Nathan Sokal

DESIGN AUTOMATION, INC. / 130-D SEMINARY AVE. #221, AUBURNDALE, MA 02466-2660; U.S.A. TEL. +1 (617) 641-2388 E-MAIL [email protected]

NATHAN O. SOKAL, Staff Engineer and President

Professional Experience

Mr. Sokal founded DESIGN AUTOMATION, INC. in 1965 and has been President of the company since then. He supervised and contributed to many of the projects and products described in the company brochures. His work involved product design, design review, product evaluation, and problem-fixing for electronic equipment and systems for industrial, military, space, and consumer applications, both analog and digital, from dc to UHF, from microwatts to megawatts. Examples are given below. Analog signal processing and high-precision instrumentation: a digitally-controlled analog radar signal cross-correlator; a speech signal processor comprising six precisely-adjustable low-noise feedback-type active filters; a microelectronic random-digit generator of high randomness and low autocorrelation, based on electrical random noise; high-speed wide- dynamic-range precision nonlinear function generators with high-current outputs, for linearizing the nonlinear control characteristics of PIN-diode RF attenuators; a radar video quantizer and digital signal storage and signal processor for a marine collision-avoidance system Switching-mode power conversion and motor-speed control: design of high-efficiency switching-mode power amplifiers (up to 2.5 GHz), dc-dc converters (switching frequency up to 14 MHz), dc-ac inverters, and motor-speed controllers; development of new lossless-snubber technology for improving efficiency and reducing transistor stress in switching-mode power converters and amplifiers; analysis of system instabilities caused by negative input impedance of switching-mode regulating or amplifying systems, and possible remedies High-speed, high-current pulse drivers: development of high-speed high-current drivers to drive PIN-diode RF switches and computer clock buses Digital signal integrity: modification and new design of printed circuit wiring, ground distribution, and line terminations to reduce ringing, overshoot, and undershoot in transmission of high-speed digital signals (particularly, heavily loaded clock buses) in computers and digital-communication equipments Analog monolithic and hybrid IC development: architecture design of a current-mode-control IC and a resonant- converter control IC, for use in switching-mode power supplies; circuit design of monolithic IC for use in electronic push- button switch; analyses of possible timing and logic traps for a LSI monolithic integrated circuit for control of the drive motor in an automatic camera; design of hybrid ICs for RF, IF, audio, and control circuits of radio-paging receiver High-efficiency RF power generation: invention and development of Class E switching-mode high-efficiency RF power amplifier and high-efficiency high-linearity RF power amplifier (e.g., for use in single-sideband transmitter) RF technology: PIN-diode RF power switches; conventional-sized and microelectronic RF filters, power amplifiers, and receivers; system design and analysis for a time-division-multiplexed i-f amplifier system for a monopulse radar, considering high-speed switches, spectral analyses of sampled signals, switching noise and channel-to-channel crosstalk as functions of signal bandwidth, sampling rate, and non-idealities of the switches, amplifiers, and filters EMI/RFI: equipment redesign to eliminate malfunctions caused by susceptibility to, and generation of, radiated and conducted electromagnetic interference Video display equipment: development of high-speed video and deflection amplifiers for magnetic-deflection CRT displays and computer-output-to-microfilm equipment Digital data-communication equipment: computer interfaces and digital data modems for data communication via RS- 232, RS-422, RS-423, and coaxial-cable channels Prediction of nuclear-radiation effects: computer simulation of numerous analog and digital circuits for prediction of response to transient radiation and of long-term performance degradation from total dose Computer-aided design: development and application of techniques for efficient use of computer programs for analysis of electronic circuits and systems; development of semiconductor-device modeling methods for use in circuit simulation; computer simulation and analysis of many analog and digital circuits for pre-fabrication design, analysis, optimization, and evaluation of production-tolerance effects; development of Design Automation's HEPA, HB, and RESOCAD programs for very fast simulation of the steady-state periodic response and of the transient response to a change of any combination of circuit parameters, of a circuit driven by periodically operated switches, and circuit design, analysis, and optimization; consulting to clients' software-development projects on simulation-program specifications and evaluation of their program design Technical assistance to attorneys: preparing drafts for patent applications, and dialogs with U. S. Patent Office examiners about patentability; analyses of clients' patents and opponents' equipment, clients' equipment and opponents' patents, and client's opponent's similar unpatented designs, to determine technical bases for allegations or defenses regarding patent infringement or copying of trade dress, including expert-witness testimony in court; assisting client in preparation of a claim against the U. S. Government for a contract change of scope based on alleged inconsistencies among the contract requirements, deficiencies in the Government-furnished design, misrepresentations by the Government as to the adequacy of the design, and technical direction (and lack thereof) furnished by the Government during the contract effort; expert witness in lawsuits alleging defective design of automatic doors that closed and struck pedestrians who were passing through doorways Teaching: seminars in computer-aided circuit analysis, device modeling for computer simulation, high-frequency power-converter design, switching-mode power-supply design, RF power amplifiers, and maintaining signal quality in high-speed digital systems Automatic test equipment: devising and programming test methods for production-testing of Polaris and Poseidon analog and digital electronic assemblies on programmable general-purpose automatic test equipment

From 1964 to 1965, Mr. Sokal was Manager of Research and Development at Di/An Controls, Inc., Boston, MA, directing development projects on low-power miniature aerospace magnetic-core memories, high-speed general-purpose core memories, magnetic-core/transistor logic elements and stable oscillators, and a system design study for a satellite- borne digital data processor to insert latitude/longitude grids and auxiliary annotations onto weather pictures to be transmitted from the Automatic Picture Transmission system on NIMBUS weather satellites. From 1959 to 1964, Mr. Sokal was with Sylvania Electronic Systems Division, Needham, MA. His first assignment was as a Section Head responsible for the design of several series of digital logic circuits for use in commercial digital flight simulators and in military computers and digital communications systems, and a semiautomatic tester for performing functional, dynamic, and dc production tests on one of the series of digital modules, which were constructed in high-density cordwood potted modules. Three of the military developments went into large-scale production and demonstrated excellent performance in the field. In 1962, Mr. Sokal was promoted to Department Manager in charge of advanced development of digital electronic techniques. He was responsible for planning and directing development projects in all-magnetic logic, magnetic thin-film memory, 400-MHz tunnel-diode logic, data electronics and servos for a high-performance militarized magnetic tape transport, and automated design of electronic circuits. He also served as a consultant to Sylvania Semiconductor Division on logic functions and circuit design for integrated digital logic circuits. Sylvania's introduction of TTL integrated circuits to the market evolved from his recommendations at that time. From 1956 to 1959, he was a Senior Engineer with Di/An Controls, Inc., and its predecessor, Mack Electronics Division. He was responsible for the development of an interferometer counter and readout system with formatted Flexowriter punched tape and typed output for rocket flight data reduction, and two different digital cross-correlated sonar signal detection systems using binary pseudo-random transmitted code streams. Each system cross-correlated the contents of two recirculating shift registers. One system used two 500-stage 2-MHz transistor-circuit shift registers; the other used 2048-bit coincident-current core memories operated in sequential-address mode. He designed major portions of other core memories and special-purpose magnetic computing and data-processing equipment. During his last year at Di/An Controls he was also Technical Sales Manager, responsible for customer technical contacts, application engineering, and preparation of product specifications and data sheets. From 1951 to 1956, he was at the M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA; as a Staff Member from 1951 to 1954, and as an Air Force Lieutenant from 1954 to 1956. He designed an electronic facsimile system using a CRT flying-spot scanner, and the data modems to transmit and receive the facsimile signals via long-distance carrier telephone circuits. He designed the equipment and the tests for experimental evaluation of a new synchronization method for transmission of digital data over carrier-telephone circuits; the new method was shown to have greatly superior resistance to frequency shifts in a suppressed-carrier system, and to line noise. He performed a theoretical prediction and experimental confirmation of dynamic performance and error in a sampled-data azimuth position servo for a radar PPI indicator. He designed the following subsystems for a digital radar data processor later manufactured as the AN/FST-2: a video quantizer, a video-mapper attachment for a radar indicator, and clock and range-mark generators. He designed the memory test equipment and conducted experiments on an air-supported magnetic drum for high-density storage of digital data. He calculated the expected propagation loss for a VHF radio link, taking account of the antennae heights and the terrain contour along the propagation path. From 1950 to 1951, Mr. Sokal was an Electronic Engineer with Holmes and Narver, Inc., Los Angeles, California, engaged in instrumentation, data recording, and data reduction for the 1951 series of atomic-weapons tests at Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands. During his junior, senior, and graduate years at M.I.T., Mr. Sokal was a Cooperative Student Engineer at Philco Corporation, Philadelphia, PA. During four semesters at Philco he worked in the Research, Engineering, and Test Engineering Departments. He designed a low-noise 30-MHz IF amplifier for use in studies of low-noise microwave detectors, a Geiger counter, the control unit for the AN/APS-35 radar, and test equipment for power thyratrons, and he made acoustic and electrical tests of loudspeakers and cabinets, and of design changes to them.

