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Wisconsin Magazine of History (ISSN 0043-6534) WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY The State Historical Society ofWisconsin • Vol. 70, No. 3 • Spring, 1987 THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN H. NICHOLAS MULLER III, Director Officers MRS. L. PRENTICE EAGER, JR., President GERALD D. VISTE, Treasurer WILSON B. THIEDE, First Vice-President H. NICHOLAS MULLER in. Secretary GEORGE H. MILLER, Second Vice-President THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN is both a state agency and a private membership organization. Founded in 1846—two years before statehood—and chartered in 1853, it is the oldest American historical society to receive continuous public funding. By statute, it is charged with collecting, advancing, and disseminating knowledge ofWisconsin and of the trans-Allegheny West. The Society serves as the archive of the State of Wisconsin; it collects all manner of books, periodicals, maps, manuscripts, relics, newspapers, and aural and graphic materials as they relate to North America; it maintains a museum, library, and research facility in Madison as well as a statewide system of historic sites, school services, area research centers, and affiliated local societies; it administers a broad program of historic preservation; and publishes a wide variety of historical materials, both scholarly and popular. MEMBERSHIP in the Society is open to the public. Individual membership is $15, or $12.50 for persons over 65 or members of affiliated societies. Family membership is $20, or $15 for persons over 65 or members of affiliated societies. Contributing membership is $50; supporting, $100; sustaining, $200—500; patron, $500 or more. THE SOCIETY is governed by a Board of Curators which includes twenty-four elected members, the Governor or designee, three appointees of the Governor, a legislator from the majority and minority from each house, and ex officio, the President ofthe University of Wisconsin System, the designee ofthe Friends Coordinating Council, the President ofthe Wisconsin History Foundation, Inc., and the President ofthe Administrative Committee of the Wisconsin Council for Local History. A complete listing of the Curators appears inside the back cover. The Society is headquartered at 816 State Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, at the juncture of State and Park streets on the University of Wisconsin campus. The State Historical Museum is located at 30 North Carroll Street, A partial listing of phone numbers (Area Code 608) follows: General Administration 262-3266 Maps 262-5867 Affiliated local societies 262-2316 Membership 262-9613 Archives reading room 262-3338 Microforms reading room 262-9621 Contribution of manuscript materials 262-3248 Museum tours 262-7700 Editorial offices 262-9603 Newspapers reference 262-9584 Film collections 262-0585 Picture and sound collections 262-9581 Genealogical and general reference inquiries . 262-9590 Public information office 262-9606 Government publications and reference 262-2781 Sales desk 262-8000 Historic preservation 262-1339 School services 262-7539 Historic sites 262-9606 Speakers bureau 262-9606 Library circulation desk 262-3421 ON THE COVER: Arthur Henderson Smith and Grandfather "Hoe," Father Hoe, and Baby Hoe. The baby was the fourth generation of the family baptized by Dr. Smith. By permission ofthe Houghton Library, Harvard University. Volume 70, Number 3 / Spring, 1987 WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY Published quarterly by the State Historical Society ofWisconsin, 816 State Street, Madison, Arthur Henderson Smith and the American Wisconsin 53706. Distributed American Mission in China 163 to members as part of their dues. (Individual membership, Theodore D. Pappas $15, or $12.50 for those over 65 or members of affiliated societies; family membership, $20, or $15 for those over 65 or "Strikes Are War! War Is Hell!": American members of affiliated societies; Responses to the Compulsory Arbitration contributing, $50; supporting, $100; sustaining, $200-500; ofLabor Disputes, 1890-1920 108 patron, $500 or more.) Single Peter J. Coleman numbers from Volume 57 forward are $2. Microfilmed copies available through University Microfilms, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Gentle Knight: Michigan 48106; reprints of Edwin Forrest Harding 211 Volumes 1 through 20 and most issues of Volumes 21 Thomas Doherty through 56 are available from Kraus Reprint Company, Route 100, Millwood, New York 10546. Communications should be Book Reviews 217 addressed to the editor. The Society does not assume Book Review Index 232 responsibility for statements made by contributors. Wisconsin History Checklist 233 Second-class postage paid at Madison, Wisconsin. Accessions 237 PO.STMASTER: Send address changes to Wisconsin Magazine of History, Madison, Wisconsin Contributors 240 53706. Copyright © 1987 by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. The Wisconsin Magazine of History is indexed annually by Editor the editors: cumulative indexes PAUL H. HASS are assembled decennially. In addition, articles are abstracted Associate Editors and indexed in America: History WILLIAM C. MARTEN and Life, Historical Abstracts, Index to Literature on the American JOHN O. HOLZHUETER Indian, and the Combined Retrospective Index to Journals in History, 1838-1974. Mrs. Arthur H. Smith and a Bible woman—Mrs. Hu. By permission ofthe Houghton Libraiy, Harvard University. 