August 5, 1976 / 3W *

PEACE AND FREEDOM THRUI NONVIOLENT ACT¡ON

Seeking a Human Perspective on Housing How the'Vietnam War lsn't Over for Somã People Bird-Brained Schemes in the Pentagon Are Alternative lnstitutions the Way to Social Change? August Ir The 31st Anniversary of Hiroshima; For observances, see Events, page 17

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I am convinced that his present she cites show that he is not a pacifist, .¡ detention by the Lee Kuan Yew govern- perhdps) but they say nothing about the ment is for punitive reasons and NAEP. fgpPression of politicians who oppose 2) The WA\{-WSO is fïlled with hrs government. people who were in defense work. Just I appeal to all peace loving people all because a person once did defense work over the world to-once again help does not mean that hej or she only.does achieve the release not õnly ofmy evil thingb. husband Dr. Poh Soo Kai, but aliother 3) Iknow very little about the BECOMING REAI political prisoners such as Dr. Lim Hock world, but I doubt business that sub- are two ways, in thè stories at least. Siew, Said Zahari, Ho Piow and manv sidiaries of large corporations have their There others who have been in prison for m'ore first is like Pinocchio, and l've done it, projects.dictated to them by their þarent The than 13 years. I demand the PAP companies, or that the parent Through good works, and self-denial, and an enterpr¡s¡ng governrñent allow my husband to to companies have total access to the Conscience, and the only reward ' August 5,1976 l,Yol, Xll, No. Z8 speak in public so that the public witl dealings of their subsidiaries. You get for all that is a fairy know the truth 4) The half-sentence descriotion of past you a good van¡shes. - 4. Habitat Forum Seeks A Human i As a wife I know from experience Research Triangle Park is almlost Clides in the.window, calls boy, and what years ofindefinitê detentión Perspective on Housing laughable to one like myself who lives The second you gaye me, and like the velveteen rabb¡t without trial means. It is torture which near it. RTP contains so manv com- David Gurin cannot be expressed in words. ln the l:need to.be pushed, gnd poked,,and hugged, 'panies and government agenties that it r'T 7. Vietnamese POW's in Thailand eyes of the PAP government indefinite half-sentence and taken to bed, defies any description. I Don Luce detention is not a torture. have little doubt that some rvork has And left out in the rain all night, and cried over, Although I have requested the ISD to tieen done there that \{IN readers 9. Nonviolence ¡n Cibraltar ' * :-; permit nhd found in the corner of the garden, and dried me to see my husband, I have would not approve otbut it also has Craig Simpson not been allowed to see him and the ISD by the stove, I thinkit should be mentioned produced some good work. For thai has refused to let me know his present pollution And laughed at because I look silly, my elegant bor,v tie 11. Peace Studies Questionaire ' "Feminism,. Nonviolence, and the example, EPA's air research whereabouts. headquarters and thè National Institute Half-undone, and hanging askew by a thread, Beverly Woodward & Peace Movemeiit" ñVlN, 7 /22/76lwas Ithank all friends put and comrades for for Environmental Health Studies are Then picked up by one leg, and tucked under your coat Maire Dugin together in that sMe and brief their continuing support to achieve Iength because it wasâ talk I was asked there. For visits to austere relat¡ves in imposing townhouses, 12. Picking the Military's Bird unconditional release for political Admittedly. there is for Brain to give to a peace group in Bethlehem, prisoqers in Singapore. ^ ¡ioténtial And lose most ôf my sheen, and big hunks of stuffing, Steyen Lydenberg Pa.-and not j of informatio_n galnep 9t the because I think such a GRACEPOH 1ilgry And never have a fairy godmother shower stars over me condensed piece covers these subjects -ìftr. NAEP tests. And it llcrêS sêem un- 14. Alternative lnstitutions: the Road .Wlfeof Dr. Poh Soo Krl necessary and scary that tliere be any with a wand, : adequatelyl 25FÁmberRor{. to Social Change? / Frank I havejust way of identifuing individual students. But do fair:ies know about being real? returned from the Inter- Slngepore 15 what Lindenfeld national Gatherins of Women But Ms. Puls is going to have to prêsent in the 16. Nonviolent Moyeñent which took olace more factual information before I write Changes near La Clayette, France. One oftñe to my C.ongressperson about it. En- Richards 19. Reviews best conferences I've ever attended- In my years of reading WIN, I have couraging paranoia is not what IVIN -Tad eighty-five beautiful articulate women cdme to expect bettetjournalism than should be about. Cover: Photo óf the big bomb from from about ten countries discussing that exhibited by Margaret Puls DESMONDLIWIÆR the Be-Cause Look Book their involvement in and commitménts [Measuring a Child's Citizenship, Ch¡pslHlll,NC - to both the women's movement and 7/l/761. To me, the article seems to STAFF \ noiviolent action, Iiving and workine have few facts or logical arguments to I was glad to see a letter of Constance FONWHOMTHEBEI,LTOI¡S together in a convince me the NAEP Citizenship Blomen ¡- small farrñhouse and bãrn that IWIN,7/22/761, vice ' Peoplo cdl u¡'on the phone ¡ll the tlnc in¿ *" lovo lt. Me4dr rqd gnorpon. Dwight Ernest o Ruthann Evanoff whose primitive Test is such a great evil. presidential candidate facilities turned out to of the Socialist dcni¡fronf¡rrndneeirlngurupto glve uc tùe lrúc¡t nows fron the fronJ,llne¡ Mary Mayo o Susan Pines be not ã handicap but a source lVould I discuss my environmental Labor Party, publishEdin WIN. of simple of tho nonvlolent ¡ocld chãnge ñovo-nent. Totd rEugerr crll u¡ for lnfotm¡' Murray Rosenblith cooperative living that was a delight.