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A-Level Physics a Question Paper Unit 05
Please write clearly in block capitals. Centre number Candidate number Surname –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Forename(s) –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Candidate signature –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– A-level PHYSICS A Unit 5A Astrophysics Section B Tuesday 28 June 2016 Morning Time allowed: The total time for both sections of this paper is Materials For this paper you must have: 1 hour 45 minutes. You are a calculator advised to spend approximately a pencil and a ruler a Data and Formulae Booklet (enclosed). 50 minutes on this section. Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Answer all questions. You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Show all your working. Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this section is 35. You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. A Data and Formulae Booklet is provided as a loose insert. You will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. (JUN16PHYA52A01) WMP/Jun16/E4 PHYA5/2A Do not write 2 outside the box Section B The maximum mark for this section is 35. You are advised to spend approximately 50 minutes on this section. 1 A converging lens of focal length 0.15 m is used as the eyepiece of an astronomical refracting telescope in normal adjustment. 1 (a) The angular magnification of the telescope is 5.0 Calculate the distance between the eyepiece lens and the objective lens of the telescope. -
List of Easy Double Stars for Winter and Spring = Easy = Not Too Difficult = Difficult but Possible
List of Easy Double Stars for Winter and Spring = easy = not too difficult = difficult but possible 1. Sigma Cassiopeiae (STF 3049). 23 hr 59.0 min +55 deg 45 min This system is tight but very beautiful. Use a high magnification (150x or more). Primary: 5.2, yellow or white Seconary: 7.2 (3.0″), blue 2. Eta Cassiopeiae (Achird, STF 60). 00 hr 49.1 min +57 deg 49 min This is a multiple system with many stars, but I will restrict myself to the brightest one here. Primary: 3.5, yellow. Secondary: 7.4 (13.2″), purple or brown 3. 65 Piscium (STF 61). 00 hr 49.9 min +27 deg 43 min Primary: 6.3, yellow Secondary: 6.3 (4.1″), yellow 4. Psi-1 Piscium (STF 88). 01 hr 05.7 min +21 deg 28 min This double forms a T-shaped asterism with Psi-2, Psi-3 and Chi Piscium. Psi-1 is the uppermost of the four. Primary: 5.3, yellow or white Secondary: 5.5 (29.7), yellow or white 5. Zeta Piscium (STF 100). 01 hr 13.7 min +07 deg 35 min Primary: 5.2, white or yellow Secondary: 6.3, white or lilac (or blue) 6. Gamma Arietis (Mesarthim, STF 180). 01 hr 53.5 min +19 deg 18 min “The Ram’s Eyes” Primary: 4.5, white Secondary: 4.6 (7.5″), white 7. Lambda Arietis (H 5 12). 01 hr 57.9 min +23 deg 36 min Primary: 4.8, white or yellow Secondary: 6.7 (37.1″), silver-white or blue 8. -
Possible Period of the Design of Naks Tras
1 Possible period of the design of Naks tras Sudha Bhujle 1 and M N Vahia 2 1 Raheja Vihar, Powai, Mumbai, [email protected] 2Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, [email protected] Sudha Bhujle and Mayank Vahia Abstract The Naks ¡ tras were designed to keep track of the moon’s path in the night sky. No literature gives the exact position of these Naks ¡ tras but there are many stories associated with each Nak s¡ tra. They were also probably used for time keeping over days. There are a total of 27 Nak s¡ tras spanning the night sky and the Moon spends an average of one day (night) in each Naks ¡ tra. However, as ¢ per the present association of stars with these Nak ¡ tras, several of them are as far as 25º away from the ecliptic where as Moon travels only about 5º on either side of the ecliptic. The possibility that in the remote past the ecliptic could have been 25º north to the present is not likely. We are not sure when the