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VIIRS SDR User's Guide

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VIIRS SDR User's Guide NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 142 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Sensor Data Record (SDR) User’s Guide Version 1.3 Washington, D.C. 2 March 2017 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service The National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) manages the Nation’s civilian Earth-observing satellite systems, as well as global national data bases for meteorology, oceanography, geophysics, and solar-terrestrial sciences. From these sources, it develops and disseminates environmental data and information products critical to the protection of life and property, national defense, the national economy, energy development and distribution, global food supplies, and the development of natural resources. Publication in the NOAA Technical Report series does not preclude later publication in scientific journals in expanded or modified form. The NESDIS series of NOAA Technical Reports is a continuation of the former NESS and EDIS series of NOAA Technical Reports and the NESC and EDS series of Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA) Technical Reports. An electronic copy of this report may be obtained at: https://cs.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/NCC/VIIRS A limited number of copies of earlier reports are available by contacting, NOAA/NESDIS/STAR, 5830 University Research Ct, Suite 2600, College Park, Maryland 20740, Phone: 301 683-3490. A partial listing of more recent reports appears below: NESDIS 111 An Algorithm for Correction of Lunar Contamination in AMSU-A Data. Seiichiro Kigawa and Tsan Mo, December 2002. NESDIS 112 Sampling Errors of the Global Mean Sea Level Derived from TOPEX/Poseidon Altimetry. Chang-Kou Tai and Carl Wagner, December 2002. NESDIS 113 Proceedings of the International GODAR Review Meeting: Abstracts. Sponsors: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the European Community, May 2003. NESDIS 114 Satellite Rainfall Estimation Over South America: Evaluation of Two Major Events. Daniel A. Vila, Roderick A. Scofield, Robert J. Kuligowski, and J. Clay Davenport, May 2003. NESDIS 115 Imager and Sounder Radiance and Product Validations for the GOES-12 Science Test. Donald W. Hillger, Timothy J. Schmit, and Jamie M. Daniels, September 2003. NESDIS 116 Microwave Humidity Sounder Calibration Algorithm. Tsan Mo and Kenneth Jarva, October 2004. NESDIS 117 Building Profile Plankton Databases for Climate and EcoSystem Research. Sydney Levitus, Satoshi Sato, Catherine Maillard, Nick Mikhailov, Pat Cadwell, Harry Dooley, June 2005. NESDIS 118 Simultaneous Nadir Overpasses for NOAA-6 to NOAA-17 Satellites from 1980 and 2003 for the Intersatellite Calibration of Radiometers. Changyong Cao, Pubu Ciren, August 2005. NESDIS 119 Calibration and Validation of NOAA 18 Instruments. Fuzhong Weng and Tsan Mo, December 2005. NESDIS 120 The NOAA/NESDIS/ORA Windsat Calibration/Validation Collocation Database. Laurence Connor, February 2006. NESDIS 121 Calibration of the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A Radiometer for METOP-A. Tsan Mo, August 2006. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 142 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Sensor Data Record (SDR) User’s Guide Version 1.3 Changyong Cao1, Xiaoxiong (Jack) Xiong2, Robert Wolfe2, Frank DeLuccia3, Quanhua (Mark) Liu1, Slawomir Blonski1, Guoqing (Gary) Lin2, Masahiro Nishihama2, Dave Pogorzala1, Hassan Oudrari2, and Don Hillger1 1NOAA/NESDIS/STAR College Park, MD 20740 2NASA/GSFC Greenbelt, MD 20771 3The Aerospace Corporation Los Angeles, CA 90009 Washington, DC March 2017 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE John Bryson, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Dr. Jane Lubchenco, Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere and NOAA Administrator National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service Mary Kicza, Assistant Administrator Revision History Revision Date Brief Summary of Changes Version 0.9(draft) 01 August 2011 Baseline document draft Version 1.0 20 December 2011 Baseline document Version 1.1 19 February 2013 Updated geometric description, 11 April 2013 made corrections to several other Sections Version 1.2 10 September 2013 Re-baseline for the Tech Report ID Version 1.3 2 March 2017 Update single-gain band pre- aggregation saturation flag discussion. Note: For the latest versions of this document, please visit http://www.start.nesdis.noaa.gov/jpss/VIIRS, or http://ncc.nesdis.noaa.gov in the VIIRS section of the Calibration Knowledge Base (CKB). iv 1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 PURPOSE OF THIS GUIDE ...................................................................................... 