La Familia Apocynaceae Sensu Lato En México: Diversidad Y Distribución

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

La Familia Apocynaceae Sensu Lato En México: Diversidad Y Distribución Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 78: 459- 482, 2007 http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2007.002.402 La familia Apocynaceae sensu lato en México: diversidad y distribución The family Apocynaceae sensu lato in Mexico: diversity and distribution Verónica Juárez-Jaimes*, Leonardo O. Alvarado-Cárdenas y José Luis Villaseñor Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado postal 70-233, 04510, México, D. F. *Correspondencia: [email protected] Resumen. La familia Apocynaceae s.l. se ubica entre las 15 familias más diversas de México, con 385 especies repartidas en 50 géneros y 3 subfamilias, de las cuales Asclepiadoideae es la de mayor diversidad en géneros, especies y endemismos. Los géneros con más especies nativas (y endémicas) son Asclepias y Matelea. Los estados más ricos en diversidad de taxones son los ubicados en ambas vertientes; destacan Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca y Veracruz. Por su número de especies, sobresalen el bosque tropical caducifolio y los matorrales xerófi los. Del total de especies, 176 son endémicas de México. Se presenta la lista de especies registradas, señalándose su distribución por estados. Palabras clave: Apocynaceae s.l., Apocynoideae, Asclepiadoideae, Rauvolfi oideae, Diversidad. Abstract. Apocynaceae s.l. is among the 15 most diverse families in Mexico, with a total of 385 species, distributed in 50 genera and 3 subfamilies of which Asclepiadoideae is the most diverse in numbers of genera, species and endemics. The genera with the most native species and endemics are Asclepias and Matelea. The richest states in terms of taxon diversity are those at the Pacifi c and Atlantic slopes, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Guerrero and Veracruz being the most prominent. Tropical deciduous forest and arid tropical scrub are the most important vegetation types by their total number of species, 176 of which are endemic to Mexico. A list of species recorded in México is provided, indicating their state distribution. Key words: Apocynaceae s.l., Apocynoideae, Asclepiadoideae, Rauvolfi oideae, species diversity. Introducción parte del orden Gentianales y actualmente se subdividen en 5 subfamilias de acuerdo con Endress y Bruyns (2000): Jussieu (1798) propuso por primera vez las Apocynaceae Apocynoideae Burnett, Asclepiadoideae R. Br. ex Burnett, bajo una circunscripción poco clara, reconociendo 3 grupos Periplocoideae R. Br. ex Endl., Rauvolfi oideae Kostel y con base en las características de los frutos. En 1810, Robert Secamonoideae Endl. que incluyen alrededor de 395 Brown separó las Asclepiadaceae de la circunscripción de géneros y 5000 especies (Endress, 2004), y tanto en el Jussieu, apoyado en su compleja morfología fl oral. Desde mundo como en México se ubican entre las familias más entonces se ha aceptado tal propuesta y se han reconocido ricas por su número de especies. como 2 familias independientes, aunque cercanamente La nueva propuesta de clasifi cación es un paso relacionadas. importante hacia un mejor conocimiento de su historia En fechas recientes, la información morfológica y sobre natural y en particular de su sistemática, como lo evidencian todo los análisis fi logenéticos basados en datos moleculares los trabajos de Liede y Täuber (2000), Rapini et al. (2003) (Sennblad y Bremer, 1996, 2002) y combinados (Endress o Liede-Schumann et al. (2005). Desafortunadamente, en et al., 1996; Potgieter y Albert, 2001) han aportado términos geográfi cos, tal conocimiento no es equitativo; sufi ciente evidencia para reconsiderar la unifi cación de las por ejemplo, las investigaciones llevadas a cabo en el 2 familias en una sola (Apocynaceae sensu lato). Con el Viejo Mundo han generado bastante información, lo que fi n de reconocer sólo grupos monofi léticos, esta decisión no ha ocurrido en América. De manera particular, en parece recomendable, ya que de otro modo se continuaría México persiste la tradición de considerar Apocynaceae manteniendo una propuesta de arreglo artifi cial. De esta y Asclepiadaceae como familias distintas (Standley, 1924; manera, las Apocynaceae s.l. se siguen reconociendo como Williams, 1996b; Juárez-Jaimes y Lozada, 2003; Alvarado- Cárdenas, 2004a). El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar Recibido: 14 noviembre 2006; aceptado: 27 febrero 2007 un resumen sobre el conocimiento de la diversidad y 460 Juárez-Jaimes et al.