Security Council Distr.: General 28 September 2015
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Syria and Repealing Decision 2011/782/CFSP
30.11.2012 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 330/21 DECISIONS COUNCIL DECISION 2012/739/CFSP of 29 November 2012 concerning restrictive measures against Syria and repealing Decision 2011/782/CFSP THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, internal repression or for the manufacture and maintenance of products which could be used for internal repression, to Syria by nationals of Member States or from the territories of Having regard to the Treaty on European Union, and in Member States or using their flag vessels or aircraft, shall be particular Article 29 thereof, prohibited, whether originating or not in their territories. Whereas: The Union shall take the necessary measures in order to determine the relevant items to be covered by this paragraph. (1) On 1 December 2011, the Council adopted Decision 2011/782/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria ( 1 ). 3. It shall be prohibited to: (2) On the basis of a review of Decision 2011/782/CFSP, the (a) provide, directly or indirectly, technical assistance, brokering Council has concluded that the restrictive measures services or other services related to the items referred to in should be renewed until 1 March 2013. paragraphs 1 and 2 or related to the provision, manu facture, maintenance and use of such items, to any natural or legal person, entity or body in, or for use in, (3) Furthermore, it is necessary to update the list of persons Syria; and entities subject to restrictive measures as set out in Annex I to Decision 2011/782/CFSP. (b) provide, directly or indirectly, financing or financial assistance related to the items referred to in paragraphs 1 (4) For the sake of clarity, the measures imposed under and 2, including in particular grants, loans and export credit Decision 2011/273/CFSP should be integrated into a insurance, as well as insurance and reinsurance, for any sale, single legal instrument. -
PRISM Syrian Supplemental
PRISM syria A JOURNAL OF THE CENTER FOR COMPLEX OPERATIONS About PRISM PRISM is published by the Center for Complex Operations. PRISM is a security studies journal chartered to inform members of U.S. Federal agencies, allies, and other partners Vol. 4, Syria Supplement on complex and integrated national security operations; reconstruction and state-building; 2014 relevant policy and strategy; lessons learned; and developments in training and education to transform America’s security and development Editor Michael Miklaucic Communications Contributing Editors Constructive comments and contributions are important to us. Direct Alexa Courtney communications to: David Kilcullen Nate Rosenblatt Editor, PRISM 260 Fifth Avenue (Building 64, Room 3605) Copy Editors Fort Lesley J. McNair Dale Erikson Washington, DC 20319 Rebecca Harper Sara Thannhauser Lesley Warner Telephone: Nathan White (202) 685-3442 FAX: (202) 685-3581 Editorial Assistant Email: [email protected] Ava Cacciolfi Production Supervisor Carib Mendez Contributions PRISM welcomes submission of scholarly, independent research from security policymakers Advisory Board and shapers, security analysts, academic specialists, and civilians from the United States Dr. Gordon Adams and abroad. Submit articles for consideration to the address above or by email to prism@ Dr. Pauline H. Baker ndu.edu with “Attention Submissions Editor” in the subject line. Ambassador Rick Barton Professor Alain Bauer This is the authoritative, official U.S. Department of Defense edition of PRISM. Dr. Joseph J. Collins (ex officio) Any copyrighted portions of this journal may not be reproduced or extracted Ambassador James F. Dobbins without permission of the copyright proprietors. PRISM should be acknowledged whenever material is quoted from or based on its content. -
COUNCIL DECISION 2013/255/CFSP of 31 May 2013 Concerning Restrictive Measures Against Syria
L 147/14 EN Official Journal of the European Union 1.6.2013 COUNCIL DECISION 2013/255/CFSP of 31 May 2013 concerning restrictive measures against Syria THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, products which could be used for internal repression, to Syria by nationals of Member States or from the territories of Having regard to the Treaty on European Union, and in Member States or using their flag vessels or aircraft, shall be particular Article 29 thereof, prohibited, whether originating or not in their territories. Whereas: The Union shall take the necessary measures in order to (1) On 27 May 2013, the Council agreed to adopt for a determine the relevant items to be covered by this paragraph. period of 12 months restrictive measures against Syria in the following fields, as specified in Council Decision 2012/739/CFSP of 29 November 2012 