas. The density of population is 650 persons per Km2 in the rural and 491 persons per Km2 in the urban areas of the region. Regarding the working population, this area has recorded 26.22 per cent of main workers, 5.33 per cent of marginal workers and 68.45 per cent of non-workers. The percentage of Scheduled castes (27.62 per cent) is higher than Scheduled tribes (0.36 per cem). This region has the highest percentage of literates (60.81 per cent) in the district.

244 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 32

WE T BENGAL 2.1 ·' ·1 SIlAI'lAIN 1.1 . , . I LOWER WAI IASIN DISTRIC; MEDINIPUR H •, .) NEOINIPUI UPLAND 2. 6.H CIJlIAI 'lAW CEN~US CODE 13 H · loS ~GHA COASTAL PlAIN REGIONAL DIYI SIONS

II I I " II ~ II ...... I \ BOUND Y, ITATE .. " DISTRICT" .. ,. "f POLICE !TA rlo~ " C. D. BlOCK ... VILLII~HIVINI 1000 IND ABOVE OLUlArIOH .. .. • • uql ~ EA " ...... HAII DNIL HIGHWAI. .. NH III mTE~IHWAYIMETALLED ROAD ---...IIIL/--. RAlW~Y LINt WITH SlAlIO~ II IROIO GAUGE...... !fl RIVER. ,...... ~ REGO NL ~VIS~NS ...... 2 I I I t 1. 1 t. WACHO • MESO . ,. '" IIICRO . . .. '" ... "" SUI·~ I RO IMTH BOUNDARY .•

POLICE STATIONS

I . OiIGACilAK l·IIAlD~ .., C.D. BLOCKS AI· IlAM?l6RAII · / .., AZ • N.4MIGRAN • n C.D. BLOCK PANSKUIIA /I o 51. N; I'l.lAGE NA ~£ T ~ ",,-- 'P

' . AQUALFSoOCHREm I FLIIYENTI ,·usrALFS·OCKREITI II.U5TAlFS.AQUAlF5.0CKREPT5 ".USTALlS.OCKREPTS.ORTHE m

;: : : '''FlUVINTS.AoumS.AQUAlf5 + .. '" oj. !~lI'lUV£HTS·~SAI4MENis.OIH H£NTS , ~13'AQUi P1S' AOU1i N 1S BAY o F BEN GAL (R£Ao 1l£ SEQI£NCE OF R£GIOOI. IlIVlSIONS Wl'TH REFERENtE TO AllllOA MAP COO£S I.I'TO 3 T1£R]

TABLE 1 DATA ON REGIONAL DMSIONS Di:ltrict : MEDINIPUR Census Location Code No. 13 State : WEST BENGAL

No. of No. of T Arel:l in T Population I Region No. Villages in Towns in R K01 • R and Name each each U U Males Females region region Persons [ 1 2 5 7 8 9 3 4 6

'!. 6. 6. I 2206 4 T 239J.60 T 972168 498161 474007 ,)i)ai Plain R 2345.91 R 916328 469367 446961 U 4~.69 U 55840 28794 27046

~. 6. 6. 2 3237 11 T 3471.40 T 3026496 1555739 1470757 ::"ower Kasai R 332:.00 R 2635017 1349700 1285317 Basin U 14; .40 U 391479 206039 185440

l. 6. 6. 3 1809 T 1921.20 T 569653 292257 277396 Medinipur R 19041.16 R 527559 270213 257346 Upland U 1~·.04 U 42094 22044 20050

l. 6. 6.4 4129 5 T 517l f.l0 T 3529214 181'7956 1711258 ::ontai R 5030.00 R 3200583 164:5643 1554940 Plain U [4<'.10 U 328631 172313 156318

2.6. 6. 5 373 T 36::.00 T 234381 120841 113540 Digba R 355.99 R 231430 IB879 ll2551 Coastal U h.Ol U 2951 1962 989 Plain

*The summation of the area figures of the Police Stations under each district will not tally with the concerned district area figures because the former represent those supplied by the State Director of Land Records and Survey while the later represents those supplied by the Surveyor General, India.

TABLE 2 REGIONWISE VILLAGE CODES, 1991 D:lStrict : MEDINIPUR Census Lo(:ation Code No. 13 State : WEST BENGAL

Location Total N,). of Area of Regional Il>ivision Code No. of Villages Division in Kml. ,\,lumber C.D. Block Census Remarks ,md Name ViUages orC.D. In as per 1991 Block Division Total Rural Urban 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2.6.6. 1 Binpur·1 595,598 to 605, 62 2206 2391.60 2345.91 45.69 LC 596,597.606 to 624.628 to 638 Silai 625 to 627,639 4 Towns of Lal,garh P. S. is in Region No. Plain to 688 of P. S. 2.6.6.2 Lalgarb Salbani I to 65,75 to 80,84 465 LC 66 to 74,81 to 83,91,92,113. (0 90,93 (0 112, 114,15'7 (0 214,227 to 238,500 to liS to 196.215 to 512,514 to 516,527 are in Region 226,239 to 499. No. 2.6.6.2 513.517 to 526,528 of P. S. Salbani

Keshpur 1 to 433,435 to 519 LC 434,454 to 464,519,520,523 to 453,465 to 518, 539,5L·l,550,552 to 632 are in 521,522,540,542 to Region No. 2.6.6.2 549,551,633

Daspur·1 I to 25 25

Ghatal 84.85,89 to 91.99 17 LC 86 10 88.92 to 98 are in to 110 Regio] No. 2.6.6.2

Chandrakooa-I I to 7,27 to 33,112 64 LC 8 to 10,12 to 15,17,19 to 22. to 114,134 to 138,140, 154,155.160 to 207.216 to 219.222 14210 144,149 to 153, to 22L. are in Region No. 2.6.6.2 156,208 to 211 ,213,225 LC 11,16,18,23 to 26.88.94(Pan), to 228,261,262,264 to 100,102 to 109(Part).157 to 159 267,269.272 to 287 214.2::5,220.221 are Urbanised. 247 C 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cbil!ldrakona-ll 34 to 87,89 to 93, 131 94(part) to 99,101, 109(part),1l0,1l1. 115 to 133,139,141, 145 to 148,212,229 to 260,263,268,270, 271

Garbeta-l 255,356,377,379 to 356 LC 474,£.79,482,488 to 489,494, 402,407 to 411,417 515,570,582,583,585 are to 429,431 to 434, Urbanised. 475 to 477,490 10 493,495,499 to 504 in P. S. of Goaltor 471 to 473,478,480, 481,483,496 to 498 505 to 514,516 10 569.571 to 581.584. 586 to 644,648 to 653.759,769 to 908, 937 in P. S. of Garhbeta.

Garbeta-ll I to 254,256 to 292, 334 294 to 300,303 10 308,357 to 376,378. 403 to 406,412 to 416

Garbeta-ill 293,301,302,309 to 330,334,335,350, 352 to 355 of P. S. 233 Goaltore. 331 to 333 336 to 349,351,430, 435 to 470,645 to 647,654 to 758,160 to 758.909 to 936, 938 of P. S. Garbeta.

2.6.6.2 Binpur-I 425 to 428,430 to 388 n31 3472.40 3325.00 141.40 LC 227 \0 311,329 to 358,394 to Lcwer 433,437,438,440 to 11 Towns 416,434 to 436,520 to 524.727 Klsai 447,487,488.512 to to 739.744 to 746.748,749,901 B,sin 515,517 to 519,525 to 922,924 to 985 are in Region to 532.740 to 743, No. 2.6.6.3 906.986 to 992, of P. S. Binpur LC 595.598 to 605,625 to 627, 457 to 478,534,536 639 to 688 are in Region to 594,596,591.606 No. 2.6.li.1 to 624,628 to 638. 689 to 726,747.750 to 905.923,993 to 1023 of P. S. Lalgarb

Binpur-n 216 to 226,316 of 116 p. S. Belpahari, 480 of P. S. Lalgarb, 31210315,317 to 328,359 to 393, 417 to 424,429,439. 448 to 456,479,481 to 486,489 to 511,516, 533,535 of P. S. Binpur

Salbani 66 [0 74,81 [0 83.91. 63 LC 75 tel 80,84 to 90,93 to 112. 92,113.114,197 to 115 to 1'~,215 to 226,239 to 499 214.227 to 238,500 513,517 to 526 are in Region No. to 512,514 to 516, 2.6.6.1 527

Keshpur 434.454 to 464,519. 115 LC 435 10453,465 to 518,521,522. 520,523 to 539,514. 540,542 to 549.551,633 are in 550.552 to 632,634 Region No. 2.6.6.1

Daspul-I 26 to 79,87 to 149, 137 LC 1 to 25 are in Region No. 2.6.6.1 164 to 166,167(Pm), 170.180 to 186,192 to 195.200 to 203 248 [ 1 Z 3 4 ] 5 6 1 8 9 Daspur-Il 801086,150 to 163, 87 167(Part) to 169,171 10 179,1&7 to 191,196 to 199,204 to 248

Mahisadal-l I \() 54,58 to 91 101 LC IO~,110 to 113,140 Urllanised. 99 to 102,117 to 122,125 to J27(part)

MahisadaJ-Il 55 to 57,92 to 98, 70 103,104,106 to 109, ll4 to 116,123,124, 141 to 176,127(Part) to 139

Chandrakona-! 8 to 10,12 to 14, 68 LC 1I,15,16,18,23 to 26,88,94,100, 17,19 to 22,154.155, 102 to 109(P),157 to 159,214,215, 160 to 207,216 to 219, 220,221 are UrlJenised. LC 27 to 87 222 to 224 89 to 93,95 to 99, LOL,110 to 153, 156,208 to 213 are in Region No. 2.6.6.6.[

Debra 1 to 361,436 to 438, 404 LC 362,391,426 to 429,439 to 442 443 to 478,482 to are Urbanised LC 363 to 390,392 485 to 425,'30-435,479 to 481 are in Regioo No, 26.6.4

Panskura-I I to 40,42,50 to 239 LC 145.149,151 to 156 are in Region 69,74,75,77 to 144, No. 2.6.6.4. LC 286 to 291,76 are 146 to 148,150,157 Urbanisl:d. LC 256 is not existing to 206,208 to 216, as per DCH. 319 to 363

Panskura-Il 41,43 to 49,70 to 73, 108 207,217 to 255,257 to 285,292 to 318

Mayna 168,170,171,174 to IS LC 169,172,173,180 to 208,210 to 248 179,209,249 to 252, are in Region No. 2.6.6.4. LC 10 10 belongs to P. S. Nanda Kumar

Jhargrarn 376 \0 384.410 to 421, 221 LC 390 to 396,399,400 are 426 to 428,430 to 456, UrbaniS(d 470 to 475,477 to 559, LC 385 to 389,397,398,401 to 409, 562 To 642 422 to 425,429,457 to 469,476,560, 561 are in Region No. 2.6.6.3.

Bhagwanpur-I 18,26 to 30,354 7 LC 19 to 25,31 to 229,231 to 234, 240,242 to 341 are in Region No. 2.6.6.4. LC 230,235 to 239,241, 342 to 353 are not existing as per DCH.

Pingla 214 to 219 6

Nandigram-J 159 to 170,174 to ]79 55 LC 171 to 173,180,205 to 243 are 18 [ to 204.244 to 255, in Region No. 2.6.6.4. 256

Nandigram-II 114 to [21,154, 12 LC 122 to 137,139 to 153,155 are 156 to [58 in Regioa No. 2.6,6.4. LC 138 :1ot existing as per DCH.

Nandigram-m 2 to 5,27 to 58,105 to 45 LC 1 not existing as per OCH. 113 of P. S. Chandipur LC 6 to 26,59 to 104 are in Region No. 2.6.6.4

TamJuk-I 50 to 59,90,93 \0 98, lOS LC 139 to 141,143 to 145,276 to 101 to 138,142,146 to 279 and Part of LC 286 are 167,253 to 275,280 to Urbanised. LC 168 to 252 are not 286 existing as per nCR.

Tarnluk-n I to 11,20 to 22 of 88 P. S. Kolaghat. 12 to 19,23 to 49,60 \0 89.91.92.99,100.287 to 291 of P. S. Tarnluk 249 [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 to 149,152 to 167, 271 LC 150,151,168 to 174(part),177 174{Patt) to 176,18) to 183(Part),184 to 186,187 (patt),187(Pan),188 (Part),188(Part),189 are (Patt),l90 to 289 Urbanised.

GhataI 1 to 29, 34 to 42,45 128 LC 30 ~~ 33,43,44,64,65,145 to 147 to 63.66 to 83,86 are Urbanised. LC 84,85,89 to 91, to 88,92 to 98, III 99 to IlO are in Region No. 2.6.6.1 10 144, 148 to 156

Sutahala-I 110,111,113,120 to 123, 86 145 of P. S. Durgachak I to 44, 64 10 66, 68 to LC 84 to 89,99,100,102,103,149,150. 83.90.91,95 to 98.101, of P. S. Sutahata are Urbanised. 109,112,114 to 119 of LC 104 to 108,124 to 145.176 to P. S. Sutahata 178 of I'. S. Durgachak are Urbanised.

Sutabata-ll 45 to 63,67,92 to 94, 42 147,148,151 to 159.164 of P. S. Sutahata LC 167 to 175,179,180,182 to 218 160 10 16), 165.166,221 are Urbwised. of P. S. Haldia

Kbaragpur-I 1 to 41.46 to 63.89 122 LC 42 t) 45,65 to 87,134.136,137, to 130,138,139,197 to 146 to 187,227 to 231.240 to 310, 215 313 to ~65,368.387 to 457,562 to -n 216 to 226,366,367, 135 651 are in Region No. 2.6.6.4. 369 to 386.458 to 561 LC 64 Urbanised. LC 64,88.131 to 133,135.140 to 145 (Part),188 to 196,232 to 239,311. 312,146t,Part) are Urbanised.

2.6.6.3 Binpur-I 434,436,520 to 524, 103 1809 1921.20 1904.16 17.04 LC 595,598 to 605,625 to 627,639 Medinipur 733 to 739,744 to 746, IlbwD to 688 are in Region No. 2.6.6.1 Upland 748,749,907 to 918. 920,921,924 to 985 of P. S. Binpur 727 to 732,919,922 of P. S. Lalgarb

Binpur-D 1 to 201,203 to 215, 246 LC 216 to 226,312 to 328,359 10 227,229,230,234,244, 393,417 to 433,437 to 519,525 to 245,251 to 268,278, 594,596,597,606 to 624,628 to 281,282 of P. S. 638,689 to 726,740 to 743,747,750 Belpahari to 905,923,986 to 992 are in 202,228,231 to 233, 108 Region :~o. 2.6.6.2 235 to 243,246 to 250, 2(f) to 277,279,280,283 to 311,329 to 358,394 to 416,435 of P. S. Binpur

Nayagram 1 to 36,38 to 52,53 107 LC 37,53 to 82,104.107 to 156, to 103,105,106,157 10 190 to 336 are in Region No. 189 2.6.6.4

Jhargram 334,340 to 355,365, 383 LC I to 133,335 to 339 371 to 375,385 to are not existing as per 387,389,397,398, DCH 401 To 409,422 to 376 to 384,410 to 421, 425,429. 426 to 428,430 to 456, 457 to 469,476,560, 470 to 475,477 to 559 561,643 to 731,733 562 to ~42 are in Region to 967 No. 2.6.6.2

LC 356 to 364,366 to 370 388,390 to 396,399,400. 732 are Urbanised

Sankrail 1 to 86,89,93 to 116 LC 87.88,90 to 92,116 to 115. 119,120,199, 118,121 to [98,200 to 251,253.287 250,252 are in Region No. 2.6.6.4.

Jambani 1 to 333,335 to 338 LC 334 not existing as 339 per Dell. 250 [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

GopIOOlJavpur 1 to 74.106 to 216 1 154.190.191.192. 208 to 247.253 to 268, 375 to 408

Gopibal1avpur 75 to 105.155 192 n to 189,193 to 207. 248 to 252,269 to 374

.!. 6. 6. 4 Sankrai1 87.88.90 to 92. 171 4129 5174.10 5030.00 144.10 LC 89,93 to 115. eontal 116 to 118.121 5 Towns 119,121),199,251, I'lain to 198,200 to 253 are in Region 250.252,254 to No. 26.6.3 286

N\loyapam 31.5~ \1) g1,\M, 219 LC 38 ID Sl.S3 \1) 1G3. 107 to 156.190 105.106,157 to 189 are to 336 in Region No. 2.6.6.3.

