DOCSLIB.ORG

Impact of Different Aerodynamic Optimization Strategies on the Sound Emitted by Axial Fans

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Impact of Different Aerodynamic Optimization Strategies on the Sound Emitted by Axial Fans 19th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (34th AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference), 27 - 29 May 2013, Berlin Impact of Different Aerodynamic Optimization Strategies on the Sound Emitted by Axial Fans Konrad Bamberger1 and Thomas Carolus2 Institut für Fluid- und Thermodynamik, Universität Siegen, Paul-Bonatz-Str. 9-11, 57068 Siegen, Germany The correlation between the aerodynamic design strategy and the sound emission of low pressure axial fans is investigated by a case study. The four fans investigated are equal in terms of total-to-static design point, rotational speed, diameter, and tip clearance, but different regarding hub size and blade geometry. One fan (the baseline) is designed using the analytical blade element momentum method whereas the other fans are optimized by stationary CFD simulations embedded in an evolutionary optimization algorithm. Three different target functions are applied: Maximization of total-to-static and total-to-total efficiency at design point, and maximization of operating range. The distinction between the two efficiencies addresses two competing effects: While the fan optimized with respect to total-to-total efficiency has the lowest secondary flow effects, its aerodynamic load required to fulfill the same total-to-static pressure rise is higher. The characteristic curves of each fan are measured on a chamber test rig to validate the CFD results. The acoustic investigations are conducted in a semi-anechoic chamber. It is found that optimization with respect to total-to-total efficiency, i.e. minimization of losses, leads to the lowest sound power levels around the design point at low Mach numbers while the design optimized with respect to total-to-static efficiency is superior at high Mach numbers. The fan optimized with respect to operating range is loudest at the design point, but this observation inverses when moving to off-design flow rates. It is concluded that none of the design strategies can be recommended purely from an acoustical point of view and that there always is a trade-off between noise, power consumption, operating range, and development cost. Nomenclature Symbols D = fan diameter LW = sound power level Ma = mach number P = power S = tip clearance T = time V = flow rate a = speed of sound c = chord length d = max. thickness (of NACA airfoil) f = frequency or max. camber (of NACA airfoil) n = rotational fan speed p = pressure w = relative flow velocity x = coordinate along airfoil chord z = number of blades = angle of attack or acoustic exponent = flow coefficient 1 Ph.D. student. IFT, Department Maschinenbau, Universität Siegen, [email protected]. 2 Professor. IFT, Department Maschinenbau, Universität Siegen, [email protected]. 1 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 19th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (34th AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference), 27 - 29 May 2013, Berlin = efficiency = sweep angle = hub-to-tip ratio = density = pressure coefficient Subscripts 0 = reference 1 = plane upstream of fan blade 2 = plane downstream of fan blade ac = acoustic d = design h = hub n = normal o = overall s = sampling spec = specific t = total ts = total-to-static tt = total-to-total Abbreviations BEM = blade element momentum method BPF = blade passing frequency CAA = computational aeroacoustics CFD = computational fluid dynamics DES = detached eddy simulation GGI = general grid interface LES = large eddy simulation OOR = optimized for operating range OTS = optimized for total-to-static efficiency OTT = optimized for total-to-total efficiency RANS = Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes SAS = scale adaptive simulation URANS = unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes I. Motivation and Objectives he main objectives in the design of axial fans are high energy efficiency and low noise emission over a large T operating range. However, present optimization efforts mainly focus on efficiency whereas noise is often neglected. This originates from the immense difference between prediction of aerodynamic performance and sound in terms of computational cost. Sound prediction by means of computational aeroacoustics (CAA) is generally conducted in two steps. Firstly, the acoustic sources, i.e. the unsteady pressure fluctuations on the fan blade are computed by transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Subsequently, the acoustic propagation is computed, e.g. using the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings1 analogy. This approach was taken by Reese2 who compared the accuracy in terms of acoustic source prediction of four distinct unsteady CFD methods: URANS, SAS, DES, and LES. The best results were obtained by LES (large eddy simulation), but this method was also most time consuming and required approx. 