- Apocynaceae en México distribución geográfi ca de Apocynaceae s.l. en México. o axilar. La parte superior del gineceo constituye una estructura especializada, de forma variable denominada La familia Apocynaceae s.l. estigma, cabeza estilar o cabeza estigmática, que puede Aunque ya existen trabajos que tratan Apocynaceae y ser receptiva a todo lo largo o solamente en su posición Asclepiadaceae como una sola entidad taxonómica, en basal. este trabajo se presenta un resumen de las principales En la familia se muestra un incremento en la organización características de los taxones mexicanos, considerando del androceo con la cabeza estigmática, hasta formar el conveniente proporcionar una descripción del grupo. ginostegio. Por ejemplo, los miembros de la subfamilia Se discuten también algunos aspectos de su potencial Rauvolfi oideae presentan anteras no especializadas importancia antropocéntrica. y libres de la cabeza estigmática, con excepción de La familia Apocynaceae incluye plantas anuales o algunos géneros, como Cascabela, Stemmadenia y perennes, principalmente hierbas erectas o trepadoras y Tabernaemontana; en las otras subfamilias las anteras se con menos frecuencia árboles y arbustos. La mayoría de unen al estigma formando el ginostegio. En la subfamilia sus integrantes están provistos de laticíferos constituidos Apocynoideae las anteras son especializadas con rieles por células individuales o ramifi cadas que producen guías lignifi cados, pero sin translatores. Las subfamilias látex lechoso, rojizo (Aspidosperma) o transparente Periplocoideae, Secamonoideae y Asclepiadoideae tienen (Thenardia), el cual contiene glucósidos y alcaloides translatores. Periplocoideae se caracteriza por las anteras que pueden ser muy tóxicos (Asclepias linaria Cav.). sin rieles guías lignifi cados y por el polen en tétradas libres Las hojas son simples, persistentes o caducas, opuestas o o agregado en polinios en un translator, con un receptáculo a veces alternas, rara vez verticiladas, acompañadas por en forma de cuchara. Secamonoideae tiene los granos de glándulas conocidas como coléteres; los coléteres pueden polen agregados en 4 diminutos polinios, unidos directa localizarse en las axilas, en la base y sobre el pecíolo o en o indirectamente al corpúsculo. Asclepiadoideae presenta la haz a lo largo del nervio medio, o incluso en las bases estructuras muy especializadas, donde las anteras se unen de las brácteas y de los sépalos. En la familia se presentan a la cabeza estigmática formando el ginostegio, el tubo tanto fl ores solitarias, surgiendo de la parte terminal de estaminal generalmente está asociado a una corona dorsal las ramas o en las axilas de las hojas (Mandevilla), como y con rieles guía muy esclerifi cados y los granos de polen una variedad muy amplia de infl orescencias, sobre todo siempre están contenidos en polinios que cuentan con racemosas; por ejemplo, umbelas (Asclepias), corimbos translatores. (Cascabela), racimos (Mandevilla) o panículas. Las Los frutos son muy variados; generalmente son fl ores son hermafroditas, actinomorfas o ligeramente folículos (Gonolobus, Mandevilla, Marsdenia, Plumeria), zigomorfas, pentámeras, vistosas o muy pequeñas pero también se presentan drupas (Cascabela), bayas (Orthosia, Metastelma, Rauvolfi a); el cáliz es gamosépalo, (Vallesia) y, rara vez, sámaras (Cameraria). Las semillas pero dividido casi hasta su base, la corola es gamopétala, son aplanadas y comosas, ciliadas, aladas, cubiertas por un hipocraterimorfa, infudibuliforme o con menos frecuencia arilo (Stemmadenia y Tabernaemontana) o desnudas. tubular o urceolada; el limbo presenta una prefl oración dextrocontorta o sinistrocontorta. Importancia antropogénica de Apocynaceae s.l. En la corola de muchas de las especies se presentan Desde mucho tiempo atrás, algunas especies de la estructuras que dependiendo de la subfamilia se denominan familia Apocynaceae s.l. se han utilizado como veneno apéndices supraestaminales, apéndices infraestaminales, (Woodson, 1930); otras se utilizan en la actualidad como corona o corona corolina, de posición y forma variable plantas de ornato o fármaco efectivo contra la leucemia (e.g. anulares [Prestonia, Laubertia], estaminoidales (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don). Varias especies [Cascabela], cojinetes [Marsdenia], etc.). provenientes del Viejo Mundo son muy apreciadas en Las anteras son biloculares o tetraloculares, basifi jas; México como ornamentales (por ejemplo, Nerium oleander pueden estar libres, aglutinadas o fusionadas a la cabeza L., Vinca major L. o Ceropegia woodii Schltr.), en tanto estigmática. El polen está agregado en mónadas, tétradas que Matelea cyclophylla (Standl.) Woodson, endémica o aglutinado en una masa cerosa por lóculo llamado de México, se cultiva en el Viejo Mundo junto con otras polinio. Los polinios de estambres adyacentes se unen a especies americanas, como Allamanda cathartica L., los brazos fl exibles de un translator, unidos, a su vez, a Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold o Plumeria rubra L. En un corpúsculo, el cual se ubica entre las anteras. El ovario la región mesoamericana, algunas especies de Plumeria es súpero (en las especies de Plumeria, semiínfero), tienen importancia ceremonial.