- activities with lVestinghouse or tell the \{'e can pick a fight with her remart, don Subccrlbcn cdl u¡ to conplaln or prdco o¡ phce r book¡ rnd holp. IVIN ., _ANNDAVIDON US Army what demonstrations I have "until they (the US and the Soviet t shLt or brpk ls¡ue order. Per¡ond ftlond¡ cdl up to ¡hoot t'he brecze. Ihe been in? Yes, I would, and I think that Union) change to a system ofpro; UNINDICTED rlnclnc tolsphone l¡ r centrl evsnt lt WIN. CO.CONSPIRATORS that type ofopenness is one thing that duction...", etc., etc. No mention here fowã¿ thi en¿ of ths month tho phone rtrrtr rlnglng r lot nore. Only now lt'r Gandhian nonviolence is about. Ms. of any Struggle necessary to change any from the con¡any, tf,e eloctrlc eEPu¡ Conpugn¡lhlcr IBM, .ll . -,.) government -the¡reople ¡rhone l Puls criticizes the for its system of production, especially to people we owe noney, wrntlng ûo how when we're golng tò pty. So hr lanBarrv. LanceBelv¡lle o MarisCakari* o . secrecy, but seemi to relish it for those socialism. Her declbration is more like a we'io nrnaged to put thón ofi unüI we ctn lcrepe úoget'her tùe noneyr but lt Susan Cákars' Jerry Coffin' Lynne Shatzkin Coffin' ofLèftist persuasion. AnnDavidon . DianaDavles . RuthDear mathematical ptoposition. lVhat is left cets úo be r closer cdl even'rnontù. . Doherty. William Douthard' For the second'time, my husband, Dr. As her major she asked Ralph OlCiar Brian arguments, of any implicatioris that change may be - Your contrlbudonc wlll keãp our phone dnglng wlth good newc¡ the newr tùú Kaien Durbin' . Chuck Fager o Seth Foldy Poh Soo Kai, has been arbitrarily us readers to consider the following: o o LibbyHawk' brought about ¡iossibly thtough offiõial comes úo your door ovety woek ln-WIN of pcople worklng togetùer to bulld r J¡m Forêst Latry Gara ioan detained by the Internal Security Ne¡l Haworth Ed Hedemann ¡ Grace Hedemann 1) Dr. John Tukey, a consultant to fiat by the powers that are in the USSR yo-ur ! Department (ISD) of Singapore on bettsr world. Wthout hel¡l our phone¡ could rtop rlnglnS dúogothor. WIN Hendrik Hertzberg' o Marty Jezerl o Sgcly Johnson NAEP, has done reséarch for the Army if not in the US. o r illusory and fictitious gtounds. noede your suppoÉ now mo¡o th¡n evor. Nancy Johnson Þaul Johnson Alison Karpel and was on Nixon's Comrhission on More than that, theré is a minà Craig karpel . John Kyper . Elliot Linzêr: Theie is absolutelyio reasón for his Mac Low ¡ David McReynoldsf Federal Statistics. boggling theorem set forth, supposedly GGtIn On theFtfthI loor Jackion present detention. Singapore is tranquil of NAEP, was bavidMorris . MarkMorrisf r Jim Peck 2) Rov Forbes, Director Matxian, of direct cause and effèct . lgal Roodenko' Fred Rosert ãnd there is no threat to the so-called work for Tad Richards ' in sþacé and defense eight between "economic war and military WIN l¡ ¡eeldng a now ¡t¡fi pgrcon,to work prlmrrlly on dedgn rn{ lryout. We Nancv Rosen a EZ sanders o Wendy Schw¡rtzr securityofSingapore. In 1963, Dr. Poh yeafs. Martña Thomases . Art Waskow . Beverly Woodward war" since workinþ people in these . perdng-rp the of erdclec end Soo Kai was detained for opposing the - need ¡oneoneto work ln try,lng out and n¡ln hdy 3) Measurement Research Center, countries.do not "rãóeivè the value oi WIN Éd¡tor¡al Éoard Pèoples' Action (PÃÞ) unèqual full the covor of the nrgrdne. Dnwlng ¡bllll$ lJ nõt rbroluøly nococcrqr' but lt 'Member Party's who is to score the results, is a subsidi- oftheir product" in these production You terms of merger with Malaya. After the would be r blg help. Prlor ex¡rcrlonco ln puto-up rnd lryout lc necomrty. systems. Economic detetminism is not formation of Malaysia in 1963, the PAP ¡hould bo no smrger to ¡n sxacto hlfe. 503 Atlantic Ave. / 5th Fl. / Institute, which Marxism, although the SLP claims ex- percon lnto non' government was thrown out of Malaysia Wetre looHng fol a wlth r movomsnt brcþround who ls Brooklyn, NY 11217 clt¡sive expression for the latter. work rnd who ls wtlllng to in 1965. History has prove{ my vlolence, hrs thõ abillty-and wlilngnere to collocüiely Telephone : (212)624-8337, 624-8595 The Soviet Union moreover, is a state (¡nd pay. gay husband's stand to be correct. However work lonc hours for me¡ger ¡omeünes lneßEl¡r) Wonen, ¡rcople controlled economy, hardly equivalent pardcuhrly welcome.-Othoiedlø¿rt would be WIN is published every Thursday except for the first prison yearc ¡¡d non-ihlto ¡rcopte aro ¡Hll¡ two weeks in the last week in March, the first he was kept in for llVz to the corporate-based capitalist January, under the Internal Security Act. The *f#* week iñ June, the last two weeks in August, and the economy În the US; the laitter also *åt#* hJol¡dng the wIN ctrfi, rcnd r¡ r lettor úelllns us rbout first two weeks in September by W.l.N. Magazine lnc. British, Malayan and thePAP w¡th support War Res¡sters League. Sub- marked by an essentially unplanned o-i work youtve done. Ple¡so dontt forget úo the of the governments were jointly responsible vourielf lud onclo¡c ¡¡¡n-ple¡ rny scriptions.are $11.00. pei year. Second.class postage lowing: market system, largely monöpolized. we you. Plearc dontt . for the arrest and detention of my include your addrecc andphone number io c¡n cont¡ct paid at New York, NY 10001. lndividual wr¡ters are 1) Dr. Tukey is an eminent and good responsible for opinions expressed and accuracy of husband in 1963. phn ro üs!! undl 11e got ln øuch. Wrlte to WIN' slI¡ Atl¡¡dc Ave.-Sth Il., statistician. The facts about him that n"1oY"ffof{ NY U217 facts given. Sorry-manuscripts cannot be returned BrooklJnr unless accompanied by a self-addressed stamp€d en- Sunn, Munryr M¡ryr Ruth¡nn rnd Dw[ht velope, Printed ¡n USA 2 WIN Aug. 5, 1976