Naks ¡ tras were originally identified or when and how many times they were altered. To understand when could be the Naks ¡ tras defined. We studied the sky pattern from 3500 BC to 2005 AD and realized that the Moon path was closest to the maximum number of Naks ¡ tras around 3000 BC. We therefore suggest that the Naks ¡ tras were defined around 3000 BC and that the current association of star ¥ ¦ ¤ ¡ like. M£ga r with Naks tra needs to be re-examined Introduction 1 To appear in the Indian Journal of History of Science, 2006 The ancient Indian calendar dates back several thousand years and the relevant literature has been extensively collated in a major commentary called the Indian Calendar , by Sewell and Dikshit (1986). -
Observing List
day month year Epoch 2000 local clock time: 2.00 Observing List for 24 7 2019 RA DEC alt az Constellation object mag A mag B Separation description hr min deg min 39 64 Andromeda Gamma Andromedae (*266) 2.3 5.5 9.8 yellow & blue green double star 2 3.9 42 19 51 85 Andromeda Pi Andromedae 4.4 8.6 35.9 bright white & faint blue 0 36.9 33 43 51 66 Andromeda STF 79 (Struve) 6 7 7.8 bluish pair 1 0.1 44 42 36 67 Andromeda 59 Andromedae 6.5 7 16.6 neat pair, both greenish blue 2 10.9 39 2 67 77 Andromeda NGC 7662 (The Blue Snowball) planetary nebula, fairly bright & slightly elongated 23 25.9 42 32.1 53 73 Andromeda M31 (Andromeda Galaxy) large sprial arm galaxy like the Milky Way 0 42.7 41 16 53 74 Andromeda M32 satellite galaxy of Andromeda Galaxy 0 42.7 40 52 53 72 Andromeda M110 (NGC205) satellite galaxy of Andromeda Galaxy 0 40.4 41 41 38 70 Andromeda NGC752 large open cluster of 60 stars 1 57.8 37 41 36 62 Andromeda NGC891 edge on galaxy, needle-like in appearance 2 22.6 42 21 67 81 Andromeda NGC7640 elongated galaxy with mottled halo 23 22.1 40 51 66 60 Andromeda NGC7686 open cluster of 20 stars 23 30.2 49 8 46 155 Aquarius 55 Aquarii, Zeta 4.3 4.5 2.1 close, elegant pair of yellow stars 22 28.8 0 -1 29 147 Aquarius 94 Aquarii 5.3 7.3 12.7 pale rose & emerald 23 19.1 -13 28 21 143 Aquarius 107 Aquarii 5.7 6.7 6.6 yellow-white & bluish-white 23 46 -18 41 36 188 Aquarius M72 globular cluster 20 53.5 -12 32 36 187 Aquarius M73 Y-shaped asterism of 4 stars 20 59 -12 38 33 145 Aquarius NGC7606 Galaxy 23 19.1 -8 29 37 185 Aquarius NGC7009 -
00E the Construction of the Universe Symphony
The basic construction of the Universe Symphony. There are 30 asterisms (Suites) in the Universe Symphony. I divided the asterisms into 15 groups. The asterisms in the same group, lay close to each other. Asterisms!! in Constellation!Stars!Objects nearby 01 The W!!!Cassiopeia!!Segin !!!!!!!Ruchbah !!!!!!!Marj !!!!!!!Schedar !!!!!!!Caph !!!!!!!!!Sailboat Cluster !!!!!!!!!Gamma Cassiopeia Nebula !!!!!!!!!NGC 129 !!!!!!!!!M 103 !!!!!!!!!NGC 637 !!!!!!!!!NGC 654 !!!!!!!!!NGC 659 !!!!!!!!!PacMan Nebula !!!!!!!!!Owl Cluster !!!!!!!!!NGC 663 Asterisms!! in Constellation!Stars!!Objects nearby 02 Northern Fly!!Aries!!!41 Arietis !!!!!!!39 Arietis!!! !!!!!!!35 Arietis !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1056 02 Whale’s Head!!Cetus!! ! Menkar !!!!!!!Lambda Ceti! !!!!!!!Mu Ceti !!!!!!!Xi2 Ceti !!!!!!!Kaffalijidhma !!!!!!!!!!IC 302 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 990 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1024 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1026 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1070 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1085 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1107 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1137 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1143 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1144 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1153 Asterisms!! in Constellation Stars!!Objects nearby 03 Hyades!!!Taurus! Aldebaran !!!!!! Theta 2 Tauri !!!!!! Gamma Tauri !!!!!! Delta 1 Tauri !!!!!! Epsilon Tauri !!!!!!!!!Struve’s Lost Nebula !!!!!!!!!Hind’s Variable Nebula !!!!!!!!!IC 374 03 Kids!!!Auriga! Almaaz !!!!!! Hoedus II !!!!!! Hoedus I !!!!!!!!!The Kite Cluster !!!!!!!!!IC 397 03 Pleiades!! ! Taurus! Pleione (Seven Sisters)!! ! ! Atlas !!!!!! Alcyone !!!!!! Merope !!!!!! Electra !!!!!! Celaeno !!!!!! Taygeta !!!!!! Asterope !!!!!! Maia !!!!!!!!!Maia Nebula !!!!!!!!!Merope Nebula !!!!!!!!!Merope -
