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Sinopsis Del Género Asclepias (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) De Hidalgo, México

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Sinopsis Del Género Asclepias (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) De Hidalgo, México UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL ESTADO DE HIDALGO culteri INSTITUTO DE CIENCIAS BÁSICAS E INGENIERÍA ÁREA ACADÉMICA DE BIOLOGÍA LICENCIATURA EN BIOLOGÍA SINOPSIS DEL GÉNERO ASCLEPIAS (ASCLEPIADOIDEAE, APOCYNACEAE) DE HIDALGO, MÉXICO Tesis para obtener el título de Licenciado en Biología Presenta: Christopher Ostwaldo Cervantes Meza Director: M. en C. Manuel González Ledesma Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo. 2018 Agradecimientos A mi director de tesis M. en C. Manuel González Ledesma, por sus enseñanzas, paciencia y apoyo, que nos permitieron concluir este trabajo. A mis sinodales, Dra. Claudia T. Hornung-Leoni, Dr. Luis Fernando Rosas Pacheco, Dr. Ignacio Esteban Castellanos Sturemark, Dr. Julián Bueno Villegas, Dr. Jorge Falcón Ordaz, Biól. Ulises Iturbe Acosta, por su revisión y comentarios que enriquecieron notablemente este escrito. A cada uno de los “maestros de la vida”, académicos de la Licenciatura en Biología, que con sus conocimientos y consejos, me formaron profesional y personalmente. A mis amigos de la universidad, Lalo, Emma, Arturo, Karlita, Dani, Memo, Yes, Tlate, Allison, René, y todos aquellos con quienes pasé momentos inolvidables. Especialmente agradezco a Sara Hernández Hernández, por su cariño y guía, que dieron origen a esta investigación. A mi familia, que ha sido el pilar fundamental a lo largo de mi vida, especialmente a mamá, mi mayor ejemplo de esfuerzo y dedicación. A todos, gracias. …La vida la vida, la vida, que es la vida En tratar de entenderla, se nos va la propia vida… El Gran Silencio Contenido RESUMEN ............................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introducción ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Morfología .................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Coevolución planta-herbívoro ...................................................................................... 5 1.3 Usos .............................................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Circunscripción del género ........................................................................................... 6 1.5 Distribución .................................................................................................................. 6 1.6 Estudios filogenéticos ................................................................................................... 6 1.7 Asclepias en México ..................................................................................................... 7 2. Justificación ........................................................................................................................ 9 3. Objetivos ............................................................................................................................ 9 3.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 9 3.2 Particulares ................................................................................................................... 9 4. Método ............................................................................................................................. 10 5. Resultados y Discusión .................................................................................................... 13 5.1 Tratamiento Taxonómico ........................................................................................... 17 5.2 Clave para identificar las especies de Asclepias de Hidalgo ....................................... 18 I. Asclepias sp. .................................................................................................................. 20 II. Asclepias angustifolia Schweigg, .................................................................................. 26 III. Asclepias asperula (Decne.) Woodson, ....................................................................... 29 IV. Asclepias auriculata Kunth, ......................................................................................... 32 V. Asclepias brachystephana Engelm. ex Torr., ................................................................ 35 VI. Asclepias coulteri A. Gray, ........................................................................................... 38 VII. Asclepias curassavica L., ............................................................................................. 41 VIII. Asclepias elata Benth., .............................................................................................. 44 IX. Asclepias fournieri Woodson, ...................................................................................... 47 X. Asclepias glaucescens Kunth, ....................................................................................... 50 XI. Asclepias jaliscana B. L. Rob., ...................................................................................... 54 XII. Asclepias jorgeana Fishbein & S.P. Lynch, .................................................................. 57 XIII. Asclepias linaria Cav., ................................................................................................ 60 XIV. Asclepias mexicana Cav., ........................................................................................... 63 XV. Asclepias notha W. D. Stevens, .................................................................................. 66 XVI. Asclepias oenotheroides Schltdl. & Cham., ............................................................... 69 XVII. Asclepias otarioides E. Fourn., ................................................................................. 72 XVIII. Asclepias ovata M. Martens & Galeotti, ................................................................. 75 XIX. Asclepias pellucida E. Fourn., .................................................................................... 78 XX. Asclepias pringlei (Greenm.) Woodson, ..................................................................... 81 XXI. Asclepias puberula A. Gray, ....................................................................................... 84 XXII. Asclepias quinquedentata A. Gray, .......................................................................... 86 XXIII. Asclepias similis Hemsl., .......................................................................................... 88 XXIV. Asclepias subverticillata (A. Gray) Vail., .................................................................. 93 6. Conclusiones .................................................................................................................... 96 7. Referencias ....................................................................................................................... 97 8. Anexos ............................................................................................................................ 106 Anexo 1. .......................................................................................................................... 106 Índice de Figuras Figura 1. Morfología floral de Asclepias ................................................................................ 3 Figura 2. Morfología floral de Asclepias syriaca .................................................................... 4 Figura 3. Filograma de máxima verosimilitud ....................................................................... 8 Figura 4. Número de especies de Asclepias de México ...................................................... 15 Figura 5. Especies de Asclepias más comunes de Hidalgo .................................................. 15 Figura 6. Riqueza de especies de Asclepias de Hidalgo por municipios .............................. 16 Figura 7. Asclepias sp. caracteres vegetativos. .................................................................... 24 Figura 8. Asclepias sp. ......................................................................................................... 25 Figura 9. Asclepias angustifolia . .......................................................................................... 28 Figura 10. Asclepias asperula subsp. asperula . ................................................................... 31 Figura 11. Asclepias auriculata . ........................................................................................... 34 Figura 12. Asclepias brachystephana . ................................................................................. 37 Figura 13. Asclepias coulteri . ............................................................................................... 40 Figura 14. Asclepias curassavica ......................................................................................... 43 Figura 15. Asclepias elata . ................................................................................................... 46 Figura 16. Asclepias fournieri . ............................................................................................. 49 Figura 17. Asclepias glaucescens ......................................................................................... 53 Figura 18. Asclepias jaliscana . ............................................................................................. 56 Figura 19. Asclepias jorgeana . ............................................................................................
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