Professional Organizations

Awarded the “Microwave Pioneer” award, 2007, by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (“IEEE”) Microwave Theory and Techniques Society, “in recognition of a major, lasting, contribution, through publication in an archival journal, in the field of interest of the MTT-S, at least twenty years prior to the year of the award.” The citation reads “for development of the Class-E [high-efficiency switching-mode] RF power amplifier.”

2 2007, elected a Fellow of the Electromagnetics Academy honorary professional society. Elected a Fellow of the IEEE, 1989, for his contributions to the technology of high-efficiency power conversion and RF- power amplification. He is a member of the IEEE professional groups on Power Electronics, Industrial Electronics, Industry Applications, and Microwave Theory and Techniques. Member, Eta Kappa Nu and Sigma Xi honorary professional societies. Participating Member, Design Automation Technical Committee and Simulation Technical Committee of IEEE Computer Society, and IEEE Technical Committee on Computers in Power Electronics Technical Advisor on RF power amplifiers, radio transmitters, and dc power supplies since 1979 and Member since 1968, American Radio Relay League Research Management Association; Board of Governors 1975 to 1980 (Chairman 1978-1980) Reviewer of technical papers for publications and conferences: IEEE publications: J. Solid-State Circuits, Trans. Circuits and Systems, Trans. Electron Devices, Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, Microwave and Guided-Wave Letters, Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Trans. Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Trans. Power Electronics, Trans. Industrial Electronics, Trans. Industry Applications, and Proceedings; IEEE conferences: Power Electronics Specialists Conference (Program Committee since 1987), International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (Program Committee, 1975), Applied Power Electronics Conference (Program Committee since 1986), and Design Automation Conference (Program Committee since 1985); Trans. South African Institute of Electrical Engineers, EPE [European Power Electronics] Journal and EPE Conference, International Power Electronics Conference [IEE of Japan], and IET [Institution of Engineer and Technology, U.K.]: Proc. Circuits, Devices, & Systems. External Reviewer for University of Hong Kong: Ph.D. theses and research-grant applications Specialist Referee for Hong Kong Research Grants Council, evaluating proposals for research grants to be awarded by the Government of Hong Kong Reviewer of proposals for research grants: National Science Foundation, and Rehabilitative Engineering Research and Development Service, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, U.S. Veterans' Administration

Education

M.S.E.E and B.S.E.E, 1950, Cooperative Course in Electrical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Graduate Courses: Management of Research and Development, 1961; Solid-State Physics, 1954; and Theory of Solid State, 1955; Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts. Lecture Series sponsored by IEEE Boston Chapter: “Microwave Devices & Applications,” 1975; “Applications of Coding and Modulation Techniques to Digital Communication,” 1973; “Computer-Aided Electronic Engineering,” 1968.

Publications, Conference Participation, Patents, and Tutorial Courses, author or co-author

Books: RF Front-End World Class Designs (Chapter 7), Newnes (imprint of Elsevier), Burlington, MA, 2009. Switchmode RF Power Amplifiers, Newnes (imprint of Elsevier), Burlington, MA, 2007. Dynamic Analysis of Switching-Mode DC/DC Converters, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY, 1991. [Reprinted by Design Automation, Inc., 1996, 1997, and 2003, with additions and corrections at each printing]

Book Chapter: "Class-E High-Efficiency RF/Microwave Power Amplifiers: Principles of Operation, Design Procedures, and Experimental Verification," chapter (pp. 269-301) in book Analog Circuit Design -- Scalable Analog Circuit Design, High-Speed D/A Converters, RF Power Amplifiers, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2002, ISBN 0-7923-7621-8.

Tutorial Courses: “RF/Microwave Switching-Mode Power Amplifiers, Classes D, E, DE, F2, F3, and S: How the Circuits Operate, How to Design Them, and When to Use Each,” Colloquium at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, May 2008 Workshop WMB, IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, San Francisco, CA, June 2006. “RF Power Amplifiers, Classes A - S: How the Circuits Operate, How to Design Them, and When to Use Each,” tutorial course presented in two days or one day or six 2.5-hour evening sessions, or as truncated half-day tutorials: C.S. Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, November-December 2010 Cobham Defense Electronic Systems, Lansdale, PA, November 2008 Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, April 2008 HVVi Semiconductors, Phoenix, AZ, January 2008 US Monolithics LLC, Gilbert, AZ, May 2007 R. A. Wood Associates, Baltimore, MD, March 2007 University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, November 2006 R.A. Wood Associates, Philadelphia, PA, November 2005 IEEE Boston Section, October-November 2004 3 Agere Systems Inc., Allentown, PA, April 2004 HYPRES, Inc., Elmsford, NY, February 2004 Motorola, Inc., Libertyville, IL, September 2002 IEEE Boston Section, March-April 2002 National Semiconductor Corp., Norcross, GA, January 2002 R.A. Wood Associates, Lake George, NY, September 2001 IEEE International Microwave Symposium, Phoenix, AZ, June 2001 EEM Advancement Centre Pte Ltd, Singapore, April 2001 Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Korea, April 2001 Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, April 2001 Atmel Wireless and Microcomputer, Heilbronn, Germany, April 2001 IEEE Boston Section, March-May 2001 Analog Devices, Inc., Wilmington, MA, March 2001 IEEE International Microwave Symposium, Boston, MA, June 2000 Lockheed Martin Co., Syracuse, NY, June 2000 IEEE Boston Section, February-March 2000 EEM Advancement Centre Pte Ltd, Singapore, December 1999 Texas Instruments, Inc., Dallas, Texas, April 1999 MITRE Corp., McLean, VA, February 1999 MITRE Corp., Bedford, MA, February 1999 Siemens AG (now Infineon Technologies AG), Munich, Germany, October 1998 Huettinger Elektronik GmbH, Freiburg, Germany, October 1998 University of Surrey, Surrey, U.K., July 1998 Alpha Industries (now Skyworks Solutions, Inc.), October 1997 Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA, April 1997 Half-day open-attendance tutorials: Wireless & Microwave Technology Conference & Exhibition, Chantilly, VA, October 1997 IEEE ELECTRO '95, Boston, MA, May 1995 RF Expo West, San Diego, CA, January 1995 RF Expo East, Orlando, FL, November 1994 RF Expo East, Orlando, FL, October 1991

Invited Lectures: "RF Power Amplifiers," 3-hour tutorial in series "RF Integrated Circuits – Design and Techniques," Boston (MA) Section, IEEE, Nov. 1995. "Class-E High-Efficiency RF Power Amplifiers: Principles of Operation, Design Procedure, Effects of Non-Ideal Circuit Components, and Fast Computer Simulation," invited lecture presented at: National University of Singapore, July 1994 Hong Kong Polytechnic, June 1994 Communications Research Centre, Canadian Department of Communications, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, October 1992 University of Padova, Italy, June 1992 Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal, June 1992 Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterey, Torreon, Mexico, October 1991. "Multi-MHz Resonant Dc/dc Converters," invited lecture presented at: National University of Singapore, July 1994 Hong Kong Polytechnic, June 1994 University of Padova, Italy, June 1992 Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal, June 1992

Five-Day Course: Co-Instructor for five-day course “Power-Supply Design,” George Washington University, Washington, DC, Sept. 1992

Publications:

Letter to the Editor, commenting on [Bob LaFrance, “A New Approach to Modulating the Class-E AM Transmitter,” QEX, issue no. 227, Nov/Dec 2004, pp. 47-54], QEX, issue no. 228, Jan/Feb 2005, pp. 59-60. “DC-DC Converter [for high input voltage]: Four Switches Vpk = Vin/2, Capacitive Turn-Off Snubbing, ZV [zero-voltage] Turn-On,” IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 918-927, July 2004. “RF and Microwave Power Amplifier and Transmitter Technologies,” 5-part series: High Frequency Electronics, vol. 2, nos. 3-6, May 2003 (pp. 22, 24, 26, 28-30, 32, 34, 36), July 2003 (pp. 22, 24, 26, 28, 30-32, 34, 36), Sept. 2003 (pp. 34, 36, 38, 40, 42-44, 46, 48), Nov. 2003 (even-numbered pp. 38-48, 49), and vol. 3, no. 1, Jan. 2004, pp. 46, 48-50, 52, 54. "Class-EM Switching-Mode Tuned Power Amplifier – High Efficiency with Slow-Switching Transistor," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory & Techniques, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 1662-1676, June 2003. "New Driving Scheme for High-Efficiency Synchronous Rectification in Wide-Input-Voltage-Range DC/DC Converter has Output Current always Flowing through a Low-Resistance Switch," IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, June 2002, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.