2600 CPU-hours. Due to the high computational cost, optimization loops with repeated geometrical adjustments and computation of the corresponding sound emission is not feasible. In contrast, stationary (time-averaged) CFD solutions such as Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations are often sufficient for the aerodynamic optimization. On top of that, the requirements regarding computational grid fineness are much lower in that case. As a consequence of the huge differences regarding computational cost, it is desirable to estimate the impact of distinct aerodynamic optimization strategies on the sound emission without need for time consuming CAA. The aim 2 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 19th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (34th AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference), 27 - 29 May 2013, Berlin of this work is to investigate the impact of four aerodynamic design strategies on the sound radiated by a low pressure axial fan. The four methods are 1. Straight forward utilization of blade element momentum method (subsequently called “BEM”) 2. Optimization regarding total-to-static fan efficiency (ts) at the design point (subsequently called “OTS”) 3. Optimization regarding total-to-total fan efficiency (tt) at the design point (subsequently called “OTT”) 4. Optimization regarding total-to-static fan efficiency over a large operating range (subsequently called “OOR”) The blade element momentum method is based on the two dimensional flow analysis at distinct radial positions. A detailed discussion how this method can be applied in axial fan design is given by Carolus3. The advantage of this method is the analytical formulation which leads to short development time and requires almost no resources. In case of an essentially two dimensional flow in the blade passages, reasonable accuracy can be obtained by predicting lift and drag of each radial airfoil section, e.g. using XFOIL as suggested by Carolus and Starzmann4. The main limitation is the inability to consider complex secondary flow effects which can only be resolved by CFD. CFD results are often precise enough to be coupled with optimization algorithms. The evolutionary algorithm implemented for this work was inspired by the work of Thévenin and Janiga5 as well as Nelles6. Evolutionary algorithms belong to the class of global optimization methods which is a major advantage as compared to gradient based methods. The main bottleneck is the slow convergence and the large number of function evaluations required. A collection of optimization work in the context of turbomachinery can be found in the notes of the von Karman Institute lecture series 2000-077. The presence of several examples with 2D optimization of airfoils illustrates the main problem of CFD-based optimization – the computational cost of each function evaluation. This can e.g. be overcome by adjoint methods (examples collected by Thévenin and Janiga5) or simply by relatively coarse computational grids. To avoid increased uncertainties, grid independency studies are usually recommended. Good experience with optimization work using a relatively coarse grid (around 500,000 nodes) was made in an earlier study by the authors of this work8. The three optimization targets of this work address different practical requirements. The total-to-total efficiency considers the real total-to-total pressure rise from a plane upstream of the fan (“1”) to plane downstream of the fan (“2”) : Vp tt , where ppp (1) ttP tt t21 t However, this optimization target only makes sense when the dynamic part of pt2 is recovered by guide vanes and diffusers. Otherwise, the kinetic energy at the fan exit is lost and the total-to-static efficiency determines the power consumption of the fan: Vp ts , where ppp (2) tsP ts21 t In some applications it is necessary to consider not only the design point but an extended operating range. Each of these three requirements is supposed to have acoustic benefits and drawbacks. Optimization regarding total-to- total efficiency is concerned with the reduction of aerodynamic losses that originate from secondary flows or flow separation. These flow phenomena are known to be effective sound sources and it is expected that noise can be 8 reduced by increasing tt. This is also confirmed by the aforementioned study . However, in most applications the blade load is determined by the total-to-static pressure rise that is required. The minimum blade load can then only be obtained by optimizing with respect to ts. Consequently, there are two competing effects which must be weighted up. In contrast, the impact of optimization with respect to operating range can easily be estimated. There will be a loss in peak efficiency but an increase at other operating points. It can be assumed that this leads to compromised acoustic properties at the design point
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Design, Construction and Performance Evaluation of Axial Flow Fans
    DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AXIAL FLOW FANS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY HAYRETTİN ÖZGÜR KEKLİKOĞLU IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SEPTEMBER 2019 Approval of the thesis: DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AXIAL FLOW FANS submitted by HAYRETTİN ÖZGÜR KEKLİKOĞLU in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Halil Kalıpçılar Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. M. A. Sahir Arıkan Head of Department, Mechanical Engineering Prof. Dr. Kahraman Albayrak Supervisor, Mechanical Engineering, METU Examining Committee Members: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cüneyt Sert Mechanical Engineering. METU Prof. Dr. Kahraman Albayrak Mechanical Engineering, METU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Metin Yavuz Mechanical Engineering, METU Assist. Prof. Dr. Özgür Uğraş Baran Mechanical Engineering, METU Assist. Prof. Dr. Ekin Özgirgin Yapıcı Mechanical Engineering, Çankaya University Date: 03.09.2019 I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Surname: Hayrettin Özgür Keklikoğlu Signature: iv