2 1.2 VIIRS HERITAGE ................................................................................................. 2 2. AN OVERVIEW OF THE VIIRS INSTRUMENT ............................................... 4 2.1 VIIRS DESIGN ..................................................................................................... 4 2.1.1 VIIRS Special Geometric Features ................................................................. 7 2.2 VIIRS SPECTRAL BANDS ..................................................................................... 9 2.3 VIIRS ONBOARD CALIBRATION AND RADIOMETRIC PERFORMANCE................. 11 2.4 VIIRS POSTLAUNCH CALIBRATION/VALIDATION .............................................. 13 3. VIIRS DATA RECORDS....................................................................................... 15 3.1 RAW DATA RECORDS (RDR) ............................................................................. 15 3.2 SENSOR DATA RECORDS (SDR)......................................................................... 16 3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL DATA RECORDS (EDR) ......................................................... 17 3.4 QUALITY FLAGS, GRANULE AND AGGREGATION-LEVEL METADATA ................. 18 4. DATA PROCESSING AND RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION ...................... 20 4.1 DATA PROCESSING FLOW .................................................................................. 21 4.1.1 SDR Algorithms Overview ............................................................................ 22 4.1.2 Calibration Algorithms and Coefficients for the TEBs ................................. 23 4.1.3 Calibration Algorithms and Coefficients for the RSBs ................................. 25 4.1.4 Day-Night-Band (DNB) ................................................................................ 27 4.2 LOOK UP TABLES (LUTS).................................................................................. 28 5. GEOLOCATION AND GEOMETRIC PERFORMANCE ............................... 28 5.1 GEOLOCATION ALGORITHM ............................................................................... 29 5.2 BAND-TO-BAND REGISTRATION (BBR) ............................................................. 32 5.3 SPATIAL RESPONSE, SPATIAL RESOLUTION, AND IMAGE QUALITY .................... 33 6. DATA DISTRIBUTION, ACCESS, AND DISPLAY .......................................... 36 6.1 DISTRIBUTION AND ACCESS ............................................................................... 36 6.2 DATA FILES AND SOFTWARE TOOLS .................................................................. 36 6.3 DIRECT READOUT (DRO) .................................................................................. 37 7. REFERENCES ........................................................................................................ 38 8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................... 39 9. APPENDIX: ACRONYMS (AND ABBREVIATIONS) USED IN THIS REPORT .......................................................................................................................... 40 i 1. Introduction The Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) is our nation's next generation polar-orbiting operational environmental satellite system, procured by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). JPSS will provide continuity of critical observations for accurate weather forecasting, reliable severe storm outlooks, global measurements of atmospheric, oceanic, and land surface variables such as atmospheric temperature and water vapor profiles, clouds, sea surface temperatures, vegetation, fire, aerosols, ocean color, and others. The JPSS was established in year 2010 as a result of restructuring the National Polar- orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS), to provide the continuity for NOAA’s polar-orbiting operational environmental satellite system (POES). As a result of the restructuring, NOAA and NASA were instructed by the U.S. President’s Office of Science and Technology to develop a mission that addresses afternoon orbit (~1:30 PM local equator crossing time at ascending node) data collection with a 16-day repeat cycle, while the EUMETSAT is responsible for the mid-morning orbit with their MetOp series which carry both NOAA and EUMETSAT instruments, and the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) would be responsible for the early morning orbit. Development and subsequent operation of a shared Common Ground System (CGS) will supersede the Interface Data Processing Segment (IDPS) while the IDPS continues uninterrupted
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