December 2014 BRAS Newsletter
December, 2014 Next Meeting: December 8th at 7PM at the HRPO Artist rendition of the Philae lander from the ESA's Rosetta mission. Click on the picture to go see the latest info. What's In This Issue? Astro Short- Mercury: Snow Globe Dynamo? Secretary's Summary Message From HRPO Globe At Night Recent Forum Entries Orion Exploration Test Flight Event International Year of Light 20/20 Vision Campaign Observing Notes by John Nagle Mercury: Snow Globe Dynamo? We already knew Mercury was bizarre. A planet of extremes, during its day facing the sun, its surface temperature tops 800°F —hot enough to melt lead—but during the night, the temperature plunges to -270°F, way colder than dry ice. Frozen water may exist at its poles. And its day (from sunrise to sunrise) is twice as long as its year. Now add more weirdness measured by NASA’s recent MESSENGER spacecraft: Mercury’s magnetic field in its northern hemisphere is triple its strength in the southern hemisphere. Numerical models run by postdoctoral researcher Hao Cao, working in the lab of Christopher T. Russell at UC Los Angeles, offer an explanation: inside Mercury’s molten iron core it is “snowing,” and the resultant convection is so powerful it causes the planet’s magnetic dynamo to break symmetry and concentrate in one hemisphere. “Snowing” inside Mercury With a diameter only 40 percent greater than the Moon’s, Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system (now that Pluto was demoted). But its gravitational field is more than double the Moon’s. -
Basic Astronomy Labs
Astronomy Laboratory Exercise 31 The Magnitude Scale On a dark, clear night far from city lights, the unaided human eye can see on the order of five thousand stars. Some stars are bright, others are barely visible, and still others fall somewhere in between. A telescope reveals hundreds of thousands of stars that are too dim for the unaided eye to see. Most stars appear white to the unaided eye, whose cells for detecting color require more light. But the telescope reveals that stars come in a wide palette of colors. This lab explores the modern magnitude scale as a means of describing the brightness, the distance, and the color of a star. The earliest recorded brightness scale was developed by Hipparchus, a natural philosopher of the second century BCE. He ranked stars into six magnitudes according to brightness. The brightest stars were first magnitude, the second brightest stars were second magnitude, and so on until the dimmest stars he could see, which were sixth magnitude. Modern measurements show that the difference between first and sixth magnitude represents a brightness ratio of 100. That is, a first magnitude star is about 100 times brighter than a sixth magnitude star. Thus, each magnitude is 100115 (or about 2. 512) times brighter than the next larger, integral magnitude. Hipparchus' scale only allows integral magnitudes and does not allow for stars outside this range. With the invention of the telescope, it became obvious that a scale was needed to describe dimmer stars. Also, the scale should be able to describe brighter objects, such as some planets, the Moon, and the Sun. -
Earth and Space Science. a Guide for Secondary Teachers. INSTITUTION Pennsylvania State Dept