4 "Power Amplifiers and Transmitters for RF and Microwave," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory & Techniques, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 814- 826, March 2002. "Class-E High-Efficiency RF/Microwave Power Amplifiers: Principles of Operation, Design Procedures, and Experimental Verification," 10th Workshop: Advances in Analog Circuit Design (AACD 2001), Noordwijk, The Netherlands, April 2001 [short version of the Kluwer book chapter above]. "Class-E RF Power Amplifiers," QEX, Issue No. 204, Jan./Feb. 2001, pp. 9-20. [Same text as Kluwer book chapter above; expanded version of papers from June 1998 and June 2000 IEEE International Microwave Symposia, adding information on gate and base drivers and tuning the amplifier output. Available from Sokal as file Sokal2corrected.pdf (231,927 bytes).] “Paid in Full?” Systems Integrator, a Penton Publication, Summer 2002, pp.15-17 [a shortened version of the 4-part series in IEEE*USA Today's Engineer, listed below] 4-part series of articles in IEEE*USA Today's Engineer, related to consulting practices, included in IEEE-USA E-book The Best of IEEE-USA Today’s Engineer: On Consulting, published in June 2005: Part 1, March 2001, "Consulting – How to Make Sure You Get Paid for Your Work." Part 2, May-June 2001, "Fixed-Price Versus Time-and-Materials Consulting Contracts: Be Sure You Know What You’re Getting Into." Part 3, Nov.-Dec. 2001, "Successful Consulting: Don't Give Away the Store Before the Job is Yours." Part 4, Sept. 2002, "Successful Consulting: Make the Transition from Marketing to Paid Consulting as Quickly as Possible." "Cellular Handset Amplification," World Mobile Technology, Issue 3, 2000/2001, pp. 98-99. "Class-E Switching-Mode High-Efficiency RF/Microwave Power Amplifier: Improved Design Equations," IEEE International Microwave Symposium, Boston, MA, June 2000. "Class E High-Efficiency Power Amplifiers, from HF to Microwave," IEEE International Microwave Symposium, Baltimore, MD, June 1998. "DC/DC Converter for High Input Voltage: Four Switches with Peak Voltage of Vin/2, Capacitive Turn-Off Snubbing, and Zero- Voltage Turn-On," IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, May 1998, Fukuoka, Japan. "Step-Down Rectifier Makes a Simple DC Power Supply," EDN, April 9, 1998, pp. 169-170, 173-174, 177-178, 180. "A Capacitor-Fed, Voltage-Step-Down, Single-Phase, Non-Isolated Rectifier," IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference, Feb. 1998, Anaheim, CA. “Signal Envelope Elimination and Restoration in Class-E, High-Efficiency Linear RF Power Amplifiers,” QST , vol. 82, no. 1, Jan. 1998, p. 80. "DC/DC Converter for High Input Voltage: Four Switches with Peak Voltage of Vin/2, Capacitive Turn-Off Snubbing, and Zero- Voltage Turn-On; Tested at 600 V Input, 1.5 kW Output (25 A at 60 V), and 50-kHz Switching Frequency, with Full-Load Efficiency of 93.6%," 6th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference (COBEP '97), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, Dec. 1997. "Control Algorithms and Circuit Designs for Optimal Flyback-Charging of an Energy-Storage Capacitor (e.g., for Flash Lamp or Defibrillator)," IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 885-894, Sept. 1997. "High-Efficiency RF Power Amplifiers, Classes B Through F – Principles (Overview, shortened version of 4-hour tutorial)," IEEE Electronic Industries Forum, Boston, MA, May 1997. "RF Power Amplifiers, Classes A Through S (Overview)," 1.5-hour tutorial [shortened oral presentation of material from ELECTRO'95, but printed text is complete and updated from ELECTRO'95], IEEE ELECTRO'96, Somerset, NJ, May 1996. "Flyback Charging [an energy-storage capacitor] with Current Mode Controlled Flyback Converter," U.S. Patent 5,485,361, Jan. 16, 1996. "A New Family of Single-Stage Isolated Power-Factor Correctors with Fast Regulation of the Output Voltage," and Chairman of Session "Unity Power Factor Converters," IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, June 1994. "Tradeoffs in Practical Design of Class-E High-Efficiency RF Power Amplifiers," Proc. RF Expo East, Tampa, FL, Oct. 1993, pp. 100-117 and Proc. RF Expo West, San Jose, CA, March 1993. "Class-E Power Amplifier Delivers 24 W at 27 MHz, at 89-92% Efficiency, Using One Transistor Costing $0.85," Proc. RF Expo East, Tampa, FL, Oct. 1993, pp. 118-127 and Proc. RF Expo West, San Jose, CA, March 1993. "Radiofrequency (RF) Warming Gloves with a High-Efficiency Power Source for Divers," BioElectroMagnetics Society 15th Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, June 1993, Abstract Book, pp. 132-133. Co-Instructor for five-day course "Power-Supply Design," George Washington University, Washington, DC, Sept. 1992. "Class-E Power Amplifier Output Power, Efficiency, and Output Impedance vs. Loaded Q and Component Parasitic Losses," Proc. RF Expo East, Orlando, FL, October 1991. Chairman of Session "ZVS DC-DC Converters," and panelist in Rap Session: "Do We Need Faster Switches?," IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Cambridge, MA, June 1991. "Resonant Power Converter: Computer-Aided Prediction of Voltage-Control Function and Transfer Functions, and Avoidance of Control-Loop Lock-Up," High Frequency Power Conversion Conference, Toronto, Canada, June 1991. "Computer Programs Design, Simulate, and Optimize High-Efficiency Switching-Mode RF Power Amplifiers (Class AB, B, C, E, F)," Proc. RF Expo West, Santa Clara, CA, Feb. 1991, pp. 199-226 and Proc. RF Expo East, Orlando, FL, Nov. 1990, pp. 585-612. "A Novel Soft-Switching Full-Bridge DC/DC Converter: Analysis, Design Considerations, and Experimental Results at 1.5 kW, 100 kHz," IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, San Antonio, TX, June 1990, pp. 162-172; reprinted in Power Electronics Technology and Applications 1993, IEEE Press, New York, NY, 1993, and with corrections in IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 6, no. 3, July 1991, pp. 408-418. "Overcurrent Protection for Switching Mode Power Converter," U.S. Patent 4,928,200, May 22, 1990. "Introduction to Switching-Mode Power-Supply Design," eleven-day tutorial seminar presented at Minebea Electronics Co., Shizuoka, Japan, May 1990. "Control Algorithms and Circuit Designs for Optimally Flyback-Charging an Energy-Storage Capacitor (e.g., for a Flash Lamp)," and Chairman of Session "Resonant and Quasi-Resonant Converters," IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference, Los Angeles, CA, March 1990. 5 "Computer-Aided Design and Optimization of Regulated Zero-Voltage-Switching Single-Ended Resonant DC/DC Converter, Including Voltage-Control Function," (2.5-hour tutorial), Computer Tools for Power Conference, Long Beach, CA, Feb. 1990. "Computer-Aided Design of High-Efficiency RF Power Amplifiers and Resonant DC/DC Power Converters," Proc. RF Expo East, Atlantic City, NJ, Oct. 1989. "Technology Update  Current-Mode Control," Powertechnics, vol. 5, no. 7, July 1989. "Filters with Unequal Ripples in the Pass-Band for Class E Power Amplifiers," poster session, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Portland, OR, May 1989. "A New Class-E DC/DC Converter Family with Reduced Parts Count: Derivation, Topologies, and Design Considerations," High Frequency Power Conversion Conference, Naples, FL, May 1989. "Over-Current Timer Modulator" (for use in power-converter control IC), U.S. Patent 4,819,122, April 4, 1989. "Designing Current-Mode Control Loops with General-Purpose CAE Tools," (2-hour tutorial), PowerCAD '88, Long Beach, CA, Nov. 1988. "Capacitor-Input Rectifier Circuit Design for Off-Line Power Converters," PowerCAD '88, Long Beach, CA, Nov. 1988. "Simulating Zero-Voltage-Switching Resonant Converters – Fast!," Powertechnics, vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 27, 28, 30, 31, Sept. 1988. "Transformer Saturation and Unusual System Oscillation in Capacitively Coupled Half-Bridge or Full-Bridge Forward Converters: Causes, Analyses, and Cures," IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Kyoto, Japan, April 1988. "Superiority of Current-Mode Control, for Stability Over Wide Ranges of Output Capacitance and ESR," Power Electronics Conference, Anaheim, CA, Feb. 1988. "Current-Mode Control of Capacitively Coupled Power Converters," U.S. Patent 4,719,559, Jan. 1988. "Computer Program `RECTSIM' for Accurate Computation of Performance of Capacitor-Input Rectifier Circuit," PowerCAD '87 Symposium, Los Angeles, CA, Sept. 1987. "Computer Program `RESOCAD' for Fast Simulation of Zero-Voltage-Switching Resonant Power Converters," PowerCAD '87 Symposium, Los Angeles, CA, Sept. 1987. "Overload-Protection Methods for Switching-Mode DC/DC Converters: Classification, Analysis, and Improvements," and Session Chairman, "Quasi-Resonant Converters," IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Blacksburg, VA, June 1987. "Power Transistor Output Port Model, for Analyzing a Switching-Mode RF Power Amplifier or Resonant Power Converter," R.F. Design, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 45-48, 50, 51, 53, June 1987. "Model for Switching Power Transistor Output Port, for Analyzing High-Frequency Resonant Power Converters," Power Electronics Conference, Boxborough, MA, April 1987. "How to Use Current-Mode Control with Capacitively Coupled Half-Bridge Converters," IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference, San Diego, CA, March 1987. "Designer's Guide to PC-Board Logic Design, Part 1 - Use of check list prevents problems in TTL systems," EDN, Nov. 13, 1986, pp. 253-258, 260, 262; "Part 2 - Check lists help you avoid trouble with MOS and memory ICs," EDN, Nov. 27, 1986, pp. 229-232, 234, 235. "A 14-MHz 100-Watt Class E Resonant Converter: Principles, Design Considerations and Measured Performance," Power Electronics Conference, Oct. 7, 1986, San Jose, CA. "Class E High-Frequency High-Efficiency DC/DC Power Converter," U.S. Patent 4,607,323, Aug. 1986. "Near-Optimum Dynamic Regulation of DC/DC Converters, Using Feed-Forward of Output Current and Input Voltage, with Current- Mode Control," IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. PE-1, no. 3, July 1986, pp. 181-192. "Frequency Stabilization and Synchronization of Free-Running Current-Mode-Controlled Converters," IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, June 1986, Vancouver, BC, Canada. "High-Frequency Switching-Mode Power Converters: General Considerations, and Design Examples at 0.6, 1.0, and 14 MHz" (two- hour tutorial), High Frequency Power Conversion Conference, May 1986, Virginia Beach, VA. “Management Ethic,” Electronic Engineering Times, March 3, 1986, p. 32. “What a Design Engineer Should Know About Current-Mode Control," Power Electronics Design Conf., Oct. 1985, Anaheim, CA. "Nondissipative Turn-Off Snubber in a Forward Converter: Analysis, Design, Procedure, and Experimental Verification," Systems & Applied Technology Conference, Oct. 1985, Chicago, IL. "Circuits Eliminate Power-Supply Surge Currents," EDN, vol. 30, no. 20, pp. 141-144, 145, Sept. 5, 1985. "Current-Mode Control, Five Different Types, Used With the Three Basic Classes of Power Converters: Small-Signal AC and Large- Signal DC Characterization, Stability Requirements, and Implementation of Practical Circuits," IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, June 1985, Toulouse, France. "Cause of Instability of Power Amplifier with Parallel-Connected Power Transistors," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC-19, no. 4, pp. 541-542, Aug. 1984. "Small-Signal Dynamic Analysis of Regulated Class-E DC/DC Converters," IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, June 1984, Gaithersburg, MD; reprinted in IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. PE-1, no. 2, pp. 120-128, April 1986. "Technical and Business Experiences of an Electronics Consulting Firm in the U.S.A." (invited lecture), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, Sept. 1983. "High-Efficiency Switching-Mode RF Power Amplifiers for CW and Linear (e.g., SSB) Applications" (invited lecture), Technical University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary, Sept. 1983. "Class-E Resonant Regulated DC/DC Power Converters: Analysis of Operation, and Experimental Results at 1.5 MHz," IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, June 1983, Albuquerque, NM; reprinted in IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. PE-1, no. 2, pp. 111- 120, April 1986. "R-C-Diode Turn-off Snubber: Peak Vce, Snubber and Transistor Power Dissipation, and Optimum Design, For Use In Transformer- Coupled Power Converters having Non-negligible Transformer Leakage Inductance," Power Conversion & Intelligent Motion, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 34, 36, 38, Oct. 1985; earlier version presented at Sixth International PCI Conference on Power Conversion, Orlando, FL, April 1983.

