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19 Sikap Penggunaan Radio Atas Talian “Thr Gegar ASIAN PEOPLE JOURNAL 2020, VOL 3(SI1), 19-32 e-ISSN: 2600-8971 http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/apj.2020.3.SI1.234 https://journal.unisza.edu.my/apj SIKAP PENGGUNAAN RADIO ATAS TALIAN “THR GEGAR” DALAM KALANGAN MAHASISWA UNIVERSITI (Attitude of Using Radio Online “THR Gegar” among University Student) Norizah Aripin1, Ummi Madihah Daud1 1Pusat Pengajian Teknologi Multimedia dan Komunikasi, College of Arts and Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia 06010, Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Received: 26 November 2020 • Accepted: 20 December 2020 • Published: 30 December 2020 Abstract The age of modern technology has created the online radio "THR Gegar" which is an alternative radio channel to fans of the radio channel by using the Internet and mobile gadgets in its broadcasting without having to bother finding the right frequency to get its broadcast wave. This study aims to examine the factors that influence the attitude of online radio use "THR Gegar" among students of Universiti Utara Malaysia. This study uses a quantitative methodology that is a survey of questionnaires. Distribution of questionnaires was given to students of Universiti Utara Malaysia, especially INASIS Petronas. This study uses descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis and t-test to ana- lyze the entire collected data. The results of the study found that there is a positive relationship between knowledge, ease of use, usefulness, enjoyment and frequency of use of online radio "THR Gegar" on the attitude of online radio use "THR Gegar". While, there is no difference between the gender and the atti- tude of using the radio. Based on the results of this study, the factors that influence the attitude of online radio use "THR Gegar" are knowledge, easy to use, useful, enjoyment and frequency of use of online ra- dio "THR Gegar". The results of this study are significant in terms of the development of theory, method- ology and field of digital radio broadcasting. Keywords: Attitude, Technology Acceptance Model, "THR Gegar" Online Radio Abstrak Zaman teknologi moden telah mewujudkan radio atas talian “THR Gegar” yang menjadi saluran radio alternatif kepada peminat saluran radio tersebut dengan menggunakan jaringan Internet serta gajet mudah alih dalam penyiarannya tanpa perlu bersusah-payah mencari frekuensi yang tepat untuk mendapatkan gelombang siarannya. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi sikap penggunaan radio atas talian “THR Gegar” dalam kalangan pelajar Universiti Utara Malaysia. Kajian ini 19 ASIAN PEOPLE JOURNAL, 2020, VOL 3(SI1), 19-32 menggunakan metodologi kuantitatif iaitu tinjauan soal selidik. Edaran soal selidik diberikan kepada pela- jar Universiti Utara Malaysia, khususnya INASIS Petronas. Kajian ini menggunakan analisa statistik dis- kriptif, analisis korelasi Pearson dan Spearman dan ujian t-test untuk menganalisa keseluruhan data terkumpul. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat hubungan positif antara pengetahuan, mudah digunakan, berguna, keseronokan dan kekerapan penggunaan radio atas talian “THR Gegar” terhadap sikap penggunaan radio atas talian “THR Gegar”. Manakala tidak terdapat perbezaan antara jantina dengan sikap penggunaan radio tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil kajian ini, maka faktor yang mempengaruhi sikap penggunaan radio atas talian “THR Gegar” adalah pengetahuan, mudah digunakan, berguna, keseronokan dan kekerapan penggunaan radio atas talian “THR Gegar”. Hasil kajian ini signifikan dari segi pem- bangunan teori, metodologi dan bidang penyiaran radio digital. Kata kunci: Sikap, Model Penerimaan Teknologi, Radio Atas Talian “THR Gegar” Cite as: Aripin, N., & Daud, U. M. (2021). Attitude of using radio online “THR Gegar” among university students. Asian People Journal, 3(SI1), 19-32 PENGENALAN Menggunakan radio sudah tidak asing lagi bagi masyarakat umum sebagai saluran atau medium untuk mendapatkan maklumat mahupun hiburan. Satu ketika dahulu radio amat penting sebagai sumber maklumat kepada orang ramai di segenap pelusuk negeri semasa zaman penjajahan negara asing di Tanah Melayu. Pelbagai jenis media massa yang ada pada zaman itu digunakan untuk mendapatkan maklumat terkini tentang pemerintahan dan arahan-arahan daripada pihak berkuasa. Jabatan Penerangan Malaysia misalnya pada awal operasinya dalam tahun 1940-an semasa penjajahan pihak luar telah berfungsi untuk menenang dan mengawal keadaan rakyat dengan memberi penerangan dengan menggunapakai kaedah komunikasi bersemuka, bahan bercetak serta penyiaran melalui radio (Jabatan Penerangan Malaysia, 2012). Zaman ini, teknologi pula memainkan peranan untuk meluaskan lagi siaran radio agar lebih berkesan untuk capaian para pendengar dengan menggunakan talian Internet