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 094 956 SE 016 611 AUTHOR Bolles, William H.; And Others TITLE Earth and Space Science. A Guide for Secondary Teachers. INSTITUTION Pennsylvania State Dept. of Education, Harrisburg. Bureau of Curriculum Services. PUB DATE 73 NOTE 200p. EDRS PRICE MF-$O.75 HC-$9.00 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS Aerospace Education; *Astronomy; *Curriculum Guides; *Earth Science; Geology; Laboratory Experiments; Oceanology; Science Activities; Science Education; *Secondary School Science IDENTIFIERS Pennsylvania ABSTRACT Designed for use in Pennsylvania secondary school science classes, this guide is intended to provide fundamental information in each of the various disciplines of the earth sciences. Some of the material contained in the guide is intended as background material for teachers. Five units are presented: The Earth, The Oceans, The Space Environment, The Atmosphere, and The Exploration of Space. The course is organized so that students proceed from the familiar, everyday world to the atmosphere and the space environment. Teaching geology in the fall takes advantage of weather conditions which permit field study. The purpose of the Earth and Space Science course is to encourage student behaviors which will be indicative of a broad understanding of man1s physical environment of earth and space as well as an awareness of the consequences which could result from changes which man may effect.(PEB) BEST COPY AVAILABLE U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF 6 Fe elz+C EDUCATION Try,' DOCUMENT FIRSBEEN REPRO -
Astronomy Notes · • 17 Jane's Corner ••.• • • 33 the Technical Side •
r th f IIIiI I l1li I P'AN-KU, the legendary. son of CHAOS and architect of the Chinese universe creating the world, assisted by the Dragon, Tiger, Bird, and Tortoise. Vo I m Ispe Spring u er 1 Advantageo on membeMlup in -the In-tvr..nationai SocJ..uy on Planua.tUmn Educ,a):OM Mn be nJteely 0 b-taA.,ned by wJtLt[ng -to: Mr. Walter Tenschert Thomas Jefferson High School 6560 Braddock Road Alexandria, VA 22312 * * * * * * * * * * * CONTENTS Checklist of Planetary Configurations THE PLANETARIAN is published each March, for 1975 June, September, and December by the Robert C. Victor 4 International Society of Planetarium Planetarium for the Deaf Educators, Inc., under the auspices of Lionel Daniel . • • 7 the Publications Committee. The Third Stage of Planetarium Evolution Max L. Ary . • . • • • 11 To make a change of address, please an The Stars of Primeval China old mailing label, along with the new Julius D.W. Staal 20 address, to: Ronald N. Hartman Planetariums on Parade . 33 Mt. San Antonio College Celestial Navigation Planetarium Harry E. Crull •...•• · • 35 Walnut The History of the Planetarium California 91789 Charles F. Hagar ..••.•••• 42 Please allow 30 days for an address Construction of the Budapest Planetarium change to take effect. Gyula Schalk . • .... • • . 48 Some Thoughts on Planetarium Show Music Tim Clark . • 51 Music in OMSI's Harry C. Kendall EDITOR: Frank Jettner Planetarium Circulation Director: Ron Hartman Dwight Gruber • • 52 Feature Editors: Von Del Chamberlain, Popular Music and Slides in the M. Chartrand, L. DeVries, T. Gates, Planetarium J. Geoghegan, O.R. Norton, G. -
Vol. 73, No. 1 December 2020
Published by the Astronomical League Vol. 73, No. 1 December 2020 PUBLIC OUTREACH DURING A PANDEMIC THE ULTIMATE OBSERVING CHALLENGE th 75 GEAR UP FOR SOLAR CYCLE 25 THE ASTRONOMICAL LEAGUE’S 75TH ANNIVERSARY Contents AN EMPLOYEE-OWNED COMPANY NEW FREE SHIPPING on order of $75 or more INSTALLMENT BILLING on orders over $350 PRODUCTS & PAGE 16 Standard Shipping. Some exclusions apply. Exclusions apply. 