162 Arthur Henderson Smith and the American Mission in China By Theodore D. Pappas I STORY has largely forgotten Boxer Rebellion, he played a significant role in H Arthur Henderson Smith. Al­ influencing the President of the United States though he was a Protestant missionary in and, as it turned out, the course of Chinese- China for fifty-four years and the most promi­ American relations for more than a genera­ nent and prolific writer on China at the turn of tion. The date was March 6, 1906. President the century, he is rarely mentioned today even Theodore Roosevelt had agreed to meet at the in the footnotes and bibliographies of contem­ White House with the renowned missionary porary scholars. This is surprising, for his rep­ whose writings he admired and whose counsel utation was universal and his scholarship was he invited. beyond question. In his day he was known as Both men were in the prime of their ca­ "the American Statesman of China," and pres­ reers. Well into his second term, Roosevelt idents and diplomats the world over turned to had captured the world's attention and imagi­ his books for their information on Chinese af­ nation with his feats and his rhetoric. He had fairs.^ Nor was Smith merely an observer and defused a potentially explosive coal miners' commentator on the Celestial Empire. At one strike in Pennsylvania, "bullied" the Germans pivotal point in history, just after the so-called out of Venezuela, "taken" Panama and begun the canal, dominated the election campaign of 1904, challenged the trusts, denounced the "muckrakers," invigorated the conservation AUTHOR'S NOTE: I owe a word of thanks to the members of movement, and negotiated the treaty that the Beloit College history department, who critiqued an ended the Russo-Japanese War and earned earlier and much-abbreviated draft of this paper; to Pro­ him the Nobel Peace Prize for 1906. Roosevelt fessor Robert Irrmann of Beloit College, who supplied me was the most popular personality in the with a generous amount of knowledge ofthe college's past and who gave me the picture of Smith and his son; to Pro­ United States and one of the most powerful fessor Wade Provo of Rockford College; to Professor men in the world. David Buck of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Arthur Henderson Smith had likewise and Charles Hayford of Northwestern University, who reached the zenith of his career. He had be­ suggested research sources; to Wallace Dailey of Harvard University, who responded to my queries about Smith's come the most respected authority on China correspondence with Theodore Roosevelt; to Professor of the early twentieth century, and he had Bernard Bailyn of Harvard, whose signature enabled me written the most widely read and influential to complete my research on time; and to the research li­ brarians and archivists at the Andover-Harvard Theolog­ ical Library, Beloit College Archives, Harvard-Yenching Library, Houghton Library, and the Library of Congress, 'The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign who graciously accommodated my requests for books and Missions (ABCFM) gave Smith this title during his speak­ manuscripts. ing tour of the United States in early 1906. Copyright © 1987 by The State Historical Society ofWisconsin. 163 All rights of reproduction in any form reserved WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY SPRING, 1987 Smith was nearly sixty-one at the time ofthe meeting, and his receded hair, whitened beard, and controlled demeanor stood him in stark contrast to the ex-Rough Rider with his famous face and infamous temper. Smith w-as fatherly and affable in manner, serious and in­ tellectual in character. Neither the opulence of the White House nor the aura cast by the President daunted him from the business at hand. Firm in conviction and confident in ap­ proach. Smith seized the opportunity to set forth a plan designed to solidify friendly rela­ tions between China and the United States. He was known for his ability to hold "his acquaint­ ances at command for use as occasions de­ mand," and Smith described his plan with power and persuasion."* "I agree with you ex­ actly," exclaimed Roosevelt repeatedly. "Now tell me what you want me to do."-' Smith explained, and Roosevelt was swayed. The meeting lasted little more than thirty minutes. What resulted would affect the course of Chinese-,American relations for more than thirty years. MITH was born in the small town Arthur Henderson Smith, about the time he left for China in S of Vernon, Connecticut, on July 1872. By permission of the Houghton Library, Harvard 18,1845. His family was modest in wealth but University. rich in respectability, and he was descended book on China ofthe day: Chinese Characteris­ from a distinguished line of scholars, clergy­ tics (1890). Published in numerous languages men, and philanthropists.
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