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Cheilymenia Catenipila J. Moravec (Pezizales) Un Rare Discomycète Coprophile Découvert En Espagne Et En France

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Cheilymenia Catenipila J. Moravec (Pezizales) Un Rare Discomycète Coprophile Découvert En Espagne Et En France Cheilymenia catenipila J. Moravec (Pezizales) Un rare discomycète coprophile découvert en Espagne et en France Enrique RUBIO Résumé : les auteurs décrivent et illustrent une espèce de Pézizales rare, Cheilymenia catenipila J. Moravec, Michel DELPONT récoltée pour la première fois en Espagne et en France. Mots-clés : Ascomycota, Asturies, Pyronemataceae, Cheilymenia, champignon coprophile. Resumen: los autores describen e ilustran una rara especie de Pezizal: Cheilymenia catenipila J. Moravec, en- Ascomycete.org, 6 (1) : 11-16. contrada por vez primera en España y Francia. Mars 2014 Palabras clave: Ascomycota, Asturias, Pyronemataceae, Cheilymenia, hongos coprófilos. Mise en ligne le 15/03/2014 Summary: The authors describe and illustrate a rare coprophilous fungus, Cheilymenia catenipila J. Moravec, collected for the first time in Spain and France. Keywords: Ascomycota, Asturias, Pyronemataceae, Cheilymenia, coprophilous fungus. Introduction marquées avec des chutes de neige. C’est dans ce contexte que nous avons souhaité faire part de nos découvertes de cette espèce, aux poils particuliers, qui comptent probablement parmi les premières Les Asturies sont situées sur la côte septentrionale de l’Espagne ; récoltes faites en Europe. bordées par l’océan Cantabrique au nord, la Galice à l’ouest et la Can- tabrie à l’est, elles sont délimitées au sud par les Monts Canta- briques. Cette région, plutôt montagneuse, bénéficie d’un climat Matériel et méthodes océanique très marqué, humide une grande partie de l’année, gé- néralement très doux en hiver et modérément chaud durant l’été. La description a été effectuée à partir de champignons frais. Les Véritable paradis naturel, les Asturies possèdent de nombreux parcs observations et photographies ont été faites à l’aide d’un micro- et réserves. Ces particularités climatiques et écologiques se révèlent scope Nikon Eclipse E-400 (caméra Nikon D70 S) et d’un Leitz Or- très favorables à l’apparition de très nombreuses espèces fongiques. tholux (appareil Nikon Coolpix 990). Eau, réactif de Lugol (IKI), réactif La station située dans les Pyrénées françaises (département des Py- de Melzer (MLZ), bleu coton lactophénol, potasse (KOH 5 %) et rénées Atlantiques) partage de nombreuses similitudes avec les rouge congo ont été utilisés pour le montage des différentes pré- deux stations des Asturies : climat océanique très humide (entre 900 parations. Toutes les mesures ont été effectuées sur matériel frais, et 2 000 l/m2 par an) et températures douces (11° C de moyenne an- dans l’eau. Les valeurs statistiques ont été obtenues à partir d’une nuelle), bien que certaines périodes hivernales peuvent être très population de 60 ascospores issues de plusieurs exemplaires des Fig. 1 — Localisations des récoltes de Cheilymenia catenipila, en Espagne et en France. 