Debra 363 to 390.392 to 73 LC 391,426 to 429,439 425,430 to 435, to 442 are Urbanised 479 to 481,486. LC 43(; to 438,443 to 487 478,482 to 485 are in Region No. 2.6.6.2

Panskura·[ 145,149,151 to 156 8 LC 1410 to 148,150 are in Region No. 2.6.6.2

Mayna 169.172.173.180 to 71 LC 161:.170,171.174 to 208.210 to 248 179,209 are in Region No. 2.6.6.2

Bhagawanpur 1 to 17.19 to 25, LC 18,Z6 to 30 are in I 31 to 129,132 to 153, 160 Region 2.6.6.2 158 to 162,167 to 173,217 to 219

Bhagawanpur 130,[31.154 to 157, 168 LC 23{l,235 to 239,241 II 163 to 166.174 to are not existing as per 216.220 to 229.231. DCH. to 234.240.242 to 341

Pingla 1 to 104. 106 to 114, 176 LC 214 to 219 are in Region No. 116,126 to 129.131 2.6.6.2 to 138, 183 to 186. LC 105,115,117 to 125 190 to 213.220 to 130,139 to 182,187 to 189 238,250,255.256 239 to 249,251 to 254 are not exi1:ting as per DCH.

Khejuri·I 1 to 17.19,24,26, 42 LC 46 to 120 are in Region No. 2.6.6.5 31,121 to 140,141

KheJuri-1I 18, 20 to 23;lS;IJ 24 to 30,32 to 45

Contai·j 93 to 98,101 to 140 LC 220,288 to 296,324 to 361,364,501 125.128,129,184 to 525,528 to 536 are in Region No. to 219,221 to 2.6.6.5 238,267 to 287, 297 to 308,312 to 323,362,363, 365.366.537,539 to 541

Contai-ll 381 to 385,417 to 78 431.439 to 462,466 to 474, 478 to 500. 526,527,

Contai-lll 41 to 65,67 to 70. 165 LC 1 te' 40, 66,71,72,80 to 92, 99, 100 73 to 79, 126. 127, are not existing as per OCH. 130 to 183, 239 to LC 263 to 266, 309 to 311, 262, 374 to 380, 367 to 373, 475 to 477. 538, 386 to 416, 432 to are Urbanised. 438, 463 to 465, 635 251 C 1 2 3 4 5 6 ? 8 9 Ramnagar-( 1 to 20.2S to 46.49 70 LC 47,48,65.69,71,72,99 to 64, 1~ to 109. 113. to 105, 193 to 196, 206 to 210, IJ4,lI7,202 to 205, 214.217 to 222,224 to 229,233 to 286 230 to 232.287 are in Region No. 2.6.6.5

Nandigram-l 14S to 150,17l to 44 LC 138 is not existing as 173,180,205 to 219, per OCH. 225 to 243

Nandigram-ll 122 Ie 127,130 to 29 LC 27 to 58, !OS to 121, 137,139 to 144. 154, \ 56 t:l 170,174 10 lSI to 153.155,220 179.1g[ t~ 204 are in to 224 Region No. 2.6.6.2

Nandigram-ID 6 to 26,59 to 69, 69 7010 104,128,129,

Moharpur 190 to 192,194,319 103 LC I to 189,193,195 10 10 322, 326,330 to 318,323 1.0325.327 to 333, 341 to 430 329, 334 10 340 are not existing liS per DCH.

Keshlary 1 to 47,53 to 199 220 LC 48 Ic' 52,200 to 202, 203,326,327.330 204 to 325,328,329,345, to 344,347.360 to 346,348 to 359. 366 10 395 365.369 are not existing as per OCH.

Danlan-I 1 to 127, 150 to 189, 199 LC 190 to 192,194,319 193,195 to 218,334 to to 322,326,330 to 333 340 are not t:xisting as per DCH.

Dantan-ll 128 to 149,219 to 128 245,315,323 to 325,327 to 329 of P.S. Dantan 246 to 314.316 to 318 of P.S. BeIda

Narayangarh 48 10 52.212 10 293. m LC 1 to 47,53 to 211, 439.440,449 to 625. 294 to 438,441 to 448, 628 to 631,643 to 650, 626,627,632 to 642,651 732 of p.s. Narayangarh to 731 of P.S. Dantan are not existing 200 to 202,204 to 211, as per nCR. 294 to 325,328,329, LC I to 199,203,212 345,346,348 to 359. to 293,326,327,330 to 344, 366 to 395,397 to 438, 347.360 to 365,396,439,440.449 to 441 to 448,626,627. 625,628 to 631,643 to 650,732, 6J2 10 642,651 ID 131, of SeIdl P.S are nor e~isring as per DCH. 733 to 137 of P.S. BeIda

Patashpur-l 1 10 13,15,16,21 to 45, 140 57 to 67.120 to 205, 209,290,291

Palashpur-n 14,17 to 20.46 to 56, 151 68 to 119,206 to 208. 210 to 289

Egm-l I to 28, 32 to 132, 138 147 10 147.184,184,186 to 190,192, 204

Egra-li 29 to 31,133 to137,I48 liS LC 24 5 not existing as per DCH. 10183,185,191,193to203, 205 to 244, 246 to 266

Kharagpur -I 42 1045, 64 to 87.134, 147 LC 64(Part), 88,131 to 133 136,137.145.146 to 187, m.140 to 145(Part) 146 (Part) 228 to 231, 240,246 to 188 to 1%,232 to 301,333 to 344 239. 311, 312 are Urbanised.

Kharagpur-ll 227,241 to 245,302 to 218 LC 1 to 41. 46 to 63, 89 310, 313 to 332, 345 to to 13(1,13S,139,197 to 365,368,387 to 457, 226,3 _1,366,367 ,369 562 to 651 10 386,458 to 561 are in Region No. 2.6.6.2

252 [ 1 2 ~ 4 1 5 6 7 8 9 Sabang IOS,lIS,ll? to 125, 232 LC 1 to 104,106 to 114, 130,139 to 182,187 116,12f to 129,13l to 138,18310 186, 10 189,239 to 249, 190 10 238,250,255,256,325,363 251 to 254, 25? 10 nol exi!ling as per DCH. 324. 326 10 362. 364 to 416.

2.6.6.5 Khijuri·1I 4610 120 75 373 362.00 355.99 6.01 LC I 1(, 45 are in Region :-lo. 2.6.6.4 Itigha , Town ('oasta! Plain Conlai·1 220.288 to 296 85 LC 263 to 266, 309 to 311.367 to 373, 324 10 361.364. 475 to 477,538 are Urbanised. 535.536.542 to 548,550 to 573 582,583,634

Contai·ll 501 to 525. 528 91 LC 221 10 262, 267 10 287,297 to 287, to 534, 549, 574 297 to 308.312 10 323,362,363,366,374 to 581,584 to 633 to 474,478 to 500,526,527,537,539 to 541, are in Region No. 2.6.6.4

Ramnagar·1 47.48,65,69,71,72 77 LC 49 to 64,106 10 192 99 to ]05,206 to J97 10 205.230 to 232 are in Rgeion No 210,214,21710 2.6.6.4 222.224 to 229,233 to 244,247 of P.S. Ramnagar. 66 to 68 70.73 to 76,79.80,82 to 98. 211 to 213, 215, 216.223 of P.S. Digha.

Ramnagar·II 193 to 196, 245, 45 LC 76 Part, 77,78.81 and Parts of 246,248 to 286 83,85,8f,89 are Urbanised.

TABLE 3 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS . TOTAL milriet : MEDINIPUR Census Location Code No.13 Stale : WEST BENGAL

:egion No, Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non • Workers nd Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non·Workers Persons I Males 'Females ;Persons I Males I Females Persons 1 Males 1 Females 1 2 J 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 1 9 1 10 :~. 6. 6. 314805 263764 51041 36810 6011 30799 620553 228386 392167 Silai Plain

2.6.6.2 914142 784494 129648 150736 28198 122538 1961618 743047 1218571 Lower ~asai Basin

::. 6. 6. 3 224119 154984 69135 33659 6194 27465 311875 131079 180796 Medinipur Upland

::.6.6.4 1020999 889975 131024 163202 30579 132623 2345013 897402 1447611 Contai Plain

2. 6. 6. 5 61455 57462 3993 12485 2440 10045 160441 60939 99502 Digha Coastal Plain 253 TABLE 4 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS· RURAL Dis1rict : MEDINIPUR Census Location Code No.13 State : WEST BENGAL

Total Main Worlters, Marginal Workers aDd Non ~ Workers ,~on No. ld Name Main Workers MargInal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 1 9 I 10 2. 6. 6. 1 297951 249034 48917 35888 5734 30154 582489 214599 367890 Silai Plain

2.6.6.2 801482 683261 118221 142224 25223 117001 1691311 641216 1050095 Lower Kasai E:asin

2.6.6.3 211009 144109 66900 33249 6086 21163 283301 120018 163283 ~1edinipur Upland

:.; .. 6. 6. 4 941063 817682 123381 161719 29809 131910 209780]. 798152 1299649 Contai Plain

~:. 6. 6. 5 59838 55991 3847 12437 2412 10025 159155 60476 98679 Digha Coastal Plain

TABLE 5 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS • URBAN District : MEDlNIPUR Census LOt:ation Code No.13 State : WEST BENGAL

~egion No. Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non· Workers rod Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 I 9 I 10

2.6.6. 1 16854 14730 2124 922 277 645 38064 13787 24271 Silai Plain

2.6.6.2 112660 101233 11427 8512 2975 5537 270307 101831 168476 Lower Kasai Basin

2.6.6.3 13110 10875 2235 410 108 302 28574 11061 17513 Medinipur Upland

2.6.6.4 79936 72293 7643 1483 770 713 247212 99250 147962 Contai Plain

2.6.6.5 1617 1471 146 48 28 20 1286 463 823 Digha Coastal Plain 254 TABLE 6 DATA ON REGIONAL DMSIONS Dii.trict : MEDINIPUR Census Location Code No. 13 State : WEST BENGAL

T Literates T Scheduled castes T Scheduled tribes ~egiOll No. R R R nd Name U U U Persons ( MaJes IFemales Persons I Males IFemales Pec!:ons I Males 1Females 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

2.6.6. I T 478265 295313 182952 T :~30670 117969 112701 T 96051 48437 47614 :mai Plain R 445319 276051 169268 R :~ 11626 108257 103369 R 94107 47470 46637 U 32946 19262 13684 l: 19044 9712 9332 U 1944 967 977

:~. 6. 6. 2 T 1726913 1041440 685473 T '~63873 237358 226515 T 158274 80377 77897 ::..ower Kasai R 1462999 887827 575172 R 414957 212094 202863 R 152764 77534 75230 :Basin U 263914 153613 110301 U 48916 25264 23652 U 5510 2843 2667

2.6.6.3 T 290317 180724 109593 T 95899 48965 46934 T 180636 91786 88850 \1edinipur R 261613 164267 97346 R 91761 46836 44925 R 176882 89836 87046 Upland U 28704 16457 12247 U 4138 2129 2009 U 3754 1950 1804

2.6. 6.4 T 2116253 1266995 849258 T 506650 260009 246641 T 253826 129269 124557 :::ontai Plain R 1890288 1138381 751907 R ·l67322 240133 227189 R 245823 125157 120666 U 225965 128614 97351 U 39328 19876 19452 U 8003 4112 3891

2.6.6.5 T 142532 84888 57644 T 64736 33381 31355 T 849 437 412 Digha R 140581 83389 57192 R 64191 33082 31109 R 641 334 307 Coastal U 1951 1499 452 U 545 299 246 U 208 103 105 Plain

255 STATEMENT ON REGIONWISE PHYSJO-CGLTURAL DETAILS District: MEDINIPUR Census Location Code No. 13 State: West Bengal S1. No.and name of Administrative No. the Regional Divisions Geology Soils Physio-Cultural Characteristics Divisions (C. D. Blocks) 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Division No. 1. Binpur-I Alluvium Aqualfs­ The region covers the northern 2.6.6.1 2. Sal bani Ochrepts­ part of the district bordering Silai Plain 3. Keshpur Fluvents, Bankura district. It is a part of the 4. Daspur Ustalfs­ eastern fringe of the Chotanagpur 5. Ghatal Ochrepts, plateau and consisting of laterite 6. Chandrakana-I Ustalfs­ formation. The region is 7. Chandrakana-ll Aqualfs­ characterised by gentle undulations 8. Garbeta-I Ochrepts, with ridges I:;overed by the thick 9. Garbeta-ll Fluvents­ jungle of scrubs and dwarf sal trees. 10 Garbeta-Ill Aquepts­ The height of the ridges are 35.9 Aqualfs. (Minimum) and 41.8 (Maximum) metres respectively. In the region, the Silai is a prominent river which enters in this region from Puruliya district. It faUs to the Rupanarayan river in P. S. Ghatal after running through P. S. Garbeta and P. S. . The general slope is towards south-east. In the region many streams and other tributaries are also flowing.

In the region, different types of soils are f,::mnd distributed in different parts. In the northern part the shallow black, brown and red sandy are occurred whereas in the southern part the alluvial soils and brown soils are found. Maize, mil1ets and oilseeds are grown on the upland areas while the low lands are cultivated with rice.

There are 972, 168 persons inhabiting in 2206 villages and 4 urban centres falling in 10 C. D. Blocks. Of the total population, 30.65 per cent of main workers, 3.69 per cent of marginal workers and 59.92 per cent of non-workers are observed in the rural areas and 1.73 per cent of main workers, 0.09 per cent of marginal workers and 3.92 per cent of non-workers are found in the urban ar(~as. Considerably, the percentage of Scheduled castes (23.73 per cent) is higher than 256 1 2 3 4 5 6 Scheduled tribes (9.88 per cent). The literacy rate is 49.20 per cent of the region. The rural and urban areas have recorded 94.26 per cent and 5.74 pel cent of the total population respectively. The region has a total afii:~a of 2391.60 Km2, and its rural density is 391 persons per Km2 and urban density is 1, 222 persons per Km2 . There are 49.20 per cent of literates is the region.

In the region, Chandrakona (M), Kshirpai (M), Amalagora (NM) and Garhbeta (NM) are the important urban centres. The State highway (No.5) and a railway line connect the Garhbeta and Salbani centres with Medinipllr headquarters. The State highway (No.4 and 7) connect Goaltor, Chandrakona, Ghatal, Keshpur and Daspur with one another in this area. The region is very thinly populated because of its varied landforms and lack of communication facilities mainly in the rural areas.

2. Division No. l. Binpur-I Alluvium Ustalfs­ The region occupies most of the 2.6.6.2 2. Binpur-II older Aqualfs­ plain areas where the river Kasai Lower Kasai 3. Salbani Alluvium; Ochrepts, flows and some areas on the north Plain 4. Keshpur Leterite Fluvents­ lying along the river Rupnarayan as S. Daspur-I Aquepts­ district boundary. The eastern part 6. Daspur-ll Aqualfs. is a strip of deltaic nature bordered 7. Mahisadal-I Aquents. by the Rupnarayan and the Hugli 8. Mahisadal-ll and the lower part is subjected to 9. Midnapore tidal influence. This is a long low 10. Ghatal lying tract of a.lluvial. The plain area 11. Chandrakana-I where the Kas.ai river flows is also a 12. Debra strip of alluvial tract. In this stage, 13. Pan skura-I the region forms a rough triangle, 14. Pan skura-II the base of which is the Rupnarayan IS. Mayna from Tamluk to Ghatal. This is a 16. Jhargram low lying depression formed by the 17. Bhagawanpur-I combined deltas of the Kasai and the 18. Pingla Silai which is intersected by the 19. Nadigram-I streams. In the region many silt 20. Nadigram-II deposits are found along the 21. Nadigram-III riverbed of Kasai which obstruct the 22. Tamluk-I waterways. 23. Tamluk-II 24. Sutahata-I The region is covered with recent 25. Sutahata-II alluvial soils. In the north-western 257 2 3 4 5 6 26. Kbaragpur-I part of the region the laterite rocks 27. Kharagpur-ll appear swelling with a gently undulating surface. It is slightly higher than the adjoining alluvial plain. In P. S. Medinipur, the elevation at some places reaches from 45 to 94 metres where the Kasai river is t1owing. The coastal alluvial type of soil is found in the eastern part of the region. This soil is more suited for cultivation of paddy. Besides it, the rabi crops such as pulses, wheat and oilseeds are also can grow very easily.

The region has recorded altogether 3, 026, 496 persons, residing in 3237 villages and 11 urban centres falling in 27 C. n: Blocks. Of the total population, 87.06 per cent are recorded in the rural areas and 12.94 per cent in the urban areas. There are 26.48 per cent of main workers, 4.70 per cent of marginal workers and 55.88 per cent of non-workers in the rural areas whereas 3.73 per cent Qf main workers, 0.28 per cent of marginal workers and 8.93 per cent of non-workers are found in the urban areas. III case of literacy rate, the region has 57.06 per cent of literates. On the other hand, 15.33 per cent of Scheduled castes and 5.23 per cent 'of Scheduled tribes are shown respectively. The region has an area of 3472.40 Km2 and its density of population is 792 persons per Km2 in the rural and 2, 656 persons per Km2 in the urban areas.