6 "How to Predict and Limit Volt-Second Unbalance in Voltage-Fed Push-Pull Power Converters," Sixth International PCI Conference on Power Conversion, Orlando, FL, April 1983; reprinted in PCIM magazine, Oct. 1985. "Near-Optimum Dynamic Performance of Switching-Mode Power Converters Using Feed-Forward of Output Current and Input Voltage with Current-Mode Control," 4th ESTEC Spacecraft Power Conditioning Seminar, Noordwijk, Netherlands, Nov. 1982. "Nondissipative Turn-Off Snubber Alleviates Switching Power Dissipation, Second-Breakdown Stress and VCE Overshoot: Analysis, Design Procedure and Experimental Verification," IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Cambridge, MA, June 1982. Also Session Co-Chairman, session "Power-Conditioning Applications." "Electronics Design Review: What, Why, How, When and Who," Design News, vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 118-120, 122, May 24, 1982. "Comments on `Class E Tuned Power Amplifier With Shunt Inductor'," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC-17, no. 1, p. 81, Feb. 1982. "Class E High-Efficiency Switching-Mode Tuned Power Amplifier With Only One Inductor and One Capacitor In Load Network  Approximate Analysis," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC-16, no. 4, pp. 380-384, Aug. 1981. "Push-Pull Current-Fed Multiple-Output Regulated Wide-Input-Range DC/DC Power Converter with Only One Inductor and with 0 to 100% Switch Duty Ratio: Operation at Duty Ratio Below 50%," IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Boulder, Colorado, July 1981. Reprinted in J. International Power Conversion Society, Winter 1983, pp. 42-50. "Zener or Extra Winding Copes with Leakage Inductance," Electronic Design, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 159-161, April 30, 1981. "High-Efficiency Linear Power Amplification of Modulated Carrier Signals by Envelope Elimination and Restoration," IEEE Vehicular Technology Society Annual Conference, Washington, DC, April 1981. "Power Feedthrough via CCB in Common-Emitter Class C RF Power Amplifiers – a Commonly Believed Fallacy," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC-16, no. 2, pp. 113-116, April 1981. "Push-Pull Current-Fed Multiple-Output Regulated DC/DC Power Converter With Only One Inductor and With 0 to 100% Switch Duty Ratio," IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Atlanta, GA, June 1980. "Parasitic Oscillation in Solid-State RF Power Amplifiers – Causes and Cures – Demystified," IEEE ELECTRO/80 Conference, Boston, MA, May 1980; reprinted in R.F. Design, vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 32-36, Nov./Dec. 1980 and in Swedish translation in Modern Electronik, Part 1, no. 5, pp. 36-38, 40, 42, March 6, 1981. [Updated version available from Mr. Sokal.] "Switching-Mode Power Converters: Optimizing Dynamic Behavior with Input and Output Feed-Forward and Current-Mode Control," POWERCON 7 Conference, San Diego, CA, March 1980. "Unsolved Theoretical Problem in Design of Optimal Low-Pass Filter for Harmonic Suppression in Radio-Transmitter Output," IEEE Trans. Circuits & Systems, vol. CAS-27, no. 3, p. 235, March 1980. "Class E, A New Approach to Predictable Design of High-Efficiency RF Power Amplifiers," IEEE National Telecommunications Conference, Washington, DC, Nov. 1979. "Class E Switching-Mode RF Power Amplifiers – Low Power Dissipation, Low Sensitivity to Component Tolerances (Including Transistors), and Well-Defined Operation," IEEE ELECTRO/79 Conference, New York, NY, April 1979; reprinted in R.F. Design, vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 33-38, 41, July/Aug. 1980. "Transistor Power Losses in the Class E Tuned Power Amplifier," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC-13, no. 6, pp. 912-914, Dec. 1978. "Accurate Measurement of RF Power Amplifier Efficiency and Power Output Without an RF Power Meter," IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC-12, no. 5, pp. 584-586, Oct. 1977. "Class E Can Boost the Efficiency of RF Power Amplifiers and Keep Transistors Cool and Reliable," Electronic Design, vol. 25, no. 20, pp. 96-102, Sept. 27, 1977. "Unseen Emitter-Base Breakdown in RF Power Amplifiers – a Possible Hazard," IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC-12, no. 3, pp. 319-322, June 1977. High-efficiency linear RF power amplifier using switching-mode power amplification: "Linear Power Amplifying Systems for Providing Modulated Carrier Signal Outputs," British Patent 1,474,951, May 1977. "Amplifying and Processing Systems for Providing Modulated Carrier Signal Outputs," British Patent 1,474,952, May 1977. "Harmonic Output of Class E RF Power Amplifiers and Load Coupling Network Design," IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC-12, no. 1, pp. 86-88, Feb. 1977. "Watch That Transistor Phase Lag," Electronic Design, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 121-123, Jan. 4, 1977. "A Circuit Operating Mode Which May Cause Deterioration or Failure of RF Power Transistors by Repetitive Emitter-Base Reverse Breakdown," Government Microcircuit Applications Conference, Lake Buena Vista, FL, Nov. 1976. "Measurement of VCE(sat) of RF Power Transistors and of Waveform Details Near VCE(sat)," IEEE J. of Solid-StateCircuits, vol. SC-11, no. 4, pp. 555-557, Aug. 1976. "Feed-Forward Control for Switching-Mode Power Converters – A Design Example," and chairman of session, "Components for Power Conversion III (ICs and Hybrids)," POWERCON 3 Conference, Beverly Hills, CA, June 1976. "Prevent Emitter-Follower Oscillation by Understanding its Causes," Electronic Design, vol. 24, no. 13, pp. 110-113, June 21, 1976. "RF Power Transistor Storage Time: Theory and Measurements," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC-11, no. 2, pp. 344-346, April 1976. "Optimizing Switching Regulator Transient Response," Solid-State Power Conversion, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 8, 11-13, Nov./Dec. 1975. "High-Efficiency Tuned Switching Power Amplifier," U.S. Patent 3,919,656, November 1975. "Improving Load and Line Transient Response of Switching Regulators by Feedforward Techniques," POWERCON 2 Conference, New York, NY, Oct. 1975. "Preventing Input-Filter Oscillation in Switching Regulators," POWERCON 2 Conference, New York, NY, Oct. 1975. "Amplifying and Processing Apparatus for Modulated Carrier Signals" (high-efficiency linear RF power amplifier), U.S. Patent 3,900,823 Aug. 1975. "Class E, a New Class of High-Efficiency Tuned Single-Ended Switching Power Amplifiers," IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC- 10, no. 3, pp. 168-176, June 1975, and in Japanese translation in Nikkei Electronics, pp. 127-141, March 22, 1976. "Designing With Preferred Component Values Cuts Cost," Electronics, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 109-111, Feb. 20, 1975. 