4 . To the Editor 4 . Star Beams (from the President) 5 . International Dark-Sky Association 5 . Night Sky Network Orion® StarShoot™ Compact Astro 6 . Full STEAM Ahead Orion® StarShoot™ Mini 6.3mp Tracker Imaging Cameras (sold separately) Orion® StarShoot™ G26 APS-C Orion® GiantView™ BT-100 ED #21192 $280 7 . Wanderers in the Neighborhood Color #51883 $400 Color Imaging Camera 90-degree Binocular Telescope (Mount not Mono #51884 $430 #51458 $1,800 #51878 $2,600 included) PAGE 12 9 . Deep-Sky Objects computer not 10 . From Around the League Trust 2019 included 12 . Public Outreach During a Pandemic Proven reputation for Orion® U-Mount innovation, dependability and and Paragon Plus . service… for over 45 years! XHD Package 14 My Herschel Objects Project #22115 $600 Is Complete Superior Value Orion® StarShoot™ Deep Space High quality products at Orion® StarShoot™ G21 Deep Space Imaging Cameras (sold separately) Orion® HDX 12" Truss RC Ultimate 16 . First Light: Astronomical League affordable prices Color Imaging Camera G10 Color #51452 $1,200 Astro- Imaging Package PAGE 23 Origins and History #54290 $950 G16 Mono #51457 $1,300 #21101 $9,500 Wide Selection 18 . Everest of the Sky Extensive assortment of award winning Orion brand 2019 20 . -
Possible Period of the Design of Nakshatras and Abhijit
Possible period of the design of Nakshatras and Abhijit Sudha Bhujle1 and M N Vahia2 1 Raheja Vihar, Powai, Mumbai, [email protected] 2Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, [email protected] Abstract The Nakshatras were designed to keep track of the moon’s path in the night sky. The ancient literature does not give the exact position of these Nakshatras but there are many stories associated with each Nakshatrā. There are a total of 27 Nakshatras spanning the night sky and the Moon takes and average of one day to cross each Nakshatra. The earliest mention of Nakshatras is in Vedas. Some of the Vedic literature mentions 28 Nakshatras. The Nakshatra Abhijit gets dropped in the later on documents. However, as per the present association of stars with these Nakshatras, several of them are as far as 25º away from the ecliptic where as Moon travels only about 5º on either side of the ecliptic. The possibility that in the remote past the ecliptic could have been 25º north to the present is not likely. We study the sky pattern from 3500 BC to 2005 AD and show that the Moon’s path was closest to the maximum number of Nakshatrās around 3000 BC. To account for 28 Nakshatrās we also looked for the likelihood that a transient star may have existed in the region of Abhijit around the time when the Nakshatrās were defined. We did find a Supernova of apparent magnitude brighter than the brightest star that must have been visible in the region where Abhijit was supposed to be around 3000 BC. -
Observing List
day month year Epoch 2000 local clock time: 2.00 Observing List for 17 11 2019 RA DEC alt az Constellation object mag A mag B Separation description hr min deg min 58 286 Andromeda Gamma Andromedae (*266) 2.3 5.5 9.8 yellow & blue green double star 2 3.9 42 19 40 283 Andromeda Pi Andromedae 4.4 8.6 35.9 bright white & faint blue 0 36.9 33 43 48 295 Andromeda STF 79 (Struve) 6 7 7.8 bluish pair 1 0.1 44 42 59 279 Andromeda 59 Andromedae 6.5 7 16.6 neat pair, both greenish blue 2 10.9 39 2 32 301 Andromeda NGC 7662 (The Blue Snowball) planetary nebula, fairly bright & slightly elongated 23 25.9 42 32.1 44 292 Andromeda M31 (Andromeda Galaxy) large sprial arm galaxy like the Milky Way 0 42.7 41 16 44 291 Andromeda M32 satellite galaxy of Andromeda Galaxy 0 42.7 40 52 44 293 Andromeda M110 (NGC205) satellite galaxy of Andromeda Galaxy 0 40.4 41 41 56 279 Andromeda NGC752 large open cluster of 60 stars 1 57.8 37 41 62 285 Andromeda NGC891 edge on galaxy, needle-like in appearance 2 22.6 42 21 30 300 Andromeda NGC7640 elongated galaxy with mottled halo 23 22.1 40 51 35 308 Andromeda NGC7686 open cluster of 20 stars 23 30.2 49 8 47 258 Aries 1 Arietis 6.2 7.2 2.8 fine yellow & pale blue pair 1 50.1 22 17 57 250 Aries 30 Arietis 6.6 7.4 38.6 pleasing yellow pair 2 37 24 39 59 253 Aries 33 Arietis 5.5 8.4 28.6 yellowish-white & blue pair 2 40.7 27 4 59 239 Aries 48, Epsilon Arietis 5.2 5.5 1.5 white pair, splittable @ 150x 2 59.2 21 20 46 254 Aries 5, Gamma Arietis (*262) 4.8 4.8 7.8 nice bluish-white pair 1 53.5 19 18 49 258 Aries 9, Lambda Arietis