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Characteristics of Sengon (Paraserianthes Falcataria) Stands in Forest Blitar Anang Susanto¹, Mujiyo², Djoko Purnomo³, Mth Sri Budiastuti4

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Characteristics of Sengon (Paraserianthes Falcataria) Stands in Forest Blitar Anang Susanto¹, Mujiyo², Djoko Purnomo³, Mth Sri Budiastuti4 International Journal of Forest, Animal and Fisheries Research (IJFAF) [Vol-2, Issue-3, May-Jun, 2018] https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijfaf.2.3.3 ISSN: 2456-8791 Characteristics of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) stands in forest Blitar Anang Susanto¹, Mujiyo², Djoko Purnomo³, MTh Sri Budiastuti4 1Graduate School of Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central of Java, Indonesia 2,3,4Departemen of Agricultural Science, of Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central of Java, Indonesia 57126 Abstract— Paraserianthes falcataria (sengon) Family of mangium (Acacia mangium), sengon (Paraserianthes Fabaceae that grows in East Java province based on falcataria), jabon (Antocephalus cadamba) and another observations in the field, these plants show the potential to varieties, theirquality were able improved (Krisnawati, accelerate the process of soil fertility. Character of shape, 2011), the Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) choice as morphology and intensity of sunlight that is required by multipurpose plant on critical land area and forest area is sengon stand for the process of soil enrichment in the appropriate because sengon is a fast growing plant, that forest, is not known for certain. This research is carried has fast growth, short harvest period, easy cultivation out to determine the symptoms of morphological technique, high productivity, multipurpose and give double characters, sengon tree as a contributor to the process of effects both as production plants and production plant soil fertility. Dependence intensity of sunlight for sengon is conservation because its wood served as multipurpose still needed every season. Plant morphology can be from necessity, conservation plant, because sengon has tap root various literature while characterization observed by that quite strong to penetrate into soil with its root hair observation method such as light intensity, irradiation which has a function to keep nitrogen so it makes soil time, field height whereas sengon stand include, number of around sengon tree become fertile (Ogata, 2008). branches, width of crown, number of canopy, tree height Until recently, Indonesian generally still used seed in and tree age. There are 9 types of Sengon varieties in East sengon cultivation; generative cultivation, it is a mini plant Java, especially shade Blitar. That k value is 490 and a (embryo) that still in state of delay in growth (IAWA, value is -0,10. Sunlight intensity reach highest on 12 am 2008). Therefore, the election of tree which has good which is 90% on IV age tree and lowest sengon on 12 am morphology can also generate seed which has good on V age tree is 46% characteristic. It can improve success rate in next seedling Keywords— Intensity, Fertility, Varieties, Stands, Age. cultivation. Seeing big potential of sengon, the writer intends to know the characteristic of sengon stand in state I. INTRODUCTION forest by considering several aspects such as; area The height of industrial wood demand and to preserve elevation, slopes, sunlight intensity from one plant forest stability of raw material availability so that need of areal, that is property of Perum Perhutani Blitar. industrial wood remain available, encourage government participating and developing state forest in Java island to II. MATERIALS AND METHODS become sengon wood. Sengon which has characteristic of Material that is used in this research is sengon stand which fast growing is easily adept in every soil condition. Its is five years old with 3x3 meters planting distant. Tools good silviculture characteristic, its wood quality that still that are used in this research such as, machete, hoe, lux accepted forpanel industry and carpentry, also its selling meter DX 100, thermo hygrometer, compass, measuring price that quite profitable make sengod wood market still tape, hagahypsometer, raffia string, digital camera, and stand until today. Sengon(Paraserianthes falcataria) is stationary. Purposive sampling is used as research method. one kind of all-purposed forest plant and being developed Research is done for four months started on February until until today because it is very important in fulfilling the April 2017, in KPH Blitar – East Java. Observation was need of industrial wood production. This variety is chosen focused on sengon’s morphology and characteristic. Data to fulfill need in Indonesia because its growth fast. Sengon which will be collected is primary and secondary. Primary spreading area is quite vast, from Sumatera, Java, Bali, data collection process is collected through direct Flores and Maluku (Department of Agriculture , 2013) measurement in the field such as tree height measurement, The fulfillment of wood production is still lacking and the trunk diameter, tree canopy measurement, sunlight development of fast growing wood in Indonesia, such