7 "Variable Voltage Source Has Independently Adjustable TC," Electronics, p. 105, June 13, 1974. "Watch Out for Problems in Switching-Mode Power Equipment. Filters added to prevent EMI can cause your system to oscillate," Electronic Design, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 144-145, Jan. 4, 1974. "System Oscillations from Negative Input Resistance at Power Input Port of Switching-Mode Regulator, Amplifier, DC/DC Inverter," IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Pasadena, CA, June 1973. "Optimum Choice of Noise Frequency Band and Sampling Rate for Generating Random Binary Digits from Clipped White Noise," IEEE Trans. Computers, vol. C-21, no. 6, pp. 614-615, June 1972. "Optimum Design for Efficiency of Tuned Single-Ended Switching Power Amplifiers," IEEE International Symposium on Circuit Theory, North Hollywood, CA, April 1972. Instructor of "Component Modeling" in lecture series "Reliability Tools in Component Engineering," IEEE Reliability Group, Boston Section, Nov. 1971. Panel Member, Session on "Why Automate?" IEEE Eastern Electronic Packaging Conference, Boston, MA, Nov. 1971. "Solve Static Saturation in Your Astable Multi[vibrator]," Electronic Design, p. 94, March 15, 1971. "Computer-Aided Circuit Design," IEEE WESCON, Los Angeles, CA, Aug. 1970. Member, IEEE Electron Devices Group Committee on Computer-Aided Design and Application of Devices, 1970. Guest Lecturer in continuing-education course, "Computer-Aided Analysis and Design," Northeastern University, Boston, MA, Jan. 1970. Session chairman, sessions on "Computer-Aided Design" and "Device Modeling for Computer-Aided Design" and presented paper "Modeling Requirements Dictated by Program Capabilities and Restrictions" in second session listed above, IEEE NEREM, Boston, MA, Nov. 1969. Panel Member, "Modeling" session, IEEE CADAR Workshop on Computer-Aided Circuit Design, Cambridge, MA, April 1969. "Why, What and How to Compute, Time, Cost, Models," Session on "Computers Can Help Solve Your Microwave Problems," IEEE National Convention; New York, NY, March 1969. "Modeling Transistors and Diodes for Computer-Aided Nonlinear Analysis," National Electronics Conference, Chicago, IL, Dec. 1968. Instructor in lecture series "Computer-Aided Electronic Engineering," IEEE CADAR Group, Boston Section, Nov. 1968. Instructor of sessions "Measurement of Model Parameters" and "Engineering Considerations for Models and Programs," National Electronics Conference Seminar, "Computer-Aided Circuit Design and Analysis," St. Charles, IL, Oct. 1968. "Improved Integrated Circuit and Process Design Through Computer Simulation," IEEE Microelectronics Symposium, St. Louis, MO, June 1968. Instructor for session "Parameter Measurement and Model Determination," in continuing education course Semiconductor Models for Computer Analysis," University of Wisconsin, University Extension, Madison, WI, April 1968. Panel Member, sessions on "Device Models for Computer-Aided Circuit Design" and "A Critical Appraisal of Computer-Aided Circuit Design" and presented paper, "A Critical Appraisal of Batch-Processed Computer-Aided Circuit Analysis," NEREM, Boston, MA, Nov. 1967; paper reprinted in Design Electronics, Dec. 1967. "Special Device Models for Efficient Computer-Aided Circuit Analysis," IEEE CADAR Group, Boston Section, Sept. 1967. Panel Member in summer course "On-line Circuit Design," Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, July 1967. 3-part series on modeling transistors and diodes for circuit simulation: "Diode Model is Analyzed by Computer," Electronic Design, pp. 80-84, July 5, 1967. "Assign the Proper Numerical Values," Electronic Design, pp. 60-66, June 21, 1967. "Use a Good Switching Transistor Model," Electronic Design, pp. 54-60, June 7, 1967. Panel Member, session "Time-Sharing vs. Batch-Processing," of seminar "Computer-Aided Circuit Design," Sponsored by NASA Electronics Research Center, Cambridge, MA, April 1967. Panel Member, session on "General Analysis," IEEE Circuits Standards Committee Conference, Baton Rouge, LA, Jan. 1967. Instructor in continuing education course "Computer Aids for Reliability Analysis of Electronics," University of Wisconsin, University Extension, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Jan. 1967. Instructor in course "Use of Computers in Reliability," IEEE, Boston Section, Oct. 1966. Guest Lecturer at graduate courses in Computer-Aided Circuit Analysis (spring 1966), Microelectronics (spring 1967 and spring 1968) and Microelectronic Packaging (fall 1967), Northeastern University, Boston, MA. Panel Member, session on "Computer-Aided Circuit Design," IEEE NEREM, Boston, MA, Nov. 1966. "Efficient Use of the NET-1 Program for Computer-Aided Circuit Analysis," IEEE CADAR Group, Boston Section, July 1966. "Trouble Spots in Circuits – Can You Find Them?," Electronic Design, pp. 32-37, Nov. 9, 1964. "Logic Converter Keeps Time With the Clock," Electronic Design, pp. 63-64, March 2, 1964. “Gated Complement Flip-Flop Is Designed Economically," Electronic Design, p. 88, Feb. 17, 1964. "Exclusive OR Needs No Complement," Electronic Design, p. 73, Dec. 6, 1963. "Free-Running Multi[vibrator] Has Sure-Fire Starting," Electronic Design, p. 80, Jan. 6, 1964. "Distortion and Phase-Splitter Unbalance in Push-Pull Amplifiers," Radio and Television News, pp. 142, 144, 145, Nov. 1956. "Construction and Use of Cathode Follower Design Charts," Electronic Design, pp. 26-29, April 15, 1956. "A Transistorized Light-Beam Audio Transmitter," Radio and Television News, pp. 35-37, June 1955. "A Transistorized Geiger Counter," Radio-Electronics, pp. 82-83, July 1954. "A Phototransistorized Photoelectric Counter," Radio and Television News, pp. 52-53, June 1954. "A Transistorized Light-Beam Communications System," Radio and Television News, pp. 52-53, May 1954. "Staircase Generator Counts Pulses," Electronics, pp. 187-189, March 1954. "Pedestal-Removing Slicer Circuit," Electronics, pp. 220, 222, 224, March 1954. "Cathode Follower Design Charts," Electronics, pp. 192-194, 196, Sept. 1953; reprinted in June 1954 Buyers' Guide issue, Reference section. C:\Documents and Settings\My Documents\SalesLiterature\NOSfullResume.doc January 12, 2011