Recommended publications
  • Apocynaceae: Apocynoideae), a New Genus from Oaxaca, Mexico
    NUMBER 5 WILLIAMS: THOREAUEA, NEW GENUS OF APOCYNACEAE 47 THOREAUEA (APOCYNACEAE: APOCYNOIDEAE), A NEW GENUS FROM OAXACA, MEXICO Justin K. Williams Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas 77341-2116 Abstract: Recent studies of Mexican Apocynaceae have uncovered a new species. The taxon is here viewed as generically distinct and accordingly the name Thoreauea paneroi J. K. Williams, gen. et sp. nov. is proposed. The species is from montane pine-oak cloud forests of the Santiago Juxtlahuaca area of northwestern Oaxaca, Mexico. Its relationship to Thenardia H.B.K. and other genera is discussed. Keywords: Echites, Forsteronia, Laubertia, Parsonsia, Prestonia, Thoreauea, Thenar­ dia, Apocynaceae. Recently, a specimen of Apocynaceae rotatis) et corona corollae praesenti (vice carenti) et from Oaxaca, Mexico was provided to me antheris inclusis (vice exsertis) differt. by one of the collectors, Jose L. Panero, for identification. After close examination, I VINE, twining, latex milky. STEMS te­ determined that the specimen does not key rete, 3-3.5 mm in diameter, light green, gla­ out to any of the genera recognized in a key brous, lenticellate with age; interpetiolar to the Mexican genera of Apocynaceae (J. ridge moderately prominent. LEAVES op­ K. Williams, 1996). This specimen keys out posite to subopposite, petiolate, membra­ most favorably to Thenardia H.B.K., how­ nous; petioles 20-23 mm, with a solitary ever, it possesses novel characters not found bract and 2-4 colleters at base; colleters in Thenardia (e.g., dissected corona at the 0.8-1.0 mm long, linear lanceolate, dark corolla mouth). A cladistic analysis (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Sonorensis 2009
    sonorensis Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum contents r e t h c a h c S h s o J Newsletter Volume 29, Number 1 1 Introduction Winter 2009 By Christine Conte, Ph.D. The Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum 2 Diet and Health: An Intimate Connection a Co-founded in 1952 by í c r By Mark Dimmitt, Ph.D. a G Arthur N. Pack and William H. Carr s ú s e J t t i m m i D k r a Robert J. Edison M Executive Director 4 Linking Human and Environmental Health through Desert Foods By Gary Nabhan,Ph.D., Martha Ames Burgess & Laurie Monti, Ph.D. Christine Conte, Ph.D. Director, Center for Sonoran n a s e Desert Studies r K r TOCA, Tohono O’odham Community Action, e t 9 e P Creating Hope and Health with Richard C. Brusca, Ph.D. Traditional Foods Senior Director, Science and Conservation By Mary Paganelli A C O 12 Ancient Seeds for Modern Needs: T Linda M. Brewer Growing Your Own Editing By Suzanne Nelson, Ph.D. 13 On our Grounds: Wild Edibles at the Martina Clary Arizona-Sonora Desert Musuem Design and Production r e By George Montgomery, Kim Duffek & Julie Hannan Wiens d n e v e D n a V . R . sonorensis is published by the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, T 2021 N. Kinney Road, Tucson, Arizona 85743. ©2009 by the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 Sabores Sin Fronteras/Flavors Without Borders: Fruit Diversity in Desert Agriculture No material may be reproduced in whole or in part without prior Offers Resilience in the Face of Climate Change written permission by the publisher.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander Krings Herbarium, Department of Plant Biology North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7612, U.S.A
    Index of names and types in West Indian Gonolobinae (Apocynace- ae: Asclepiadoideae), including fourteen new lectotypifications, one neotypification, A new name, and A new combination Alexander Krings Herbarium, Department of Plant Biology North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7612, U.S.A. [email protected] ABSTRACT Types and their location of deposit are provided for taxa of subtribe Gonolobinae (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) in the West Indies. The following fourteen taxa are lectotypified: Gonolobus bayatensis Urb., G. broadwayae Schltr., G. ciliatus Schltr., G. dictyopetalus Urb. & Ekman, G. ekmanii Urb., G. nipensis Urb., G. sintenisii Schltr., G. tigrinus Griseb., G. tobagensis Urb., G. variifolius Schltr., Ibatia mollis Griseb., Poicilla costata Urb., Poicilla tamnifolia Griseb., and Poicillopsis crispiflora Urb. Gonolobus grenadensis Schltr. is neotypified. A new name and a new combination in Matelea Aubl. are respectively proposed for Jacaima parvifolia Proctor and J. costata (Urb.) Rendle var. goodfriendii