    [Show full text]
  • Axial Flow Fan Design
    BASF Corporation BASIC GUIDELINES FOR PLASTIC CONVERSION OF METAL AXIAL FLOW FANS INTRODUCTION This guideline outlines in brief the basic steps recommended for the development of a plastic conversion of a metal fan. It is limited with respect to axial flow type fans, and does not necessarily address a single classification within that family. The field of fan design is quite extensive and complex, it is therefore impossible to address all aspects of axial fan design within the scope of this paper. It is suggested that these rules be utilized in general sense as a starting point in the development process especially when initial geometric data is lacking. It is also essential to integrate a testing program throughout the different development stages, to evaluate the performance of the various basic design changes and their impact on achieving the desired outcome. TABLE OF CONTENTS Topic Page 1.DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES 1 - 14 2. PLASTICS IN MAJOR FAN APPLICATIONS 14 - 15 3. TECHNICAL SUPPORT FROM BASF CORPORATION 15 - 18 4. SUMMARY OF AN ACTUAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM 18 - 28 5. APPENDIX DOCUMENT STRUCTURE This document is structured around four main topics. The first one highlights basic rules that are recommended for developing baseline dimensions of axial flow in a metal to plastic conversion application. The second topic describes in summary the general methods used to optimize plastic fans. The third topic presents in brief BASF Corporationdesign support capabilities in this field, and finally the last topic goes over an actual fan development program at BASF facilities. 1 DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES Axial Flow Fans Axial flow fans, while incapable of developing high pressures, they are well suitable for handling large volumes of air at relatively low pressures.
    [Show full text]
  • Smith Diagram for Low Reynolds Number Axial Fan Rotors
    Paper ID: ETC2017-069 Proceedings of 12th European Conference on Turbomachinery Fluid dynamics & Thermodynamics ETC12, April 3-7, 2017; Stockholm, Sweden SMITH DIAGRAM FOR LOW REYNOLDS NUMBER AXIAL FAN ROTORS R. Corralejo - P. Harley Dyson Ltd., Malmesbury, UK [email protected] ABSTRACT Compressor operation at low Reynolds numbers is commonly associated with a loss in- crease. A semi-analytical approach was used to investigate this region of the design spec- trum. To do this, an axial rotor with constant diameter endwalls was non-dimensionalised to understand the influence of different design parameters independently. Smith diagrams showing contours of efficiency on a plot of flow coefficient versus stage loading coefficient were produced at low and high Reynolds numbers. The results showed not only lower levels of efficiency at low Reynolds numbers but a much narrower high efficiency island, with losses rapidly increasing as the design moved away from the high efficiency region. Several points in the Smith diagram were selected, dimensionalised and simulated using CFD with and without a transition model. Good agreement between the CFD and the model was found, with discrepancies increasing towards low efficiency regions. Meanline correlations for the low Reynolds number regime were also provided. KEYWORDS: Axial fan, Reynolds number, Smith diagram, loss, deviation. NOMENCLATURE AR Aspect ratio (= h=c) ηT=T T/T isentropic efficiency (Eq. 18) c Chord ∆η Loss of efficiency CD Dissipation coefficient ρ Density Cd Discharge coefficient σ Solidity
    [Show full text]
  • Axial Fan Design Using Multi-Element Airfoils to Minimize Noise
    Axial Fan Design Using Multi-Element Airfoils to Minimize Noise Hurtado, Mark1 Virginia Tech 635 Prices Fork Road, 445 Goodwin Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 Burdisso, Ricardo2 Virginia Tech 635 Prices Fork Road, 445 Goodwin Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 ABSTRACT Axial fans are one of the most harmful sources of noise due to their close proximity to occupied areas and widespread use. The prolonged exposure to hazardous noise levels can lead to noise-induced hearing loss. Consequently, there is a critical need to reduce noise levels from ventilation fans. Since fan noise scales with the 4-6th power of the fan tip speed, minimizing the fan tip speed is an effective method to reduce fan noise. However, reducing the fan speed results in a decrease in aerodynamic performance. To this end, the present study uses multi-element airfoils to increase the aerodynamic characteristics of the fan blades to enable lower fan speeds and noise relative to fan blades with single element airfoils. Additionally, a control vortex design method has been implemented to increase the effectiveness of the blade outer sections, i.e. spanwise varying axial flow. The resulting blade geometry has been shown to reduce noise levels while maintaining the same volumetric flow rate. Keywords: Multi-element, Fan, Noise I-INCE Classification of Subject Number: 30 1. INTRODUCTION Axial ventilation fans are used extensively to control the temperature, humidity, and to remove and dilute contaminants from occupied areas. However, their close proximity to occupied areas and widespread use are a significant threat to the immediate and long term health and hearing.