8 DESIGN AUTOMATION, INC. / 130-D SEMINARY AVE., SUITE 221; AUBURNDALE, MA 02466-2660; U.S.A. TEL. +1 (617) 641-2388 E-MAIL: [email protected]

COMPANY EXPERIENCE __ EXPERT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE IN LEGAL AND MANAGERIAL MATTERS

Technical Opinion of Technical Report from 1969, Project 5537 in 2010, Winston & Strawn LLP, Washington, DC: The attorney requested Design Automation’s technical opinion of a 1969 technical report that was relevant to a case being worked on by the attorney. Design Automation assessed the 1969 report and gave an opinion to the attorney. The attorney was well-satisfied with the assessment by Design Automation.

Prior-Art Search, Project 5492 in 2005-2007, Cooley Godward Kronish LLP, Broomfield, CO: An owner of several patents sued several companies (including the attorneys’ client) for patent infringement. Design Automation reviewed the patents that allegedly were being infringed, the history of “invention” of those patents, the allegedly infringing products of the attorneys’ client, the history of invention of those products by the attorneys’ client, and the transcripts of previous trials of the other alleged infringers, in which the plaintiff prevailed, and made an extensive search of relevant prior art. We delivered documentation of our findings, to the attorneys. After a short trial, the plaintiff’s patent at issue was declared to be invalid.

Technical Investigation, Deposition, and Testimony re Defective Product Design, Project 5472 in 2004-2005, Law Offices of Dale S. Morrison, Charlotte, NC: The attorney’s client had purchased ten field-test equipments and rights to the product design of an uninterruptible switching-mode power supply with battery-backup, for powering cable-television systems. The ten field-test units were placed with ten potential customers for evaluation. All ten of the units experienced destructive failures in operation, in operating times of 15 minutes to less than two months. After repair of the failed units, several of the repaired units failed again; the test efforts were terminated. In the preceding Project 5406 in 2001 for Intelligent Management Solutions, Inc., Design Automation had reviewed the design and construction of the equipment, had performed tests that established the reasons for the failures, and had made preliminary documentation for use in subsequent legal action. In the project for the attorney, Design Automation prepared a detailed technical report on the technical findings, including evidence of erratic control-system operation caused by electrical noise generation and pickup in the equipment (a result of incorrect physical layout of the circuits and the wiring between sub-assemblies). The erratic operation eventually overstressed the power transistors sufficiently to destroy the power transistors. The matter was settled by arbitration, at which Design Automation’s technical expert testified and was cross-examined.

Prior-Art Search, Project 5456 in 2003, Wilson Sonsoni Goodrich and Rosati PC, Palo Alto, CA: The attorneys’ client was being sued for patent infringement. Design Automation collected prior-art information relevant to that patent and suggested other consultants who could collect additional prior-art information.

Technical Assistance to Attorneys re Infringement of Their Client’s Patent, Project 5394 in 2000-2001, Covington and Burling, Washington, DC: The attorneys’ client’s patent was allegedly being infringed by a third party. Design Automation studied the patent, the prior art, and the alleged infringing product, and prepared a technical report. The case was settled on a basis that was favorable to the client.

Technical Assistance to Attorneys re Infringement of Their Client’s Patent, Project 5391 in 2000-2001, Niro, Scavone, Haller, and Niro, Chicago, IL: The attorneys’ client’s patent was allegedly being infringed by a third party. Design Automation studied the patent, the prior art, and the alleged infringing product, and prepared a detailed technical report. The case was settled on a basis that was very favorable to the client.

Technical Assistance to Legal Counsel re Defending Counsel’s Client Against Allegation of Patent Infringement, Project 5389 in 2000-2001, Kirkland & Ellis, Chicago, IL: An owner of patents alleged that the attorneys’ client was infringing the patents. Design Automation reviewed the allegedly infringing product, the patents, and published prior art, summarized the technical information for the attorney, and documented the findings. The case was settled on a basis that was favorable for the client.

Technical Assistance to Attorneys re Component Manufacturer Inducing Customers to Infringe Client’s Patent, Project 5377 in 1999-2001, Goodwin, Procter & Hoar (now Goodwin Procter LLP), Boston, MA: A component manufacturer showed, in his data sheets and application notes, how to use his component in equipment in a way that would infringe a patent held by the client of the law firm. Design Automation reviewed the subject patent, documentation of products made by the patent-holder, which incorporated the patented technology, several successive versions of the component-maker’s data sheets and application notes, and patents and technical papers by Russian inventors, cited by the defendant as prior art that would invalidate the patent. The component-maker’s data sheets and application notes did not mention that the technology was patented. Design Automation also tested a product made and sold by a customer of the component manufacturer, verified that its design and actual operation infringed on the patent, and delivered relevant information on all of the preceding to the attorneys. The client sued the component manufacturer for inducing customers to infringe the patent. The jury decided that the patent was valid, and delivered a strongly worded majority admonition to the component manufacturer, but Ahung@ on monetary damages.

Technical Assistance to Attorneys Defending a Client Against Allegation of Patent Infringement, Project 5361 in 1998, FTI/Teklikon, Mountain View, CA: A component maker sued the Attorneys’ client for alleged patent infringement. Design Automation reviewed the patent, documentation of products made and sold by the patent holder, documentation of the allegedly infringing products, and much prior art, and prepared an extensive report for the attorneys. The defending attorneys convinced the plaintiff to abandon his lawsuit in light of the information contained in Design Automation’s report.

Technical Assistance and Deposition for Attorneys Bringing Suit for a Client Alleging Infringement of the Client’s Patents, Project 5329 in 1997-1999, Kirkland & Ellis, Chicago, IL:

10 The client of the law firm alleged infringement of several patents. Design Automation reviewed extensive documentation of the client’s patents and the allegedly infringing products, carried-on extensive technical/legal discussions with the attorney, and delivered a report documenting the information developed. After two years of technical/legal sparring in preparation for the upcoming trial, the two companies decided to settle the matter without going to trial.

Technical Assistance to Attorneys re Patent Owner’s Action Against Alleged Infringer of his Patent, Project 5232 in 1996, Goodwin, Procter & Hoar (now Goodwin Procter LLP), Boston, MA: Design Automation studied the patent and the allegedly infringing product, and prepared a report for the attorneys’ use. The case was settled favorably for the client, without going to trial.

Technical Assistance and Testimony for Attorneys re Patent Licensee Allegedly Cheating on Royalty Payments to Client, Project 5225 in 1996-1998, Goodwin, Procter & Hoar (now Goodwin Procter LLP), Boston, MA: The client had licensed another company under patents owned by the client. The license agreement provided for annual auditing of the licensee’s records relevant to the licensee’s use of the licensed technology. The auditors reported to the licensor that the royalty payments were substantially less than they should have been. The licensee’s new president had unilaterally changed the definition of how the royalties would be calculated. The client sued the licensee. Design Automation reviewed the license agreement and a revision that had been agreed to by both parties, documentation of the licensed technology, and documentation of the licensee’s products that incorporated the licensed technology. The case went to trial, at which Design Automation’s technical expert testified and was cross-examined. The result was an award of $25million to the licensor.

Technical Assistance to Attorney in Personal-Injury Case, Project 5177 in 1994, Branch Law Firm, Albuquerque, NM: The attorney’s client had been injured by an automatic door that closed on the client and struck her. Design Automation provided expert assistance regarding the technology of the automatic door. The case was settled without going to trial.

Technical Assistance to Attorney in Personal-Injury Case, Project 5148 in 1993, Crowell and Chapin, P.C., Casper WY: The attorney’s client had been struck and injured by an automatic door that had closed on the client. Design Automation provided expert assistance regarding the technology of the automatic door. The case was settled without going to trial.

Technical Assistance to Attorneys in Personal-Injury Case, Project 5145 in 1993, Etcheverry, Rodriguez & Nuriega, Bakersfield, CA: The attorney’s client had been struck and injured by an automatic door that had closed on the client. Design Automation provided expert assistance regarding the technology of the automatic door. The case was settled without going to trial.

Technical Assistance to Attorney in Personal-Injury Case, Project 5137 in 1993, Cuthbert Law Offices, Petersburg, VA:

11 The attorney’s client had been injured by having been struck by an automatic door closing on the client. Design Automation provided expert assistance regarding the technology of the automatic door. The case was settled without going to trial.

Technical Assistance to Legal Counsel in Defense Against Accusation of Using Misappropriated Proprietary Technology, Project 5128 in 1993, Mayer, Brown & Platt, Chicago, IL: The attorney's client was accused of using misappropriated proprietary technology in a radio-paging system. Design Automation’s technical expert studied and compared the technology that was used, and the allegedly misappropriated proprietary technology, and found that they were quite different. Design Automation prepared drafts of technical position papers for the attorneys. The judge's decision was in favor of the defendant.

Technical Assistance to Legal Counsel in Personal-Injury Case, Project 5107 in 1992, Meyer & Ford, Charleston, WV: A woman was struck and injured by an automatic sliding door that closed on her as she was walking through the entrance to a hospital. Design Automation's technical expert studied the design and operation of the door and the door controller, and made laboratory tests on the microwave Doppler approach/presence detector. The tests showed that the microwave Doppler detector could be rendered inoperative by the radio-frequency field from a nearby portable radio transmitter. In addition, the infra-red presence detector in the top of the door-frame intentionally was inactivated once the door began to close, to prevent that detector from detecting the door itself and spuriously opening the door (hence never allowing the door to close). If the microwave Doppler detector was inactivated after the door began to close, the door would continue closing and strike a person located in the path of the closing door. The hospital records showed a large amount of emergency-vehicle activity at the hospital entrance that day, presumably accompanied by radio transmissions from the portable radio transmitters used by the emergency personnel. The case was settled without a court trial.