Aug. 5, 1976 WIN 3 Habitat Forum Seeks A Human Perspective ouslngo

\ "Adequate shelter and services are a basic A Canadian exhibition showed demonstrators speákers described "self-help" housing for the , human rlghti'proclaimed the UN. Howevei, protesting exþressways and asked poignant ques- DAVID GURIN squatters of the world and "approþriate tech-' capital is scarce for building houses for the poor, tions about the value of expanding the use of cars.- nology" that could be available to the poor, and or for providing them with infrastructure (a . But in a brief stopover in Toronto I found that the ' Under the banner oJ Habitat, two series of harmless to the environment. When Forum favorite word at the Conference) of water and' Spadina expressr,vay, which activists thought they meetings were held in Vancouver, British speakers detai led successf ul comm un ity organ i- sewer lines, transport, and electr:icity. Capital is had defeated after years of battle, is suddenly Columbia, in J une. One was the official United zations or new building methods, audiences.with more readily available for luxury apartments, alive with construction crews pushing their way Nations Conference on Human Settlements that similar experiences oñ several continents added high-ri"se offices for multi-nationals, and imported downtown. And, in another part of Toronto, the considered proposals which if mãde specific, and ideas and encouragement. cars for the tiny middle classes of the under- Metropolitan governmènt is threatening with , -, if implemented with lots of money could affect the The documents prepared forthe official con- developed countries. mass eviction an island community that manages way people live in cities and villages around the ference were well-reseárched and their proposals ln the Third World 150 cities have more than p ' to get along quite well with ferries and no auto- world. However, with the Arab=lsraeli conflict well-intentioned, but they lacked the specifics of million population. :A Nigerian delegate recounted mqbiles. Canada, it seems, sponsored the Habitat lgcerating the UN the specifics and the dollari time and money needed. They didn't set,.say, for the Conference the efforts to keep up with the Conference while planning the destructioñ of fÍom the rich countries are not likely to be avail- 199O as a goal for providing everyone clean water, rapid growth of Lagos, now a city of more than 2.5 sq¡e of its own best habitats. able soon. Thus, the more realistic approach of the now unavailable to 4Ùo/o ol the world. Nor,did they - million people. Mongolia's Minister of the lnterior Vancouver itself is a sa

Aug. 5, 1976 WtN 5 I

settlements human taught very well indeed. John explained how to use local materials, local tech- Turner had one of the largest followings at the nology,. and local labor for "no cost housing.,, He DON LUCE Forum. A British architect who has wõ*eO-in Uotn showed.slides of Egyptian peasant homes, the barriadas of Lima and the slums of London, graceful and durable with vaulted mudbrick roofs. Turner is a strenuous advocate of self-help in Jack Mundey, a42year old Australian building More than three years after the Ameriean POWs housing. He calls the huge blocks of govern- trade union leader, particularly excited the were released and more than a year after the end ment-built apartments in the Third World as weil forqT.' He is theorganizerof the,,green bans,,, of the Vietnam war, Nguyen Khac Nga and Tran as in the industrialized West "architecturally in which workers refuse to build, mi-ne, or Vietnamese Huu Kiet remain Prisoners-of-War in Thailand. hideous, socially alienating, and technically ín- man uf acture social ly unconscionable products. The charge: Blowing up US warplanes that were competlent." ln Lima, Mexico.City, or even in the Mundey is a powerf ul advocate ái ihe'¡dãa that bombing Vietnam. spaces between Caracas' superbloques, the rude worker concern with the ecological effects of their Nga told Praiachat Magazine (June 17 ,1976) put (often shelters u.p illegatly) by the urban poor labqr isas important as wageia4d hours. POW'S that he was captured by US soldiers and turned better serve their needs than the big projects. The first green ban was up against the over to Thai authorities. Both men were sappers They . flut cost less, form bettér iorrnrnii¡"ilàr" ro.u development of high rises in feilyt Bush, a patch o who blew up US planes at Ubol and Udorn air easily expanded to meet family needs, and are of woods near Sydney Harbor. bases ln Northeast Thailand. jobs. Múndev toíd the c.loser to After so much talk of self-help at audience how the unions informed the'developers ln Article 12 of the Cqneva Convention Relative to ' Forum, the delegates at the Conference began to and potential scabs that ',if one tree is destroyed the Treatment of Prisoners of War makes it clear talk of the "informal sector" of housing prõduc- in Kelly's Bush, the unfinished buildinÉ woulã that the United States has a direct responsibility tion in their countries. remain forever a monurirent to Kelly,s Éush.,, for these men. Turning prisoners over to another Appropriate technology advocates Creen bans prevented construction of express- Tha¡laiid government does not relieve the US of its demonstrated how self-housed colonies could live ways that.would have destroyed 25,000 woiking responsibility. lf the retaining power (in this case, comfortably with solar, wind, and geothermal and middle class homes. Anó there is a ban onihe Thailand) does not fulf ill its responsibility, then energy-water cleansed in solar stills and wastes mining-, handling, and exporting of uranium in . "the Power by whom the prisoners of war were recycled through power the earth. Nuclear was Australia. When a workei was fired for refusing transferred shall . . . take effective mêasures to generally to viewed at the Forum as highly inap- trandle equipment to be used in uranium minin! a correct the situation or shall request the return of propriate, and maybe a threat to the very massíve strike was called. the prisoners ol war." existence of human settlements. Forum' Mundey is out to destroy the myth.that The two,men are now held in Bangkhen Prison participants.marched concern downtown and lobbied dele- with the environment is anti-laboi. fn¡s is true, he near Bangkok, part of a prison system into which gates for a moratorium on the construction of feels, only. if labor is making things that really ' the US has put $120 million since 1954. Most of nuclear power plants. But The allowance for rice, meat and vegetables at Bangkhen isZ5l. per only the tiny delegation shouldn't be made. The point waõ applauded'by day. Photos courtesy of CALC. the prisoners at Bangkhen, according to from Papua-New Cuinea supported th'em. AndyPollak, a United Auto Workeri organize.r' Prajachat, suffer from sickness and malnutrition. The Forum itself was a monumdnt to self-help. from Detroit. He said that autoworkers ñad nó There is not a single doctor for the two.hundred The builders used driftwood and beachcombed' vested interest ín making private cars. They could prisoners. logs milled.at Forum's the own sawmill. ih¿t- as well make bicycles, trolleys, buses, and irains. The following are connected accounts the full translations four old airplane hangars with woóden Moreover, the "dirty dozen" congressmen named of Kiet's and Nga's interviews in Prajachat.The arcades designed in Canadian lnd¡an motif . þV the US group Environmental Action as having translator wishes to remain anonymous because of Enormous bright colored a banners and wooden bad environmental voting records, also have bai' fear of expulsion from the US. Since the Thai sculpture adorned plaza the created by the ar- labor voting records. language is written in script, the Vietnamese cades. lt was a livelier urban space than any in Mundey was once president of the Communist ' names may be mis-spelled Vancouver. Party of Australia,_which he led in condeming the prisoner-of- lnside the hangars, auditoriums were created to Soviet invasion of Checkoslovakia. Like Alexãnder Mr. Tran Huu Kiet: A Vietnamese .war, charged with bombing planes accomodate masses of people on platforms piled Dubcek, he.is for "socialism with a human face,,' the US at Ubol Airbase. Age 30. up to second story windows. The structure állowed but also with an ecological heart. The State De- people "The purpose of our operation to sit or stretch out at various angles, stag- partment denies him the right to enter the US, but was to avoid gered, or in groups. killing and only to destroy the planes. The rèason They discussed citiãen he elated the Forum, and even an official of th'e US participation planning. is that the Ameriqan planes from Thailand in city They heard an ls- delegation visiting from downtown. I took the op- went raeli land expert praise a Syrian taxation system portunity to ask the official whether the Federai into Viet Nam, Cambodia, and Laos to drop that discouraged speculation (ignored bv the government would ultimately come to New york bombs. People have been killed by millions. ,,we media in the general emphasis on Mideast bitter- City's aid. "Of course," he saiö, canrt afford Therefore, we had to destroy the planes and as ness). An Egyptian architect, Hassan Fathy, to waste all that infrastructure." many as we could. " l was born in Hanoi in May 1945. My parents are workers. They are still alive. We have ten children in the family-f ive sons and five 1.' Drawing from the Community Market Catalog. daughters. I am the fourth. l volunteered foi military service in Cambodia When I was 16 years old. Afterwards, I was sent back to Hãnoi, and then to South Viet Nam. At that time I was selected to serve in a sapper detachment. I was sent together with friends to be trained in sabotage and bombing the planes iqthe southern part oflaos. There were ten of us. When the time for the operation came near, we were selectdd again. Our operating number was reduced to four Don Luceis executive director of Clergy and Laity Concerned.