Proctor. RESUMEN Se aportan tipos y su localización de taxa de la subtribu Gonolobinae (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) en las Indias Occidentales. Se lectotipifican los siguientes catorce taxa: Gonolobus bayatensis Urb., G. broadwayae Schltr., G. ciliatus Schltr., G. dictyopetalus Urb. & Ekman, G. ekmanii Urb., G. nipensis Urb., G. sintenisii Schltr., G. tigrinus Griseb., G. tobagensis Urb., G. variifolius Schltr., Ibatia mollis Griseb., Poicilla costata Urb., Poicilla tamnifolia Griseb., y Poicillopsis crispiflora Urb. Se neotipifica Gonolobus grenadensis Schltr. Se propone un nombre y una combinación nueva en Matelea Aubl. para Jacaima parvifolia Proctor y J. costata (Urb.) Rendle var. goodfriendii Proctor respectivamente. INTRODUCTION Subtribe Gonolobinae (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) comprises about fifty species in the West Indies, here defined to include the Greater and Lesser Antilles, the Bahamas, Trinidad and Tobago, Aruba and the Neth- erland Antilles, and the Cayman Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix F3 Rare Plant Survey Report
    Appendix F3 Rare Plant Survey Report Draft CADIZ VALLEY WATER CONSERVATION, RECOVERY, AND STORAGE PROJECT Rare Plant Survey Report Prepared for May 2011 Santa Margarita Water District Draft CADIZ VALLEY WATER CONSERVATION, RECOVERY, AND STORAGE PROJECT Rare Plant Survey Report Prepared for May 2011 Santa Margarita Water District 626 Wilshire Boulevard Suite 1100 Los Angeles, CA 90017 213.599.4300 www.esassoc.com Oakland Olympia Petaluma Portland Sacramento San Diego San Francisco Seattle Tampa Woodland Hills D210324 TABLE OF CONTENTS Cadiz Valley Water Conservation, Recovery, and Storage Project: Rare Plant Survey Report Page Summary ............................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................2 Objective .......................................................................................................................... 2 Project Location and Description .....................................................................................2 Setting ................................................................................................................................... 5 Climate ............................................................................................................................. 5 Topography and Soils ......................................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • LEARNING ECOLOGY: ETHNOBOTANY in the SIERRA TARAHUMARA, MEXICO by FELICE SEA WYNDHAM (Under the Direction of Brent Berlin) ABSTR
    LEARNING ECOLOGY: ETHNOBOTANY IN THE SIERRA TARAHUMARA, MEXICO by FELICE SEA WYNDHAM (Under the Direction of Brent Berlin) ABSTRACT This dissertation investigates social-environmental factors contributing to differential ethnobotanical expertise among children in Rarámuri (Tarahumara) communities in Rejogochi, Chihuahua, Mexico. This research contributes to understanding processes of transmission and acquisition of environmental knowledge and to the development of an ecological, interactionist model of indigenous education. The first section describes an ethnography of Rarámuri childhood, focusing on children’s life stages, work, play, and family environments. Some aspects of Rarámuri epistemologies of learning are explored. Among these is the importance of relationship maintenance through ritual and thinking/behaving well. Structured interviews with Rarámuri children between the ages of 5 and 18 showed consensus as to the primary importance of mothers, fathers, aunts and uncles as teachers of plant knowledge. Secondarily, siblings, cousins and playmates were identified as teachers. The second section presents a quantitative study of children’s knowledge of a set of 40 culturally significant local plants in three use-categories: medicinal, edible, and other material utility. The social-environmental factors significant in predicting levels of plant knowledge among children were, most notably, which primary school (of two local choices) children attended and, to a lesser extent, age of the child completing the interview. Plant-name and plant-use interviews suggest that many children today are not acquiring their parents’ full repertoire of plant knowledge, but rather, exhibit knowledge of a restricted set of plants that are most salient culturally and ecologically. The discussion of results highlights the importance of understanding how knowledge distribution patterns correspond to social relationships, social roles, and individual and family interest and experience.