Among the urban centres, in the region, Medinipur (M) is the biggest and followed by (M), Kharar (M), Ghatal (M). Bahirgram (M), Kolaghat (M), Kolaghat Thermal Power Project Town (NM), AmIahara (NM), Tamluk (M), Mahishadal (NM) and Haldia (NA). This region has the highest number of urban centres in the district. The urban centres. and other important areas are wdl connected by the 258 1 2 3 4 5 6 ------~------.------State highways (Nos. 4 and 7), National highways (Nos. 5, 6 and 41), railways and other roads. In view of this, the region has the best means of communication system in the district. .. 3. Division No. 1. Bin pur-I Alluvium olde-r Ustalfs- The region lies in the north-western 2.6.6.3 2. Binpur-II alluvium. Ocharepts, portion of the district bordering the Medinipur. 3. Laterite upper Ostalfs- state of Orissa and Bihar. In the Upland 4.1hargram tertiary Aqualfs- region there are some undulations 5.SankraiJ formation Ochrepts, with alternate ridges and 6. Jambani paraschists Ustalfs- depressions. This area is also a 7. Gopiballav- and gneisses Orchrepts- portion of the eastern fringe of the pur-I of south Orthents, chotanagpur plateau and it consists 8. Gopiballav- Purulia and Fluvents- of hard laterite formation. pur-U Bankura witt Psamments- epidiorites Orthents. There are some hills in the Granite extreme north of the region. The gneiss with height of thesl~ hills ranges from 82 leptyrites and to 223 metres. Numerous streams granurlite and small. rivc~rs are found flowing including over the rocky terrain. Some of pyroxene them are flowing into the Kasai river granulites. in the north and some others into the river Subamarekha in the south. The Subarnarekha is the most important river in the southern portion of the region. It enters the district in P. S. from Bihar state and flows towards south­ east and finally falls into the Bay of Bengal through Baleshwar district of Orissa.

The region has recent alluvial and sandy formation type of soil. In the extreme north-west the soil is however arid and becomes unproductive. This area is almost uninhabited. The sal trees and other jungle scrubs are found growing over the ridge8. The oilseecis, pulses and barley are grown in southern portion of the region.

There are 569, 653 persons living in 1809 villages and 1 (one) urban centre. Of the total population 527, 559 (92.61 per cent) are found in the rural areas and 42094 (7.39 per cent) in the urban areas. Considerably, the higher proportions of main workers 259 2 3 4 5 6 (37.04 per cent), marginal workers (5.84 per cent) and non-workers (49.73 per cent) are recorded in the rural areas whereas the lower proportions of main workers (2.30 per cent), marginal workers (0.07 per cent) and non-workers (5.02 per cent) are found in the urban areas. Among the regions of the district, this area has recorded the highest percentage Scheduled tribes (31.71 per cent) and also having 16.33 per cent of Scheduled castes. In this area, 50.96 per cent of literates are found recorded. The region has the density of 277 persons per Km2 in the rural and 2470 persons per Km2 in the urban areas. The Ihargram (M), is the only town which is connected by the railway line (broad gauge). The State highways (Nos. 5, 6 and 9) and other roads are passing through the region. In the region the villages are sparsely distributed.

4. Division No. 1. Sankrail Alluvium, Ustalfs­ The region covers the south and 2.6.6.4 2. Nayagram older Aqualfs­ central portion of the district. The Contai 3. Debra Alluvium, Ochrepts, region is a flat land and cultivated Plain 4. Panskura-I Laterite Fluvents­ very extensiv(~ly. In the north-west 5. Mayna Psamments­ there are gentle undulations with 6. Bhagawanpur-I Orthents, strips of alluvial land. On the east of 7. Bhagawanpur-ll Aquepts­ the region a flat alluvial plain is 8. Pingla Aquents. stretching southward towards the 9. Khejuri-I sea. The elevation ranges from 5 to lO ..Khejuri-II 46 metres in the region. There is 11.Contai-I also a peculiar range structure of 12.Contai-II sand hills extending from the north 13.Contai-III of Rasulpur to the Subarnarekha 14. Ramnagar-I river away from the coastal areas. IS. Ramnagar-11 l6.Nandigram-I In the region the soil is laterite, 17. Nandigram-II sandy and alluvial. In the western 18. Nandigram-III side, the shallow black brown and 19. Mohanpur sandy soils are found while the 20. Keshiary south-eastern side has the alluvial 21. Dantan-I and coastal soils. Aus paddy is the 22. Dantan-II principal crop of the region. The 23.Narayangarh beta! leaf is grown on black brown 24.Patashpur-I and loamy soil. In some portion of 25.Patashpur-II the region some oilseeds like 26. Egra-I mustard, rap(~ and linseeds are also 260 2 3 4 5 6 27. Egra-II grown. The mixed forest trees, 28. Kharagpur -I scrubs and tamrind trees are also 29. Kharagpur-Il growing in this area. 30.Sabang The region comprises 4129 villages and five urban centres falling in 30 C. D. Blocks. It has an area of 5174.10 Km2 inhabited by 3, 529, 214 persons. Of the total population, 90.69 per cent and 9.31 per cent are found recorded in rural and urban areas. In the region, there are 26.66 per cent of main workers, 4.58 per cent of marginal workers and 59.44 per cent of non-workers in the rural areas and 2.27 per cent of main workers, 0.04 per cent of marginal workers and 7.01 per cent of non-workers in the urban areas. Comparatively, the percentage of Scheduled cas,tes (14.36 per cent) is higher than Scheduled tribes (7.19 per cent). In terms of literacy, this plain area has recorded 59.96 per cent of literates. The density of population is 636 persons per Km2 in the rural areas and 2, 281 persons per Km2 in the urban areas. The railway lines, National highways (Nos. 5 and 6) and State highway (No.5) passing through the region have connected the other important areas. In the region, Kharagpur(M), Kalaikunda (NM), Balichak (NM), Contai «M),) and Kharagpur Rly. Settlement (NM) are the important towns.

5. Division No. 1. Khejuri-I Alluvium Aquepts­ The region is a littoral tract, 2.6.6.5 2. Contai-I Aquents. which lies at the head of the Bay of Digha Coastal 3. Contai-II Bengal and is exposed to the strong Plain 4. Ramnagar-I southerly winds. There is a sand 5. Ramnagar-II range ext€mding from the Subarnarekha river which seperates this region from the mainland. In the region, along the present coastline, where the sand ridge is gradually raised up by the action of the strong southerly winds.

The region has coastal sandy alluvial soils. The soil is impregnated with salt due to the tidal waves and 261 1 2 3 4 5 6 unsuitable for cultivation. Watermelon which required no irrigation (artificial) are extensively growing. Besides it, coconut trees are also growing extensively in this region.

There are 5 C. D. Blocks comprising 373 villages and 1 (one) urban centre. It has the smallest population of 234, 381 inhabiting in an area of 362 Km2 and recorded the highest percent age of literates (60.81 per cent). Of the total population, 98.74 per cent (231, 430) are recorded in the rural areas and 1.26 per cent (2, 951) in the nrban areas. In th(~ urban areas, the percentages of main workers (0.69 per cent), marginal workers (0.02 per cent) and non-workers (0.55 per cent) become very low whereas the higer proportions of main workers (25.53 per cent), marginal workers (5.31 per cent) and non-workers (67.90 per cent) are shown in the rural areas. Similarly, the percentage of Scheduled tribes (0.36 per cent) is less than the Scheduled castes (27.62 per cent).

N, regards the density of population the region has 650 persons per Km2 in rural area and 491 persons per Km2 in urban area. The region is very thinly populated. The urban centre viz. Digha Township (NM) which is cOlmected by the State highway (No.4) with other important centres of thc~ district. Digha is a tourist centre and there is a fishery farm owned by the State Government.

262 DISTRICT BANKURA REGIONAL DIVISIONS

The Bankura district extends between 2:~038' and 23038' North latitudes and between 86036' and 870 46' East longitudes. It is bounded on the north and a part of the norm-east by the district of Barddhaman, on the south-east over a small 'part by the district of Hugli, on the entire south-west by the districts of Medinipur and Puruliya. The district has 22 C. D. Blocks comprisin~ 3824 villages and 7 towns. It has a total population of 2, 805,065 residing in area of 6874.50 Km . Of the total population 2, 572, 587 (91.71 per-cent) live in the rural areas and 232, 478 (8.29 per cent) in the urhan areas. The district has densities of 379 persons per Km2 and 2, 991 persons per Km2 in the rUIal and urban areas respectively. While considering the working population, the district has recorded 32.86 per cent of main workers, 3.05 per cent of marginal workers and 64.09 per cent of non­ workers. In terms of literacy, 43.37 per cent of the total population are found as literates, whereas the: Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes have recorded 31.37 per cent and 10.34 per cent respectively.

The district is a part of Rarh Plain of Region No. 2.6.6. As regards the topographic features, the: district has presented the hilly tract on the west, the undulating tract in the middle and the alluvial plains in the east. The elevation rises gradually in undulating plains and ranging from 440 to 452 me:tres. The western hilly and undulating terrain is composed of hard laterite rocks and it is mostly covered by the forests. Whereas in the eastern part of the district, there is a vast area of cultivated larld. The mango groves, clumps of bamboos and other trees are growing in the district.

In view of the river system, the Damodar, the Dwarakeswar, the Silai, the Kasai, the Bodai and the Salias the tributaries of Damodar drain the district flowing from nonh-west to south-east. The river rise in the uplands and they have only the seasonal flow of water during the rainy season. The geological structures are found to be formed of recent, Pleistocene, Triassic-Jurassic, Carboniferous-Permian to Archaean.

The soils found in the district are Aqualfs-Ochrepts-Fluvents, Ustalfs-Ochrepts, Ustalfs­ Aqualfs-Ochrepts, U stalfs-Ochrepts-Orthents, Fluvents-Aquepts-Aqualfs.

On the basis of topographic features, the district has been divided into the following sub-micro regions.

2.(i.6.1. A - Bankura Upland.

The region is extending along the north-western boundary of the district and has gradual de.~cent from the Chotonagpur plateau. It has been characterised by its undulating terrains with many hills and ridges. The Biharinath and the Susunia are the two important peaks ranging the height from 452 and 440 metres. The Dwarakeshar and Gondheswari are flowing towards south-east direction. The region has laterite red and brown soils and hard beds covered with scrub jungle and Sal wood.

The region comprises 402 villages in 6 C. D. Blocks. It has an area of 661.50 Km2 resided by 231, 707 persons. The region is entirely ntral and its density of population is 350 persons per Krn2. This upland area has recorded 28.83 per cent of Scheduled castes and 23.87 per cent of Scheduled tribes. There are 34.23 per cent of main workers, 4.91 per cent of marginal workers and. 60.86 per cent of non-workers. The literacy rate is 39.69 per cent of the total population.

2.Ci.6.1. B • Bankura Upland.

The region lies over a small tract of the Bankura Upland in the south-eas.tern corner. This tract is the continuation from the main Bankura Upland (A). The topographic features are more or less similar to Region No. 2.6.6.l.A, as explained earlier. The elevation ofthe region is ranging from 159 to 295 metres in height. The region has laterite red and brown soils of hard beds. 263 This region has 130 villages falling in 2 C.D. Blicks. It has a total population of 74, 530 living in an area of 372.30 Knt This region is also entirely rural in character and having a density of 200 persons per Knt Of the working popUlation, this region has 38.17 per cent of main workers, 5.40 per cent of marginal workers and 56.43 per cent of non-workers. There is high concentration of Scheduled tribes and presented 61.04 per cent of the total population whereas the Scheduled castes recorded 9.33 per cent only. The literacy rate is 34.92 per cent of the region.

2.6.6.2 - Bankura-Bishnupur Rarh Plain.

The region extends between western hilly tract and eastern alluvial plains. In the region, the elevation rises gradually in undulating surface but abruptly in hilly tract towards west. The hillocks are ranging from 90 to 180 metres respectively. Along the northern boundary the Damodar river, in the middle the and their tributaries namely the Sali, the Bodai and Gandheswari traverse the region. These rivers are flowing towards south-east. The region has a gentle slope as is evident by the flow of the rivers. The soil is red sandy, red loamy and alluvial.

In 13 C. D. Blocks, the region has 1469 villages and 5 towns. It has a total population of 1, 230, 289 inhabiting in an area of 2768.00 Km2. Of the total population, the region has 82.94 per cent (1, 020, 346) in the rural areas and 17.06 per cent (209, 943) in the urban areas. Its rural density is 377 persons per Km2 and urban density 3414 persons per Km2. There are 31.37 per cent of main workers, 2.98 per cent of marginal workers and 65.65 per cent of non-workers. There percentage of Scneduled castes (32.40 per cent) is more than Scheduled tribes (4.39 per cent). The region is Characterised by 45.40 per cent of literates.

2.fi.6.3 - Patrasair Plain.

The region lies on the north-eastern portion of the district. This is a fertile plain area and having a gradual slope towards south-east. Along the northern district boundary, the Damodar flows and receives the . Whereas the Dwarakeswar flows in the middle portion of the district and has crossed the district. During the rains, the Damodar causes sudden floods and submerged the villages and the other areas. The banks of the river become very low and composed of sand and clay. ntis region has shallow black, brown and alluvial soils consisting of sand and clay silts carried by the rivers.

The region has 596 villages and 1 (one) urban centreDln 5 C. D. Blocks. There is a total population of 541, 532 of which 98.29 per cent (532, 262) live in the rural areas and 1.71 per cent (9, 270) in urban areas. It has an area of 1040.90 Km2. The density of popUlation is 516 persons per Km2 in the rural areas and 1, 062 persons per Km2 in the urban areas. The main workers, workers and non-workers have presented 30.77 per cent, 1.72 per cent and 67.51 per cent re:ipectively in the region. The percentage of Scheduled castes (40.07 per cent) is higher than Scheduled tribes (1.94 per cent). The region has 43.14 per cent of literates of the total population.

2.16.6.4 - Selai Plain.

The region extends in the south central part of the district. This region is also a plain area With some undulations in the west. The river Silabati (Selai) is flowing in the region. Its general slope is towards the south-east. The elevation of this region is 100 metres high in the north-west but it is below WO metres in the south-east. This region has red sandy, shallow black, brown and recent alluvial soils. The Selai plain is entirely rural in character and it has 668 villages falling in 11 C. D. Blocks. It has a total population of 421,583 inhabiting in an area of 1212.70 Km2. The region has a rural density of 348 persons per Km2. In considering about the working population, this plain area has 34.51 per cent of main workers, 2.34 percent of marginal workers and 63.15 per cent of non-workers. 264 CENSUSOF INDIA MAP33 SOIL WEST BENGAL

0 DISTRICT BANKURA r CENSUS CODE 14 RECIONAL DIVISION

Km S to IS 20 25 Km

GEOLOG Y

K.~ 0 ~ llK. ~

AOVALFS· OCHREPIS· m' FlUYENTS ~ I USIALFS· OCHREPTS USUlFS·AQUAl FS · [ZJ 17 OCHREPTS [2] 11 USTALFS·OCHREPTS . OR THENTS FLUVENTS-AQUEPTS . 1+ ' ... +1 " AOUALFS

PLEISTOCENE

TRIASSIC JURASSIC

CARBONIFEROUS PERMIAN

ARCHAEAN

....

BOUNDARY, DISTRICT '" " POLICE STATION,

e, D, BLOCK ...

VLLAGE HAVING 5000 & ABOVE POPULATI:lN" URBAN AREA .. " . s STATE HIGHWAY ... " . " ...... , IMPORT ANT METALLED ROAD . . •. • . .. •. RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION, BROAD GALGE . RAILWAY UHf: WITH STA tION, NARROW GAUGE T RIVER .. 2,6,6,I A , , , , BANKURA UPLAND REGIONAL DIVISIONS 2,6,6.1B , , , . BANKURA UPLAND MACRO ., . 2,6,6,2 ,, " BANKURA BISHNUPUR RARH PLAIN 2,6,6,3 ,., . PATRASAIR PLAIN MES O .. , [READ THE SECUENeE OF REGIONAL DIVI SIONS WITH 2,6,6.4 •. ,. SELAI PLAIN MICRO .. . .., REFERENCE TO ALL INOlA MAP cODES UPTOJ TIERJ. 2,6.6,5 .•.. MIDDLE KASAl PLAIN SUB-MICROWI TH BOUNDARY. ..