.Aug. 5, 1976 WIN Z Nonv¡olence in G¡braltar

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The dining hall at Bangkhen research-action project, and starting a popular persons including myself . When we finished our be an exchange prisoners-of-war. library w¡th books in Spanish qn nonviolence and .will of Then I CRAIG SIMPSON training and began our operation, we started out will be able to return home." pacifism in Gibraltar itself . on foot from Laos on September 23,1g72. On December 5, 1975, Cohzalo Arias chained Nguyen Khac Nga: A Vietnamese prisoner-of- "We arrived at Ubol on the first of October,and Mr. Gibraltar is a small British colony (the only one in himself to the metal fence between the two bor- war charged planes staited the operation. I rememberthat ifired a0 with bombihg US at. Udctrn Europe), situated south of Spain at the entrance of ders with a letter addressed to the Spanish King Airbase. Age 31, single. rounds of 82 Mortar shells. t do not know exactly the Mediterranean Sea. lt is 4.5 km long and 2 Carlos (following). His dernonstration lasted only how.manyplanes I destroyed. After the operatión, "l am a Vietnamese by birth. I was born in Ha km wide. England conquered the tiny cóuntry in five minutes untll the British authoriiies broke tlie we fled. Rftei t¡ days, we were f ive kilonieters Tinh, North Viet Nam, in 1945. My par'ents are 17O4 and has remained in control ever since. chains and expelled him to Tangier, Morocco, the peasants. from the border. We found a house. Two of us I belonged to the sapper detachment. I Britain maintains an economic interest, because of closest city to Cibraltar. He was allowed to return went in and two of us stayed outside. lt happened became a soldier when I was 1'Byears old, and was tourism, export trade, and naval channels, and a to Gibraltar where he held a five day fast in front that soldiers were following ând they founä'us. sent to the front in Cambodia. When I was 19 military presence of 4,500 troops, Cibraltar being ' of a hotel. Our friends outside could nbt run away-so they years old, I returned to Hanoi. Thereafter, I was a major NATO base. exchanged f ire. I was the only one whó got selected into the sapper detachment which was a Cibraltar, however, is divided in two, part wounded. The others got detachment for sabotage. After away. I was captured on the training, t was owned by Britain, called'Rocher, and the other, LETTERTO IUAN CARTOS October 14,1972 and sent to á prison foi political selected to come to the Plain of J ars for f urther Camp Gibraltar, owned by Spain. Since 1969, the , ' \ prisoners.in Ubol. I was confined there for 50 training. There were 16 of us. We came for the Spanish Covernment has closed its borders'úvith Gibraltar, December 5, 197 5 days. Then I was sent to the White prison in exclusively special trainjng tg sabotage and,boryrb the small colony. No telephone or transportation Sir, Udorn on December 5. That year I met thís friend the þlanes at the US Airbase in Udorñ. between the two zones is permitted. Right¡sts ¡n here [Nguyen Khac Nga]. Both of us were "When it was time for the operation, our Spain are advocating entering Cibraltar with I am breaking a fast of 10 days today, chained confined there for 18 months. Then we were sent number was reduced to 5 persons. I was one of troops and taking control, and slogans appear all ' voluntarily to the door of the fence separating to a prison in Bangkhen around December 25, those selected. Then all five of us started off on over Spain encouraging war with Cibraltar. Cibraltar from Linea, Spain. the journey : 1974. from the Plain of J ars, lO dãyr U"for" Despite the fact that Cibraltar is a military This gesture is not directed at any one person. lt "Neither of us knew each other before. the appointed day of October 1,1972. Wô came by dictatorship and a colony of Britain, there seems is an act of penance with the obiective of although we were in the same kind of speciat foot. Along the way, we met Laotian soldiers here quite a condusive atmosphere for nonviolent preparing the path towards reconciliation. lt is an, ": units. But then each of us minded our own and there. We were on the same side. The five of direct action. Several years ago, conscription was äa bf ferient desire to announce the beginning of busine-ss. Our operations were at different places. us arrived at Udorn on the tst at nigñtfaii. law and many of the residents were drafted into a new epoch in a corner of the Peninsula. Both of us were in the army. lt was our lmmediately, we went to work. Onîhe 2nd, we the military. Howêver, when two young men It is an invitation: detachment that was the real sapper. But since went into the airbase and set the bombs. Aîter the refused entry into the military and were sentenced to replace discord w¡th fraternity the Paris Accord, the detachmeñt has been explosion,. we fled. American soldiers caught up to a combined five days, the governmen?almost to replace obscurity with light abolished. The war has ended. The rumors with us. There was an exchange of fire. Alrienä of immediately passed a law allowing conscientious for lies, to put truth afterward that the sappers have cor¡1e in as far as mine was shot and killed. l, myself , was wounded objection and eventually ended conscription. for offense, to offer pardon Bangkok are all fantastic lies. by eight bullets, passed out and was And it is nqt true taken to the Conzalo Arias, one of Spain's best known for hatred, to offer love , r that there were female sappers. We never used Udorn Airbase by the American soldiers for pacifist writers and activists, has been watching It is a call for hope. rVomen äs sappers. You can be sure that these are medical treatment. Even though I was not well and researching the subject of Cibraltar for many Moved by a fervent desire to work for the es- prison tantast¡c rumors. recovered, I was soon sent to the White years,. He believes that this tiny country has a high tablishment of peace, I dare to submit to your "Since I have been here this prison never which is a prison for political prisoners operated potent¡al to become the first truly nonviolent majesty and to your government the three opened its gate until last week. I am still wearing by the CIA in Udorn Airbase. There, the state, and is concerned that the reconclliation following points, which might serve as a basis for the same clothes policemen beat me up and tried to make me from Ubol. The other two sets of talk. between Spain and the colony come soon, before . a new vision of the conflict over Gibraltar: clothes given It was in this prison that I met a Vietnamese . were by my fellow Thai and Chinese friend war breaks. He has already been involved in 1) Participation of the pçople-The people of inmates. named Tran Huu Kiet. He was also arrested. I hope that as soon as Thailand and several projects in this cause, including gathering the Rock of Cibraltar and the plain of Cibialtar are Vietnam * Finally I was sent here to Bangkhen. I have restore diplomatic relationsh ip, theie been an international group of student volunteers in a the first to be interested in thå search for formulas. imprisoned since 1972.1 think it was on October 3 announced of coexistence, They must participate in the dia- ['Vietnam on J uly 12 that it would receive a Thai delegation I was during August that arrested.'l still remember that when the , to discuss normalization of relations with that country. Craig Simpson, formerly on theWRt staÍf , is now logue through negotiation by their authentic Diplomat¡c ties have already been established.with the philipines in'Viet policemen were beating me up, they told me thàt i Nam's policy of improving working in a factory and doing labor organizing representatives. lt is not a matter of denying the relations with its Southeast Asiari neighbors.l had destroyed 12 plane!," -an f rom a nonv iol ent aiçh i st perspective. prerogatives of the states, or of ignoring the fact I WIN Aug. 5, 1976 I È= Aug. 5, 1976 ¿ WIN 9 :-! l-i tii it ìr that no agreement is possible wíthout the consent ir of the governments of Madrid and London. lt is a matter,simply of .recognition that the time is past wien tf¡e seats of government can decide the fate PEACE STUDIES QUESTIONATRE ot peoples by ignoring them. perhaps a and graduate student at Syracuse ..2) Suspensìon of allpolitical negotiations untila ln the summ er of 1973, inspired by visit researcher climate of reconciliatión is reestaõ/ished_l home to California, where all kinds of seemingly University, has undertaken to implement one of ñ;;;- question- always asked m.yself, Candhi used to say, how'- äisparatè beings f lourish and even work together, these suggestions. She has devised a men can feel self respect while humitiatíñg their I wrote an article entitled "Peace Research and naire directed at activists to find out what ques- (that you) brothers. lt is not by'inflicting rãsir¡itioÀ ãn¿ Peace Action" (WlN, 2/28/74). As one of a fairly tions, problems, topics, etc., they is, vexations on the inhabitants õf Gibraltar that we small number of people who was doing both, I was think most need researching. The aim is to estab. will make Spain greater. disturbed by the lack of aèquaintance and the lack lish a file of these questions (to be housed for the at Syracuse University) to assist re- .. I beseech-the government of your majesty to of collaboration between researchers and time being direct its efforts towards r"ertu6l¡shrnÀñt of activists. Cood research, it seemed to me, searchers in deciding what their research project forward looking and more normal .àtatlons be- required some contact with serious activists and pr¡orities should be. This is being spon- tween just good by the Consortium on Peace Research, Edu- The Rock and Campo de Cibraltar, as with theír needs and concerns, as action re- sored the rest of Spain, beginning *ith l¡fti;;*¡ltouï quired the theoretical and empirical insights and cation and Development (COPRED) (see WlN, delay the most damaging restrictions and those data that research can provide.-Out of that article 11 /6/75), which will encourage the use of the file, most.lacking in economiõ value (those relating to came the lnternational Conference of Peace by researchers and may in specific cases help ac- telephone communication and familial visits, Researchers and PeaceActivists (ICOPRAPA) tivists or activist gtoups find a researcher(s) gtc.). lt is only when Spain held July 1-6,1975, in Noordwijkerhout, The ' willing to work on a particular topic. recovers the lost 'the . be a successful experiment, how- friend5hip of the inhabitants of Cibraltar that she'- Netherlands, under the spon5orship of A.J For this to will be able to negot¡ate the political problàms Muste Memoiial lnstitute. At this week-long everf we need your assistance. Do not think you wrthout compromising the dignity of the two event, workshops were held on such themes as the must send in elaborate academic proposals. parties. application of research on nonviolence, rural' Simple questions or the germ of an idea will be revitalization, and liberation movements: violent appreciated as well as more complex suggestions. 3).Proclamation of demilitarization, at /east as nonviolent. ln each of these workshops the So give the questionnaire some thought, do a little an obiective-The problem of Cibraltar and is not iso- participants how activists and brainstorming with your friends, and let us hear lated. lts resolution should not interfere explored with the work better together with from you! Your responses should be sent to: resolution of a more serious problem which researchers could looms respect to the theme of the workshop. Maire A. Dugan, Program in Nonviolent Conflict in the world tgd."Ìr, in which C¡braltar is nothin!'- ICOPRAPA went well and from the workshops and Change, 249 Physics Building, Syracuse but a simple link in the chain. I am speaking ofihe New York 13210. escalation of world armaments. h.ave come numerous useful suggestions for future University, Syracuse, and cooperation. Maire Dugan, a peace I don't think l'm lacking in realism in saying work -Beverly Woodward that by its particuIar geograph ic situatiol, îhe- ri Rock of Cibraltar pre-entl the characteristics NAME: ,T which cbuld facilitate its demilitarization under guarantee of international community, on thiion- ADDRESS Specific details (lnformation on people, times, dit¡on that Spain show genuine interest tówaids places, etc. involved): this end. lt is apparent thãt one of the main condi_ tions would be the parallel demilitarization of alÍ the Campo de Cibraltar. Peace Action Organization belonged to: . Perhaps ¡t ¡s. too earlyto þroclaim it as objec_ tive. lt should be quite clear that which Sóain con_ siders a humiliation and a permanent aggression, is not any way.conducive to the develop-rì-ent of democratic self government on the Roèk of Purposes ol listed organizations: Cibraltar but the presence on this territory of a forergn army. Reason you are interested in the question:- To Ty most respectful greetings, I add my sin- cere wtshes and my prayers that your majesty succeed-in furthering in his realm the dynamic peace ot the just. SICNED Conzalo Arias you.would (translated from Combat Nonviolent, !anuary 22, Question I ike researched 1976by Dorie Bunting, Spanish Noniíolent I ypoo.t Com m.ittee,_5Ozi C uadal upe f rãl i, NW, Possib/e use to which you think research on your Albuquerque, NM 57104) question may be put ¡n attempt to achieve peace, socialfustice, etc.:

Background information (History of the problem,

! previous findings, if known, etc.): :Nñ iÊ I P/ease use additional paper to pose further ques- ! Circular design by Dorothy Smith Sides tions, providing all inÍor:mation asked Íor on ques- ! 10 WIN Aue. 5, 1976 tionnaire. ;- Pose your questions in any way you deem fitting. -..1 Aug. 5, 1976 WIN 11 !¿ -t tF i