    [Show full text]
  • First Report of Phyllactinia Chubutiana, Nom. Cons. on Vallesia Glabra (Apocynaceae) in Mexico
    Botany First report of Phyllactinia chubutiana, nom. cons. on Vallesia glabra (Apocynaceae) in Mexico Journal: Botany Manuscript ID cjb-2020-0211.R1 Manuscript Type: Note Date Submitted by the 11-Dec-2020 Author: Complete List of Authors: Félix-Gastélum, Rubén; Universidad de Occidente Leyva-Madrigal, Karla ; Universidad de Occidente Quiroz-Figueroa, Francisco ; Instituto Politécnico Nacional Rodriguez-Mora, Norma; Instituto Politécnico Nacional Maldonado-Mendoza,Draft Ignacio ; Instituto Politécnico Nacional Espinosa-Matías, Silvia; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mora-Romero, Guadalupe; Universidad de Occidente, Keyword: Powdery mildew, pearl berry, phylogeny, ITS Is the invited manuscript for consideration in a Special Not applicable (regular submission) Issue? : © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Page 1 of 24 Botany First report of Phyllactinia chubutiana, nom. cons. on Vallesia glabra (Apocynaceae) in Mexico Rubén Félix-Gastélum1*, Karla Yeriana Leyva-Madrigal1*, Francisco Roberto Quiroz- Figueroa2, Norma Rodriguez-Mora2, Ignacio Eduardo Maldonado-Mendoza2, Silvia Espinosa-Matías3, Guadalupe Arlene Mora-Romero1. 1 Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Unidad Regional Los Mochis, 81223, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, México. 2 Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR)- Unidad Sinaloa, 81101 Guasave, Sinaloa, México. 3Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ciencias, Coyoacán, México, D.F. México CP 04510 Draft *These authors contributed equally to this work. Guadalupe Arlene Mora-Romero, Unidad de Investigación en Ambiente y Salud-Unidad Regional Los Mochis, 81223, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, México, +52 6688161050, fax +52 6688161001, [email protected] Competing interests: The authors declare that there are no competing interests. 1 © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Botany Page 2 of 24 Abstract A new record of the powdery mildew Phyllactinia chubutiana, nom.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Chiricahua National Monument
    In Cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Chiricahua National Monument Open-File Report 2008-1023 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey National Park Service This page left intentionally blank. In cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Chiricahua National Monument By Brian F. Powell, Cecilia A. Schmidt, William L. Halvorson, and Pamela Anning Open-File Report 2008-1023 U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center Sonoran Desert Research Station University of Arizona U.S. Department of the Interior School of Natural Resources U.S. Geological Survey 125 Biological Sciences East National Park Service Tucson, Arizona 85721 U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2008 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web:http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Suggested Citation Powell, B.F., Schmidt, C.A., Halvorson, W.L., and Anning, Pamela, 2008, Vascular plant and vertebrate inventory of Chiricahua National Monument: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1023, 104 p. [http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1023/]. Cover photo: Chiricahua National Monument. Photograph by National Park Service. Note: This report supersedes Schmidt et al. (2005). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Seeds and Plants Imported
    y ... - Issued July 26, 191$ U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. WILLIAM A. TAYLOR, Chief of Bureau. INVENTORY OF SEEDS AND PLANTS IMPORTED BY THE OFFICE OF FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION DURING THE PERIOD FROM JULY 1 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1915. (No. 44; Nos. 4089G TO 41314.) "WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1918. Issued July 26,1918. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. WILLIAM A. TAYLOR, Chief of Bureau. INVENTORY OF SEEDS AND PLANTS IMPORTED OFFICE OF FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION DURING THE PERIOD FROM JULY 1 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1915. (No. 44; Nos. 40896 TO 41314.) WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1918. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. Chief of Bureau, WILLIAM A. TAYLOR. Associate Chief of Bureau, KARL P. KELLBRMAN. Officer in Charge of Publications, J. E. ROCKWELL, Chief Clerk, JAMES E. JONES. FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION. SCIENTIFIC STAPF. David Fairchild, Agricultural Explorer in Charge, P. H. Dorsett, Plant Introducer, in Charge of Plant Introduction Field Stations. B. T. Galloway, Plant Pathologist, in Charge of Plant Protection and Plant Propagation. Peter Bisset, Plant Introducer, in Charge of Foreign Plant Distribution. Frank N. Meyer, Wilson Popenoe, and F. C. Reimer, Agricultural Explorers. H. C. Skeels, S. C. Stuntz, and R. A. Young, Botanical Assistants. Henry E. Allanson, D. A. Bisset, R. N. Jones, P. G. Russell, and G. P. Van Eseltine, Scientific Assistants. Robert L. Beagles, Superintendent, Plant Introduction Field Station, Chico, Cal. E. O. Orpet, Assistant in Plant Introduction. Edward Simmonds, Superintendent, Plant Introduction Field Station, Miami, Fla. John M. Rankin, Superintendent, Yarrow Plant Introduction Field Station, Rockville, Md.
    [Show full text]
  • Monarch Handout
    All About Monarch Butterflies Presented by Rebecca Schoenenberger UCCE Master Gardener Santa Clara County Master Gardener Program Master Gardener program volunteers are trained by the University of California Cooperative Extension. Our mission is to develop, adapt and extend research-based horticultural information and educational programs to the residents of Santa Clara County. Master Gardener Help Desk • E -mail questions using our website: http://mgsantaclara.ucanr.edu/help-desk • Call the Help Desk: 408-282-3105 (9:30 a.m. – 12:30 p.m. Monday through Friday) Bring specimens to the Master Gardener Help Desk Office during Help Desk hours: • 1553 Berger Drive, Building 1, 2nd Floor, San Jose, CA 95112 • Call or bring specimens to the Master Gardeners at the Gamble Garden library in Palo Alto: 650-329-1356 Fridays only, 1-4 p.m. In winter, please call before coming to Gamble. About Monarchs - Life Cycle & Metamorphosis - Migration - Habitat - Threats - Conservation Life Cycle - Egg - Larvae (5 instars) - Pupa - Adult Migration - Eastern: Southeastern Canada, Eastern USA & Central Mexico - Western: Southwestern Canada, Western USA Pacific Wintering Habitat - California Wintering Sites: UCCE Master Gardener Program of Santa Clara County http://mgsantaclara.ucanr.edu ‣ Ardenwood Historic Farm, Fremont, CA ‣ Lighthouse Field State Beach Monarch Grove, Santa Cruz, CA ‣ Natural Bridges State Park, Santa Cruz, CA ‣ Pacific Grove Sanctuary, Pacific Grove, CA ‣ Point Lobos State Park, Carmel, CA ‣ Morro Bay State Park, Morro Bay, CA ‣ Pismo Beach Monarch Butterfly Grove, Oceano, CA ‣ Ellwood Mesa Open Space, Goleta, CA Habitat - Food ‣ Larvae = Milkweed ‣ Adult = Nectar - Shelter ‣ Monterey Pine, Monterey Cypress & Eucalyptus ‣ Moderate Weather Extremes - Space ‣ International Western (California) Shelter Trees • Monterey Pine - Pinus radiata - Fast growing, but short lived.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander Krings Herbarium, Department of Botany North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695-7612, U.S.A
    NEOTYPIFICATION OF CEROPEGIA PALUSTRIS AND LYONIA MARITIMA (APOCYNACEAE: ASCLEPIADOIDEAE) Alexander Krings Herbarium, Department of Botany North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695-7612, U.S.A. [email protected] ABSTRACT Ceropegia palustris Pursh and Ly onia maritima Elliott (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) are currently recognized as synonyms of Funastrum angustifolium (Pers.) Liede & Meve. The diminutive vine, one of the most readily recognizable taxa among a number of taxonomically difficult climbing milk- weeds in the southeastern United States, occurs primarily in swamps, hammocks, and salt marshes. A neotype is proposed here for C. palustris, which will automatically also serve as the type of L. maritima, as Elliot was well-aware that the two were synonymous. Additional relevant historical specimens of interest housed at BM, CHARL, and PH are also