Technical Assistance to Attorney in Personal-Injury Case, Project 5091 in 1992, Nicholas P. Vontzalides, Salem, MA: An elderly woman was pinned against the door-frame by an automatic swinging door that closed on her at the entrance to a food-market. While she was struggling to get out, and pushing against the door to try to open it, the door suddenly swung away from her, and she fell to the floor, suffering a broken hip. Design Automation's technical expert studied the design and operation of the door and the door controller. The design was such that the door could close on a person who paused while walking through the doorway, as this woman did. The technical expert reproduced the accident, in actual tests, repeating what the woman described about the accident. The technical expert advised the attorney on technical matters and prepared drafts of responses to interrogatories. The case was settled out of court.

12 infirm person might do. First, he walked through an approach-detection zone that is monitored by a microwave Doppler motion sensor, causing the doors to open. Then, he walked through a "dead" zone where none of the door's three sensors is operative. After a programmed delay time, the doors begin to close. At that time, the controller disables the sensor in the door header, which monitors the presence of a person in the doorway. Design Automation's expert arrived in the doorway just after the sensor was disabled by the controller. A light-beam monitoring the doorway was placed too low to detect him as he shuffled into the doorway stooped-over, as many elderly people walk. The doors continued to close, striking him hard enough to almost knock him down (a less-sturdy person could easily have been knocked down). Design Automation's technical expert was deposed and was prepared to give expert testimony in court about the door, its defective design, how it functioned (and malfunctioned), and alternative designs that could have helped eliminate the defect that had injured innocent users. The attorneys settled the case the day before the trial was to begin.

Technical Assistance to Legal Counsel re Their Client's Work on a U. S. Government Contract, Project 4905 in 1989, Gaston & Snow, Boston, MA: The U. S. Government was considering bringing a criminal indictment against an electronic-equipment manufacturer that had been accused of knowingly supplying the Government with equipment of defective design and performance. Design Automation acted as a technical resource for the attorneys. Design Automation

- reviewed the allegations, the equipment, and a one-foot-high stack of papers from the engineering-department files - explained technical matters to the attorneys - witnessed tests made to gather technical information on one of the matters at issue - provided the attorneys with technical proof that one of the allegations was mistaken - provided technical support for the attorney's position that another alleged design shortcoming would not result in serious performance failure or serious increase in equipment failure rate - reviewed design improvements proposed by the manufacturer, and gave the attorneys a favorable technical evaluation of the proposed improvements.

The case was resolved without criminal charges being brought against the equipment manufacturer.

Technical Assistance to Legal Counsel and Courtroom Expert Testimony, in Patent-Infringement Case, Project 4886 in 1989, Kirkland & Ellis, Chicago, IL: The attorney's client brought action before the International Trade Commission, Washington, DC, seeking a Temporary Exclusion Order to exclude, from importation and sale in the U.S., cellular radiotelephones manufactured in foreign countries and sold in the U.S.A. by certain foreign companies. The client alleged that the telephones infringed seven of its U.S. patents, including one covering an invention to control the RF output power of the radio transmitter. Design Automation's RF expert analyzed in detail eight models of cellular telephones and concluded that (a) six of the respondents' cellular telephones contained all of the elements enumerated in the claims of that patent, and (b) two of the client's cellular telephones also practiced the invention claimed in the patent. The respondents alleged that they were not infringing the patent, and that the patent was invalid because of prior art, obviousness, and failure of the client's patent attorney to disclose to the Patent Office the most relevant prior art. 13 To address those allegations, Design Automation's expert studied six other telephones of the client and other competitors, the art of record, the patent file wrapper, testimony from six previous depositions in the case, part of the record of a previous related case, and many items of alleged prior art, and testified as an expert witness. He also assisted the attorneys in planning strategies to be pursued during the trial. The client prevailed; the Commission issued the requested Temporary Exclusion Order. The parties agreed to a settlement before the beginning of the next trial for a Permanent Exclusion Order. The settlement was extremely favorable to the client.

Project-Management Plan for Accelerated Development of a New Commercial Product, Project 4736 in 1986-1987, Varian Vacuum Products Division, Lexington, MA: The client's Marketing Department required that a new-product extension of the company's product line be developed for a market debut in less than one year. The size of the available company engineering staff and its usual operating procedures suggested that two years or more would ordinarily be required for the development. Design Automation assisted in the organization of a special project team and an operating plan involving selected outside technical support, a high degree of continuing interaction among all contributing branches of the division, and a demanding __ but realizable __ work schedule. Design Automation participated in the on-going project monitoring and management effort. The product development was completed in only twelve months.

Technical Assistance to Legal Counsel and Courtroom Expert Testimony, in Trade-Dress Case, Project 4692 in 1986, Testa, Hurwitz, & Thibeault, Boston, MA: The attorney's client brought legal action against a competitor who had allegedly copied the product electrical design, physical design, and trade dress. Design Automation's expert studied in detail the electrical design and circuit layout of several pairs of product models (the client's product and the competitor's corresponding product), and concluded that the competitor's products were almost exact copies of the client's products. He assisted the attorneys in planning how to demonstrate the facts during the trial, and testified as an expert witness at the trial. The jury found for the plaintiff and awarded monetary damages of $1.

Technical Assistance to Legal Counsel re Defense Against Allegation of Copying Features of Switching-Mode DC Power-Supply, Project 4421 in 1982, Sherburne, Powers & Needham, Boston, MA: Design Automation conducted an impartial review of allegations that the client had copied various “state of the art” features of a prototype switching-mode power supply, and aided the client in preparing its technical defense. Design Automation assisted the client's attorney in reviewing the complaint, preparing detailed technical interrogatories, and preparing for depositions of both companies' key technical personnel.

Technical Review of a Client's Patent and a Competitors's Equipment, to Define Technical Basis for Client's Claim of Patent Infringement, Project ???? in 198? (file discarded), Instrumentation Laboratory, Inc., Lexington, MA: A competitor of Instrumentation Laboratory, Inc. (IL) was selling equipment that IL believed infringed an IL patent. Design Automation studied the claims of IL's patent and the design of the competitor's equipment, and concluded that the competitor's design did, in fact, 14 read on the claims of IL's patent. Design Automation prepared a technical report to IL's patent counsel, detailing the technical basis for a claim of patent infringement.

Technical Assistance to Legal Counsel and Courtroom Expert Testimony in Trade-Secret Case, Project 4352 in 1981, Wolf, Greenfield & Sacks, Boston, MA: The attorney's client was being sued for alleged improper use of technical information that had been provided on a confidential-disclosure basis. The product was a Citizens'-Band amplitude-modulated portable radio transceiver that reduced battery-power consumption by varying the carrier level in accordance with the amplitude of the envelope of the voice signal, on a syllabic-rate basis. Design Automation examined the relevant technical publications, describing work done as early as 1923, to assess the public-domain prior art in the field of controlled-carrier radio transmitters. We examined in detail the circuit diagram and the actual transceiver, and made calculations and laboratory tests of circuit performance. Design Automation provided expert testimony at the trial. The jury concluded that the defendant had used only technology that was public-domain prior art.

Organizing a System for Engineering Drawings Generation, Control, and Numbering, and for Part-Numbering, Project 4210 in 1978, Doble Engineering, Inc., Cambridge, MA: Design Automation surveyed the existing procedures and management's perceived needs, for generation, numbering, control, and tracking of engineering drawings and engineering changes, and for part-numbering of manufactured products. We then developed and documented a system, tailored to the company's needs, for accomplishing those objectives. The system drew heavily from experience in configuration-management applications in large and small manufacturing companies.

Demonstration of Prior Art to Assist Legal Counsel in Defending His Client Against Patent-Infringement Suit, Project 3896 in 1975, Wolf, Greenfield & Sacks, Boston, MA: The attorneys' client, who was manufacturing and selling an automatic-tuning radio receiver, was being sued for patent infringement. The client's legal counsel located a patent issued in 1932 (long-since expired), which included the same method of automatic tuning as did the current patent and the product. Design Automation built and tested a working model of an automatic-tuning radio receiver as described in the 1932 patent, using the types of components specified in the patent (including a 1928 Atwater-Kent radio receiver that we restored to operating condition). Successfully building that working model helped the attorney establish his legal point that the 1932 patent contained sufficient information for an engineer of ordinary skill in the art to be able to construct such an automatic-tuning radio receiver. That prevented the litigant from challenging the validity of that old patent, and enabled the legal counsel to assert that the current patent had been anticipated by the 1932 patent. The suit was dropped.