    [Show full text]
  • Fans & Blowers
    FANS & BLOWERS "AC/DC/EC Cooling Fan & Blower Size: From Ø15mm to Ø280mm Flow: 0.3CFM to 1450CFM" Dynetics represents leading manufacturers with great technical expertise in cooling solutions with fans and blowers using a variety of technologies. Dynetics will help you to economically optimize your designs, to mass- produced products with an optimal price / performance ratio. For the units cooling and cross-flow fans, we have axial / radial fans and blowers from various suppliers such as Nidec Servo in the program. Many of our fans can be customized, e.g. with wire, plug, pulse generator, PWM connection for speed control, IP class protection, etc. For drive solutions we offer micro motors with gears, sensors, and motor control of eg. Nidec, Shinano Kenshi, Tsukasa, Mellor, NPM etc. Please visit our website: www.dynetics.eu In this issue 1. Selecting a fan or blower 2. What's new 2.1 Super silent multi-blade blower, 2.2 Low Noise and vibration: low cogging 2.3 Compact fans with more pressure 2.4 New AC / EC fans also available with IP65 protection 2.5 Nidec Servo's Gentle Typhoon 3. Blowers 4. Overview: Our range of blowers 5. Axial fans 5.1 Outlook More pressure and flow Small lightweight fans from Nidec Nidec Servo Axial AC and EC Fans 6. Overview: our range of axial fans 6.1 AC, EC, water resistant or fans with integrated bluetooth 7. Customising fans and blowers .1 Selecting a fan or blower Fan and blower selection The required airflow and ventilating resistance of equipment must be determined when selecting a fan or a blower.
    [Show full text]
  • Computational Characterization of an Axial Rotor Fan
    JOURNAL OF ENERGY SYSTEMS Volume 1, Issue 4 2602-2052 DOI: 10.30521/jes.346660 Research Article Computational characterization of an axial rotor fan Unai Fernandez-Gamiz University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Engineering of Vitoria-Gasteiz, Department of Nuclear Engineering and Fluid Mechanics, C/Nieves Cano 12, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, [email protected], orcid.org/0000-0001-9194-2009 Mustafa Demirci Gazi University, Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected], orcid.org/0000-0002-7050-8323 Mustafa İlbaş Gazi University, Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected], orcid.org/0000-0001-6668-1484 Ekaitz Zulueta University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Engineering of Vitoria-Gasteiz, Department of Systems Engineering and Automatic Department, C/Nieves Cano 12, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, [email protected], orcid.org/0000-0001-6062-9343 Jose Antonio Ramos University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Engineering of Vitoria-Gasteiz, Department of Electrical Engineering, C/Nieves Cano 12, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, [email protected] ; orcid.org/0000-0001-9706-4016 Jose Manuel Lopez-Guede University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Engineering of Vitoria-Gasteiz, Department of Electrical Engineering, C/Nieves Cano 12, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, [email protected], orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-1601 Erol Kurt Gazi University, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected], orcid.org/0000-0002-3615-6926 Arrived: 26.10.2017 Accepted: 28.12.2017 Published: 29.12.2017 Abstract: Axial flow fans are broadly applied in numerous industrial applications because of their simplicity, compactness and moderately low cost, such us propulsion machines and cooling systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Metamodel Based Design Optimization in Industrial Turbomachinery
    SAPIENZA UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA DOCTORAL THESIS METAMODEL BASED DESIGN OPTIMIZATION IN INDUSTRIAL TURBOMACHINERY Author: Supervisor: Tommaso BONANNI Prof. Alessandro CORSINI A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Energy and Environment February 1, 2018 iii SAPIENZA UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA Abstract Faculty Name Department of Astronautical, Electrical and Energy Engineering, XXX Cycle Doctor of Philosophy METAMODEL BASED DESIGN OPTIMIZATION IN INDUSTRIAL TURBOMACHINERY by Tommaso BONANNI Fans and Blowers community is experiencing, during those years, an incredible push in rethinking design approaches and strategies. The change in regulations on minimum ef- ficiency grades and market requirements on even more customized products demand a changing in the way design in fan technology is perceived. In this context, even if syn- thetic approaches for fan design and analysis are still valuable