is shooting dead chickens at supersonic speeds I aeainst mãdel windshields. Robert Wittman, head oíthe windshield office at the Air Force Flighf r Dvnamics Laboratorv has described what happens *hen a bird hits a windshield at such speeds: " . -. there is a hydraulic action, in which the bird effectively liquifies, flowing along the angled windshield. "' Apparently, this particular exp.eri- I ment has not beeh aesthetically pleasing and substitutes have been sought forthe dead chickens. Hamburger and packets of gelatin but the proper seemed. somehow more elegant,t'bird mathematical models for a impact" could not b" found. So use of the bird itself had to be reinstituted As if this oarticular test were not gruesome enough, anóther more elaborate test has been devisãd which will test not only the ability of a windshield to stand such shocks, but the struc- tural soundness of the whole framework into which the windshield is set. Out in New Mexico, oà Holloman Air Force base, an entire F-1'1:l cock- å.. oit enclosure has been mounted on a rocket driven ãiÈJ óñ ltiu.k. tt travels at speeds up to Mach 1r'2 Picking and in its path is what Aviation Week and Space Technoloþy has described as "an anesthetized the MilitarY's bird. with óutstretched wings, suspended from a strins." The results "veiified" those of the ex- Bird Brain perirñents conducted at the Arnold Engineering 4f. Center. It cannot be said, however, that these men are ' not thorough or.without imagination. The Air gl Fot.e receñtly comm i ssioned McDon nel I Dou as bird strikes " to do a whole study on how to avoid enti rely. Proposed' sol ution s r-an ge{ f rom th e somewhat obvious use of strobe lights to frighten tï- off the birds, to higher technology solutions such t as laser beams or microwave energy, to the ominous sounding "extendable shredder'l which would be positionãd ahead of the windshield to take the bird impact The problem of bird strikes is apparently so acutethat an entire 17 nation international con- ference on the topic was held in London last May' of The Russians, headed by a V'E. J acoby the , ' , USSR Ministiy of Civil Aviation, have conducted extensive stuciies of their own in this f ield. Birds which have never seen aircraft before at close a range are thè culprits, Mr' J acoby concluded. tho-s" with expeiience with airplanes avoid them, atthough exactly how Mr. J acoby distinguished b¡rds with experience from those without was not exolained. Ai to possible solutions, Mr. J acoby reöorts that the best method of eliminating the Cartoon by Peg Ayerill b¡ids ¡s to create "an airport situation" which is for birds in all $90 million dream machines. Odd as it may sound, The B-1 has an enormous windshield. lt is twice "ecologically unattractive and capturing are totally STEVEN TYDENBERG these super aircraft, designed to penetrate heavily tfre i¡ie of the F-111's and even larger than the asoects-.'j as'shooting Soviets also are looking into defended Russian territories, can be brought one on the Boeing 747, and the Air Force has been inäffective. The One of the more bizarre sidelights in the Air birds away with laser beams. ln the down by a four pound bird. ln fact, birds have to very strict in the iestinSleO{r-e.mentsthat this scarins the Force's search for the "ideal bomber," presently while this technology is being date been credited with downing no less than five winäshield must meet. The B-1'swindshield must meaniime, looming on the horizon in the form of the B-1, in- Swedes will be using. mock F-111s, which worries the Air Force particularly as be ab¡e to withstand the impact of a fou¡ pound developed', the volves four pourtd dead chickens being shot without "spallingl' (a machine sun nests to do the job, including loud- the F-111 fighter bomber is made for a mission , ' Uir¿ tr¡tt¡ns at Mach 0.85 through the air at approximately 650 miles per will broadcast machinegun noises. quite similar to that of the B-1: low-level flight (to ãechn¡ial tãrm for chipping or splintering). ln soeakers-which hour. "Bird strikes" (a low flying aircraft strikihg to Sweden this summer, don't avoid enemy radar, but also where the birds are) order to verifv that windshields presently being S'ã if vou"" flying a bird) are of great concern to the builders of these Your best interests are really being at close to supersonic speed. The problem is not ãesicned bv Éockwell lnternational and built by be alármed. all requirements, the Air Ëpii; mind. lts iust þeople keeping the world fteven Lydgnberq is on the statf of the Council on how to avoid the birds, but how to make sure they Sr""ã¡o*n lnc. meet Economic Priorities. don't crack your windshield when you do hit them. forc" s ninôru Engineering Development Center safe for peoPle. Aug 5' 1976 WIN 13 .- 12Wril Aus,.'S;1s76( clear chain of command, and this makes them in- indef initely. The free schools with which I was as- scratch. Further, if radicals don't want to be iso- eff icient and easily destroyed by the establish- sociated saw limited size as essential for meeting lated from the masses, they will have to deal with ment. their goals; expansion beyond the maximum size them where they are. Contrary to this reasoning effective organiza- was planned by splitting off new subunits. Many Political struggle, inside and outside of parlia- tion and leadership can be present without hier- food co-ops, likewise, have a membership ceiling. mentary institutions, is necessary if we are to archy. Organizations can be run without the There is no right answer on size, lt is difficult transform the society. But why look at this as an hierarchical distinction between "boss" and to maintain any intimate we-group feeling in a either-or proposition? We need both models, "workers." Task performance may require group of over 100 members, and co-ops that value revolutionary "islands" and a continuing struggle coordination, but that function need noÈbe in the participation highly might be wise to limit within existing mainstream institutions. A free hands of any one person, or if it is, that person membership to 500 households. Better 10 smaller school may be a,"Band-aid" approach, but at does not have to be the "boss." Collective organi- co-op stores with volunteer help, a small low-paid least it fulfills the immediate needs of some zations have leaders and decision making struc- staff, and weekly gross sales of $1Q,000 than one children and adults for better education. A food Alternative tures. What they do not ñave is division between giant supermarket with a high-paid manager, co-op federation may have only a tiny fraction of management that decides, and workers who carry little membership control, and $100,000 worth of the business going to A&P, but that fraction pro- out those decisions. business. Like the giant corporate supermarkets, vides better and cheaper food to some consumers, lnstitutions: lsraeli industries run by their workers are as ef- larger co-op stores do not necessarily offer lower jobs for others, and direct support for a few small ficient as those run by capitalist managers. ln thip Prices' farmers. While we are working for that distant country, free schools, law collectives, food co-ops, ****o*' revolution, let us not lose sight of our needs in the left wing magazines and newspapers; and other present. lf we can fulfill some of our wants in a the Road to organizations have flourished under collective While alternatives are faulted for the problems human way, that is a small victory. Dollars spent management and decision-making. Workers' accompanying growth they are also criticized as in the A&P support agribusiness, and the chain's self-management has been proved successful in being too small to deal adequately with our mas- prof its go back to a few rich stockholders. Dollars Social Change? the American plywood industry as well as in other sive social problems, and unable to compete with spent in a food-co-op help suþport small farmers enterprises in this country and abroad. mainstream institutions. They help selected and provide a few jobs for f riends and neighbors. Social differentiation may be a universal fact of minorities, and broadscale restructuring of the Co-op "surplus," or "profit" can be invested in life, but differentiation of function does not neces- existing institutional order means solutions must community projects, by community decision. sarily have to be accompanied by social stratifica- be found to help the majority of the people. Alternative models do not necessarily change tion (differential rewards and prestige). That such Further, existing giants provide difficult competi- the social reality of a capitalist society dominated stratification exists is a reflection of the power in. tion for small capitalist enterprises, let alone by the large corporations that use their economic equalities in existing societies. lt does not prove f ledgl ing alternatives. power to inf luence the polity as well. But the that an alternative, egalitarian society is Small size, however, need not keep alternatives alternatives are a beginning, because it is through impossible. from being efficient or competing with existing the power of economic institutions that many are **** organizations. Small free schools can use their kept from speaking out or working for change. resources much more fully and effectively than Those who work in alternatives where they do not drive of alternative organi- need to fear being fired for their opinions may ç. Critics argue that the mammoth public school systems. Small food be- ,Ð zations to survive, increase sales, and find money co-ops can buy some of their supplies directly come more active in wider political struggles. Not 'to pay for wages pushes them inevitably to¡be- from local farmers. There is a certain minimum only do alternatives provide goods, services and come ineffective or merely "hip" capitalists. lt size below which business organizations are less jobs, but they also help delegitimize existing has been suggested that the largest food co-ops efficient, but beyond that minimum, large size institutions. are similar to supermarkets from their does not necessarily lead to grçater eff iciency. Building alternatives does not need to detract FRANK L¡NDENFELD bureaucratic management, insulated from The prof its made by giant corporations do not from the struggle for change through the electoral consumer control, down to the Cap'n Crunch and necessarily stem from any greater efficiency, but process and through an extra-parliamentary op- Alternative institutions such as free schools, food Coca Cola that line their broad store aisles. lf al- rather from their greater market and financial position. Nor does it necessarily detract from the co-ops, and workers' collectives can be a positive ternative organizations stay small, they risk going power, which enables them for example, to "ad- struggle for better working conditions for those and signif icant force for social change in advanced out of business. Yet as they grow larger, they tend minister" prices. working in the business and government capitalist societies such as the United States. to drop both radical ideals and democratic control. .***** bureaucracies, and for workers' control within However, many critics on the political left believe The dilemma of alternative organizations is them. alternatives are not a revolutionary force, cannot real. New and small ones risk folding, while es- The building of alternatives is criticized as de- ln themselves, alternatives are not necessarily lead to significant changes in the "system," or tablished large ones tend to becomê like all other tracting from the political struggle for change and revolutionary at all; this can be seen from the his- are undesirable for other reasons. Their criticisms "mainstream" institutions. lt is possible to steer a isolating its participants. Because the giant tory of A.S. Neill's Summerhill school in England, fall into foçrr main arguments, all of which are middle course, to create alternatives that remain capitalist enterprises control our major reSources, or the established food co-ops such as the persuasive but all of which have signif icant short- relatively small and democratically controlled, yet it is within the large corporations and other "es- Berkeley or Greenbelt organizations in this i comings. effective. One mechanism through which this can tablishment" institutions that the struggle should country. But if alternatives help spread revolu- å ***** be done is federation. That is, small units can join be waged. Retreating to splendid utopian islands, tionary ideology (without falling into the trap of together to create a larger organization, to which even islands linked into alternative "networks" sectarianism), and if they help build organizations A It is argued that both hierarchy and leadership are they send elected delegates. This is the way in will not change the social order. (lf alternatives comm itted to rad ical social -pol itical -econom ic I vital if an organization is to be effective. Critics which some small food co-ops have begun to deal grow large enough to threaten that order, they will change, they can further such change in our claim that the movement for social change has to with the problem of obtaining increased wholesale be crushed by those in control of the police and society. Not instead of other efforts at changing "f ight f ire with fire," adopting the same structure buying power without losing the benef its of a military establishment.) We may not like A&P, mainstream institutions, but in addition to them. as the institutions it opposes. Manr¡ alternatives small local retail organization. Ceneral Motors, Exxon, or Tenneco but most The problem for alternatives is how best to rein- ,l don't work because they lack organization and a An idea accepted by many alternative organiza- Americans work for organizations like these and force within themselves a socialist ideology, to t tions is that growth of an organization is good only buy their products. Since these corporations politicize, and to build up communities of opposi- F Frank Lindenfeld teaches in the department I of a point. The lsraeli kibbutz move- control the greater share of existing production tion. Solutions and means cannotbe a up to certain found in the -1 Soc i o I o gy / A nth r opo I o gy at C h ey n ey State Co//ege ¡ ment grew partly through setting up new "core" facilities, it makes more sense to challenge them abstract, but must be debated and resolved within 'i in Pennsylvania. organizations instead of expanding each kibbutz directly than to build new alternatives from each of the alternatives at the grassroots level. :l 14WlN Aug.5, 1976 Aug.5, 1976 WtN t5 )¡ -.,1 , n