concerning 2. It shall be prohibited to: restrictive measures against Syria ( 1): — export and import restrictions with the exception of arms and related material and equipment which (a) provide, directly or indirectly, technical assistance, brokering might be used for internal repression; services or other services related to the items referred to in paragraph 1 or related to the provision, manufacture, main — restrictions on financing of certain enterprises; tenance and use of such items, to any natural or legal person, entity or body in, or for use in, Syria; — restrictions on infrastructure projects; — restrictions of financial support for trade; (b) provide, directly or indirectly, financing or financial assistance related to the items referred to in paragraph 1, — financial sector; including in particular grants, loans and export credit insurance, as well as insurance and reinsurance, for any — transport sector; sale, supply, transfer or export of such items, or for the provision of related technical assistance, brokering services or other services to any natural or legal person, entity or — restrictions on admission; body in, or for use in, Syria. -
Syria, a Country Study
Syria, a country study Federal Research Division Syria, a country study Table of Contents Syria, a country study...............................................................................................................................................1 Federal Research Division.............................................................................................................................2 Foreword........................................................................................................................................................5 Preface............................................................................................................................................................6 GEOGRAPHY...............................................................................................................................................7 TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS....................................................................................8 NATIONAL SECURITY..............................................................................................................................9 MUSLIM EMPIRES....................................................................................................................................10 Succeeding Caliphates and Kingdoms.........................................................................................................11 Syria.............................................................................................................................................................12 -
Key Findings Recommendations to the U.S. Government
SYRIA TIER 1 | USCIRF-RECOMMENDED COUNTRIES OF PARTICULAR CONCERN (CPC) KEY FINDINGS In 2017, religious freedom conditions, as well as human rights, vary in levels of restriction of religious freedom. In northeastern remained dire in Syria. For most of the year, the Islamic State Syria, Christians living in the Kurdish-held Autonomous Adminis- of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) continued to carry out mass exe- tration complained of increased interference in private Christian cutions, attack civilian populations, and kidnap religious schools and confiscation of property. Armed Islamist opposition minorities. By year’s end, the Global Coalition to Defeat ISIS groups in northern Syria, including the al-Qaeda affiliated Hay’at largely had defeated the group in Raqqa and Deir-ez-Zor. The Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), attacked Shi’a pilgrims and harassed those Syrian government continued to target and depopulate Sunni opposed to their strict Islamic rules. Due to the collective actions Muslim-dominated areas. The year also saw a massive spike of the Assad regime, elements of the armed opposition, and in the involvement of the Syrian Local Defense Forces (LDF)— U.S.-designated terrorist groups, USCIRF again finds in 2018 that militias backed and funded by Iran and integrated into the Syrian Syria merits designation as a “country of particular concern,” or Armed Forces—in sectarian violence targeting Sunni Muslims. CPC, under the International Religious Freedom Act (IRFA), as Allies of the Syrian regime, including foreign Shi’a fighters it has found since 2014. USCIRF also finds that, based on condi- recruited by the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corp (IRGC) from tions in 2017, ISIS merits designation as an “entity of particular Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, and Lebanon, also carried out sec- concern” (EPC) for religious freedom violations under December tarian attacks. -