tools, they need to be flanked by metamodels in order to overcome the limitations and criticism introduced by empirical relationships developed in the past for specific applications. In addition, by replacing computation-intensive functions with approximate surrogate models, it is pos- sible to adopt advanced and nested optimization methods, such as those based on Evo- lutionary Algorithms, drastically improving the overall optimization computational time. Surrogate-based Optimizations based on Evolutionary Algorithm should become common practice in design optimization because of their capability of find optima in the design space, thanks to their intrinsic balance between exploitation and exploration. This work proposes methods for interweave elements of metamodeling techniques and multi-objective optimization problems with the synthetic approaches classically de- veloped by the turbomachinery community. The entire Thesis can be ideally divided into two parts; the first gives a brief survey on the classical fan design and analysis approaches and reports two synthetic in-house codes for axial fan performance prediction.
    [Show full text]
  • Design of Axial Fan Using Inverse Design Method†
    Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 22 (2008) 1883~1888 www.springerlink.com/content/1738-494x DOI 10.1007/s12206-008-0727-8 Design of axial fan using inverse design method† Kyoung-Yong Lee, Young-Seok Choi*, Young-Lyul Kim and Jae-Ho Yun Thermal and Fluid System Team, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 35-3 Hongcheon-ri, Ipjang-myeon, Cheonan-si, Korea (Manuscript Received April 16, 2008; Revised June 25, 2008; Accepted July 23, 2008) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract The axial fans for cooling condensers were designed by inverse design code TURBOdesign-1. The parameters of the inverse design were set by DOE (design of experiments). By changing the design parameters, such as the distribution of the blade loading, spanwise circulation distribution and stacking, 32 different fan designs were created for the screening of parameters. The overall performance and the local flow field of these fans were computed using a com- mercial CFD code. The results of the CFD computations were analyzed by DOE. The pressure rise and efficiency were selected as the main responses, and the main effects of the design parameters on the responses were discussed. The main design parameters for the optimum design of the fan were decided from the results of the screening procedure. We designed the optimum axial fan by RSM (response surface method). The design center fan was made by RP (rapid prototype) and the performance was tested using a fan tester based on AMCA standards. These procedures ensured proper screening of parameters and optimum design of the axial fan.
    [Show full text]
  • Ing-Ind/09 3
    From Design to Flow solutions In Industrial Fluid Machinery Team Research Assistant & PostDoc Giovanni Delibra, Paolo Venturini Ph.D. Candidates David Volponi, Alessio Castorrini Ph.D. students Tommaso Bonanni, Lorenzo Tieghi, Gino Angelini SSD: ING IND-09 Fluid Machinery R&D Environment Selection Smart environment is configured in order to give the user DESIGN the possibility to customize the experience selecting tools optimizing time and accuracy. VIRTUAL Configure TEST RIG Tool Chain B OPTIMIZATION C A D Duty Selection Design Verify Te s t CentrLab Fan Selector AxLab TM MixLab Design BigData Prototyping In Fluid ADM ALM Der. Design Machinery CFD & FSI BD Opt P-Track SSD: ING IND-09 Integrated tool for industrial design of turbomachinery blades DESIGN • Develepod in Python, based on an axisymmetric solution of DESIGN the indirect problem. • Designed to be Multi-Platform and Expandable. VIRTUAL • It allows to test innovative design solutions. TEST RIG • Save, Export, Share and Compare different Designs. OPTIMIZATION SSD: ING IND-09 VIRTUAL TEST RIG DESIGN The virtual test rig consists of different analysis tools: TM DESIGN • Reduced Order Solvers: AxLab, MixLab, CentrLab • Actuator Disk Model • Actuator Line Model VIRTUAL TEST RIG • Ljungstrom Heat Exchanger OPTIMIZATION MixLab AxLab CentrLab • Each tool is designed for performance analysis on different level; from a AADM quasi-3D steady state approach to transient problems. • Set of instruments for fan performance analysis in order to simplify fans performance prediction. ALM • Designed both for axial and centrifugal machinery SSD: ING IND-09 Reduced Order Solvers: AxLab – MixLab DESIGN MixLab TM DESIGN AxLab CentrLab VIRTUAL TEST RIG AxLab and MixLab software are python programs for performance analysis of ducted axial or mixed-flow fans.