discussed. RESUMEN Ceropegia palustris Pursh y Ly onia maritima Elliott (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) se reconocen usualmente como sinónimos de Funastrum angustifolium (Pers.) Liede & Meve. Esta pequeña trepadora, que es uno de los taxa más fácilmente reconocibles entre un grupo taxonómicamente difícil de trepadoras del Sureste de los Estados Unidos, aparece primariamente en pantanos y lagunas saladas. Se propone aquí un neotipo para C. palustris, que servirá también automáticamente como tipo de L. maritima, porque Elliot estaba muy convencido de que los dos eran sinónimos. Se discuten también especimenes adicionales de relevancia histórica que se encuentran en BM, CHARL,
    [Show full text]
  • Floristic Quality Assessment Report
    FLORISTIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN INDIANA: THE CONCEPT, USE, AND DEVELOPMENT OF COEFFICIENTS OF CONSERVATISM Tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) the State tree of Indiana June 2004 Final Report for ARN A305-4-53 EPA Wetland Program Development Grant CD975586-01 Prepared by: Paul E. Rothrock, Ph.D. Taylor University Upland, IN 46989-1001 Introduction Since the early nineteenth century the Indiana landscape has undergone a massive transformation (Jackson 1997). In the pre-settlement period, Indiana was an almost unbroken blanket of forests, prairies, and wetlands. Much of the land was cleared, plowed, or drained for lumber, the raising of crops, and a range of urban and industrial activities. Indiana’s native biota is now restricted to relatively small and often isolated tracts across the State. This fragmentation and reduction of the State’s biological diversity has challenged Hoosiers to look carefully at how to monitor further changes within our remnant natural communities and how to effectively conserve and even restore many of these valuable places within our State. To meet this monitoring, conservation, and restoration challenge, one needs to develop a variety of appropriate analytical tools. Ideally these techniques should be simple to learn and apply, give consistent results between different observers, and be repeatable. Floristic Assessment, which includes metrics such as the Floristic Quality Index (FQI) and Mean C values, has gained wide acceptance among environmental scientists and decision-makers, land stewards, and restoration ecologists in Indiana’s neighboring states and regions: Illinois (Taft et al. 1997), Michigan (Herman et al. 1996), Missouri (Ladd 1996), and Wisconsin (Bernthal 2003) as well as northern Ohio (Andreas 1993) and southern Ontario (Oldham et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Polystemma Canisferum (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae): a Distinctive New Gonoloboid Milkweed Vine from Sonora, Mexico
    Phytotaxa 246 (1): 078–084 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.246.1.6 Polystemma canisferum (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae): a distinctive new gonoloboid milkweed vine from Sonora, Mexico ANGELA MCDONNELL1, 2 & MARK FISHBEIN1 1Oklahoma State University, Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, U. S. A. 2Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Abstract A new species from Sonora, Polystemma canisferum (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Gonolobinae), is described. Polys- temma is a segregate of Matelea consisting of species that possess hairs that are filled with a crystalline substance at maturity, filiform or fleshy corona appendages, and fusiform fruits. The new species shares these characters but is distinguished by its unique, narrowly tubular-campanulate green corolla. Images and a distribution map are included. Key words: Gonolobinae, Matelea, new species, taxonomy Introduction Polystemma Decaisne (1844: 602) is presently known as a genus of three species: P. viridiflorum Decaisne (1844: 602), P. guatemalense (Schlechter) W. D. Stevens (2005: 618), and P. mirandae Lozada-Pérez (2010: 429). Segregation of Polystemma from Matelea Aublet (1775: 277) is incomplete, and the genus will consist of at least 18 species pending taxonomic revision that will entail additional transfers (Stevens et al. 2001; Stevens 2005, 2009). When it was erected,
    [Show full text]