B COUNCIL REGULATION (EU) No 36/2012 of 18
02012R0036 — EN — 30.05.2020 — 045.001 — 1 This text is meant purely as a documentation tool and has no legal effect. The Union's institutions do not assume any liability for its contents. The authentic versions of the relevant acts, including their preambles, are those published in the Official Journal of the European Union and available in EUR-Lex. Those official texts are directly accessible through the links embedded in this document ►B COUNCIL REGULATION (EU) No 36/2012 of 18 January 2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria and repealing Regulation (EU) No 442/2011 (OJ L 16, 19.1.2012, p. 1) Amended by: Official Journal No page date ►M1 Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 55/2012 of 23 January L 19 6 24.1.2012 2012 ►M2 Council Regulation (EU) No 168/2012 of 27 February 2012 L 54 1 28.2.2012 ►M3 Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 266/2012 of 23 March L 87 45 24.3.2012 2012 ►M4 Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 410/2012 of 14 May 2012 L 126 3 15.5.2012 ►M5 Council Regulation (EU) No 509/2012 of 15 June 2012 L 156 10 16.6.2012 ►M6 Council Implementing Regulation 2012/544/CFSP of 25 June 2012 L 165 20 26.6.2012 ►M7 Council Regulation (EU) No 545/2012 of 25 June 2012 L 165 23 26.6.2012 ►M8 Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 673/2012 of 23 July 2012 L 196 8 24.7.2012 ►M9 Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 742/2012 of 16 August L 219 1 17.8.2012 2012 ►M10 Council Regulation (EU) No 867/2012 of 24 September 2012 L 257 1 25.9.2012 ►M11 Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 944/2012 -
COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING DECISION 2012/335/CFSP of 25 June 2012 Implementing Council Decision 2011/782/CFSP Concerning Restrictive Measures Against Syria
L 165/80 EN Official Journal of the European Union 26.6.2012 COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING DECISION 2012/335/CFSP of 25 June 2012 implementing Council Decision 2011/782/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION: Having regard to the Treaty on European Union, Article 1 The person and entities listed in the Annex to this Decision Having regard to Council Decision 2011/782/CFSP of shall be added to the list set out in Annex I to Decision 1 December 2011 concerning restrictive measures against 2011/782/CFSP. Syria ( 1 ), and in particular Article 21(1) thereof, Article 2 Whereas: This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. (1) On 1 December 2011, the Council adopted Decision 2011/782/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria. Done at Luxembourg, 25 June 2012. (2) In view of the gravity of the situation in Syria, one additional person and additional entities should be For the Council included in the list of persons and entities subject to restrictive measures as set out in Annex I to Decision The President 2011/782/CFSP, C. ASHTON ( 1 ) OJ L 319, 2.12.2011, p. 56. 26.6.2012 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 165/81 ANNEX PERSON AND ENTITIES REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 1 Persons Name Identifying information Reasons Date of listing 1. Bouthaina Shaaban Born 1953 in Homs, Syria Political and Media Advisor to the President 26.6.2012 (a.k.a. -
Crimes Against Humanity in Syria Systematic Torture to Quell Public Dissent
Crimes against Humanity in Syria Systematic Torture to Quell Public Dissent Report submitted to the Committee against Torture in the context of the special review of the Syrian Arab Republic 20 April 2012 Alkarama recalls that it concentrates its work on four priority areas: extrajudicial executions, enforced and involuntary disappearances, torture and arbitrary detention. We base our work primarily on the documented individual cases we submit to UN Special Procedures and Treaty Bodies, as well as our contacts with local actors including victims, their families, lawyers and human rights defenders. Alkarama – 2bis Chemin des Vignes – 1209 Geneva – Switzerland +41 22 734 10 06 – F +41 22 734 10 34 - Email: [email protected] – Url: www.alkarama.org Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................................ 2 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 1. CONTEXT ............................................................................................................................................................................ 3 1.1 ERUPTION OF DEMONSTRATIONS AND EXCESSIVE STATE REACTION ................................................................................. 3 1.2 PATTERNS OF COLLECTIVE REPRESSION.......................................................................................................................... -
4.1 Syrian Arab Republic Government Contact List Syrian Arab Republic Government Contact List
