Addresses the American Road
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ADDRESSES UPON THE AMERICAN ROAD BY Herbert Hoover 1945-1948 1949 D. VAN NOSTRANU COMPANY, INC. TORONTO NEW YORK LONDON NEW YORK D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., 250 Fourth Avenue, New York 3 TORONTO D. Van Nostrand Company (Canada), Ltd., 228 Bloor Street, Toronto LONDON Macmillan & Company, Ltd., St. Martin's Street, London, W.C. 2 COPYRIGHT, 1949, BY D. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY, INC. Published simultaneously in Canada by D. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY (Canada) LTD. All Rights Reserved This book, or any parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without written permission from the author and the publisher. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Contents PART I: FOREIGN POLICIES POSTWAR FOREIGN LOANS 3 [Executives' Club, Chicago, Illinois, September 17, 1945] ON VIEWS ON NATIONAL POLICIES AS TO THE ATOMIC BOMB 14 [North American Newspaper Alliance, New York City, September 27, 1945] ON THE PALESTINE QUESTION 16 [New York World-Telegram, November 19, 1945] ON CONSTRUCTION OF THE ST. LAWRENCE WATERWAY 18 [Letter to Senator Carl A. Hatch, February 12, 1946] ON APPRAISAL OF THE WORLD SITUATION AND OUR POLICIES IN RELATION TO IT 20 [Press Statement, Salt Lake City, Utah, August 12, 1946] ON YUGOSLAVIAN INCIDENT 22 [Press Statement, August 26, 1946] ON FINLAND 24 [Press Statement, New York City, October 14, 1946] v PART II: DOMESTIC AFFAIRS AND ECONOMICS ECONOMIC RECOVERY FROM THE WAR 29 [Fiftieth Anniversary of Clarkson College of Technology, Potsdam, New York, October 8, 1945] MORAL AND SPIRITUAL RECOVERY FROM WAR 36 [Seventy-fifth Anniversary of Wilson College, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, October 13, 1945] AN EXTEMPORANEOUS ADDRESS CLOSING THE YAMA CONFERENCE OF 1945 44 [Absecon, New Jersey, November 10, 1945] THE OBLIGATION OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY 49 [Lincoln Day Dinner, National Republican Club, New York City, February 12, 1946] ON CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION 54 [Press Statement, New York City, November 5, 1946] THE RIGHT TO STRIKE 55 [This Week Magazine, December 29, 1946] ADDRESS BEFORE THE HOLLAND SOCIETY OF NEW YORK 58 [Waldorf Astoria Hotel, New York City, November 20, 1947] ADDRESS BEFORE THE SONS OF THE REVOLUTION 61 [Washington's Birthday Banquet, Waldorf Astoria Hotel, New York City, February 23, 1948] THIS CRISIS IN AMERICAN LIFE 67 [Address before the Republican National Convention at Philadelphia, June 33, 1948] vi THE MEANING OF AMERICA 74 [Homecoming Address at the Reception Tendered by West Branch, Iowa, on the speaker's 74th Birthday, August 10, 1948] PART III: REPARATIONS AND ECONOMIC SUPPORT TO THE WORLD ON THE NECESSARY STEPS FOR PROMOTION OF GERMAN EXPORTS, SO AS TO RELIEVE AMERICAN TAXPAYERS OF THE BURDENS OF RELIEF AND FOR ECONOMIC RECOVERY OF EUROPE 83 [Report to the President, March 18, 1947] ON JAPANESE REPARATIONS 98 [Letter to the Honorable Robert Patterson, Secretary of War, May 7, 1947] WE MUST SPEED PEACE 103 [On Food and Relief Requirements for Germany, Japan and Korea; Letter to Congressman John Taber, May 26, 1947] THE LIMITS OF AMERICAN AID TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES 109 [Letter to Senator Styles Bridges, June 13, 1947] DESTRUCTION AT OUR EXPENSE 119 [Foreword Written for Common Cause, Inc. Magazine, December 27, 1947] THE MARSHALL PLAN 120 [Statement to Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg, Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, January 18, 1948] vii THE MARSHALL PLAN BILL 131 [Statement to Speaker Joseph W. Martin, House of Representatives, March 24, 1948] PART IV: EDUCATIONAL. SOCIAL AND SCIENTIFIC ON THE TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF RADIO 141 [Broadcast—Columbia Broadcasting System, November 10, i945] ON THE EXCHANGE OF STUDENTS WITH FOREIGN COUNTRIES 146 [Letter to Senator J. W. Fulbright, February 8, 1946] ON SUPPORT OF NATIONAL BOYS' CLUB WEEK 149 [Article for Boys' Clubs of America, International News Services, April 16, 1947] GRIDIRON DINNER 152 [Address, Washington, D. C., May 10, 1947] IN CELEBRATION OF THE BICENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY OF PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 156 [Address, Princeton, N. J., June 16, 1947] PART V: WORLD FAMINE, 1946-1947 ON PRESIDENT TRUMAN'S APPEAL TO SAVE FOOD 163 [Press Statement, New York City, February 8, 1946] ON WORLD FAMINE 165 [Statement before the Famine Emergency Committee Meeting, Washington, D. C., March 11, 1946] viii ON WORLD FAMINE 167 [Broadcast over the National Broadcasting Company, March 14, 1946] ON WORLD FAMINE 169 [Broadcast over the American Broadcasting Company, March 16, 1946] ON WORLD FAMINE CRISIS 172 [Reply to the French Minister of Foreign Affairs at Luncheon in Paris, March 21, 1946] ON THE FOOD STORY OF ITALY 174 [Rome, March 25, 1946] ON THE FOOD SITUATION IN FRANCE 176 [Broadcast over Blue Network Radio from Paris, March 27, 1946] ON FOOD CONDITIONS IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA 179 [Prague, March 28, 1946] REMARKS AT DINNER OF PRESIDENT BIERUT 181 [Warsaw, Poland, March 29, 1946] ON THE FOOD SITUATION IN POLAND 183 [Warsaw, March 30, 1946] ON FOOD ADMINISTRATION IN FINLAND 185 [Helsinki, April 1, 1946] EMERGENCY CONFERENCE ON EUROPEAN CEREAL SUPPLIES 187 [Address, London, England, April 5, 1946] ON THE WORLD FOOD CRISIS 193 [Broadcast over Mutual Broadcasting Company from Cairo, Egypt, April 19, 1946] ix ON THE WORLD FOOD SITUATION 199 [Broadcast from Bombay, India, April 24, 1946] ON FOOD DIFFICULTIES IN INDIA 203 [Bangalore, April 26, 1946] ON THE FOOD PROBLEM IN THE PHILIPPINES 206 [Manila, April 29, 1946] ON THE FOOD NEEDS OF CHINA 207 [Shanghai, May 3, 1946] ON THE JAPANESE FOOD SUPPLY 208 [Tokyo, May 6, 1946] ON THE EFFECTS OF' THE RAILROAD STRIKE ON WORLD FAMINE 209 [San Francisco, May 10, 1946] WORLD FAMINE 210 [Report to The President, May 13, 1946] WORLD FAMINE SITUATION 221 [Address under auspices Famine Emergency Committee, Sherman Hotel, Chicago, May 17, 1946] A NEW WORLD FOOD ORGANIZATION NEEDED 229 [Address before the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Washington, D. C., May 20, 1946] ON EFFECT OF RAILROAD STRIKE ON RELIEF TO FAMINE AREAS 232 [Press Statement, Washington, D. C., May 25, 1946] THE MISSION TO DETERMINE NEEDS OF THE FAMINE AREAS 233 [Mexico, D. F., May 28, 1946] x ON WORLD FAMINE 235 [Bogota, Colombia, May 31, 1946] ON THE FOOD MISSION 237 [Quito, Ecuador, June 1, 1946] ON THE WORLD FAMINE CRISIS 238 [Address at Luncheon given by the President of Peru at Lima, June 2, 1946] ON THE WORLD FOOD CRISIS 245 [Address at Luncheon given by American Ambassador to Chile at Santiago, June 5, 1946] ON THE WORLD FOOD CRISIS 252 [Buenos Aires, Argentina, June 10, 1946] ON COMMUNIST PRESS PRACTICES 254 [Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, June 15, 1946] ON THE LATIN-AMERICAN FOOD SITUATION 256 [Press Statement, Washington, D. C., June 19, 1946] REPORT ON THE WORLD FAMINE 259 [Address broadcast over the Canadian Broadcasting Company from Ottawa, June 28, 1946] ADDRESS AT A BANQUET IN HONOR OF HIS EXCELLENCY, THE PRIME MINISTER OF GREECE 267 [New York City, December 16, 1946] GERMAN AGRICULTURE AND FOOD REQUIREMENTS 269 [Report to The President, February 26, 1947] xi ON RELIEF ASSISTANCE TO COUNTRIES DEVASTATED BY WAR 286 [Statement before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, February 28, 1947] ON AUSTRIAN AGRICULTURE AND FOOD REQUIREMENTS – ECONOMIC REORGANIZATION 294 [Report to The President, March 11, 1947] ON GREEK INDEPENDENCE DAY 303 [Remarks before Greek War Relief Dinner, New York City, March 25, 1947] ON THE GERMAN FOOD CRISIS 305 [Press Statement, New York City, May 15, 1947] THE WORLD FOOD SITUATION 306 [Address at Madison Square Garden, New York City, September 21, 1947] INDEX 311 xii Postwar Foreign Loans Executives' Club, Chicago, Illinois [September 17, 1945] Members of the Executives' Club: I AM deeply grateful for your generous reception; and I am especially touched that General Dawes should have consented to come here to introduce me today, for General Dawes has been my friend and my colleague ever since I entered public life. I shall respond to the invitation of your members that I should discuss the proposals for large postwar loans or financial aid from our government for relief and reconstruction of our former allies. I refer to direct aid from our government over and above our indirect commitments already made through Bretton Woods, the Export-Import Bank, and UNRRA. Let me say at the outset that I favor such financial assistance under safeguards and defined fiscal policies. Never in human history has there been such an imperative need for wisdom and imagination in facing the common problems of mankind. They call for concepts of great generosity and tolerance that faith may be restored on this earth. We in America can let no child, woman, or man starve – whether friend or enemy – as long as we have an ounce of surplus. When it comes to financial assistance for postwar reconstruction, however, if we act without wisdom and without regard to experience, far from curing the ills of the world, we will make them worse. 4 ADDRESSES UPON THE AMERICAN ROAD It is therefore the defined policies and the safeguards around such operations with which I am concerned at this occasion. They are very serious, and if properly imposed, will require great frankness, courage, and boldness in leadership. On this problem I speak as the sole surviving American official from World War I who combined the functions of authority over a portion of the loans made during and after the first world war, who was also a member of the Debt Commission that renegotiated these loans, and who subsequently had to deal with the earlier efforts at their repudiation by the debtors. Knowing the conclusions of my many eminent colleagues of those times who can no longer speak, imposes an even more specific duty upon me. The world had little experience in lending huge sums by governments before World War I. There were mistakes made at that time, but whatever the mistakes, they were the mistakes of pioneers in unknown lands.