Both the Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes have recorded 28.18 per cent and 12.46 per cent of the total population. The literacy rate is 41.33 per cent of the total population.

2.6.6.5.~ Middle Kasai Basin.

The region covers the north-western part of the district. This is mainly a plain area which shaped by the river Kasai flowing from north-west to south-east. The elevation of the region rises more towards the west and characterised by the laterite ridges and valleys. TIle ridges are ranging from 163 to 237 metres high and covered in some portions by forest growths and Sal trees. The brown and alluvial soils are found in the lower and southern part while red sandy. red loamy and black brcwn laterite soils occur in western part of the region.

In 6 C. D. Blocks, the region has 559 villages and 1 (one) town. It has a total population of 305, 424 of which 292, 159 (95.66 per cent) live in the rural areas and 13, 265 (4.34 per cen~ in I:he urban areas. The region has an area of 819.10 Km2 and its density is %0 persons per Km in the rural and 1766 persons per Km2 in the 'JIban areas. Regarding the working population, the main workers, marginal workers and non-work,~rs have recorded 37.89 per cent, 4.74 per cent and 57.37 per cent in the region. The proportions of Scheduled castes and Scheouled tribes are 23.52 per cent and 23.58 per cent in the region. Of the total population, 43.32 per cent are treated as literates.

'1fJ7 TABLE 1 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS District : BANKURA Census Location Code No. 14 State ; WEST BENGAL

No. of No. of T Area In T Population Region No. Villages In Towns in R Kmt. R and Name each each U U region region PersDns Males Females 1 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

2. 6.6. lA 402 0 T 66l.50 T 231707 119080 112627 Bankura R 66UO R 231707 119080 112627 Cpland U 0.00 U 0 0 0

2 6.6. IB 130 0 T 372.30 T 74530 37931 36599 Bankura R 372.30 R 74530 37931 36599 Lpland U O.DO U 0 0 0

2.6.6.2 1469 5 T 2768.00 T 1230289 630774 599515 Eankura R 2706.51 R 1020346 522332 498014 Eishnupur U 61.49 U 209943 108442 101501 Rarh Plain

2.6.6.3 596 T 1040.90 T 541532 276968 264564 Fatrasair R 103217 R 532262 272320 259942 Plain U 8.73 U 9270 4648 4622

2.6.6.4 668 0 T 1212.70 T 421583 215975 205608 ~elai Plain R 121270 R' 421583 215975 205608 U 0.00 U 0 0 . 0

1.. 6. 6. 5 559 T 81910 T 305424 156787 148637 Middle Kasai R 81159 R 292159 149878 142281 Basin U 7.51 U 13265 6909 6356

~'The summation of the area figures of the Police Stations under each district will not tally with the concerned district area ligures because the former represent those supplied by the State Director of Land Records and Survey while the later represents those supplied by the Surveyor General, India.

TABLE 2 REGIONWISE 'lLLAGE CODES, 1991 District : BANKURA Census Location Code No. 14 State : WEST BENGAL

LOtJItion Total No. of Area of Regional Division Code No. of Villages Division in Km2. Number C.D. Block Census Remarks lmd Name Villages Of C.D. In _. as per 1991 Block Division Total Rural Urban 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2.6.6. LA Saltorn 6 to 23.26,61 to 82 402 661.50 661.50 0.00 LC I to 5,24,25,27 to 00,69, Bankura 68.71 to 79.94 70,80 to 93,117 to 132,151, UplaIKI to 1l6,133 to 152 are in Region No. 150,153 to 157 2.6.6.2

Gangajalhati 73

Chhatna I to 49,53.67 10 163 LC 50 to 52,54 to 66,70 to 69,73 10 97.160 72,98 to 159,165,166,177 to 164,167 to 176, m,l90 to 200,220 to 238, 179 to 189,20] to m to 263,272,286 are in 219,239 to 257,264 Region No. 2.6.6.2 to 271,273 to 285

lndpur 1 to 90,95.96,120 93 LC 91 to 94,97 to 119 are , in Region No. 2.6.6.4 Khatrn-D 1 to 37,56,73,74, 60 LC 87 to 93,97 to J30,)32 76 to 86.94 to 96, are in Region No. 2.6.6.4 141 10146 268 Cl 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Khatra-I 131.139.140 LC 38 to 55.57 to 72.75 133 to 138 are in Re&ion No. 2.66.5 2,6 6. IB Ranibundh 29.34 to 39,56 to III 1.10 372.30 37230 0.00 LC 30 10 33. 40 to 55, 80 to Banwra 79.105 to 107. 104,1 OS. 109 are in Region Upl.md JlO to 186 No. 2.6.6.5

Raipur·I 88 to 94, 153 to 19 LC 121 to 125,186 to 191. 156.248 to 255 214 to 218 are in Region No. U.6.4 LC 95 to 120,126 to 152, 157 to 185,192 to 213.219 to 247 are in Region No. 2.6.6.5

2. h. 6. 2 Saltora 1 to 5.24.25.27 to 75 1469 2768.00 2706.51 61.49 LC 6 t) 23,26,61 to 68.71 to Bruil:ura 60.69.70.80 to 93, 5,bwos 79.94 to 116,133 to 150 are Bishnupur 117 to 132.151,152 in Regton No. 2.6.6.1A RlIJh Plain Mejhia 1\075 75

Barjora I to 45,47 to 129, 199 LC 46130 are Urbanised. 131 to 210

Gangajal- 1 to 72.74 to 165 164 LC 73 is in Region No. ghati 2.6.6.1A

Chhatna 50 to 52.54 to 66, 123 LC 53.67 to 69,73 to 97. 70 to 72,98 10 159. 160 te 164,167 to 176,179 to 165.166.177.178.190 189.2(1] to 219,239 10 257 to 200, 220 to 238, 264 Ie 271,273 to 285 are in 258 to 263,272,286 Regio] No. 2.6.6.lA

Bankura-I 55 to !O9.111 to 139, 145 LC 110.140 to 142,148 of 143 to 147.149 to 182. Bankura are in Region No. 184 to 200.217 to 221 2.6.6.-4.

Bankura-ll 1 10 54.201 to 203, 154 LC l'l3,204,20S,211 to 216, 206 to 210.222 to 217 (Part),227,228 are 226.229 to 315 Urbanised.

Onda I to 14.22 to 25. 268 LC 15 10 21,26 to 35,37, 36,38 to 278.284 to 279 to 283 are in Region 291 No. 2.6.6.4

Indpur 125.126 2

Vishnupur 1 to 99.102 to 108, 114 LC 97 (Part), 100,101 are 118.119.121 to 126 Urbanised. LC 109 10 117.120 are in Region No. 2.6.6.4

Sonamukhi 1,16.1810 53,55 to 112 LC 2 to 15,17,86,87,89 to 91 85,92 to 97.152 to 98 to 151 are in Region No. ISS 2.6.6.3 LC 38 is Urbanised. Palrasayer 104 10 106.135 to 26 LC 107 to 134,148 are in 147,149 to 158 Region No. 2.6.6.3

Jaypur 36 to 38.76 to 83. 12 LC 39,41,48 to 53,55,57 to 85 75 !:Te in Region No. 2.6.6.4

LC 40,42 to 47,54,56,84 are in Region No. 2.6.6.3

2.6.6.3 1 to 17,86.87 74 596 1040.90 1032.17 8.73 LC 16,18 10 53,55 to 85, Patrasalr 89 to 91.98 to 151 I Town 92 :0 97 are in Region PlaID No. 2.6.6.2

Patrasayer 1 to 48,50 to 103 133 LC 49 Urbanised. 107 to 134,148,159 LC 104 to 106,135 to 147 160 149 to 158 are in Region No 2.6.6.2

Jaypur 1 to 35,40.42 to 47 88 LC 39,41,48 to 53,55,57 to 54.56.84.86 to 128 75 are in Region No. 2.6.6.4

Indus 1 to 131 131 269 C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 9 Kotulpur 110 170 170

2.6 6.4 Bankura·J 110,140 to 142, 5 668 1212.70 1212.70 0.00 LC 111 (0 139,143 to 147 Selai 148 are in Region No. 2.6.6.1. Platt Onda 15 10 21,26 to 35, 23 LC 22 10 25, 36,38 to 278 37,279 to 283 are in Region No. 2.6.61

lndpur 91 to 94,97 to 119, 127 LC 95,96,120 are in Region 121 to 124,127 to No. 2.6.6.lA 222 LC m,126 are in Region No. 2.!i.6.2

Khatra·JI 87 to 93,97 to 107. 19 LC 94 to 96,131.139 to 146 129 are in Region No. 2.6.6.IA

Khalnl·I 108 to 128,130,132, 43 LC m to 138,147 to 188, 233 to 251,253 190,I9-U96 to 232,252 are in Region No. 2.6.6.5 LC m,191 to 193,195 Urbanised.

Raipur·n 30,36 to 40,121 to 22 LC 31 to 35,41 to 87, 125,186 to 191, 95 to 120,126 to 152, 214 to 218 IS7 to 185,192 to 213 are in Region No. 26.6.5 LC 88 to 94,153 to 156 are in Region No. 2.6.6.lB

SimIapaI I to 15,22,23,25 to 196 LC 16 to 21,24 are in 203 Region No. 2.6.6.5

TaJdangna 1 to 145 145

Vishnupur 109 to 111,120,127, 47 LC llS,1l9,121 to 126 10 163 are in Region No. 2.6.6.:!

ChhaIna 287,288 2

Jaypur 39,41,48 to 53,55, 39 LC 40,42 to 47,54,56 57 to 75,129 to 84,86 to 128 are in Region 139 No. 2.6.6.3 LC 71i to 83,85 are in Region No. 2.6.6.2

2.6.6.5 Khatra-I 133 10 138,150,151, 104 559 819.10 811.59 7.51 LC 189,191 to 193,195 Middle 156 to 188,190,194 1 Town Urbanised. KlSai 196 to 232.252,254 LC 87 to 93,97 to 130 Basin to 276 132,233 to 251,253 are in Region No. 2.6.6.4

Khatra·n 38 to 55,57 to 72. 42 LC 56,73,74,76 to 86, 75,147 to 149,152 9-4 to 96,131,139 to 146 10155 are irl Region No. 2.6.6.lA

Ranibundh 1 to 28,30 to 33, 75 LC 29,34 to 39,56 to 79 40 to 55,gO to l()4, 105 to 107 are in Region 108,109 No. 2.6.6.lB

Raipur·1 1 to 14,57 to 87,95 141 LC 30,36 to 40,121 to 10 107,139 to 152,157 to 125,186 to 191,214 to 172,201 to 205,234 to 218 are in Region No. 247,256 to 268,304,307 2.6.6.4 to 326

Raipur-n 15 to 29,31 to 35, 190 LC ~:8 to 94,153 to 156, 41 to 56.108 to 120, 248 ':0 255 are in Region 126 10 138,173 to No. 2.6.6.lB 185,192 to 200,206 to 213,219 to 233. 269 to 303,305,306, 327 to 372

Simlapal 16 to 21,24 7 LC 22,23 are in Region No. 2.6.6.4. 270 TABLE 3 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - TOTAL District: BANKURA Census Location Code No.14 State : WEST BENGAL

Region No. Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers Bnd Name Main Workers Marginal Workers NOD-Workers Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 I 9 I 10

2.6.6.IA 79323 58973 20350 11366 1700 9666 141018 58407 82611 Bankura Upland

2.6.6. IB 28450 19745 8705 4021 484 3537 42059 17700 24357 Bankura Uplafld

2.6.6.2 3859B4 312817 73167 36582 7280 29302 807723 310677 497046 Bankura Bishupur Rarh Plain

2.6.6.3 166623 147257 19366 9341 1580 7761 365568 128131 237437 Patrasair Plain

2.6.6.4 145494 109395 36099 9866 2577 7289 266223 104003 162220 Selai' Plain

2.6.6.5 il5717 80708 35009 14480 2037 12443 175227 74042 101185 Middle Kasai Plain

TABLE 4 DATA ON REGIOSAL DIVISIONS· RURAL Elistrict : BANKURA Census Location Code No. 14 State : WEST BENGAL

Region No. Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non • Workers and Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 I 9 I 10

2. 6. 6. lA 79323 58973 20350 11366 1700 9666 141018 58407 82611 Bankura Upland

2.6. 6. IB 28450 19745 8705 4021 484 3537 42059 17702 24357 Bankura Upland

2.6.6.2 327167 261451 65716 35634 6904 28730 657545 253977 403568 Bankura Bishupur Rarh Plain

2.6.6.3 163795 144836 18959 9231 1577 7654 359236 125907 233329 Patrasair Plain

2.6.6.4 145494 109395 36099 9866 2577 7289 266223 104003 162220 Selai Plain

2.6.6.5 112191 77472 34719 14359 2026 12333 165609 70380 95229 Middle Kasai Plain 271 TABLE S DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - URBAN District : BANKURA Census Location Code No. 14 State : WEST BENGAL

teglon No. Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers lIld Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males 1Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 I 9 I 10

2.6. 6. lA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bankura Upland

2.6.6. IB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bankura Upland

2.6.6.2 58817 51366 7451 948 376 572 150178 56700 93478 Bankura Bishupur Rarh Plain

2.6.6.3 2828 2421 407 110 3 107 6332 2224 4108 Patrasair Plain

2.6.6.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Selai Plain

2.6.6.5 3526 3236 290 121 11 110 9618 3662 5956 Middle Kasai Plain

TABLE (; DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS Di:!trict : BANKURA Census Location Code No. 14 State : WEST BENGAL

T Literates T Scheduled castes T Scheduled tribes legion No. R R R nd'Name U U U Persons I Males IFemales I'ersons I Males IFemales Persons I Males IFemales 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

'~. 6. 6. lA T 91962 65595 26367 T 66812 34361 32451 T 55301 28253 27048 .3ankura R 91962 65595 26367 R 66812 34361 32451 R 55301 28253 27048 'Jpland U 0 0 0 U 0 0 0 U 0 0 0

2. 6. 6. lB T 26026 19221 6805 T 6951 3584 3367 T 45496 22948 22548 .3ankura R 26026 19221 6805 R 6951 3584 3367 R 45496 22948 22548 Jpland U 0 0 0 U 0 0 0 U 0 0 0

'!_ 6. 6. 2 T 558537 360935 197602 T 398578 202875 195703 T 54010 27421 26589 Bankura R 423528 282413 141115 R :147557 176856 170701 R 52686 26684 26002 Bishnupur U 135009 78522 56487 U 51021 26019 25002 U 1324 737 587 .~arh Plain

L 6. 6. 3 T 233601 146006 87595 T 216974 110768 106206 T 10505 5368 5137 ?atrasair R 228701 143187 85514 R 214091 109340 104751 R 10486 5356 5130 J?lain U 4900 2819 2081 U 2883 1428 1455 U 19 12 7

2.6.6.4 T 174231 117265 56966 T t18782 60586 58196 T 52546 26631 25915 ;~elai Plain R 174231 117265 56966 R ~ 18782 60586 58196 R 52546 26631 25915 U 0 0 0 U 0 0 0 U 0 0 0

:z. 6. 6. 5 T 132317 91537 40780 T 71834 36904 34930 T 72048 36415 35633 :VIiddle Kasai R 124293 86348 37945 R 68190 35054 33136 R 71488 36125 35363 Basin U 8024 5189 2835 U 3644 1850 1794 U 560 290 270 272 STATEMENT ON REGIONWISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS District: BANKURA Census Location Code No. 14 State: West Bengal

S1. No.and name of Administrative No.. the Regional Divisions Geology Soils Physio-Cultural Characteristics Divisions Cc. D. Blocks) 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Division No. 1. Saltora Upper Ustalfs­ The region extends along the north­ 2.6.6.1 A 2. Gangajalghati Gandwana Ochrepts­ western boundary of the district. The Bankura 3. Chhama system, Lower Orthents. region is a part of Chotanagpur Upland 4. Indpur Gondawana plateau and posses the nature of 5. Khatra-II system undulating tenain features having 6. Khatra-I Anorthosites many hill spurs and ridges. The paraschists Biharinath and the Susunia are the two and gneisses prominent hill peaks in the region. of south Their relative heights are 452 metres Puruli ya and and 440 metres. The Biharinath is Bankura with lying in the north-western corner of epidiorites. the region and the Susunia on the Granite gneis:l northern border of Chhatna C. D. with Leptyrites Block. In view of river system, the and granulite Dwarakeswar or Dhalkiswar, the including Gandheswari and the Silabati or Silai pyroxene are flowing in the region. The granulite in Dwarakeswar is the most important Puruliya and river which originates from the Bankura Puruliya district and enters into chhatna C.D. Block of Bankura district and flowing towards south­ east. The Gandheswari rises in the north-west of the Susunia hill and flowing towards the south-east.