11 deux récoltes espagnoles. Les échantillons sont conservés dans ou moins largement sessiles au début, mais s’étalant à la fin, ferme- l’herbier des auteurs : E. Rubio (ERD) et M. Delpont (HMD). La carto- ment ancrées au support au moyen d’abondantes hyphes blanchâ- graphie est extraite de Google Earth. tres. Hyménium granuleux, orange pâle, ochracé-orangé, avec des reflets rosés ou saumonés lorsqu’il est bien hydraté, palissant en se Description desséchant ou en vieillissant. Marge et surface externe concolores à l’hyménium, fimbriées par l’existence de poils courts, hyalins, grou- pés en fascicules qui confèrent à l’ascome un aspect couronné ou Cheilymenia catenipila J. Moravec, Acta Mus. Morav. Sci. Biol., 88 (1-2) : 48 (2003). étoilé. Ces poils, chez les exemplaires adultes, peuvent disparaître presque entièrement, rendant plus difficile l’identification.Chair très Systématique : Pezizomycetes, Pezizales, Pyronemataceae. mince. Asques cylindracés, jusqu’à 120 × 10 μm, à sommet brusquement Étymologie : du latin catenulatus = disposés en chaînes et pili = tronqué, octosporés, operculés, sans réaction à l’iode, à base très se référant aux poils composés de cellules qui sont, pour la plupart, tortueuse. Un certain nombre d’asques possèdent des crochets par- disposées en chaînes. ticulièrement difficiles à mettre en évidence.Spores obliquement Diagnose: unisériées, 12,2–15,2 × 6,0–6,5 μm, Q = 1,89–2,43, hyalines, lisses Apothecia 1.5–3.5 mm diam., sessilia, primum hemisphaerica, dein breviter observées au microscope optique — très finement ornementées au doliiformia, crasse leniter patellaria, usque discoidea, applanata vel lobato-pul- microscope électronique à balayage selon MORAVEC (2005) —, étroi- vinata, marginemque subtiliter fimbriata, in hymenio laete aurantiaca; extus tement ellipsoïdales à presque cylindriques, mononuclées, sans gut- pallide aurantia, dense minute granulata. Excipulum internum (medulla) e tex- tules internes, mais à contenu réfringent, jaunâtre, dans les spores tura angulari usque subintricata. Excipulum externum e textura globulosa usque très mûres ; présence également d’une bulle de De Bary après mon- globuloso-angulari. Pili brevi, 25–50×6–12 μm, catenulati vel articulati, sub- hyalini. Asci 140–160×10–13 μm, crasse cylindracei, octospori. Ascosporae (9.5– tage dans IKI ou dans le bleu coton chauffé. Paraphyses filiformes, )10.2–13.0(–14.5) × (4.3–)4. 7–5.8(–6.9) μm, (plerumque 12.0×5.5 μm), multi-septées, de 2 μm de diamètre, droites ou légèrement fléchies elongato-ellipsoideae, saepe angustatae, perisporio separabile, sublaevi, subti- au sommet, élargies jusqu’à 6 μm, à un contenu guttulaire incolore. liter ornato cum verrucis cyanophilis, perexiguis, irregulariter distributis donatae. Excipulum médullaire mixte, de textura subintricata composée Paraphyses filiformes, 1.7–2.7 μm crassae, apice clavatoincrassatae [4.5–7.5(– d’hyphes cylindracées et d’éléments globuleux ou anguleux. Exci- 9) μm]. pulum ectal de textura globulosa à cellules vésiculeuses, hyalines, Habitat. In excremento vaccino, New Zealand, Orongorongo Valley (dis- trictus Wellington), 6.XI.1970 Ann Bell legit. Holotypus in PDD 73217 (ex de 10–35 μm de diamètre. Poils hyalins, pouvant atteindre 83 μm de WELTU No 57) asservantur. longueur, formant une chaîne allant jusqu’à dix éléments ; ces poils naissent des cellules externes de l’excipulum ectal et deviennent Apothécies pouvant atteindre 9 mm de diamètre, superficielles, progressivement cylindracés jusqu’à une cellule terminale plus cla- grégaires, isolées ou plus souvent confluentes, en groupes serrés, viforme (jusqu’à 15 × 7 μm), avec une paroi légèrement épaissie de et se déformant alors par compression mutuelle, turbinées et plus 0,5–1,5 μm. Hyphes d’ancrage présentes, hyalines. Fig. 2 — Cheilymenia catenipila. Ascomes in situ, ERD-6090. Photos : E. Rubio. 