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THE STUDY on SEWERAGE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT in the SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC FINAL REPORT [Volume II : Main Report]

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No. MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND CONSTRUCTION THE SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC THE STUDY ON SEWERAGE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT IN THE SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC FINAL REPORT [Volume II : Main Report] MARCH 2008 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY NJS CONSULTANTS CO.,LTD. and TOKYO ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS CO.,LTD. GE JR 08-006 < Structure of Report > Volume I Summary Report Volume II Main Report (Master Plan and Feasibility Study) Volume III Supporting Report (Master Plan and Feasibility Study) 1 USD = 52.61 SP 1 USD = 118.32 Yen 1 Euro = 72.820 SP 1 USD = 0.71 JD 1 USD = 1.45 TD (As of November 2007) PREFACE In response to a request from the Government of Syrian Arab Republic, the Government of Japan decided to conduct a study on “The Study on Sewerage System Development in Syrian Arab Republic” and entrusted to the study to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). JICA selected and dispatched a study team headed by Mr. Hirofumi Sano of NJS CONSULTANTS Co., LTD. and consisted of experts from NJS CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. and TOKYO ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. between November 2006 and December 2007. In addition, JICA set up an advisory committee supported by Mr. Atsuo Furuyama, Chief Engineer, Agriculture and Forestry Division, Ninohe City Government (former JICA expert regarding Syrian Arab Republic) and Ms. Hiroko Kamata, Senior Advisor, Institute for International Cooperation, JICA, which examined the study from specialist and technical points of view. The team held discussions with the officials concerned of the Government of Syrian Arab Republic and conducted field surveys at the study area. Upon returning to Japan, the team conducted further studies and prepared this final report. I hope that this report will contribute to the promotion of this study and to the enhancement of friendly relationship between our two countries. Finally, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the officials concerned of the Government of Syrian Arab Republic for their close cooperation extended to the study. March 2008 Ariyuki Matsumoto Vice President Japan International Cooperation Agency March 2008 Mr. Ariyuki Matsumoto Vice-President Japan International Cooperation Agency Letter of Transmittal Dear Sir, We are pleased to submit to you this Final Report on the Study on Sewerage System Development in the Syrian Arab Republic. This report incorporates the views and suggestions of the authorities concerned of the Government of Japan, including your Agency. It also includes the comments made on the Draft Final Report by the Ministry of Housing and Construction of the Syrian Arab Republic and other government agencies concerned of the Syrian Arab Republic. The Final Report comprises a total of three volumes as listed below. Volume I : Executive Summary (English, Arabic and Japanese) Volume II : Main Report (English, Arabic and Japanese) Volume III : Supporting Report (English and Arabic) This report contains the Study Team’s findings, conclusions and recommendations derived from the three phases of the Study. The main objective of the Phase I was to review of existing development plans in national sewerage sectors. That of Phase II was to formulate the Governorate Master Plan for seven Governorates, and that of the Phase III was to undertake the Feasibility Study of the priority project which had previously been identified in the Master Plan during the course of the Phase II. We wish to take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to your Agency, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of the Government of Japan for their valuable advice and suggestions. We would also like to express our deep appreciation to the relevant officers of the Ministry of Housing and Construction of the Government of the Syrian Arab Republic for their close cooperation and assistance extended to us throughout our Study. Very truly yours, Hirofumi Sano Team Leader Study on Sewerage System Development in the Syrian Arab Republic The Study on Sewerage System Development in The Syrian Arab Republic Final Report Location Map of Study Area Turkey MEDITERRANEAN Syria SEA Iraq Lebanon Jordan : Target Governorates of Master Plan The Study on Sewerage System Development in The Syrian Arab Republic Final Report ④ ⑤ ③ ② ⑦ ① Barada & Awaj ② Orontes ③ Coastal ① ④ Tigris & Khabour ⑤ Euphrates & Aleppo ⑥ ⑥ Yarmouk ⑦ Al Badia Hydrological Basins in Syria JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND CONSTRUCTION THE SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC THE STUDY ON SEWERAGE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT IN THE SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC <FINAL REPORT> Volume II: Main Report TABLE OF CONTENTS Location Map Table of Contents List of Tables and Figures Abbreviations PART I: MASTER PLAN CHAPTER 1 Background of the Study .........................................................................M1-1 CHAPTER 2 Objectives of the Study and Description of the Study Area 2.1 Objectives of the Study .................................................................................................M2-1 2.2 Study Area.....................................................................................................................M2-1 2.3 Description of the Study Area.......................................................................................M2-2 2.3.1 Natural Conditions..................................................................................................M2-2 2.3.2 Socio-Economic Conditions ...................................................................................M2-6 CHAPTER 3 Present Condition of Water Pollution Control in Syria 3.1 National Policy for Water Resources Preservation and Water Pollution Control .........M3-1 3.1.1 Tenth Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development ...............................M3-1 3.1.2 National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) of Syria ..........................................M3-1 3.1.3 Protection of Marine Environment .........................................................................M3-4 i 3.2 Institutional Framework................................................................................................M3-5 3.2.1 Outline of Administration relating to Water pollution Control...............................M3-5 3.2.2 Ministry of Local Administration and Environment (MLAE)................................M3-6 3.2.3 Ministry of Irrigation (MOI)...................................................................................M3-7 3.3 Legislative Framework .................................................................................................M3-8 3.3.1 Environmental Law No. 50, 2002...........................................................................M3-8 3.3.2 Regulation/Standards for Water Pollution Control and Wastewater ManagementM3-10 3.3.3 Observation on Existing Legislation.....................................................................M3-17 3.4 Present Condition of Water Pollution in Public Waters ..............................................M3-19 3.4.1 Characteristics of Natural Condition in Hydrological Basins...............................M3-19 3.4.2 Water Resources....................................................................................................M3-21 3.4.3 Water Quality in Public Waters.............................................................................M3-23 3.4.4 Major Pollution Sources .......................................................................................M3-34 CHAPTER 4 Institutional and Organizational Framework of Sewerage Sector 4.1 Institutional Framework................................................................................................M4-1 4.2 Organization of Sewerage Sector..................................................................................M4-3 4.2.1 Ministry of Housing and Construction (MHC).......................................................M4-3 4.2.2 Public Establishment of Drinking Water and Sewerage (Establishment)...............M4-6 4.2.3 Sewerage Company (Company) .............................................................................M4-7 4.2.4 Other Relevant Institutions...................................................................................M4-10 4.3 Issues and Challenges in Water and Sewerage Sector ................................................M4-11 4.4 Sector Reform Projects being Implemented by Other Donors....................................M4-14 4.5 Observation from the Study Team ..............................................................................M4-19 CHAPTER 5 Present Conditions of Existing Sewerage System 5.1 Present Status of Sewerage Sector, existing Facilities and Plans..................................M5-1 5.1.1 Present Status of Sewerage Sector..........................................................................M5-1 5.1.2 Present Status of existing Facilities and Plans........................................................M5-1 5.1.3 Outline of Regional Plan ........................................................................................M5-4 5.2 Present Conditions of Existing Sewerage Facilities, Current Status of existing Sewerage Development Plans and major Issues .................M5-5 5.2.1 Lattakia Governorate ..............................................................................................M5-5 5.2.2 Tartous Governorate ...............................................................................................M5-8 5.2.3 Deir-Ez-zor Governorate ......................................................................................M5-12
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