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Coalitional Strategy of Bhartiya Janata Party in Indian Politics : a Critical Study

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Coalitional Strategy of Bhartiya Janata Party in Indian Politics : a Critical Study COALITIONAL STRATEGY OF BHARTIYA JANATA PARTY IN INDIAN POLITICS : A CRITICAL STUDY COALITIONAL COALITIONAL STRATEGY OF BHARTIYA ABSTRACT JANATA JANATA PARTY IN INDIAN POLITICS : ABSTRACT THESIS Submitted in Partial Fullfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of A CRITICAL STUDY Doctor of Philosophy In Political Science By RABIA DARAB UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF Professor Abdulrahim P. Vijapur DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2019 Mob. No. +91 9897906122 E-mail: [email protected] Ph.D. (JNU), LL.M. (Essex) Professor & Ex-Chairman Certificate This is to certify thatMiss. Rabia Darab , Research Scholar of the Department of Political Science, A.M.U. Aligarh has completed her thesis entitled “Coalitional strategy of Bhartiya Janata Party in Indian Politics: A Critical Study”, under my supervision. This thesis has been submitted to the Department of Political Science, Aligarh Muslim University, in the fulfillment of requirements for the award of the degree ofDoctor of Philosophy. To the best of my knowledge, it is her original work and the matter presented in the thesis has not been submitted in part or full for any degree of this or any other university. (Prof. Abdulrahim Vijapur) Supervisor Acknowledgement The credible opportunity to complete the task on time is only possible with the blessings of Allah, the Creator of all the worlds. I am very thankful to Almighty Allah for giving me courage, patience, and sincerity throughout in completing this study. The honest effort, care, and love of my parents – Mr. Ishtiaq Ali and Mrs. Mushahida Ishtiaq – to boost my career are the strongest things in this world that help me to achieve my goals. Words can’t express humble gratitude to them. May Allah give them better rewards in this world and hereafter? The strength that helps me to achieve this academic height is none other than my respected mentor Professor Abdulrahim P. Vijapur. His incredible guidance and encouragement always inspire me to improve my research performance. The perceptive, substantial, and insightful comments on the earlier drafts of this thesis greatly improved its contents and readability of the final draft. I am also thankful to our adore Chairman, Professor Nigar Zuberi, whenever I faced ambiguities in my academic expressions it was she who stood to rescue me from getting stumble through her inspirational words. I owe my esteem to all the rest of the faculties of the Department of Political Science AMU, Professor Arif Hameed, Professor Mohd. Abid, Professor Mirza Asmer Beg, Dr. Aftab Alam, Professor Farhana Kausar, Professor Arshi Khan and Dr. Adil Ghaznavi. I am also thankful to faculties of different departments of the Aligarh Muslim University for their support and cooperation including Professor Munawwar Hussain (D/O- ForensicMaulana Medicine), Azad Dr. Library,Riaz Ahmad Aligarh (D/O- Zoology), Muslim Er. UniversityAhmed Ali (Rtd. Chief UPPTCL). The personnel whose support makes the study easy includes administrative staff of the Department of Political Science, especially Mr. Afzal, Mr. Faheem, Mr. Sulaiman, Mr. Asif, Mr. Nizam and Mr. Asaf Khan (Seminar Library Incharge). Thanks also goes to the staff of Maulana Azad Library AMU, for their cooperation and help. My Special thanks goes to my well-wishers including Dr. Javed Ahmad, Dr. Mudasir Ahmed Qazi, Dr. Bilal Qadir, Dr. Shama Akhtar, Dr. Sheetal, Swaleha Parveen, Rubela, Khushboo, Saba, Gazala, Habiba, and those whose names might I forget at this time of excitement. My Gratitude also goes to family members without their support this work would not have been possible my Grand Parents (Maternal, Paternal) my sisters Sana Ishtiaq, Kainat Husna, Samia Lareb, my sister in law Shabana my brothers Adnan Khubaib, Adan Ishtiaq, my brother in law Mohd Rizwan, my niece & nephew Rayyan, Hadin and Hania. Rabia Darab Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University CONTENTS Page No. Acknowledgement i-ii Abbreviations iii-v List of Tables vi Introduction 1-14 Objectives of the Study Chapterisation scheme Literature Review Methodology Chapter-I: Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP): 15-44 A Historical Perspective Introduction Organisational Structure The Emergence of Hindu nationalism Origin of Jana Sangh (1951-1977) Janata Party (1977-1979) Emergency (1975) 1977 Elections Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University Creation of the Janata Party Fall of the Janata Government The New Beginning 1980 Gujarat Riots (2002)- Carnage 2004 Elections Victory in 2014 Elections Chapter- II: Bhartiya Janata Party’s Coalitional 45-96 Strategy: from State to Centre Introduction The Congress System 