as, intensity measurement on each sengon stand and lane www.aipublications.com/ijfaf Page | 108 International Journal of Forest, Animal and Fisheries Research (IJFAF) [Vol-2, Issue-3, May-Jun, 2018] https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijfaf.2.3.3 ISSN: 2456-8791 stand, planting distance, temperature measurement also position and width data, land usage pattern, topography humidity. The required secondary data is profile data from and climate condition. This data are obtained from research location such as; genetic dendrogram data, literature reviev Fig.1: Sampling site forest area Blitar, East Java III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION illustrate that sengon stand in KPH Blitar is dominated by 3.1 Sengon Stand’s Characteristic through Poison small diameter trees. Minus (-) value on avariable is a Curve Approach negative slope signed that trees quantity is inversely Sengon tree that managed by PerumPerhutani has proportional with class diameter increase. After k and a different age variety, from I class diameter, II class values are discovered. diameter, III class diameter, IV class diameter, V class diameter. From calculation result it can be known that k value is 490 and a value is -0,10. The value Constanta of k www.aipublications.com/ijfaf Page | 109 International Journal of Forest, Animal and Fisheries Research (IJFAF) [Vol-2, Issue-3, May-Jun, 2018] https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijfaf.2.3.3 ISSN: 2456-8791 120 100 80 60 40 Potensial(N/ha) 20 0 1 2 3 4 5 Age of tree (yeard) Fig.2: Curve of relation between trees quantity per hectare with class diameter That stand structure on forest sengon in KPH Blitar shows increase trend from I class diameter to V class generally describe normal distribution of even-aged forest diameter. On 0-5% slope and 5-10% slope, quantity of stand Those characteristic resemble stand characteristic on trees on every class diameter is also showing increase natural forest. That allometric model has determination trend from I class diameter to V class diameter. The coefficient 85% which means 85% of trees quantity relationship between altitudes, land slope toward sengon diversity can be explained by diameter well (Bustom, stand availability on KPH Blitar can be seen on Table 1 1995) 3.2 Sengon Stand Characteristic Based On Altitude Factor and Land Slope Factor Based on altitude factor, land slope, that on height of 30-170 mdpl, tree quantity on every class diameter Table.1: Biophysical condition on the fourth type of agroforestry 3.3 Sunlight Intensity and Canopy Closure continued to soil surface will tend to decrease along with Plant photosynthesis process needs sunlight. A plant’s age increase. Result from canopy closure good photosynthesis process influence plant to grow well percentage measurement and magnitude of sunlight (Finkeldey. 2005). Sunlight illumination period on soil intensity on plot of green sengon and plus example can be surface will also influence staple plant growth and plant seen on Figur 3. which grow below stand. Sunlight intensity frequency that www.aipublications.com/ijfaf Page | 110 International Journal of Forest, Animal and Fisheries Research (IJFAF) [Vol-2, Issue-3, May-Jun, 2018] https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijfaf.2.3.3 ISSN: 2456-8791 450 tree1 400 tree2 tree3 350 tree4 (10¹Lux) 300 tree5 tree6 250 tree7 200 tree8 tree9 150 tree10 100 tree11 Paraserienthes falcataria tree12 RIF RIF 50 tree13 0 tree14 Hour 10,00 12,00 14,00 Fig.3: Average graph of light intensity (10¹lux) Sunlight intensity average and canopy closure percentage researched has microscopic characteristic as follows; on plot of green sengon and plus. From the measurement terrace part is brown grayish, wood surface is dim less result on research location can be defined that magnitude shiny; touch impression is a bit rough and quite coarse; of sunlight intensity reach highest on 12 am which is 90% texture is a bit rough to rough evenly; fiber line is strict to on IV age tree and lowest sengon on 12 am on V age tree a bit chime; soft to a bit hard; and tanner substance odor is is 46%. That sunlight intensity magnitude on sengon stand less strong. Average proportion is 80%.This amount is far can’t be compare. It is because the difference on smaller than proportion of hard wood part on the sengon measurement time.From that result, it shows that on the tree, which reaches up to 84% (Wahyudi 2011). As well as morning sunlight intensity is increase and the highest touch impression, shine, hardness, and wood odor which sunlight intensity happen on the daytime. On the evening all of that different compare to old sengon tree. Sengon sunlight intensity is decrease. Sunlight intensity on sengon wood surface that researched is a bit rough to rough stand show highest sunlight intensity happen on 12 am. evenly, coarse, dim and less shiny, soft and has weak odor. According to Kinimouth (1986), sunlight radiation Only its wood texture and fiber line that is equal with old acceptance on surface of the earth varied according to sengon tree.This is also supported by measurement result place and time. According to place especially caused by of its physics and mechanics characteristic.
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