it concert and óne of them explained the EVENTS MILWAUKEE = Benef the strikers had in the for the Continental Walk, August support BROOKTYN Memorial service in this - 1,8 pm, Century Hall, 2400 N. smallcommunity. "People for the victims of Hiroshima and town know that what Copeland Farwel l, featùring Feather. Nagasaki; August 6,7:3O Pm at . pays,.the other shops pay. They ' the Cadman Plaza War Memorial NYC-Hiro3hima Day rallY at the also know that if Copeland gets Park. Sponsored bY BrooklYn Riverside Research lnstitute, a" away with treating us this way, all FOR. nuclqa'i war think-tank, 12 pm, the shops will get away with it." August 6, St. & West End BOSTON Hiroshima DaY vigil trth Copeland is the largest - Ave. Spônsored bySESPA: For employer in Sidney, hiring 2400 from12-2 pm at City Hall Plaza, i nformation', call 865-47 66. lr':nÀ people to make refrigerator com- August 6; followed by a Citizen's pressors. Located about 25 miles Forum on Disarmament and NYC-Benefit for the Continental from Dayton, the comPany has a Social J ustice with Daniel Ells- Walk featuring Ossie Davis, Rev. high turnover rate and lower berg, Saundra Craham, Charlie Fredribk Dou glass KirkPatrick, wãges than other comPanies of King and guerilla theatre, 7:30 Grace Paley, Bev Crant and the pm the same size in the area. at Faneuil Hall. Human Condition, Charlie King charges against J uly 16, and beforethe night was SOUTHERN WATKERS AR. 'ti;;:motion to dismiss BOSTON Kick off ratly for the at the Village oau¡ã nrlsàll óver some 2000 strikers and s.up- Fifteen hundred union ffl€trç 1 - and Matt Jones RESTED IN BIRMINGHAM üSÂii;ñy Boston-to-Wash i n gton Wal k for Bleeker & ThomPson Sts', nä; ftã-¡i;;iat ¡nl ãnottr". porters were battling with police. bers marched through downtowñ Cate, *"; court Disarmament and Social J ustice, Aueust 9. I pm; $6 contribution. 16 Walkers of the Southern Ëäi[iñ¿ ãu1",,-iö'i"-"lf he can over 70 peopte were arrested. Sidney and surrounded the Walk Copeland house Monday, J uly 19th, to August 7, 1O am, Faneuil Hall. For"informaiion and tickets, call Branch of the Continental r"O".ui J uãge Fred The striki against ñ;äi;. protest the arrests. we have 677-5455. for Peace and Social J ustice were s ides an Man ufactu r¡ ne Co.,besan on J u lv "All CHICAGO- Demonstrations on ööffiy'r.ãJË¡"äi-u":th one IUE arrested in Birmingham, Alabama 11 withrnembersofthe lnter- are numbers," said the annivêrsaries of the nuclear RALEIGH, NC-March for ãJJ¡i¡""iíf¡uãð"vrtofile member at the union hall. "We and at12:35 pm J ulY 27th' TheY are. 1 bombings of Hiroshima Human R¡âhts and Labor Rights, a road- ."ìiöñ; -NewsDesk don't have police on our side, we 6 & 9, at the charged with "walking in . ffi:',""¿îLt¿,ij"dì¡1,5jig";'" Nagasaki,,August Septembei6. Sponsoréd bY the to obeY a lawful don't'have courts on our side, iust Federal Plaza,12 pm b

eanada from May 27 to June 11, long-term use of morphine to treat deteriorated badly and he should was supported by the United a painful head wound.ln1972he be removed from the control unit. Prisoners Rights Movement was arrested without a warrant For more information write: displaying an exact replica of the during,a dragnet meant to catch Friends and Families of Oregon Solitary Confinement Unit of bank robbers in MSrshalville, State Prisoners, PO Box 5565, Canadian prisons. The grey- Ceorgia. Afte¡' a trial which lasted Eugene, Oregon 97405. painted cell, a recycled Tiger a day and a half, McGhee was The Parole Commission and Re- Cage, was placed standing on end convícted of "conspiracy and organization Act, a newly eiracted grill aiding and abetting four other in- so the of bars faced the federal law, liberalizes federal viewers. lt was furnished with the dividuals in an armed bank rob- parole procedures, permits usual filthy mattress, bucket for bery kidnapping," and ieceived a prisoners access to their f iles, human waste, and a constantly sentence of imprisonment for his provides for the right to an burning light bulb. A red and yel- natural life plus five years. His attdrney during a parole revoca- low banner reminded onlookers trial was a travesty which tion hearing, and provides due were in THE obviously denied him several that they CANADA: process protection to individuals HOME OF CRUEL AND basic constitutional rights, and he ,f facing possible parole revocation, :\ UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT. is now to reopen the case trying This important law has had vir- Clippings and blow-up photos of and get the support he needs. To tually no mention in the news actual solitary confinement cells contribute or obtain more infor- media but the conservative paper, the walls.. Approxi- write: The Eldson McGhee decorated mation Human Events (quoting the mately a thousand people signed Defense Fund, c/o Post Office 'lndianapolis Star) published a full petitions calling for the abolition 8ox7751, Station C, Atlanta, account in the uly 10 issue. Of of solitary confinement units in Ceorgia 30357. J all course, they deplored passage of prisons and detention centers Salvador Agron, a prisoner in such legislation and predicted it throughout Canada. Creenhaven Correctional Facility would release as many as 9,000 in Stormville, New York, has been prisoners and remo.ve 3,000 more in prison since 1959,-when he was Four prisoners in need of special from parole supervision. We can support at this time are Leonard 16 years old, because of a New prediction only hope their has , York gang fight in which two that Peltier, Eldson McChee, Salvador substance, though experi- youths lost their lives, Agron some Agron and Stephen Kessler. ence teaches otherwise. Leonard Peltier is a 31 year-old entered prison illiterate, and now, Sioux lndian from Cr'and Forks, at 33 years of age,' he has a high The recently concluded session of North Dakota, a social worker ivho school equivalency and a regents' the US Supreme Court produced a was never convicted of any crime. diploma and has earned 30 credits series of backward-looking deci- As a result of an FBI instilated in a special program of the sions which seriously eroded the \ shoot-out last une on the Pine Duchess County Community Col- constitutional rights of pris9ners J THE NIGHT IS DARK fraudûlenceof "open classrooms" within public Ridge Reseì.vation, wh ich resulted lege. All others arrested with and defendants. The wdrstöf AND I AM FAR FROM HOME schools, while Saturday Reviewchose parts which in the deaths of two FBI agents Agron have been released. He has these was the J uly 2 decision in belittled the and-eipecially in now submitted a spcond petition a of Jonathan Kozol "counterculture" and one Native Oglala, warrants which majority the court isolation from the rest for executive qlemency, after an penalty Ítoughton Mifflin I 1g7íl 2flt pages / hardcover, of Kozol's analysis-por- were issued for a number of stated that the death tiayçd most alternative projecti one was denied. To sup- 07.95 school as frivolous I ndian activists including Leonard earlier "does not invariably violate the or worse. Feltier, Anna Mae Aquash, who port Salvador's freedom write: Constitution." The barbarism of Kozol's Jonathan written work has ereatlv furthered ln his new book, The N¡ght ls Dark and I Am Far arrested at that time, was Covernor Hugh Carey, State murder by the State has been was allo understanding of how brutal econolú¡c iniustice is From Home, Kozol pushelus to shatter past il- i later found dead with a bullet hole Capitol, Albany, New York. abandoned in many nations, and replicated perpetuated , and by the nation;s massive lusions and see how school systems reprôsent and in head. To avoid such a fate, Stephen Kessler was a politi- this decision was noted allover her schooling ind.ustry-second only to the US defense sustain cruel social realities. Kozol confronts those Leonard Peltier fled to Canada cally active prisoner who was the world. The following is an ex- industry, and no less integral to maintenance of the readers who already view themselves as opponents where he was subsequently transferred from Oregon State cerpt from an editorial entitled q i I I $ptqs uo- By. um inati n g emotional/behavioral/ oJ thg military-i4dustrial complex to reçognìze that arrested and is now held in soli- Penitentiary to the infamous "Back to the Middle Ages?" in ideo.logical in{octrination èentral to the purposes ôf the distance between HfW añd the pentãgon is tary confinement, shackled and federal prison at Marion, lllinois the Melbourne, Australia Age: public schools, Kozol has thrown down án un- almost no distance at all. To oppose militaiism faced with extradition to the where he is in the disciplinary "H The truth is that the deter,rent gauntlet as compromising which has made him the un- embodied in the Defense Depãitment without United States. His case is in the Un¡t." Officially his transfer value of capital punishment has previous darling of many admirers-including opposing the repression impiemented by schools .t Canadian courts but the final de- resuhed from charges that he was never been proved. lt anything, numerous is "liberal" editors-who could easily abide like condemning the poisoned of a good rs true. . .The death fruits tree without cision on Leonard's extradition disruptingthe order of the the opposite hearing ábout barbaric inner-city schools but who also condemning poisoning 'will act the of the soil around it. be made by the Ministerof " prison by such tactics as penalty is a crude of retribu- cannot appreciat-e being told of their own complicity It is easy to want to subordinate criticisms of the ustice, Ronald Basford, Parlia- racial unity, collec- tive whenever and wher- J "promoting iustice, in systematic enforced suffering which pervacies thê book altogether. For the past several years Kozol Building, tivizing the inmate population, at-' ever it is carried out. ,t is a form of has ment Ottawa, Canada. nation and the world. been attacked and/or ignored by entrenched He should be flooded with tele- temptinþ to secure legislative ounishmënt . . . which cannot be Kozol's 'iustitied award-winning book about engineered "educators" and media precisely because of the grams and letters inquiries and gránd jury probes morally or on any other . urging that cruelty and neglect in Bolton,s racist pu6lic séf,oolr, deepest merits of his work, and because the niceties Leonard Feltier not be returned to into prison conditions." He,was' eround. A return by America to ' Death At 4n Early Age, was moving ând alarming, he picked up at Harvard are no longer apparent. He United States but should be also'charged with being involved íhe gas chamber or the electric yet the and did not seek to indict the ent¡re societv: nõw. is singing."Which side a¡e you on?" far too loudly immediately. radical'groups." chair now, after nine years, would years ' freed with "outside nine later,.Kozol speaks disparaging[ óf the and unambiguously for the likes of AFL-ClO teacher part be a terrible steP back into dark- Eldson McCþee is a black Viet- His transfer is of an attempt' book:.it was useful, yet "naive. " Free Scñoo/s, pub- union head Albert Shanker, the New YorkTimes, nam a to radica! dissent in state ness. veteran who became drug stifle lished i,n 1972, was selectively excerpted; Ramparts Saturday Review and other slick magazines, and'the as á of prisons. ln Marion hiò health has Gara addict result the Army's -LarrY piinted some of the best radical passages on the forces they represent. Kozol accuratèly denôunces 18WlN Aug.5, 197þ Aug. 5, 1976 W¡N 1e .T