    [Show full text]
  • Design and Analysis of an Axial Fan Applicable for Kiln Shell Cooling
    © 2016 IJEDR | Volume 4, Issue 4 | ISSN: 2321-9939 Design and Analysis of an Axial Fan applicable for Kiln Shell Cooling Parasaram Sarath Chandra1, Dr. K. Sivaji Babu2, U. Koteswara Rao3 M.Tech (Machine Design) Research student1, PVPSIT, Kanuru, India. Principal2, Department of Mechanical Engineering, PVPSIT, Kanuru, India. Associate Professor3, Department of Mechanical Engineering, PVPSIT, Kanuru, India. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract - Present paper deals with design and analysis of an axial fan applicable in kiln shell cooling. The design of various elements of axial fan is discussed in detail. Design validation was done by comparison with CFD analysis. A relation between volumetric flow and pressure is established with graphical approach which is a performance analysis. The main scope of the design process of an axial fans, is to deliver high efficiency blades. Several aerofoils have been studied for the application and finally a combination of airfoil literally called F-series had been used in the present work. Efficiency has been increased when compared with the existing machine from 52% to 63% of total to total efficiency. Performance of the new design has been verified with commercial CFD software, ANSYS CFX. Keywords - Axial fans, airfoils, free vortex theory, performance analysis, CFD. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I. INTRODUCTION The main focus of the paper was to design and analyse an axial fan with improvised efficiency, by using an industrial example for demonstration purpose and establish a systematical design procedure which predicts the fan performance where usage of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) will be an instrumental in practice. High volume flow and low pressure fans are used in cooling applications for several process equipment, automotive, and also for ventilation purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • MACHINERY Performance, Analvsis, J and Design
    FLUID MACHINERY Performance, Analvsis, J and Design Terry Wright CRC Press Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wright, Terry. 1938- Fluid machinery : performance, analysis, and design 1 Terry Wright. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8493-2015-1 (alk. paper) "' 1. ~urbomachines.~'2. Fluid mechanics. I. Title. TJ267.W75 1999 62 1.406.-dc2 1 98-47436 CIP This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained from CRC Press for such copying. Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton, Florida 3343 1. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation, without intent to infringe. ,/ O 1999 by CRC Press LLC No claim to original U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Behavior of Axial Fan Blade Sections at Low Reynolds Numbers
    Aerodynamic and aeroacoustic behavior of axial fan blade sections at low Reynolds numbers Esztella Éva Balla Supervisor: János Vad, D.Sc. A thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Fluid Mechanics Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Budapest University of Technology and Economics August 27, 2020 i Acknowledgement I am grateful to the Reviewers of this thesis for their hard work and valuable suggestions. Gratitude is expressed to Mr. Gábor Daku for conducting, and evaluating the hot-wire measurements, and also for processing the data of Schmitz, and applying the corrections established by Prandtl to the measurement results. I would like to thank the following colleagues giving assistance in the measurements, in alphabetical order of the family names: Mr. András Gulyás; Mr. Bálint Lőczi; Ms. Eszter Menyhért; Mr. József Tajti. Gratitude is expressed to Professor Alessandro Corsini for supervising my MSc thesis, and to Dr. Giovanni Delibra for his valuable advice on the thesis. My MSc thesis served as a basis for this dissertation. This work has been supported by the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Centre under contract Nos. K 112277, 119943, and 129023. The research reported in this dissertation was supported by the Higher Education Excellence Program of the Ministry of Human Capacities in the frame of Water science & Disaster Prevention research area of Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME FIKP-VÍZ) and by the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (TUDFO/51757/2019-ITM, Thematic Excellence Program). Köszönetnyilvánítás Mindenek előtt a témavezetőmnek, Vad Jánosnak tartozok köszönettel, aki a munkához való hozzáállásával rendkívüli módon inspirált és motivált.
    [Show full text]