The soils of the region are lateritic red and brown hard beds. In the region, Sal and Mahua trees are growing, and in the low lying areas of the river valleys the Arnan crops are generally grown.

The region has 231, 707 persons living in 402 villages. The region is entirely rural in character and having an area of 661.50 Km2 with a density of 350 persons per Km2. In this upland region, the highest Percentage is recorded by non­ workers (60.86 per cent) whereas the main workers and marginal workers have shown 34.23 per cent and 4.91 per cent respectively. There are 28.83 per cent of Scheduled castes and 23.87 per cent of Scheduled tribes. As regards the literacy rate, this area has recorded 273 1 2 3 4 5 6 39.69 per cent of literates. The Saltora is the only importasnt centre in the region which is connected by roads only. The State highways (Nos. 2 and 4) and the railway line (broad gauge) are passing through this region.

2. Division No. 1. Rani bandh Paraschists Ustalfs- The region covers the south­ 2.6.6.1 B 2. Raipur - I and gneisses Ochrepts- western comer of the district. It is Bankura of south Orthents a small tract in the south and Upland Puruliya and Ustalfs- separated from the main continuation Bankura with Aqualfs- of the Bankura upland in the north epidiorites. Ochrepts. by the small and narrow strip of the Kasai plain extending westward. There are many small hills and ridges. The physiographic features of this region are similar to the region 2.6.6.1 A as explained earlier. The hillocks are ranging from 159 metres to 295 metres in height. The average altitude of the region is 100 metres above the mean sea level. There are many hill streams flowing in the region. The Sal forest and other trees cover the small hills of the region.

The soils found in the region are lateritic red a.nd brown hard beds. Arnan rice and Maize are generally grown in the region.

This region is entirely rural and having the smallest area of 372.30 Km2 with the lowest number of 130 villages in the;: district. It has a total population of 74, 530 and its density is 200 persons per Km2. Of the total population, there are 38.17 per cent of main workers, 5.40 per cent of marginal workers and 56.43 per cent of non-workers. The literacy rate is 34.92 per cent. In this upland area, the Scheduled tribes are more populated than Scheduled castes and Presented 61.04 per cent and 9.33 per cent of the total population. In the region there are no railway line and highways except one ordinary road, which connects the main centre Ranib[mdh. 274 1 2 3 4 5 6 3. Division No. 1. Saltora Allupium Aqualfs- The region extends between the 2.6.6.2 2. Mejhia upper Ochrepts- hilly region to the west and alluvial Bankura- 3. Barjora Gondwana Fluvents, plains to the east. The middle Bishnupur 4. Gangajolghati system, Ustalfs- portion of the region which rises Rarh Plain 5. Chhatna Anorthosites Ochrepts, gradually and fonns the undulating 6. Bankura-l Paraschists and Ustalfs- surface. In the region the elevations 7. Bankura-II gneisses of Aqualfs- • become more towards the west and 8.0nda south Puruliya Ochrepts. the land is interspersed with hillocks 9. Indpur and Bankura Ustalfs- and low ridges. The height of the 10. Vishnupur with Ochrepts- hillocks are ranging from 90 metres 1t. Sonamukhi epidiorites. Orthents. to 180 metres. 12. Patrasayer granite gneiss 13. Jaypur with Ieptyrites In the middle portion of the and granulite region the Dwarkeswar flows south­ including eastward while the Damodar flows pyroxene as a district boundary to the north. granulites. The Chouphari. the Sali and the Bodai are the tributaries of the Damodar. Whereas the Gandheswari and the Berai are the two main tributaries of Dwarakeswar river. The soil is sandy and alluvial. Arnan paddy, Sugar cane, Tobacco, Betal leaves and vegetables are grown in the region.

The region has 1469 villages and 5 towns in 13 C. D. Blocks. It has a tota] population of 1, 230. 289 of which 82.94 per cent (1, 020, 346) are in the rural areas and 17.06 per cent (209, 943) in the urban areas. Considerably, in this region there are 26.59 per cent of main workers, 2.90 per cent of marginal workers and 53.45 per cent of non-workers in the rural areas whereas 4.78 per cent of main worker:;;, 0.08 per cent of marginal warkers and 12.20 per cent of non-workers in the urban areas. Remarkably, the percentage of Scheduled castes (32.40 per cent) is higher than the Scheduled tribes (4.39 per cent). Of the total population, 45.40 per cent of literates are shown is the region. The region has an area of 2768.00 Km2 and has the densities of 377 persons per Km2 and 3414 persons per Km2 in rural and urban areas respectively. In the region J3rujora (NM), Bankura (M), Baliatore (NM). Bishnupur (M) 275 2 3 4 5 6 and Sonamukhi (M) are the important urban centres. The railways, roads and State highways (Nos. 2, 5 and 9) connect these important centres with other regions.

4. Division No. 1. Sonamukhi ·Recent Aqualfs­ The region lies in the eastern 2.6.6.3 2. Patrasair Alluvium Ochrepts­ most part of the district. It is a fertile Patrasair Plain 3. Jaypur Fluvents, deltaic plain area. The Damodar 4. Indus Fluvents­ flows on the north and forms the 5. Kotulpur Aquepts­ district boundary. The sali river as a Aqualfs. tributary flows to the Damodar. The river banks of Damodar are composed of loose sand and clay. During the flood, it causes submergence of many villages and other areas. On the other hand, this is very mm:h beneficial to the culti vators as fertile silts are depQsited on the fields. The Dwarakeswar or DhaIkiswar river with many tributaries is flowing in the region. The general slope is towards the south-east direction. The region has alluvial type of soils consisting of clay silts, sand and gravel which are generally reddish brown in colour. These soils are very much suited for growing of Aman Paddy, Sugar cane, Oilseeds, Tobacco and other vegetables and grown abundantly in the region.

There are 596 villages and one urban centre in 5 C. D. Blocks. It has a total population of 541,532 of

which 532, I 262 (98.29 per cent) reside in the rural areas and 9, 270 (1. 71 per cent) in the urban areas. Comparatively, the higher proportions of main workers (30.25 per cent), marginal workers (1.70 per cent) and non-workers (66.34 per cent) are found in the rural areas whereas the lower proportions of main workers (0.52 per cent), marginal workers (0.02 per cent) and non­ workers (1.17 per cent) are observed in the urban areas. [n the region only 1.94 per cent of Scheduled tribes is recorded and the Scheduled castes presented 40.07 276 2 3 4 5 6 per cent. The leteracy rate of the region is 43.14 per cent. The region has an area of 1040.90 Km2 and its density is 516 persons per .Km2 in the rural areas and 1, 062 persons per Km2 in the urban areas. Patrasair (NM) is the only urban centre in the region, which is connected by railway line and other roads with other areas.

5. Division No. 1. Bankura - r Alluvium old Ustalfs­ The region is a plain area and it 2.6.6.4 2.0nda Alluvium, Aqualfs­ extends in the south central part of Selai Plain 3. Indpur Laterite Ochrepts, the district. The topography, however 4. Khatra - II Anorthosites Ustalfs­ is a bit undulating and the general 5. Khatra - I Paraschists and OChrepts­ slope is towards south-east. The gneisses of Orthents. Silabati CSilai) is the main river south PuruliY,l flowing in the region. It rises from and Bankura the Puniliya district and enters Bankura with epidiorites district near Salanpur village in C. D. Granite gneiss Block Indpur. The Jaypandah is the with leptyrites main tributary of Silai river and and granulite which rises in the village chaitandihi including of C. D. Block Indpur and flows pyroxene southwards through C. D. Blocks granulites. Taldangra and Simlapal. It meets the Silai at the village Bhutsaha near the district boundary. The elevation reaches 100 metres towards the south-east of the region.

The soils are red sandy and shallow black brown found in the south­ eastern part, whereas the red loamy and alluvial soils occur in the northern part of the region. These types of soils are more suited for cultivation mainly for Arnan paddy. Other crops such as Sugar cane and Potatoes are also grown in the region.

In the region, there are 421, 583 persons residing in 668 villages. Of the total population, 34.51 per cent of main workers, 2.34 per cent of marginal workers and 63.15 per cent of non-workers are found in this Selai plain asrea. The Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes constituted 28.18 per cent and 12.46 per cent respectively. The literacy 277 1 2 3 4 5 6 rate of the region is 41.33 per cent. The region is entirely rural in character. It has an area of 1212.70 Krn2 and its density is 348 persons per Km2. In the region there is no railway line except State highway (No.9) and other roads. The important centres such as Taldanga and Simlapal are connected by this State highway with the headquarters of Bankura. There is a lack of communication facility in the region.

6. Division No. 1. Khatra - II Alluvium, Ustalfs- The region extends in the south­ 2.6.6.5 2. Khatra - I older Alluvium, Ochrepts- western part of the district. This is Midc!Je 3. Ranibundh Laterite Orthents, a plain area and the elevation is Kasai 4. Raipur-l Paraschists Ustalfs- more pronounced towards the west Basin 5. Raipur-II and gneisses Aqualfs- and the land is more undulating. 6. Simlapal of south Ochrepts, The river basin of the Kasai Puruliya and Fluvents- becomes narrow. It rises from the Bankura with Aquepts- Puruliya district and enters the epidiorites Aqualfs. Bankura district in P. S. Khatra. It Granite forms the boundary between P. S. Gneiss with Khatra and P. S. Ranibandh. It Leptyrites and flows in a southerly course. The gninulite Kumari and the Ambikanag~ are including the main tributaries of the Kasai pyroxene river. There are some ridges and granulites. valleys covered with sparsed forest of scrubs and Sal trees.

Red sandy., red loamy and black brown type of laterite soils are found in the western part, whereas the brown and alluvial soils occur in the lower and southern parts of the region. The low valley areas are more suited for growing of Aman Paddy. Sugar cane and Potatoes are also grown in the region.

In the region there are 559 villages and one town in 6 C. D. Blocks. It ha.s a total population of 305, 424 of which 95.66 per cent (292, 159) are in the rural areas and 4.34 per cent (13, 265) in the urban areas. The region has an area of 819.10 Km2 and its density is 360 persons per Km2 in the rural areas and 1766 persons per Km2 in the urban areas. In the region, Khatra (NM) is the only urban centre which 278 1 ____~2~ ______~3 ______4______~5 ______6______is connected by the State highway (No.4). While Raipur is connected by the State highways (No.4 and 9). In the region there is no railway line. Of the total populatin, 36.73 per cent of main workers, 4.70 per cent of marginal workers and 54.22 per cent of non-workers are shown in the rural areas and 1.16 per cent of main workers, 0.04 per cent of marginal workers and 3.15 per cent of non-workers are recorded in the urban areas. Both the Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes have presented 23.52 per cent and 23.58 per cent respectively. As regards the litercy rate, 43.32 per cent of literates are recorded in the region.

279 DISTRICT BIRBHUM REGIONAL DIVISIONS

The extends between 230 32'30"and 240 35'O"North latitudes and between 87 0 05'25 "and 880 01'40"East longitudes. It is bounded by the district of Samhal Pargana of Bihar 011 the north and west, by the districts of Murshidabad and Barddhaman on the east and by Barddhaman on the south. The region covers 2464 villages and 7 urban centres falling in 14 C. D. Blocks. There are 2, 555, 664 persons of whlch 2, 326. 101 (91.02 per cent) live in the rural and 229, 563 (8.98 per cent) in the urban areas. The region has an area of 4538.40 Km2 and presents the density of 519 persons per Krn2 and 3, 801 persons per Km2 in the rural and urban areas respectively. The district accounts for 30.42 per cent of main workers 2.73 per cent of marginal workers and 66.85 per cent of non - workers. lBoth the Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes have 30.68 per cent and 6.95 per cent respectively in the region. The literacy rat{~ is 39.32 per cent of the total population

The district is a part of Rarh Plain and the topography is very much similar to the Rarh areas of Bankura and Medinipur districts. The western portion is the descent from the Chotanagpur p:lateau to the south and south-east. The land surface of the entire area of the district is broken by a succession of undulations. The general slope: of this district is from north-wl~st to south-east. The river valleys, in the south and south-east become shallow and gradually merge mto the broad alluvial pJains of the Gangetic delta. The district is drained by the rivers viz. Mayurakshi and Ajay and other strems. During the rainy season, the water channels overflow their banks and inundate the surround­ ir,g areas. As regards the geological structures, the district has Recent Pleistocene (sub-recent), Jurassic-Cretaceons, Carboniferous-Permian and Archaean formation. The soils found in the district are Aqualfs-U stalfs, Aqualfs-Ochrepts-Orthents, Aqualfs-Fluvents-Aquents, Aqualfs-Ochrepts­ Fluvents, Ustalfs-Ochrepts-Aquepts, Fluvents-Aquepts-Aqualfs.

In view of the nature of topography, the district has been divided into four sub-micro regions.

2,,6.6.1-Nalbati Plain

The region extends on the northern p01tion of the district and characterised by some ridges which are at places as high as hills along the western boundary with state of Bihar. These ridges are the extension of Rajmahal hills. The max imum heights are from 70 to 80 metres. The larger portion of the region is plain area. The reneral slope is towards north and north-east as evident by the flow of the rivers. The region is drained by the two prominent rivers viz. the Pagla and the Basloi. The region has laterite soils mixed with recent alluvium.

There are 205 villages and 1 (one) urban centre falling 4 C. D. Blocks. It has a total population of 392, 715 residing in an area of 512.70 Km2. Of the total population, the rural and urban account for 94.70 per cent and 5.30 per cent respective~. The density of population is 735 persons per Km2 in the rural areas and 3, 127 persons per Km in the urban areas. There are 27.41 per cent of main workers, 1.85 per cent of marginal workers and 70.74 per cent of non-workers. The percentage of Scheduled castes (22.10 per cent) is more than Scheduled tribes (3.02 per cent). Regarding the literacy rate, the region has presented 28.67 per cent of the total population.

2.6.6.2-BrabaOlani-Mayurakshi Basin.

The region lies between the Brahamani river on the north and the on the south. It has been characterised by its uneven surface configuration. The region is sloping from west to east. But the Dwarka takes a north-easterly bend and the Mayurakshi south.-easterly direction in the Mohammad Bazar and Mayur,!swar areas. The land sinks into undulations on the south of the Mayurakshi. However, some plain areas are found on the further eastward. The land between the Dwarka and the Mayurakshi and to the extreme south-east of the P. S. become flat and are found large water bodies. fn the region, there are red sandy and red loamy soils of the older alluvium. The soils are loose and friable. 280 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 34

WEST BENGAL GEOL OGY Kill 10 10 20 Km DISTRICT BIRBHUM' CENSUS CODE 17 REGIONAL DIVISIONS .. "" 5~.. ~ ====~.. ...10t=~~ 1 5~.. ~20====~25 K~ - BOUNDARY, STATE, ., " DISTRICT. .. " POliCE STATION " C. D. BLOCK .. . VILLAGE HAVING 5000 AND ABOVE PO,PULA TION • ru.. PLEISTOCl:HE URBAN AREA . .. v v JURASSIC CIUHACiOUS STATE HIGHWAY I IMPCRT ANT METALLED ROAD ~/-­ ~ RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION, BROAD GAUGE ... .J CAft80NIFEROUS 'EII:MlAN NARROW GAUGE " " ARCHAEAN RIVER

REGIONAL DIVISIONS ... 2 . • . 6. l I , I I MACRO MESO MICRO

SUB-MICRO WITH BOUND~RY RESE RVE FOREST WITH NAME .. .

2. 6. 6. I. NALHA n PLAIN 2. 6. 6. 2 .•B RAHMANI- MAYURAI

SOIL I(II,Q 10

AQUALf'lS .. UST ALFS B AQUAlF$ .. OCHRE,n­ ORTH£H1S 5 "QUAlFS - f'tU't'I!NTS .. AQUEHTS • AQUAlFS .. OC~EPTS_FLUYE.HTS o " USTAlFA-QCHft£'TS_AOUEPTS o

... fLUYENTS _ AQUE'TS .. "QUALFS [RE"D THE SEQUENCE OF REGION"L DIVISIONS WITH REFERENCE TO ALL ~ 104"" CODES UPTO 3 TIER]

The region falls in 11 C. D. Blocks comprisi¥ 811 villages and 2 urban centres. It has a total population of 924,554 in an area of 146950 Km . Of the total population the region accounts fm 92.07 per cent (851255) in the rural areas and 7.93 per cent (73, 299) in the urban areas. Its rural density is 584 persons per Km2 and urban density is 5, 647 persons per Km2. The region accounts for 30.00 per cent of main workers, 2.52 per cent of marginal workers and 67.48 per cent of non-workers. Comparatively, the percentage of Scheduled castes (32.86 per cent) is higher than Scheduled tribes (6.04 per cent). The literacy ~ate is 40.79 per cent.