,i ('lquality profoundly schooling.as.usual education," as it is being most in our own best interests, ' nation's community colleges, exposing the way in 12o/o complete four years of higher education; fewer in is essential for I known fashionable civic lingo), an.d he cries out for whatever our backgrounds. lt an af- which these institutions despite specious egalitarian than 5o/o graduate from professional and graduate ,cômmitment. person active mor"ál "Those who read in order fluent to see that his or her life-as designed and democratic pretensions are designed to limit the schools or ever attain an income over $20,000 are is hollow and emotionally to take action on their consequent beliefs-these by the ruling technocracy- social mobility of the students and to reinforce the Those who go to community collegqs may very of love and anger . the only readers I respect or look for,t' he writes. debilitating. lf feelings are stifled . status quo whilê ensuring that the studentslblame well not be sêcond best when they arrive,.but they of family setting, they have little chance St'ill, there are,radical critiques to be made in a suburban themselves for failing. lt is all very neat indeed-and generally are resigned to being so when t[ey leave. Kozol's recent writings. ln some respects he has of finding free expression out in the streets. How- very insidious. Even if they aren't, the chances are extrgmely poot little'sensitivity immense put, when radicalism is seen as activities shown towards the ever nobly iwuilìnã r first concern is about the hidden they will be anything other. So much for the¡otion of i mportance of process, incl uding relationsh ips comprehensively affecting only the quality of other function of schooling, what lvan lllich has designated "democracy's colleges," of institutions in the fore- among those who conceive'of themselves as people's lives, its power and longevity are relatively \ the "hidden curriculum" which though usually un- front of an egalitarian trend. . struggl i n g for fundamental change. muted. .geñerally " articulated, constítutes the schools' true Zwerling ñas a number of suggestions for alteririg Kozol is.quite capable of elucidating the faet although Kozol states that he is centrally Ài;, raison d'etre. Here Zwerli,ng,like his radicalfetlows, this state of affairs, even including the ultimate and with the horrendous brainwashing effects of concerned with dynamics of privilege and oppres- that-as concentrates on the socialization factor and on how necessary abolition of the community college. More public schooling-daily life has everythingto do with sion, he tàkes only thê most mincing steps toward the school contributes to the maintenance and immediately, however, he suggestsa he the character of existence; yet he seems to r€cognition that male privilege and the oppression of þrocess ultimate strengthening of the existing social ordå:r. "We must terms 'lheating up" which was developed at SICC in relegate concerR over áuthority as though it were a women permeate every aspect of the dominant social begin," he writes, "by seeingl'cil.rr schools' 'failureS' an Educational Development Seminar. The purpose minor, esoteric and perhaps self-indulgent order; the medical,, economic, socialand psycho- relatively to bê the successful fulfillment of their hidden social' of this course is first to inform students how they got concern, and thus misses some of the most'vital per- logical victimization of women goes almost un- function. " where they are- "that their presence in a ceptions which grew from the New Left and mentioned. The women's liberation movement ^- This socialization, as Kozoldescribes in even co¡nmunity college is at least as much the result of authenticcounterculture. seems to have affected him hardly at all. With many greater detail, begins at once in America,s schools. class, ethnicity, and the inadequacies of their prior Authoritarianisrn, in and bf itself in a of its elemental perceptions conspicuously absent -whether Zwerling, for instance, tells the story of how schooling as it is the fault of their own inherent ' failed one family unit, a school, or any other institution or from his writings, Kozol has to consciously student at Staten lsland Community College (where limitations." plants seeds for integrate feminist analysis into his communication counter-institution-mechanically he teaches) was weaned from wantíng to b"ecòme a Secoñdly, the course is meânt to develop the people has yet intimate and societal despotism. When be- and this seriously flaws the book. Kozol to doctor by consistently being told from elementary students' self-confidence and some realistic and yet 'come publicly the concept used to '(iust following orders,", then the embrace that-along with days that it was an im.possible thing to do, princiþally aSpiring tong räñge ptqns. As hedescribes it in tÉe pre- economic class privilege-male domina- authority of the orders' source becomes the racism and because she was black and female. By the i¡me she book, it sounds an intriguing idea-and a successful poisoning our lives and has just to go. dominant concern rather.than the content of those tion is þot had arrived at SICC, she had come to believe it one: at Staten lsland about 50% ofthe students are politicalor pedagogicopposition The Night ls Dark and I Am orderS. "l am not in Consequently, although herself, deciding that after all it would be more placed on proliation after their first semester. How- to the risk of adult imposition on a child's mind," Far From Home is acutely hqmane and frequently sensible to try and become a medical technician. The ever, only 7 .2o/o of fhose who participated in the Kozol writes in The Night ls Dark and I Am Far From brilliant, it remains an incomplete attack on major ' process by which she so "made up her own mind" to seminar were among them. Like other of Zwerlingls . Home; it is the inhuman nature of the values,,yet not bastions of privilege Norman Solomon reduce substantially her aspirations is known as ideas it bears looking into. the mbans of transmission, which he finds so ap- "cooling off" and it constitutes a prime function of Unfortunately, as provocative and as compelling palling. lf , in his statement, I substitute the word the community college. as this book is, it may very well not have the impact it "influence" for "imposition," I can agree. But not Cooling off is necessary, so the argument goes, ought on the structure and practices of the com- otherwise. 1 With our adult fixation on the decisions to because the glittering prizes which can be won in our munity college. After all (and as Zwerling extensive- be reached and not the means through which they. supposedly democratic (in fact largely hierarchical) ly documents), those who are pleased wifh the insti- power t are to be arrived at the reliance on wiJl society are limited. Thus there must be some way of tutions as they stand are enormously powerful. Long ago, Eugene Debs boomerang. commlnted regulating who gets them. lt is a commonplace of our These interests defend the cooling off process as if he could lead the people to socialism he would that / thinking that the determination is made by such necessary. Today they use meritocratic rhetoric to do not do it; because if they could be led to socialism meritocratic criteria as þigh test scores and good so and rest confident in the expectation that the SECOND BEST: The Crisis of the Community they could be led away from it later. school performance. ln fact, as radical critics suggest students who fail, as cornmunity college students so i pr:ocess: L. Steven Zwerling McGraw-Hill/ 3S2pp , ' Here is much of the importance of the College / / (and I think convincingly), class not merit is the real regularly do, will blame this result on themselves. legitimate power people arriving at solut¡ons of $10.00 determinant governing who will get to the top, But what would happen if students were no longer. ' 'i together, solutions unattainable without that because it is class which can.signally influÉnce the so gullible or so about accepting these process play The radical critique of Americá's classist educat¡onal þassive dialectical having free in the most outcome of b,oth testing and school performance. scarcely predestined fates? Would they then be al- (and has been bolstered by the serious sometimes unanticipated) ways.. institutions recently Coolíng off is a process wþich is carried out lowed to rise to the heights a supposedly meritocratic publication and compelling work. Children must have áä important role in this of new hard-hitting throughout the educational system; at the society offers them? would the deceptive rhetoric process; young people Kozol, for instance, still the enfant terrible Qr authentically liberating Jonathan community college level it is principally the job of of_today be replaced subtle, naked is abyss forty, þv ? þss cooling should not be viewed as merely recipients of com- of school critics though he on the of counselors. Contraîy to all the talk about off process, perhaps legislated to insure the released his often strident and self indulgent cri de munity wisdom, but also important contributors to it. "developing the total person" (the current catch prese¡vation of the status quo? lt is frightening to. This is not to say that children know as much about coeur, The Night ls Da,rk and l Am Far From Home phrase) and providing iñdividual attention, as' contemplate. last autumn. Fulsome though some of his prose may ''' the world as adults; this is to say that children know Zwerling convincingly demonltrates counselors are l;äi.Jv;nt, it i, to the likes of such intelligenf, , be, his thesis public education is designed : . a great deal that is of importance, some of which - that to actually subtly in thè business of undermining the torceful and humane critics as Kozol, Bowles and ciush initiative and creativity and to cohdition adults have lost touch wjth, and if we cannot all confidence of a substantial number of their students Cintis, and now Zwerlingthat we múst look for the is a cogent share togèther in that spirit then our future will be students to failure and low achievement and holding them back. They may, for instance, do reforms that will bring practice ând one. rhetoric . bleaker in no small measure. so by placing the studënts in remedial classes, together. lf they who are in the forefront of a crucial Next the newest book by that redoúbtable þutting Because he does not relate very much to the emci- çame them on probation or stressing the importance ôf a movement of our timés fail, millions will loose. tional censtriCtion which exists almost inevitably team Samuel Bowles ahd Herbert Cintis, Schooling (that career is terminal) rêther than a transfer Jeffrey L. Lant within nuclear families, Kozol labors under lilnita.' in Capitalist America.lt is an important book which . course. tions as to how to effectively call into action, into life points out that the necessities of the labor force As Zwerling demonstrátes, counselors are good at. Norman Solomon was on the staff of Edcentric and as cqnfining, change, people who have grown up in material com- demand that our education be cooling otf community college students. They thus ry¡ites frequently forWlN. Jeffrey L. Lanthotdia as it is. Ph.D. fort. (lt is those privileged people who are the restr¡ctive and unimaginative assist in the creation óf such appalling statist¡cs as in history from Harvard. primary subjects and targets of thè book.) I believe Now we have Steveh Zwerling's Sbcond Best; a these: uptoT5o/o of the students leave and never r,adicalism grows strongest when we come to see it as probe into the lamentable circumstances of the çeturn; fewer than 25o/o ever.graduate; fewer than I 20WlN Aug.5, 1976. Aue. 5, 1976 WIN ?J i '¡I I t