yang semakin popular. Talian Internet lebih mudah didapati dengan adanya khidmat ‘wi-fi’ atau internet jalur lebar tanpa wayar yang banyak tempat-tempat awam seperti pusat kemudahan awam, kafe, restoran, hentian bas atau universiti. Perkataan atau terma yang sering digunakan untuk radio atas talian atau lebih dikenali dengan ‘online radio’ se- makin mendapat tempat di hati kerana lebih mudah untuk dicapai berbanding membeli sebuah radio yang menelan belanja yang besar serta kurang berbaloi. Justeru, tidak hairanlah jika anak muda masa kini menggemari untuk mendengar lagu secara atas talian menggunakan komputer meja, komputer riba ma- hupun dalam gajet pilihan masing-masing sama ada di rumah, dalam kenderaan, atau di mana jua. PERNYATAAN MASALAH Radio atas talian telah diwujudkan dengan ciptaan teknologi ‘Internet streaming’ pada awal tahun 1990- an. Ini bermakna pengguna boleh mendengar radio yang disiarkan oleh stesen radio konvensional pada saat itu tanpa perlu memuat turun fail audio dahulu. Kejayaan pertama penggunaan teknologi ini telah dicapai oleh sebuah syarikat di Amerika, Networks Progressive yang membangunkan perisian audio Real Player (van Selm, Jankowski & Kleijn, 2004). Oleh itu, penggunaan Internet semakin meningkat ekoran 20 ASIAN PEOPLE JOURNAL, 2020, VOL 3(SI1), 19-32 kemudahan jalur lebar ini dikatakan adalah satu kepentingan, dan bukan atas kehendak. Segala maklumat yang ingin dicari berada di hujung jari. Penggunaan Internet adalah paling tinggi apabila menjalankan aktiviti memuat turun filem, gambar, muzik, menonton TV atau video, atau mendengar radio serta muzik dengan peratusan 64.6% berbanding aktiviti lain secara keseluruhannya dalam Malaysia (Jadual 1). Hal ini menunjukkan masyarakat Malaysia lebih cenderung untuk menggunakan Internet sebagai sumber hiburan, khususnya mendengar radio atas talian berbanding dengan aktiviti lain (Buku Maklumat Statitik Q1, 2013). Jadual 1: Aktiviti yang dijalankan oleh pengguna Internet mengikut negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2013 Jumlah / Total % Memuat turun Bermain atau filem, gambar, Membaca atau memuat turun muzik, menonton memuat turun Membeli dan permainan TV atau video, akhbar atau membuat video atau atau mendengar Memuat turun majalah online, pesanan Negeri permainan radio atau muzik perisian buku elektronik barangan dan State komputer Downloading Downloading Reading or perkhidmatan Playing or movies, images, software downloading Purchasing and downloading music, watching TV online newspaper ordering goods video games or or video, or or magazines, and services computer games listening to radio or electronic books music MALAYSIA 47.9 64.6 31.5 52.1 15.3 Johor 51.9 66.4 34.3 54.2 14.6 Kedah 54.0 69.8 30.5 53.1 10.7 Kelantan 44.8 58.8 15.8 48.9 9.5 Melaka 64.2 72.3 44.8 52.9 11.9 Negeri Sembilan 50.7 68.4 34.2 49.1 15.0 Pahang 65.9 86.9 51.6 62.6 16.5 Pulau Pinang 37.8 53.8 27.1 57.7 13.8 Perak 39.9 57.3 12.0 47.2 9.0 Perlis 63.4 76.4 24.3 24.9 20.9 Selangor 42.4 60.2 36.1 50.5 17.6 Terengganu 68.3 83.0 43.4 59.9 7.6 Sabah 44.6 64.3 22.8 44.2 12.1 Sarawak 48.1 66.9 23.3 53.1 15.6 W.P. Kuala Lumpur 48.6 63.4 33.8 56.4 24.9 W.P. Labuan 32.5 35.3 19.2 54.0 27.0 W.P. Putrajaya 31.2 58.8 44.5 64.5 54.0 Sumber: Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia (2013) (dipetik daripada Buku Maklumat Statistik Q1 (2013). Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malay- sia. Kedapatan di http://www.skmm.gov.my/Resources/Statistics/Communications-and-Multimedia- Pocket-Book-of-Stati.aspx?lang=ms-MY. Akses pada 2 April 2015. 21 ASIAN PEOPLE JOURNAL, 2020, VOL 3(SI1), 19-32 Jenks (2010) berkata “Waking up to the radio was a routine for 12- to 24-year-olds a decade ago, but the number who do so has sharply dwindled since then” (dipetik daripada laman sesawang http://www.marketresearchworld.net/content/view/3496/77/ ). Ini bermakna, dahulu radio sangat diper- lukan oleh sejumlah orang berumur 12 hingga 24 tahun sehinggakan dijadikan sebagai jam loceng untuk bangun pada waktu pagi, tetapi jumlah itu semakin merudum. Jenks (2010) menambah lagi, lebih ramai anak muda beralih kepada penggunaan Internet daripada mendengar muzik atau membaca surat khabar. Walau bagaimanapun, dalam kajian yang dilakukan oleh Bridge Ratings (2010) (dipetik daripada Jenks, 2010) ada menunjukkan peningkatan positif dalam penggunaan radio atas talian saban tahun (Jenks, 2010). Jadual 2 di bawah menunjukkan peratusan rakyat Amerika Syarikat berumur 12 tahun ke atas da- lam penggunaan media mengikut tahun. Jadual 2: Peratusan rakyat Amerika Syarikat berumur 12 tahun ke atas dalam penggunaan media mengi- kut tahun. Sumber: Bridge Ratings, 2010 (dipetik daripada Jenks, J. (2014). Kedapatan di http://www.marketresearchworld.net/content/view/3496/77/. Akses pada 1 April 2015) Mengikut jadual di atas, 36% pengguna berumur 12 tahun
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