2.c».6.3-Suri-Bolpur Plain.

The region covers the south-eastern palt of the district. It exhibits thl! upland topography sloping from north-west to south-east. The sal and Bakreswar rivers drain the region from north­ west to south-east. The right bank of the sal ri\ler displays the severe erosion and resulting into bad land topography. In the south-east, the upland ridges slope gradually and the valley portions become shallow and form the broad alluvial plains of the Gangetic delta. The Ajay river, to the south of th,! region, dominates the landscape with its shallow and sandy beds. the Sal forests interspersed with scanty grass are flourished on the ridges. There lies the cultivated land with tanks and other water bodies mainly to the north of the sal river. The soil varies from red sandy.. red loamy and older alluvium in the south-western to brown and recent alluvium in the central and south-eastern part of the region.

The region has 940 villages and two urban centres in 8 C. D. Blocks. Its total population is 892,954 of which 785, 896 (88.01 per cent) reside in the rural areas and 107,058 (11.99 per cen~ in the urban areas. The region has an area of 1624.60 Km2 and its density is 491 persons per 2 K;:n in the rural areas and 4, 735 persons per Km in the urban areas. The literacy rate is 42.61 per cent of the total population. Both the Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes have shown 30.87 per cent and 8.60 per cent respectively. In terms of working population, this plain area has 31.43 p{,:r cent of main workers, 2.68 per cent of marginal workers and 65.89 per cent of non - workers.

2.6.6.4-Bakreswar Upland

The region extends over the western portions of the district from Khoyrasole to Mahammad Bazar and . This portion is the heavily dissected plateau of Santhal Pargana projecting south and south-westward. On the west the highlands are located on the hard impervious crystalline rocks (Archaeans). The undulations rise into high ridges near the western boundary capped by laterite and separated by wide valleys. In the region the elevation of the ridges are ranging from 713 to 110 metres above the mean sea level. The large spurs are covered with sal forests and the valley portions are cultivated. The region is drained by the rivers such as Dwarka, Mayurakshi, Bakreswar, Ajay, Sal and Hingla flowing to\\ ards the east and south-east. The soil is generally laterite mixed with alIuvium. It is reddish loose and friable containing ferruginous concretions.

The re~ion has 6 C. D. Blocks which c)ver 508 villages and 2 urban centres. It has an area 0: 931.60 Krn inhabited by 345,441 persons of which 317, 059 (91.78 per cent) live in the rural a'eas and 28, 382 (8.22 per cent) in the urballl areas. It has the rural density of 347 persons per Km2 and urban density of 1, 565 persons per Km2 respectively. Of the total population, 32.36 per cent of main workers, 4.38 per cent of marginal workers and 63.26 per cent of non-workers are s:lown in the region. The percentage of Scheduled castes (34.11 per cent) is. more than Schduled tribes (9.57 per cent). As regards the literacy rate, 38.97 per cent of the total population are presented as literates in the region.

283 TABLE 1 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS Di!ltrict : BIRBHUM Census Locntion Code No. 17 State : WEST BENGAL

No. of No. of T Area in T Population Region No. Villages in towns In R Kml. R and Name each each U U Persons Males Females region region [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

,~. 6. 6. 1 205 T 512.70 T 392715 200560 192155 R 506.04 R 371891 18~t872 182019 Plain U 6.66 U 20824 106g8 10136

:~. 6. 6.2 811 2 T 1469.50 T 924554 476958 447596 13rahmani R 1456.52 R 851255 438682 412573 Mayurakshi U 12.98 U 73299 38276 35023 ')asin

'!, 6. 6. 3 940 2 T 1624.60 T 892954 45806~ 434885 :5uri.Bolpur R 1601.99 R 785896 40;~691 383205 :>Iain U 22'.61 U 107058 55378 51680

,2.6,6.4 508 2 T 931.60 T 345441 177698 167743 'Bakreswar R 913.46 R 317059 162861 154198 Upland U lK14 U 28382 14837 13545

·The summation of the area figures of the Police Statiom. under each district will not tally with me concerned district area figures because the former represent those supplied by the State Director of Land Records and Survey while the later represents :hose supplied by the Surveyor General, India.

TABLE 2 REGIONWISE VILLAGE CODES, 1991 District : BIRBHUM Census Location Code No. 17 State : WEST BENGAL

Location Total N(). of Area of Regional )ivision Code No. of Villagols Division in Kml. ~umber C.D. Block Census Remarks llld Name Villages OfC.D. In as per 1991 Block [)ivision Total Rural Urban 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2. 6. 6.1 -l 1 to 44, 48 to 50, 82 205 512.70 506.04 6.66 LC 52 is partly Nalhati 52(1'art), 98 to 132 I Town loca':ed in Murarai I'lain ·r and Mararai·J] and counted as one village.

Murarni-ll 45 to 47,51 ,52(Part) 69 53 to 97,133 to 151

Nalhati·1 I to 20. 54 to 73, 97 46 LC 21 to 52, 74 to 98.100 to 103 96,99 are in Regi- on No, 2.6.6.2 Nalhati-ll 104 to III 8 LC 53 is Urbanised. 2.6.6.2 Nalhati-} 21 to 52,74 to 90, 53 811 1469.50 1456.52 12.98 LC 54 to 73,97 '3rahmani· 93,94,96,99, 2 Towns 98,100 to 111 are ,\l:ayurakshi in Region No . .3asin 2.6.1).1 Nalhati·1I 91,92.95.tl2 to 147 39

Rampurhat·I 1 to 35,38 to 6O(Part) 114 LC n,78,107,108 61,64 to 76.79 to 92, are not existing 95 to 106,109 to 111, as ~er D.C.H, 113 to 116.143 to ISO, LC 60 is partly 152,153 located in Rampur- not·1 & II and counted as one village (P. S. ).

284 ), C 1 : 2 3 =J 4 5 6 7 8 9 Rampurhat-ll 6O(Pan), 62,63,93.94 95 LC 3627 are in 112,:17 to 142,151. Region NO. 2.6.6.4 154 to 215 LC 59 to 63,93.94, 112.117 to 142,151. Mayureswar-J I to 62.64.66 to 75, 114 154 to 1.15 belong 84 to 86.94 to 97,140 to to newly created 142.147 to 175.180.245 Margram P. S.

Ma~war-n 63,65.76 to 83,87 to 93, l3l 98 to lJ9.143 to 146.176 to 179.181 to 244.

Mohammad 2 to 36.64,66 to 84, 106 LC 1,37 to 63,65. Bazar 104 to 112.117 to 158 85 to 103.113 to 116 are in Region No. 2.6.6.4

Suri-l 2 to 5. 10 to 28 23 LC 6.30 are in Region No. 2.6.6.3

Suri·n 29.31 LC 7 tJ 9 are not existing as per DCH.

Sainlhia 1 to 29, 32 to 35. 102 LC 36.95,96 are 37 to 43, 46. not existing as per 761094, DCH. 97 to 138 LC 30, 31, 44, 45, 47 10 '15 are in Regior No. 2.6.6.3

Labpur 1 to 18, 87,95,96, 32 LC 19 to 71,74,76 135 to 145 to 86,1:& to 94,97 to 134 are in Region No. 2.6.6.3 LC 72,73,75 are not existing as per DCH.

2.6.6.3 94 to 96.127,128,148. 89 940 1624.60 1601.99 22.61 LC 97 to 104,107 Suri-Bolpur 150 to 168.172 to 235 2 Towns to l09,lli to 126. Plain 129 (e> 134. 141 10 147,149,169 to 171 are in Region No. 2.6.6.4 LC 105.106,110 135 to 140 are not e,isting as per DCH.

Suri-l 6,76.89 to 97,104 10 42 LC 7 109,101 106,112 to 115,118 to to 103,149,150 122,124 to 129,132 10 are not exisling 144 as pel' DCH.

Suri-II 30,32 to 75,77 to 88, 92 LC 11) to 29,31 9810100,145 to 148, are in Region No, 151 to 178 2.6.6.2 LC 107 to 1Il.1I6, 117.123.130,131 are iT. Region No. 2.6.6.4 LC 145 (0 148, 151 to 178 belong 10 newly created Pann:i P. S.

lllambazar 1,2,4 10 6,9,10,12 to 134 LC 3,7,8,137 to 30,32,136,149 in Po S. 148 !tre not exi- Paruui (Part) 11,31, sting as per DCH 39 w 135 in P. S. LC 1.2,4 to 6,9, lllarnbaw 10,12 to 30,32, 33 to 38 of lllambll2ar 136,) 49 belong to newly created Panrui P. S.

285 C 1 2 :.\ 4 S 6 7 S 9 30,31,44.45,47 to 75, 89 l..C 32 to 35,37 139 to 161. 169,201 to to 43,46 to 94, 203.206 to 234 in P. S. 97 to 138 are in Sainthia Region No. 2.6.6.2

J62 10 168,]70 10 200, 40 LC 36;~5,96 are 104.205 in P. S. not existing as Panrui. ~ OCR. l..C 162 to J68, 170 to 200 belong to Pamui P. S.

BoJpur. I 10 21,33 to 48,57 42 LC 97 Urbanised to 6Q,62 in P. S. I to 21,33 10 48, Panrui 57 to (o(J,62 22 to 32,49 to 56,61, 127 belong to 63 to 96, 98·170 in Panrui P. S. P. S. lllambazar

Labpur 1910 71.74,76 to 86, 147 LC 7273,75,153 gS to 94,97 to 134,146 are not existing to 152,154 to 1&3 as per OCR. LC I to 18,87, 95,96,J35 to 145 are in Region No. 2.·5.6.2

Nanoor 1 to 42, 44 to 139 138 LC 43 is not existing as per DCH.

2. 6.6.4 Rampurhat-I 36.37 2 508 931.60 913.46 18.14 Bacreswar 2 fowns Uplond Mohammad 1,31 to 63, 52 LC 2 .0 36,64, Bazar 65, 85 to lG3, 66 to 34,104 to 113 to 116 H2 are in Region No. 2.6.6.2

Rajnagar 1 to 81, 84 to 97, 99 LC 82,83,98,99, 100, 103, 104, 136 1OI.l(l2,105 to 135 are not existing as per DCH.

Khoyrasol 1 to 6,7,8 to 24, 170 LC 25 not existing 26 to 69,113-117, as per DCH. 119·170 in P. S. LC 7(1 to 112, Khoyrasol 70-lI2, 11B,I'71 belong 118, 171 in P. S. to Kankartala Kankartala P. S.

DubrajpUf 1 to 41,43 to 80, 136 LC 42,81,105, 82 to 93, 91 to 104, 106,LO,135 to 107 to 109, HI to 140 are not 126, 129 to 134, existing as per 141 to 147,149, OCH 169 to 171,236 LC 94 to 96,127, 128,148,150 to 168,172 to 235 are in Region No. 2.6.6.3

Surl·I 1,107 to 111,116,117 49 LC 2 to 5,10 to 29, 123,130,131,179 to 31 an: in Region 216 No. 2.6.6.2 LC 6.30,32 to 100, 104 tl) 106.112 to 115,11& 10122,124 to 129,132 t() 148, 151 b) 178 are in Regieon No. 2.6.6.3 LC 7 to 9, 101 10 103, 149, 150 not existing as per DCH.

286 TABLE 3 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - TOTAL District : BIRBHUM Ceusus Lol:ation Code No. 17 State : WEST BENGAL

Region No. 'IOta) Main We.rkers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers and Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers [ Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 I 9 I 10

2.6.6. 1 107648 101175 6473 7262 1126 6136 277805 98259 179546 Nalhati Plain

2.6.6.2 277384 244628 32756 23304 3720 19584 623866 228610 395256 Brahmani Mayurakshi Basin

2. 6. 6. 3 280672 240891 39781 23966 3591 20375 588316 213587 374729 Suri-Bolpur Plain

2. 6. 6. 4 111778 90736 21042 15134 2917 12217 218529 84045 134484 Balcreswar Upland

TABLE 4 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS • RURAL D'istrict : BIRBHUM Census Loc::ation Code No. 17 State : WEST BENGAL

,Region No. Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers md Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females PersolllS I Males I Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 I 9 L 10

2. 6. 6. 1 102119 96080 6039 7169 1094 6075 262603 92698 169905 Nalhati Plain

2.6.6.2 257715 226712 31003 23117 3617 19500 570423 208353 362070 Brahmani Mayureswar Basin

2.6.6.3 251829 215138 36691 23533 3422 20lll 510534 184131 326403 Suri -Bolpur Plain

2. 6. 6. 4 103685 83809 19876 14704 2837 11867 198670 76215 122455 Bakreswar Upland

287 TABLE 5 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - URBAN District : BIRBHUM Census Loatlon Code No. 17 State : WEST BENGAL

Region No. Total Mmn Workers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers and Name Mmn Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers [ Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 I 9 I 10

2.6.6. 5529 5095 434 93 32 61 15202 5561 9641 Nalhati PlaiD

2.6.6.2 19669 17916 1753 187 103 84 53443 20257 33186 Brahmani Mayurakshi Basin

2.6.6.3 28843 25753 3090 433 169 264 77782 29456 48326 Suri-Bolpur Plain

2.6.6.4 8093 6927 1166 430 80 350 19859 7830 12029 Bakreswar Upland

TABLE 6 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS Census Location Code No. 17 District : BIRBHUM State : WEST BENGAL

T Literates T Scheduled castes T Scheduled tribes ~egion No. R R R md Name U U U Persons I Males IFemales Persons I Males IFemales Persons I Males IFemales 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

2. 6. 6. 1 T 112585 73659 38926 T 86790 44605 42185 T 11851 5904 5947 Nalhati R 102487 67704 34783 R 83335 42852 40483 R 11667 5811 5856 Plain U 10098 5955 4143 U 3455 1753 1702 U l84 93 91

2.6.6.2 T 377123 238024 139099 T 303830 156942 146888 T 55816 28212 27604 Brahmani R 335147 213142 122005 R Z83616 146611 137005 R 54414 27519 26895 Maurakshi U 41976 24882 17094 U 20214 10331 9883 U 1402 693 709 Basin

2.6. 6. 3 T 380445 232469 147976 T 'Z75621 141222 134399 T 76769 38793 37976 Suri-Bolpur R 314493 194579 119914 R ~51224 128762 122462 R 74959 37884 37075 Plain U 65952 37890 28062 U 24397 12460 ]1937 U 1810 909 901

2.6.6.4 T 134621 88159 46462 T 117821 60708 57113 T 33065 16931 16134 Bakreswar R 121397 79840 41557 R 110891 57204 53687 R 32259 16506 15753 Upland U 13224 8319 4905 U 6930 3504 3426 U 1106 425 381

288 STATEMENT ON REGIONWISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS District: BIRBHUM Census Location Code No. 17 State: West Bengal S1. No.and name of Administrative No. the Regional Divisions Geology Soils Physio-Cultural Characteristics Divisions (C. D. Blocks) 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Division No. l. Murarai-I Alluvium Aqualfs­ The region covers the northern 2.6.6.1 2. Murarai II older Fluvents­ portion of the district. It may be Nalhati Plain 3. alluvium, Aquents, assumed as a plain area. There are 4. Nalhati II Laterite Ustalfs­ some ridges along the north-western Rajmahal Ochrepts­ boundary with the state of Bihar. Trap Aquepts. These are the extensions of the low Rajmahal hills. However, most of the region is characterised by the presence of slight ridges. The general slope is towards north, north-east as indicated by the flow of the Pagla and Bansloi rivers. The general height of this region is from 70 to 80 meb~es reasonably.

The soil of the region is laterite nodules mixed with alluvium. There is no forests but in some places scattered trees with scrubs are found growing.