Analysis of Inconsistent Contractual Reliability Requirements in a Contract for Manufacturing a Government-Furnished Design, and Inadequacy of the Government-Furnished Design, Project 3534 in 1973, Philco Corp., Philadelphia, PA: A serious dispute arose between the contractor and the U.S. Government during the manufacture of a government-furnished design of a military digital-communications terminal. The contractor claimed a change of contract scope, based on allegations of (1) inconsistencies among the contract requirements, (2) deficiencies in the Government-furnished design, (3) misrepresentations by the Government as to the adequacy of the design, and (4) technical 15 direction (and lack thereof) furnished by the Government during the contract effort. Design Automation analyzed and evaluated technical and administrative inconsistencies among contractual provisions for reliability-test plan, test time, lot acceptance/rejection criteria, and reliability-incentive bonus/penalty determination. We examined detailed records of: pre-contract bidders' briefings; performance and reliability-test data for the service-test models developed by a previous vendor, furnished by the Government at bidding time; similar test data for production equipment furnished by the present contractor; meetings and communications between the government agency and the contractor; the original Government-furnished design; contractor-performed analyses and tests of that design; design changes made by the contractor; the contract and its amendments; and the equipment technical specification that was made a part of the contract. We made many suggestions for strengthening the contractor's case in the technical documents being prepared for the attorneys. We discovered an error in the theoretical analysis on which the previous contractor had based his design of a critical electronic module; the Government had furnished that design to the present contractor. The present contractor built a test lot of 100 modules to the Government- furnished design. All 100 of the units failed to meet the final-test requirements. Design Automation redesigned the Government-furnished design; our redesigned version had a 100% acceptance rate at final test. The case was settled by an additional Government payment to the contractor, of millions of dollars.

C:\Documents and Settings\My Documents\SalesLiterature\CoExLegal.doc February 15, 2011

16 DESIGN AUTOMATION, INC. / 130-D SEMINARY AVE. #221, AUBURNDALE, MA 02466- 2660; U.S.A. TEL. +1 (617) 641-2388 E-MAIL [email protected]

TESTIMONY EXPERIENCE

Technical Investigation, Deposition, and Testimony re Defective Product Design, Project 5472 in 2004-2005, Law Offices of Dale S. Morrison, Charlotte, NC: The attorney=s client had purchased ten field-test equipments and rights to the product design of an uninterruptible switching-mode power supply with battery-backup, for powering cable-television systems. The ten field-test units were placed with ten potential customers for evaluation. All ten of the units experienced destructive failures in operation, in operating times of 15 minutes to less than two months. After repair of the failed units, several of the repaired units failed again; the test efforts were terminated. In the preceding Project 5406 in 2001 for Intelligent Management Solutions, Inc., Design Automation had reviewed the design and construction of the equipment, had performed tests that established the reasons for the failures, and had made preliminary documentation for use in subsequent legal action. In the project for the attorney, Design Automation prepared a detailed technical report on the technical findings, including evidence of erratic control-system operation caused by electrical noise generation and pickup in the equipment (a result of incorrect physical layout of the circuits and the wiring between sub-assemblies). The erratic operation eventually overstressed the power transistors sufficiently to destroy the power transistors. The matter was settled by arbitration, at which Design Automation’s technical expert had testified and was cross-examined.

Technical Assistance and Deposition for Attorneys Bringing Suit for a Client Alleging Infringement of the Client=s Patents, Project 5329 in 1997-1999, Kirkland & Ellis, Chicago, IL: The client of the law firm alleged infringement of several patents. Design Automation reviewed extensive documentation of the client=s patents and the allegedly infringing products, carried-on extensive technical/legal discussions with the attorney, and delivered a report documenting the information developed. After two years of technical/legal sparring in preparation for the upcoming trial, the two companies decided to settle the matter without going to trial.

Technical Assistance and Testimony for Attorneys re Patent Licensee Allegedly Cheating on Royalty Payments to Client, Project 5225 in 1996-1998, Goodwin, Procter & Hoar (now Goodwin Procter LLP), Boston, MA: The client had licensed another company under patents owned by the client. The license agreement provided for annual auditing of the licensee=s records relevant to the licensee=s use of the licensed technology. The auditors reported to the licensor that the royalty payments were substantially less than they should have been. The licensee=s new president had unilaterally changed the definition of how the royalties would be calculated. The client sued the licensee. Design Automation reviewed the license agreement and a revision that had been agreed to by both parties, documentation of the licensed technology, and documentation of the licensee=s products that incorporated the licensed technology. The case went to trial, at which Design Automation=s technical expert testified and was cross-examined. The result was an award of $25 million to the licensor.

Technical Assistance and Deposition for Legal Counsel in Personal-Injury Case, Project 5007 in 1990-1991, Rafferty, Polich & Shaw, Cambridge, MA: An elderly woman was struck and knocked-down by automatic sliding doors at an entrance to a hospital, resulting in a shattered hip. Design Automation's technical expert studied the design and operation of the doors and the door controller. The design was such that the doors could close on a person walking through the doorway. The technical expert demonstrated, in actual tests, that the door struck him as he walked slowly through the doorway, as an elderly or infirm person might do. First, he walked through an approach-detection zone that is monitored by a microwave Doppler motion sensor, causing the doors to open. Then, he walked through a "dead" zone where none of the door's three sensors is operative. After a programmed delay time, the doors begin to close. At that time, the controller disables the sensor in the door header, which monitors the presence of a person in the doorway. Design Automation's expert arrived in the doorway just after the sensor was disabled by the controller. A light-beam monitoring the doorway was placed too low to detect him as he shuffled into the doorway stooped-over, as many elderly people walk. The doors continued to close, striking him hard enough to almost knock him down (a less-sturdy person could easily have been knocked down). Design Automation's technical expert was deposed and was prepared to give expert testimony in court about the door, its defective design, how it functioned (and malfunctioned), and alternative designs that could have helped eliminate the defect that had injured innocent users. The attorneys settled the case the day before the trial was to begin.

Technical Assistance to Legal Counsel and Courtroom Expert Testimony, in Patent-Infringement Case, Project 4886 in 1989, Kirkland & Ellis, Chicago, IL: The attorney's client brought action before the International Trade Commission, Washington, DC, seeking a Temporary Exclusion Order to exclude, from importation and sale in the U.S., cellular radiotelephones manufactured in foreign countries and sold in the U.S.A. by certain foreign companies. The client alleged that the telephones infringed seven of its U.S. patents, including one covering an invention to control the RF output power of the radio transmitter. Design Automation's RF expert analyzed in detail eight models of cellular telephones and concluded that (a) six of the respondents' cellular telephones contained all of the elements enumerated in the claims of that patent, and (b) two of the client's cellular telephones also practiced the invention claimed in the patent. The respondents alleged that they were not infringing the patent, and that the patent was invalid because of prior art, obviousness, and failure of the client's patent attorney to disclose to the Patent Office the most relevant prior art. To address those allegations, Design Automation's expert studied six other telephones of the client and other competitors, the art of record, the patent file wrapper, testimony from six previous depositions in the case, part of the record of a previous related case, and many items of alleged prior art, and testified as an expert witness. He also assisted the attorneys in planning strategies to be pursued during the trial. The client prevailed; the Commission issued the requested Temporary Exclusion Order. The parties agreed to a settlement before the beginning of the next trial for a Permanent Exclusion Order. The settlement was extremely favorable to the client.

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\My Documents\SalesLiterature\Testimony Experience.doc 09/05/2010

18 DESIGN AUTOMATION, INC. /130-D SEMINARY AVE. #221; NEWTON, MA 02466-2660; U.S.A. TEL. +1 (617) 641-2388 E-MAIL [email protected]

TIME AND MATERIALS BILLING RATES SCHEDULE

TECHNICAL-EXPERT SERVICES TO ATTORNEYS

Billing Rates Work at office Staff Engineer $325/hour Project Engineer $244/hour Travel time Billed at 50% of the above rates Testimony and depositions Staff Engineer $379/hour Project Engineer $285/hour

Purchases (materials, services, and travel and living expenses) Actual Cost

Retainer and Progress Billings

Services will begin after receipt of a $6,000 retainer from the client. DAI will render progress billings as work is done, at the rates listed above. Minimum billing per month, for any combination of actual work and availability for work, is 8 hours of Staff Engineer at the office rate. Payment terms: receipt of payment net ten business days after date of invoice. The retainer will be applied as a credit against the last invoice on the case. If the last invoice is less than the amount of the retainer, DAI will refund the difference to the client within ten business days after DAI is notified that the case is closed.

Note: The above are not contingent fees; they are time-and-materials rates for effort expended. Payment is due for effort expended, regardless of the outcome of the case.

C:\Documents and Settings\My Documents\SalesLiterature\TechExpertBillingRates.doc September 12, 2010