1967 Elections: Jana Sangh’s role in mobilising non-Congress parties Tactics of Jana Sangh for 1967 elections 1967 elections: A revolution Coalition at the State Level Coalition in West Bengal Coalition in Uttar Pradesh Coalition in Madhya Pradesh The Haryana Coalition The Coalition trial in Kerala Strategy or Moderation of Jana Sangh after 1967 The Railway strike of 1974 Emergency and the role of Jana Sangh (1975-77) Jana Sangh’s rise to National Level politics 1977 State Elections and Major Conflicts Conflict, Contradiction and fall of Janata Government Coalition at the Centre Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University New Beginning (rise of the BJP) Dawn of the Coalition Era The National Front Government Failure of the National Front The United Front Government Failure of the United Front Government The BJP-led National Democratic Alliance Fall of BJP-led government (2004) Chapter-III: Indian Party System: A Comparison of the Regimes of NDA (1998 to 2004) and UPA-I and II (2004 to 2014) 97- 128 Introduction 2004 Lok Sabha Elections and Alliance strategy of the BJP and Congress Alliance strategy of BJP- NDA Hindutva strategy of the BJP BJP Debacle in 2004 Lok Sabha Polls Emergence of Loose Bi-Polar Alliance System BJP (NDA) and Congress (UPA) 2004 -2009 UPA-up and NDA- down (2004 elections) 2009 Lok Sabha election and BJP debacle 2014 Lok Sabha election: Debacle of the Congress led UPA and revival of the BJP led NDA 2014 Election from castes to social engineering Tactics for brand Modi Chapter-IV: Coalitional Strategy of BJP pre and post 2014 elections 129-158 Maulana Introduction Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University Intra party negation Election Campaign of Narendra Modi: 2014 New tactics through old techniques: vote mobilisation strategy Modi’s Rally Corruption The stereotyped of Hindutva RSS support Coalition strategies of BJP after 2014 elections Importance of pre-electoral allies Jammu and Kashmir Maharashtra Bihar Goa Gujarat Assam Tripura Conclusion 159- 162 Bibliography 163-174 Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AIADMK - All India Dravida Munnetra Kazhagom ABVP - Akhil Bhartiya Vidhyarti Parishad AICC - All India Congress Committee AIRF - All India Railway men’s Federation AGP - Assam Gana Parishad AITC - All India Trinamool Congress AIUDF - All India United Democratic Front AD - Apna Dal AAP - Aam Aadmi Party BPF - Bodoland People’s Front BJS - Bhartiya Jana Sangh BJD - Biju Janata dal BJP - Bhartiya Janata Party BLD - Bhartiya Lok Dal BSP - Bahujan Samaj Party BMS - Bhartiya Kisan Sangh Congress (I) - Congress (Indira) Congress (O) - Congress (Organisation) CongressMaulana (R) Azad- Library,Congress Aligarh (Requisition Muslim) University CFD - Congress for Democracy CPI (M) - Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI - Communist Party of India DMK - Dravida Munnetra Kazhagom GNLF - Gorkha National Liberation Front GFP - Goa Forward Party iii HJC - Haryana Janhit Congress INLD - Indian National Lok Dal IFDP - Indian Federal Democratic Party INC - Indian National Congress JD (S) - Janata Dal (Secular) JD (U) - Janata dal (United) JP - Janata Party JMM - Jharkhand Mukti Morcha KPP - Kamtapur People’sParty LJP - Lok Janshakti Party LDF - Left Democratic Front MDMK - Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagom MGP - Maharashtravadi Gomantak Party NAC - National Advisory Council NCMP - National Common Minimum Programme NCC - National Coordination Committee NCP - Nationalist Congress Party NDA - National Democratic Alliance - NF - National Front NPP - National People’s Party NFIRMaulana Azad- Library,National Aligarh Federation Muslimof Indian Railwaymen University PEPSU - Patiala and East Punjab States Union PSP - Praja Socialist Party PDF - Progressive Democratic Fund PDP - People’s Democratic Party PMK - Pattali Makkal Katchi RJD - Rashtriya Janata Dal iv RLD - Rashtriya Lok Dal RSS - Rashtriya Swayam Sewak Sangh RSP - Rashtriya Samaj Paksha SIT - Special Investigation Team SAD - Shirmani Akali Dal SRP - Socialist Republican Party SS - Shiv Sena SSP - Samyukta Socialist Party SVD - Samyukta Vidhayak Dal SDF - Sikkim Democratic Front SSP - Shiv Sangram Party SJM - Swadeshi Jagran Manch TDP - Telugu Desam Party TRS - Telengana Rashtriya Samiti UDF - United Democratic Front UF - United Front UPA - United Progressive Alliance VHP - Vishva Hindu Parishad Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University v LIST OF TABLES ___________________________________________________________ Table No. Description Page No. 1 Performance of the Jana Sangh in National Elections. 51 2 Congress performance (1977-2009). 113 3 Some State’s Performance of the Congress (INC) and BJP (2004-2009). 115 4 National and Regional Parties, (1991-2009) in % of Valid Votes. 117 Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University vi Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh
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