12 A B F D C E G H I J K L M Fig. 3 — Cheilymenia catenipila. Caractères microscopiques. Photos : E. Rubio. A. Asque dans le Melzer. B et I. Asques dans l’eau. C. Bases d’asques. D. Crochet (dans le rouge congo). E. Crochet (dans le bleu coton). F. et G. Sommet d’asques et de paraphyses, dans l’eau. H. Sommet d’asques dans le bleu coton. J. Spores dans l’eau. K. Spores dans l’am- moniaque (NH4OH) après réhydratation. L. Spores dans le bleu coton. M. Spores dans le Melzer après réhydratation. 13 A B C Fig. 4 — Cheilymenia catenipila. Caractères microscopiques. Photos : E. Rubio. A. Excipulum médullaire dans le bleu coton (×400). B. Excipulum ectal dans le bleu cotton (×400). C. Excipulum ectal dans l’eau. 14 AB CD Fig. 5 — Cheilymenia catenipila. Caractères microscopiques. Photos : E. Rubio. A. Poils (×400) dans IKI (gauche) et dans l’eau (droite). B. Poils marginaux dans l’eau. C. Poils marginaux dans IKI. D. Poils des flancs de l’apothécie dans IKI. Matériel étudié cher du genre Pseudombrophila Boud., mais en diffèrent par l’ab- Riofabar, foces del río Infierno (Piloña), Asturias, Espagne, 43º 15’ sence de pigments intercellulaires foncés parmi les poils, l’excipu- 12.30’’ N; 5º 19’ 08.08’’W; alt. 589 m, 21-IX-2013, sur bouses de vaches lum et par le décollement de la périspore. Une confusion pourrait (Bos taurus), leg. E. Rubio, dans une hêtraie avec Corylus avellana, également se produire avec les espèces de la section Coprobia Alnus et Salix, sur sol acide, quartzitique ; orientation SE. Herbier (Boud.) J. Moravec (1990), mais ces dernières ne possèdent que des ERD-6090, HMD-6090. poils hyphoïdes et espacés sur les flancs, et la périspore est ornée de Piloñeta, Puente Pra (Nava), Asturias, Espagne, 43º 20’ 37.02’’ N; 5º stries longitudinales. 30’ 07.47’’ W; alt. 267 m, 27-IX-2013, sur bouses de vaches (Bos tau- Trouvée en Espagne en 2013, cette très rare espèce avait été ré- rus), leg. E. Rubio, en forêt mêlée, avec Corylus avellana, Fraxinus et coltée pour la première fois, semble-t-il, sur le sol européen, par Salix, sur sol calcaire ; orientation S-SE. Herbier ERD-6099, HMD- B. Rodríguez (12-X-2012, voir détails ci-dessus) et déterminée 6099. comme Pseudombrophila coprina (CAMPOS et al., 2013). Note : il n’a pas été trouvé d’autres espèces de champignons co- prophiles sur le substrat, hormis un Cercophora cf. coprophila sur ERD-6090, ce Cheilymenia semblant être très envahissant. Remerciements Osse-en-Aspe, forêt d’Issaux-Gave d’Issaux, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France, 43° 02’8.89’’N ; 0°41’55.75’’ W ; alt. 640-710 m, 12-X-2012, sur Nous remercions B. Rodríguez et I. Olariaga pour nous avoir trans- bouses de vaches (Bos taurus), leg. B. Rodríguez, dans une forêt de mis une partie du matériel français (BR 318) et P. Zapico pour son Fagus sylvatica avec Corylus avellana et Betula alba, végétation ripi- aide à la traduction d’une partie du texte en français. A Nicolas Van cole et quelques Abies alba, sur sol calcaire. Herbier BR 318 (sub nom. Vooren pour ses conseils et sa relecture du texte. Pseudombrophila coprina). Révision E. Rubio. Bibliographie Discussion CAMPOS J.C., MATEO J.F., MUÑOZ G., OLARIAGA I., PANCORBO F., PARRA L.A., Décrite initialement de Nouvelle-Zélande, Cheilymenia catenipila PÉREZ DE GREGORIO M.A., PÉREZ-GORJÓN S., RIBES M.A., RODRÍGUEZ B., ROJO est une espèce assez particulière, caractérisée par la forme de ses C., SÁNCHEZ G.
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