4.1 Syrian Arab Republic Government Contact List Syrian Arab Republic Government Contact List Ministry National or Street / Physical Address Name Email Phone Comments Provincial Number /State (Office) Authority Local Administration & n/a n/a Mr Erfan Ali erfalihs@s +963 11 232 n/a Development cs-net.org 1370 www. +963 11 271 mlae-sy. 2105 org/ +963 11 231 3268 +963 11 231 7911 +963 11 231 8683 Fax Numbers: +963 11 232 0886 +963 11 231 6921 +963 11 232 0885 Agriculture Damascus Al Jabri Street, Damascus n/a n/a +963 11 222 n/a 7600 +963 11 221 3613 Fax: +963 11 411 643 Awkaf Damascus Rukn Eddin, Damascus n/a n/a +963 11 441 n/a 9080 Culture Damascus Al Rawda, George Haddad Street, Damascus Dr. Riad www. +963 11 333 n/a Na'asan Agha moc.gov. 1557 sy +963 11 333 8600 +963 11 333 8633 Fax Numbers: +963 11 411 944 +963 11 334 2606 Page 1 Defence Damascus Umayyad Square, Damascus n/a n/a +963 11 881 n/a 3236 +963 11 372 1287 +963 11 777 0700 +963 11 371 0980 +963 11 372 0936 Economy & Foreign Trade Damascus Maysaloun Street, Damascus n/a n/a +963 11 221 n/a 3513 +963 11 221 3514 Fax: +963 11 411 892 Education Damascus Shabandar Square, Damascus Dr. Ali Saad www. +963 11 446 n/a syrianedu 4110 cation.org. sy +963 11 331 3205 +963 11 444 4702 Electricity Damascus Kouatli Street, Damascus n/a n/a +963 11 222 n/a 8334 +963 11 222 9654 Fax:+963 11 411 256 Environment Damascus Salhieh, Damascus n/a n/a +963 11 222 n/a 6005 Fax:+963 11 412 686 Establishments & Construction Damascus Al Jabri Street,. -
The Aesthetics of Islamic Architecture & the Exuberance of Mamluk Design
The Aesthetics of Islamic Architecture & The Exuberance of Mamluk Design Tarek A. El-Akkad Dipòsit Legal: B. 17657-2013 ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tesisenxarxa.net) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX. No s’autoritza la presentació del s eu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tesisenred.net) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. -
Pilgrimage in Syria 5 Days
Pilgrimage in Syria 5 Days Day 1: Arrival Arrival to airport Meet and assist and transfer to Hotel Dinner and overnight Day 2: Full day Damascus Damascus is mentioned in Genesis 14:15 as existing at the time of the War of the Kings Nicolaus of Damascus, in the fourth book of his History, says thus: "Abraham reigned at Damascus”. According to the New Testament, Saint Paul was on the road to Damascus when he received a vision of Jesus, and as a result accepted him as the Messiah. The Damascus Straight Street (referred to in the conversion of St. Paul in Acts 9:11), also known as the Via Recta, was the decumanus of Roman Damascus, and extended for over 1,500 meters (4,900 ft). Today, it consists of the street of Bab Sharqi and the Souk Medhat Pasha. The House of Saint Ananias (also called Chapel of Saint Ananias) is the ancient alleged house of Saint Ananias, in the old Christian quarter. It is said by some to be the house where Ananias baptized Saul. The Chapel of Saint Paul is a modern stone chapel in Damascus that incorporates materials from the Bab Kisan, the ancient city gate through which Paul was lowered to escape the jews After began the tireless Christian preaching that would characterize the rest of his life (Acts 9:20-25). Paul himself later says that it was through a window that he escaped from certain death (2 Cor 11:32-33). According to the Acts of the Apostles, Saint Thomas also lived in that neighborhood. -
Syria Page 1 of 22 CONSOLIDATED LIST of FINANCIAL SANCTIONS T
CONSOLIDATED LIST OF FINANCIAL SANCTIONS TARGETS IN THE UK Page 1 of 22 CONSOLIDATED LIST OF FINANCIAL SANCTIONS TARGETS IN THE UK Last Updated:27/07/2018 Status: Asset Freeze Targets REGIME: Syria INDIVIDUALS 1. Name 6: ABBAS 1: AMJAD 2: n/a 3: n/a 4: n/a 5: n/a. a.k.a: AL-ABBAS, Amjad Position: Head of Political Security in Banyas Listed on: 10/05/2011 Last Updated: 04/07/2018 Group ID: 11912. 2. Name 6: ABBAS 1: FAYSSAL 2: n/a 3: n/a 4: n/a 5: n/a. Title: Dr DOB: --/--/1955. POB: Hama Province a.k.a: ABBAS, Faysal Other Information: Former Minister for Transport Listed on: 28/02/2012 Last Updated: 31/05/2013 Group ID: 12510. 3. Name 6: ABBAS 1: GHASSAN 2: n/a 3: n/a 4: n/a 5: n/a. Title: Brigadier General DOB: 10/03/1960. POB: Homs Address: CERS, Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Recherche de Kaboun Barzar Street, PO Box 4470, Damascus. Position: Manager of the branch of Syrian Scientific Studies and research Centre (SSRCC/CERS) near Jumraya/Jmraiya Other Information: CERS is also known as SSRC, Scientific Studies and Research Center. Listed on: 09/03/2015 Last Updated: 01/10/2016 Group ID: 13229. 4. Name 6: ABDALLAH 1: KHALAF 2: SOULEYMANE 3: n/a 4: n/a 5: n/a. DOB: --/--/1960. POB: Deir ez-Zor a.k.a: AL- ABDULLAH, Khalaf, Sleiman Other Information: Former Minister of Labour Listed on: 22/10/2014 Last Updated: 07/06/2017 Group ID: 13155.