The region comprises 205 villages and 1 (one) urban centre falling in 4 C. D. Blocks. It has 392, 715 persons inhabiting in an area of 512.70 K.m2. The rural ami urban have recorded 94.70 per cent and 5.30 per cent of the total population respectively. The density of :/opulation is 735 persons per Km in the rural areas and 3, 127 persons per Km2 in the urban areas. The rural areas have shown 26.00 per cent of main workers 1.83 per cent of marginal workers and 66.87 per cent of non­ workers whereas 1.41 per cent of main workers, 0.02 per cent of marginal workers and 3.87 per cent of non-workers are recorded by the single town of the region. The region is cha:racterised by 28.67 per cent of literates. Comparatively, the percentage of Scheduled castes (22.10 per cent) is more than Sched­ uled tribes (3.02 per cent). The Nalhati (NM) is the only town of the region. The railway lines and the 289 1 __--~2------3------4------5------6------State highway (No.5) are passing through the region and connecting it with other important centres of the district. 2. Division No. 1. Nalhati-I Older Ustalfs- The region extends between the 2.6.6.2 2. Nalhati-II Alluvium Ochrepts- basins of the Braharnani in the north Brahmani- 3. Rampurhat-I Laterite Aquepts, and the Mayurakshi in the south. Mayurakshi 4. Rampurhat-II Rajmahal Aqualfs- The Mayurakshi enters the district Basin 5. Mayureswar-I Trap Ustalfs, from the Santhal Pargana a little 6. Mayureswar-II Fluvents- north of the village of Haripur at a 7. Mohammad Aquepts- height of 75 metres. It flows Bazar Aqualfs. through the (:entre of the district 8. Suri-I from west to east and forms the 9. Suri-II southern boundary of P. S. Mayureswar. 10. Sainthia The also enters the 11. Labpur district at Narayanpur from the Santhal Pargana and falls into the Dwarka in the Murshidabad district. The Tripita nalla flows, eastward from the Santhal Pargana and joins the Brahamani river at the left bank. Topographically, the general slope of the region is from west to east. The with many tributaries is flowing from west to north­ easterly direction in P. S. Mayureswar and Rampurhat.

The region has red sandy soils of older alluvium. It is a reddish loose soils consisting of sand and clay. Aman paddy is the principal crop of the region. Besides it, Rabi crops are also grown by the help of irrigation in the region.

There are 924, 554 persons located in 811 villages and 2 urban centres. Of the total population 92.07 per cent reside in the rural and 7.93 per cent in the urban areas. The region has an area of 1469.50 Km2 and the density of 584 persons per Km2 in the rural areas and 5, 647 persons per Krn2 in the urban areas respectively. In this area, higher proportions of main Workers (27.87 per cent), marginal workers (2.50 per cent), and non-workers (61.70 per cent) are found in the rural areas whereas lower percentages of main workers (2.13 per cent), marginal workers 290 2 3 4 5 6 (0.02 per cent) and non-workers (5.78 per cent) are shown in the urban areas. The literacy rate is 40.79 per cent of the total population. Both the Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes have presented 32.86 per cent and 6.04 per cent respectively in the region. Rampurhat (M), and Saint.hia eM), are the two prominent towns in the region. These are connected by the railway line (Broad Gauge), State highway (Nos. 11, 6 and 5) and other important roads with other main centres of the district.

3. Division No. 1. Dubrajpur Alluvium, Fluvents­ The region lies over the south­ 2.6.6.3 2. Suri-l Older Aqualfs­ eastern part of the district. It Suri-Bolpur 3. Suri-II Alluvium Aquepts, presents an upland topography in Plain 4. Illampur Laterite Aqualfs­ between the Mayurakshi and the 5. Sainthia Ochrepts­ Ajay rivers. The general slope is 6. Bolpur­ Fluvent, from north-west to south-east. The Sriniketon Aqualfs­ Ajay dominates the landscape with 7. Labpur Ustalfs. its shallow arld sandy beds in the 8. south. There is a linear pattern of settlement on the left bank. The Bakreswar, the Sal and the Chandrabhanga rivers are also flowing in the region from north­ west to south.. east. The right bank of Sal river displays the gully erosion resulting into badland topography to the north of Sriniketan and adjoining areas in P. S. Bolpur. ]n the south-east, the upland ridges slope gradually and the valley portions become shallow forming the broad a1luvial plains of the Gangetic delta.

The soil of the region is sandy and red in colour in the western area, shallow black, brown loose and friable in the south-eastern part are brown and alluvial in the central part of the region. Paddy, wheat, peas, sugar cane and tobacco are grown in the region. Whereas the large ridges are covered with sal forests which are interspersed with scanty grasslands.

291 2 3 4 5 6 The region covers 8 C. D. Blocks comprising 940 villages and two urban centres. It has a total population of 892, 954 of which 88.01 per cent are found in the rural areas and 11.99 per cent in the urban areas. The region has an area of 1624.60 Krn2 and the density of population is 491 persons per Km2 in the rural areas and 4, 735 persons per Krn2 in the urban areas. In this plain area, higher proportions of main workers (28.20 per cent), marginal workers (2.64 per cent) and non­ workers (57.17 per cent) are recorded in the rural areas whereas the proportions of main workers (3.23 per cent), marginal workers (0.05 per cent ) and non workers (8.71 per cent) are found in the urban areas. Similarly, the percentage of Scheduled castes (30.87 per cent) is higher than Scheduled tribes (8.60 per cent). Regarding t.he literacy rate, this plain area has presented 42.61 per cent of the total population. The Bolpur (M) and Suri (M) are the two urban centres of the region which are well connected by railway lines and roads. The State highways (No.9, 6 and 5) connect lllampur, Dubrajpur, Suri and Labpur police stations. On the other hand, Nanoor and Panrui are connected by the road only in the region.

4. Division No. 1. Rampurhat-I Older Aqualfs­ The region extends on the western 2.6.6.4 2. Mohammad Alluvium. Ustalfs, portions of the district which are at Bakreswar Bazar laterite Fluvents­ the base of the heavily dissected Upland 3. Rajnagar Rajmahal Aquepts­ plateau of Santhal Pargana Projecting 4. Khoyrasol Trap. Aqualfs, south and south-eastwards. There 5. Dubrajpur Lower Aqualfs­ are many undulations in the east of . 6. Suri-l Gondwana Ochrepts­ the region. The highlands to the west System Fluvents. are located on the hard impervious Granite gneis~;es crystalline rocks (Archaeans) near the with teptyrites western boundary and at places the and granulite undulations rise into high ridges including (laterite) which are separated by the pyroxene wide valleys. The ridges range granulites. from 78 metres to 100 metres high 292 2 3 4 5 6 above the mean sea level. The region is generally sloping from north-west to south-east The Mayurakshi, the Sal, the Bakreswar, the Hingla and the Ajay are the :unportant rivers which drain the region. The Ajay rises in the Chotanagpur hills of Bihar and enters the Birbhum district at the south­ west of the region. This river flows in a winding course towards the south-easterly direction which forms the distriCl boundary with Barddhaman district. The Hingla river also originates from the Santhal Pargana and falls as a tributary to the Ajay river.

The soil is generally laterite mixed with alluvium. The soil is mostly reddish loose friable laterite containing felTuginous conceretions in its compos.ition. The soil is not fertile and the crops are grown in irrigation schemes of the Mayurakshi canal project and Hingla: project. By the help of these schemes, large barren degraded upland areas have also been aforestated. The sal trees with scrubby plants are found growing in the region.

In the regi.on there are 345, 441 persons inhabiting in an area of 931.60 Km2. Of the total population 91.78 per cent (317, 059) are recorded in the rural areas and 8.22 per cent (28, 382) in the urban areas. As regards, the d,~nsity of population the rural area has 347 persons per Km2 and the urban area 1, 565 persons per Km2 respectively. In respect of working population, higher proportions of main Walkers (30.02 per cent), marginal workers (4.26 per cent) and non-workers (57.51 per cent) are shown in th.e reral areas whereas lower proportions of main workers (2.34 per cent), marginal workers (0.12 per ctmt) and non-workers (5.75 per cent) are shown in the urban areas. Both the Scheduled 293 1 2 3 4 5 6 ------~------castes and Scheduled tribes have recorded 34.11 per cent and 9.57 per cent respectivly. In terms of literacy rate, the region has presented 38.97 per cent of the total population. The Bakreswar Tourist Centre Township (NM) and Dubrajpur (M), are the two urban centres of the region. The Bakreswar is well known for its hot spring. Because of it, this place is developing as an important tourist centre of the state. The railway line (Broad Gauge) and the State highways (Nb. 5 and 9) are passing through Dubrajpur town. Whereas the Bakreswar Tourist Centre Twonship (NM) is connected by the road only. This region is well provided with railways and roads.

294 DISTRICT PURULIYA REGIONAL DIVISIONS

The Puruliya district is located in the extreme west of the State of West Bengal. It extends 22)42'35" to 23°42'0" North latitudes and from 85°49'25" to 86°54'37" East longitudes. It is bounded on the east by the districts of Medinipur aRd Bankura, on the north by the district of Barddharnan (portion) and Dhanbad of Bihar state and on the north-west, west and south-west by the district of Hazaribagb, Ranchi and Singbhum of Bihar State. The district has an area of 6197.50 Km:! comprising 20 C. D. Blocks. There are 2224577 persons residing in 2685 villages and 10 urban centres. Of the total population 2014571 (90.56 per cent) are in the rural areas and 210006 (9.44 per cent) in the urban areas. 2 The district has a rural density of 329 persons per Km2 and the urban density of 3009 persons per Km • The district accounts for 35.35 per cent of main workers, 7.80 per cent of marginal workers and 56.85 percent of non-workers. Both the Scheduled ca~;tes and Scheduled tribes have recorded 19.35 per cent and 19.23 per cent respectively. In terms of lirteracy rate, the region has 35.24 per cent of the total popUlation. Physiographically, the district is distinguished as a transition zone betwl!en the recent alluvial plains of West Bengal and the ancient plateau of south-east Bihar. The region presents the Puruliya uplands of Region No. 3.3.3 which is the extended portion of Ranchi plateau to the east. In the district, tw:) different characteristics of moderately high and relatively low relief are presented. Towards the west and south-west the relief increases abruptly \0 high peneplain which is heavily dissected by eroding str'eams. Here the elevation ranges in between 500 to 750 metres. The rest of the district has a gently undulating topography with isolated hillocks of hard rocks ranging from 150 to 300 metres.

In the district, the rivers such as Damodar, Dwarakeswar, Kasai, Kumari and their tributaries have the easterly and south-easterly course over the exposed rocks. The river Subarnarekha only flows towards south and receives the south and south-westerly tributaries. The river beds are usually deep. The geological structures'are recent, Carboniferous-Permian and Archaean. .

The soils found in the district are Ustalfs-Ochrepts, Ustalfs-Aqualfs-Ochrepts, Ustalfs-Ochrepts­ Orthents. As regards climate, the district has humid and sub-humid types. Dry deciduous forests, low trees, scrub jungle and grasses are growing in the district.

The district is divided into three sub~micro regions on the basis of elevation and nature oftopog- raphy.

3.21.3.1-Damodar-Dwarakeswar Upland.

The region lies in the north-east of the district bordering Bihar to the north-west. The area beGomes undulating with hillocks of hard rocks which are extended from the high plateau of Central India and Chotanagpur. There are some hills ranging from 150 to 750 metres approximately. The Damodar and the Dwarakeswar are the two important rivers flowing towards east and south-east. The Damodar passes through the Panchet hills towards east. The "Panchet Hill Dam" has been built on the Damodar. The soils found in the region are red sandy, red loamy and alluvial.

The region has 932 villages and 7 urban centres in 9 C. D. Blocks. It has a total area of 1951.00 Krl2 inhabited by 789, 639 persons, accounting for 89.71 per cent in the rural areas and 10.29 per cent in ::he urban areas. The density of population is 371 persons per Km2 in the rural areas and 1912 persons per Km2 in the urban areas. There are 31.25 per CI!nt of main workers, 5.88 per cent of marginal workers and 62.87 per cent of non-workers. The percentage of Scheduled castes (28.83 per cent) is higher than Scheduled tribes (17.16 per cent). The literacy rate is 39.46 per cent of the total popUlation.

3.2i.3.2-Upper Kasai Basin.

The region extends in the central part of the district where the Kasai river flows. The region has undulating landforms but in the lower part there is the degraded low land. The elevation rises from 200 to 300 metres and its general slope is from west [0 east and south-east.

The Kasai is the most important river of the area and its upper course is non-perennial but from the' confluence of the Bhandhu Channel it becomes a wide perennial channel. In the region, there occurs red sandy and red loamy soils. The lower valley is more fertile than the highlands. 295 The region covers 10 C. D. Blocks comprising 852 villages and 1 urban centre. There are 2 74'7239 persons in an area of 1951.50 Km • Of the total population 654853 (87.64 percent) live in the rural areas and 92386 (12.36 per cent) in the urban areas. The region has 338 persons per Km2 in the rural areas and 6646 persons per Km2 in the urban ,lfeas as density of population. In terms of percentage, the Scheduled castes accounts for 17.03 per cent and Schequled tribes 13.36 per cent. The region has 36,70 per cent of main workers, 8.33 per cent of marginal workers and 54.97 per cent of non-workers. The literacy rate is 35.52 per cent of the total populartion.

3':t.3.3-Baghmundi-Banduan Upland.

The region lies over the north-western and southern portions of the district. It is a highland area de:;cending from the Ranchi Plateau. At some places, the highlands are very steep and crisscrossed by tht: eroding streams forming youthful stage of landform. In Baghmundi and Balarampur areas, the Ayodhya range forms the main highland. It acts as a watershed for both the Kasai and Subarnarekha rivers. Whereas in the Banduan and Manbazar areas, many small streams drain the northern slope of th(~ Dalma range. The elevation ranges from 475 to 700 metres approximately. The soils found in the region are red sandy, red loamy and alluvial. The region extends 10 C. D. Blocks comprising 901 villages and 2 urban centres. It has a total population of 687699 of which 651358 are in tht~ rural areas and 36341 in the urban areas. The rural and urban population present 94.72 per cent and 5.28 per cent respectively. The region has an area of 2295.00 Km2 with densities of285 persons per Km2 and 2714 persons per Krn2 in the rural and urban areas respectively. There are 38.60 per cent of main workers, 9.44 per cent of marginal workers and 51.96 per cent of non-workers. Comparatively, the proportion of Scheduled castes (11.00 per cent) is lower than Scheduled tribes (27.98 per cent). The literacy rate is 30.09 per cent of the total population.

TABLE 1 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS Di.trict : PURULIYA Census Loc,ation Code No. IS State : WEST BENGAL

No. of No. or T Area in T Popul.ation Region No. Villages in towns In R Kn~l. R and Name each each U U region region Persons Males Females 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 C)

3.3.3.1 932 7 T 195[.00 T 789639 405744 383895 Damodar- R 190:1.50 R 708360 362535 345825 Dwarakeswar U 4'~,50 U 81279 43209 38070 Upland

3.3.3.2 852 T 1951.50 T 747239 383703 363536 U?per Kasai R 1937,60 R 654853 335281 319572 B,lSin U 13,90 U 92386 48422 43964

3.3.3.3 901 2 T 2295.00 T 687699 353324 334375 B,~ghmundi R 2281.61 R 651358 334356 317002 B,mdwan U 13.39 U 36341 18968 17373 Upland

·'[11e summation of the area figures of the Police Stations under each district will not tally with the concerned district area figures because the fanner represent those supplied by the State Director of Land Records and Survey whIle the later represents those supplied by the Surveyor General, India, 296 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 35

WEST BENGAL DISTRICT PURULlYA R CENSUS CODE 15 REGIONAL DIVISIONS ,

GEOLOGY IQ 0 lD 20 KMS

SOIL , "

RECENT

CAlaONFElQUS PEItMlAN

ARCHAEAN

i · USTAl.FS · OCHllEPTS (READ THE SEQUENCE OF REGIONAL DIVISIONS ~ 11· USTALFS . AQUALFS· OCijREPTS WITH REFERENCE TO ALL INDIA MAP CODES " · USTALFS.OtHIIEPTS ORTH!~TS UPTO 3 TER)

BOUNDARY. STATE ...... , .. . REGIONAL DIVISIONS .. ... 3 3 I DISTRICT...... ~ACRO •• " I I I POLICE STA nON .. . ME SO .. . !,_X !--xLx -x- .. C. D. BLOCK ...... MICRO ...... U-- I VILLAGE HAVING 5000 & ABOVE POPULATION. SUB · MICRO WITH BOUNOAR Y• . • • f' ••~~~:: MA THA R F URBAN AREA ...... RESERVE FORE ST WITH NAME. NATIONAL HIGHWAY. . .. NH 32

STATE HIGHWAY ... '" SH4

RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION. BROAD GAUGE ... . WI _. 3. J. J. 1 DAMDDAR - DWARAKESWAR UPLAND RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION. NARROW GAUGE .. . II II II iii II 1111 II 3. 3. 3. 2 UPPER KASAl BASIN RIVER ...... '" ...... ~ 3. 3. 3. j BAGHMUNDI - BANDUAN UPLAND

TABLE 2 REGIONWISE VILLAGE CODES, 1991 District : PURULIYA Census Location Code No. 15 State : WEST BE~GAL

Location Total No. of Area of Regional 2 :vision Code No. of Village,; Division in Km • lImber C.D. Block Census Remarks ld Name Villages Of C.D. In as per 1991 Block Division Total Rural Urban 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3.3.1.1 Puruliya-[1 79 to 87,93 43 932 1951.00 1908.50 42.50 LC 88 to 92 are in Region Damodar- to 126 7 Towns No. 3.3.3.2 Dwarakeswar Upl;md Para 4 to 56, 69 135 LC 1 to 3, 57 to 68 are included to 129,131 In Santaldih P.S. LC 130 to lJ6 of UrbaniSed. P.S, Para I to 3(P), 57 to 68(P) of P.S. SantaJdih

Raghunathpur -IT 1,2,4 to 13(R), 106 LC I to 3(R), 15 to 22(R) are 14,15 to 22(R), included P.S. LC3. 168 to 170, 23 to 80, 82 to 176, 177 are lJrbanised. 87.94,95,99, 119,120,122 to 129,131 to 136, 139,140 in P.S. Ragbunatbpur

Raghunathpur-I 81.88 to 93,% 102 to 98,100 to 118,121,130, 137.138,141 to 167,171 to 175, 178 to 214 in P.S. of Raghunatbpur

Neturia 1 to 93,95 to 125 LC 94 new Urbanised 126

Santuri 1 to 104 104

Kashipur 1 to 17,19 to 211 J.L. No. 18 Added to 19 212

Hura 1 to 16,38 to 65 LC 17 tl) 37, 42 to 69,73,74 are 41.70 to 72,75 in Region No. 3.3.3.2 10116

Puncha 64,65,71 to 109 41 LC 66 to 70 are in Region No. 3.3.3.2

3.33.2 JhaJda-Il 207.218,228 to 21 852 1951.50 1937.60 13.90 LC 208 to 217, 219 to 227, 244, UPllef Kasai 243,246.248, , 1 Town 245,24"' are in Region No. Basin 249 3.3.3.3

Jaipur 63 to 65, 67. 73 44 LC 66,68 to 72, 93 are in to 92, 94 to 113 Region No. 3.3.3.3

Arsha 1 to 5, 7, 8, 38, 5] LC 6, 9 to 37, 39,62,65 to 74, 92 40. to 61, 63,64, to 94 arl: in Region No. 3.3.3.3 75 to 81, 84, 86 LC 82.113,85 are in C.D. Block to 91, 95 to 98, Puruli Y!I-I, LC 206 belongs to 206 Puruliyci Muffasil P.S.

Barabazar 1 to 90, 118. 122 LC 91 to 117,119 to NO, 154 to 141 to 153,177 176,18:;,195,196 are in Region to 184,186 to No. 3.3.3.3 194.197

299 C 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Puruliya-I I to 26,23 to 56. 115 LC 79 to 81.93 to 126 are in 67 to 70.74,175 Region No. 33.3.1 to 205,207 to 226,289 of Puruli ya Muffasil, 82.83.85 of Arsha P.S.

Puruliy&-ll 27.57 to 66,71 73 1£ 206 belongs to Arsha C.D_ to 73,75 to 78. Block. LC 291 to 293 Urbanised. 88 to 92.12110 174.274.284 in P.S. of Puruliya Muffasil

Hura 17 to 37,42 to 51 LC 38 to 41.70 to 72 are in 69.73.74 Region No. 3.3.3.1

Pilocha Ito 57, 62, 63. 68 LC 64,65.71 to 109 are in Region 661070. 110 to No. 3.3.:1.1. LC 58 to 61.114 to 113 174 belomgs 10 C.D. Block Manbazar-I

Manbazar-I 110 24. 26 to 244 164.111 to 174, 25710 260, 264 to 271 of P.S. Manbazar. 58 to 61,114 to 174ofP.S. ., Puncha

Manbazar-ll 25.165 to 170, 63 LC 188,189.191.199,200,20310 175 \0 187,190, 243 are in Region No. 3.3.3.3 19210198,201, 202.244 to 256, 261 to 263.272 to 288

3.3 .. 1.3 lbalcla-I I to 133.135 to 143 901 2295.00 22&[,61 13.39 LC 207,218,228 to 243,246,248, Bagomundi 138.148 to 150, :\ Towns 249 are in Region No. 3.3.3.2 Banjwan 154,262.263 Up~md lbalda-II 134.139 to 147. 110 15110153,155 to 206. 208 to m. 219 to 227. 244, 245. 247. 250 to 261, 264 (0274

JaipJr 1 to 52, 66, 68 69 LC 63 to 65, 67.73 to n ane in to/2,93 Region No. 3.3.3.2

Mha 6.9 to 31, 39. 4S LC 7. 8. 38. 40 to 61. 63. 64, 75 62,65 to 74. 92 to 91 an: in Region No. 3.3.3.2 to 94

Balararnpur \ t045,48to 90 1£ 46.'·1. 57. 58 Urbanised. 56.591094

Baghmundi Ito 142 142

Barab~ar 91 to 117, 119 94 LC llS. 141 to 153. 171 to 184, to 140.154 to 186 to 194.197 are i Region No. 176, 185. 195. 3.3.3.2 196, 198 to 216

Manbazar-ll 188, 189, 191, 73 LC 190. 192 to 198. 201. 202, 199.200.203 244 to 2SS ane in Region No. 10 243. 289 to 3.3.3.2 315

Bandwlln 1 to 135 135

(f') Villages transferred from P.S. Para (R) Villages transferred from P.S. Raghunathpur 300 T.~LE 3 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - TOTAL Dl:itrict : PURULIYA Census Location Code No. 15 State : WEST BENGAL

legion No. Total Main WOIrkers, Marginal Workers and Non - Workers nd Name Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males I Females Persons I Males _l Females 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 8 I 9 I 10

3.3.3.1 246789 187573 59216 ~392 6948 39444 496453 211223 285235 Damodar- Dwarakeswar Upland

3.3.3.2 274218 192950 81268 62253 6356 55897 410768 184397 226371 Upper Kasai -' Basin

3.3.3.3 265418 184086 81332 64894 7628 57266 351387 16[610 195777 B3ghmundi Bandwan Upland

T\BLE 4 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - RURAL m,trict : PURULIYA Census Location Code No. 15 State : WEST BENGAL

legion No. Total Main Wo~kers. Marginal Workers and Non - Workers nd Name Main Workers Marginal W()rkers Non-Workers Persons I Males _I Females Persons I Males I Ferules hnons 1 Males I Females 1 2 I 3 J 4 S I 6 I 7 8 I 9 I 10 3.3.3.1 226005 168838 57167 45102 6725 38377 437253 186972 250281 Damodar- Dwarakeswar Upland

3.3.3.2 249902 170826 79076 61937 6292 55645 343014 158163 184851 Upper Kasai Basin

3.3.3.3 255922 175295 80627 64446 7543 S69(J3 330990 151518 179472 Haghrnundi Baodwan Upland

301 TAULE 5 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS - URBA:S District: PURULIYA Census Locatcon Code No. 15 State : WEST BENGAL

gi()n No. Total Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non - W(,rkers ,:I Name ~ Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Workers Persons 1 Males I Females P,!rsons I Males I Females Persons 1 Males 1Females b 1 2 1 3 L 4 5 J 6 I 7 8 J 9 1 10 3.3.3.1 20784 18735 2049 l290 223 1067 59205 24251 34954 Oamodar- Ow lrakeswar Upland

3.3.3.2 24316 22124 2192 316 64 252 67754 26234 41520 Upper Kasai Basin

3.33.3 9496 8791 705 448 85 363 26397 10092 16305 Ba!:hmundi Bandwan Upland

TJIBLE 6 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS Di~trict : PURL'LIYA Census Location Code No. IS State : WEST BENGAL

T Literates T Scheduled Castes T Scheduled Tribes .egion No. R R R nd Name U U U Persons Males Females I'ersons Males Females Periions Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 3.3.3.1 T 311626 220425 91201 T 2.27655 117225 110430 T 135526 68608 66918 Oamodar- R 261865 189864 72001 R 2.10234 108216 102018 R 134345 67992 66353 Ov'arakeswar U 49761 30561 19200 U 17421 9009 8412 U 1181 616 565 Upland

3.: .3.2 T 265398 196134 69264 T 127219 65506 61713 T 99&07 50974 48833 Ufper Kasai R 208935 162142 46793 R 107054 55209 51845 R 97843 49956 47887 Basin U 56463 33992 22471 U 20165 10297 9868 U 1964 1018 946

3.~,.3.3 T 206901 163270 43631 T 75639 39133 36506 T 192433 98438 93995 Baghmundi R 187824 151084 36740 R 68342 35412 32930 R 191227 97853 93374 Bandwan U 19077 12186 6891 U 7297 3721 3576 U 1206 585 621 Upland

302 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS District: PURULIA Census Location Code No. 15 State: West Bengal S1. No.and name of Administrative No. the Regional Divisions Geology Soils Physio-Cultural Characteristics Divisions (C. D. Blocks) 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Division No. 1. Puruliya-ll Lower Ustalfs­ The region lies to the north-east of 3.3.3.1 2. Para Gondwana Aqualfs­ the district which borders with Bihar Damodar­ 3. Raghunathpur-II System. Ochrepts. State on the north-west and Dwarakeswar 4. Raghunathpur-I Anorthosites Ustalfs­ Barddhaman and Bankura district on Upland. 5. Neturia Paraschistes Ochrepts­ the north-east. The region is 6. Santuri and gneisses Orthents. undulating with hillocks of hard rocks. 7. Kashipur of south These are extended from the. high 8. Hara Puruliya plateau of Central India and 9. Puncha and Chotonagpur which has been eroded Bankura down landforms in present landscape. with The Damodar and Dwarakeswar are •epidiorites. porphyritic the two important rivers flowing in the granite region. The Damodar makes the gneiss with northern boundary and its course is leptynites almost due east through Panchet Hill. and The Panchet Hill Dam has been built granulite on the Damodar at the confluence with including the Barakar which is the tri-junction granulites in of Dhanbad" Barddhaman and Puruliya Puruliya districts. The Dwarakeswar and rises in the east of Bagalia Railway Bankura Station. It flows towards east and south-east in P. S. Kashimpur. There are some hills which rise from 150 to 750 metres. The region is sloping towards east and south-east.

The soils of the region are red loamy, red sandy and alluvial which occur in major parts of the region. Recently formed soils are also found in the lower parts of the region towards the south-east. Maize and growndnut are also grown in the region. In the forest areas Sal, Banyan and Mahua trees are found growing.

The region has population of 789, 639llvil1g in 932 villages and 7 urban centres. Of the total population, 708, 360 (89.71 per cent) live in the rural areas and 812.79 (10.29 per cent) in the urban areas. The region has a total 2 area of 1951.00 Km • The region accounts for 28.83 per cent of Scheduled castes and 17.16 per cent of Scheduled tribes.

303 1 2 3 4 5 6 The literacy rate is 39.46 per cent. In the rural areas, there are 28.62 per cent of main workers, 5.71 per cent of marginal workers and 55.37 per cent of non-workers. Whereas in the urban areas, 2.63 per cent of main workers, 0.16 per cent of marginal workers and 7.50 per cent of non-workers are recorded. So far density is concerned, the region has 371 persons per Km2 in the rural areas while it is 1912 persons per Km2 in the urban areas. In view of urban centres, Raghunathpur eM), Chaphi (NM), Santaldih The,rmal Power Project Town (NM), Nabagram (NM). Arra (NM), J-lijuli (NM) and Adra (NM) are the important towns. All these towns are connected by railway lines and roads in the region.

2. Division No. 1. -I Alluvium Ustalfs­ The region occupies the central 3.3.3.2 2. Jhalda-II Paraschists Aqualfs­ portion of the district. The region Upper Kasai 3. Arsha gneisses of Ochrepts. becomes undulating and its general Basin. 4. Bara Bazar south Ustalfs­ slope is from west to east and south­ 5. Puruliya-I Puruliya Ochrepts­ east. In the region the elevation 6. Puruliya-II and Orthents. varies from 200 to 300 metres. The 7. Hura Bankura Kasai is the most important river of 8. Puncha with Puruliya district. This river is flowing 9. Manbazar-I epidiorites in this region. It rises in the Ghorarnara 10. Manbazar-ll porphyritic Pahar on the north-west. In the upper granite, Granite course, the Kasai river is non­ gneiss with perennial but from the Bandhu leptynites channel it becomes a wide perennial and granite channel. The Kumari river is also including flowing to the south of the Kasai river. pyroxene The Kumari is a small river which granulites in originates from the Baghmundi Puruliya Upland. It flows towards south and and south-east of the region. Bankura. The soil found in the region has usually sandy loam. The highlands being eroded are of low fertility and the lower valleys are fertile due to the deposition of sediments. Since soil erosion is the main problem in the region, there is lack of irrigation facilities in the high lands. Aus Paddy, Pulses and Oilseeds are mainly grown in the lower areas of the region.

There are 852 villages and 1 urban centre in 10 C. D. Blocks. It has 304 1 2 3 4 5 6 population of 747,239 inhabiting in an area of 1951.50 Km2. Of the total population 87.64 per cent are in the rural areas and 12.36 per cent in the urban areas. As regards density of population 338 persons per Km2 persist in the rural areas and 6646 persons per Km2 in the urban areas. While considering the working population, the rural areas presented 33.44 per cent of main workers, 8.29 per cent of marginal workers and 45.90 per cent of non-workers whereas the urban areas recorded 3.25 per cent of main workers, 0.04 per cent of marginal workers and 9.07 per cent of non-workers. Both the Scheduled cas.tes and Scheduled tribes have shown 17.03 per cent and 13.86 per cent respecti vely in the region. In the region, Puruliya (M) is the only urban centre which is well connected by railways, national highway (No. 32), state highway (No.2) and other roads with other areas of the region.

3. Division No. 1. Jhalda-I Alluvium Ustalfs­ The region covers the north­ 3.3.3.3 2. Jhalda-II Paraschists Ochrepts, western and southern portions of the Baghmundi­ 3. Jaipur and gneisses Ustalfs­ district. It is a highland area descending . Banduan 4. Arsha of south Aqualfs­ from the hills of Central India and Upland. 5. Balarampur Puruliya Ochrepts, Chotanagpur Plateau. The 300 metres 6. Baghmundi and Ustalfs­ contour line is dividing line between 7. Bara Bazar Bankura Ochrepts­ the higher peneplains ofC. D. Blocks 8. Manbazar-I with Orthents. Ihalda, Arsha, Baghmundi, 9, MaJlbazar-II epidiorites, 10. Banduan porphyritic Balarampur, Barabazar and Banduan Granite's and the lower undulating plains of the Granite Kasai and the Kumari rivers. The gneiss with highlands are velY steep in some places lepty ..itt:i and heavily dissected by eroding and streams fonning the youthful stage of granulite landform on the uplifted peneplain. including pyroxene The Subarnarekha enters the granulites in district from Bihar in the extreme Puruliya north-west at the tri-junction of and Purul~ya, Ranchi and Hazaribag Bankura. districts. The Danka Ghar Nadi originates from the Ghoramara range (400 m. high) and meets the Subarnarekha at this point. It flows southwards direction from this confluence. The Ayodhya range forms the main highland of the district in Balarampur and Baghmundi areas. 305 1 2 3 4 5 6 The Gorabura (725 m.), Gonjapahar (660 m.) and Karma Hill (675 m.) are the important peaks of the Ayodhya range. In the Banduan and Manbazar areas, to the extreme south many small streams are draining through the northern slope of the Dal rna range and they join into the Kumari river. In the Dalma range, the highest peak is Bhandari (473 m.). The Dalrna range has gentle slope rolling down to the residual plain of the region.

The soils occurred in the region are red loamy, red sandy and alluvial. Recently fonm::d soils of clayey loam also found in patches along the Baghmundi-Dalma Saddle and Subarnarekha. Maize, ground nut and oilseeds are grown in this area. Rice is the principal food crop grown in this region. In this upland region, the type of Tropical dry deciduous forest is found. The forest trees such as Sal, Teak, Mahua, Banyan and Jam are growing in abundance.

There are a total population of 687,699 residing in an area of2295.00 Km2. Of the wtal population 94.72 per cent (651, 358) are in the rural areas and 5.28 percent (36, 341)"in the urban areas. Ule region comprises 901 villages and 2 urban centres in 10 C. D. Blocks. Thl~ density ofpopulation is 285 persons per Km2 in the rural areas and 2714 persons per Km2 in the urban area~. Regarding the working population, 1.38 per cent of main workers, 0.07 per cent of marginal workers and 3.84 per cent of non­ workers are shown by the two urba~ centres whereas 37.21 percent of main ' workers, 9.37 per cent of marginal" workers and 48.13 per cent of non­ workers are recorded in the rural areas. In the region the Ihalda (M) and Balarampur (M) are the two urban centres. Balarampur is the most prominent town which is well connected by railway line, national highway (No. 32) and state highway (No.4) and Jhalda town by a railway line, state highways (No.2 and 4) with other areas of the region. 306