Bumperstickers: "BOYCOTT THE .Position available- HUNCER PROCRAM CO- ORDINATOR at Clergy and Laity Concerned. Must BUY-CENTENNIAL"; "lS THIS WHAT OUR A Film bv Creen Mountain Post Films, document¡ng Sam .. A REVOLUTIqN FOR?" have familiar¡ty with causes qf world hunger, and ANCESTORS FOUCHT Loveiov's toppling of a 500 foot steel weather tower erected by a (others) Newvernon, NJ 07976. role of American agr¡business; comm¡tment to PEOPII,S 501 each COLT, on the site of a proposed nuclear power peace and organizing, fund-raising, writing r..âr'uiil¡tu é,j.oãnv iustice; in 1974 This f ilm articulation skills; willingness to work olant in Montacue, Massachusetts , . EMPLOYMENÏ and after Sam hitched a ride to the local imag¡nat¡on and creativity. Reli gious thronicles whai followed, , OPPORTUNITIES collectively; feet of twisted wreckage, and Will coordinate national 0 I ælice station. leaving behind 349 nl.ffinN involvement desireable. decrying the dangers ot nuclêar-power Position available- OFFICE COORDINATOR, agribusiness taskforce, develop campaign; iubmitted a statement government and the utility industry ot Student Organ¡zing Proiect, U/Mass, Amherst. imolement inter¡m activity at nat'1, local level; ind accus¡ns the . lt covers his trial, six months later' Will catalogue, organ¡ze resources for use by deüelop resource and production work; participate c¡,nsoiracv ind despot¡sm. MARD disobedience as "self act of c¡vil students involved in union organizing; facilitate in gen. off. admin., esp.. fundraising. Long hours, ;î;å h;$¡";¡"d'his aèquitted of "willf ul and IF communication; provide prof . adVice, guidance; su6sistencè pay. Resumes/inquiries: Rick äËÀä:;;;; ;;i ,liimatelv . . personal property," a tive-yearÌelony participate with students in such organizing. Boardman, CALC, 235 E.49th, NYC 1OOi7. mal¡cious destruction of Þrimary resp. for maint. offices as accessible, ADoear¡ns in the film are: Charles Bragg, vice-presl.dent o1 informat¡on oltlcer ror a2 Y effective organizing tool. Must have exp. and NEWSLETTER N;rtheasautilities; William Semanie, Pos¡tion aviilable- people present¡ng.thelr rcws; involvemeni with advocacy or change or¡ented org., dt Clergy and Laity the lr4ontasue plant; many local EDITOR/MEMBERSHIP on behalt of 5am, ur' pref. in higher ed.; exp. in prof. staffcapacity Full time. Coordinate and develop the iurv: añd two experts who testified C-oncerned. physicist, tormerly wlth tne preferred; exp. using news media and planning meinbership program, produce monthly tonn Cãfman, a noded nuclear PUBLICATIONS professor at Boston University and inedia strategy; layout, design, graphics skills newsletter. Must have writing and editing skills, ÂfC. and Howard Zinn, a the legitimacy of civil disobedience' Can education lead to peace and world under- desired; skills & exp. w¡th org. dev. and inst. reason'able typing abil¡ty, layout exp. desired, not iã""cate of stand¡ng? Sample copy: JOURNAL OF WORLD change (goal clarif ication, indeqtifying problems, nec.; comm¡tment to peace and social ¡ustice; ""-.Itlp.t "^ EDUCATION,3 Harbor Hill Drive, Hunt¡ngton, partic¡pat¡on, dev. strategy, group dynamics, willingness to work collectively Religious N.Y. 11743. leadersh ip dev., support, facil¡tatin g inter-group involvément desirable. Responsibilities include' w¡th ¡n others in .t cooperat¡on, etc.) exp. training sol¡€it¡ng, editing, typ¡n8, laying out, etc. of . PUBLIC NOTICE these skills. Resumes/inquiries: Search newsletter: maintenance of CALC membership Comm¡ttee, SOP, RSO838, SUB, Un¡v. Mass., program, i.e., list maintenance, monthly renewals, NUCLEAR WAR" will be ACONFERENCE SHARE RESOURCES FOR 'lLOVEJOY'S TO Amherst, M,{01002. ôutreach and development; partic¡pation in gen. PERSONAL & SOCIAL CHANCE: An AFSC aired on WNET, chanirel 13 in New York, . admin, Resumes/inquiries: Rick Boardman, in Vermont, Aug. 2g-Sept. 5. Part¡ci- off conference CALC,235 E.49th St., NYC 10017. with a selection of other fine NO'NUKES Dants'own resources w¡ll be called upon along with ipecial resource peopleon Food, Work, Housing, on Thursday, August Sth, the eve of Position avaitable ORCANIZATIONAL Posit3ons available Woolman Hill, alternative films, Heahh and Money. lnfo: AFSC,48 lnman St., - - DEVELOPMENT COORDI NATOR, Student high school/farm community seeks residential 31st Commemoration of the Atomic Cambridge, MA 021 39 (61 7-864-3150) the Organiz¡ng Pro¡ect, U/Mass, Amherst. Serve in stáff : FARMER, WOODSPERSON, at w¡th studènt MAINTENANCE/ALTERNATIVE ENERCY Eombing of Hiroshima, I Pm. ' PRODUCTS both resource & admin. capacity organizing efforts. Will provide prof . guidance, PERSON. Rgply: W.H., Deerfield, M401342. DON'T MISS IT! T-SHIRTS AND TOTE-BACS CUSTOM.PRI NTED advice to students carrying on organizing related to by movement-oriented silkscreen pr¡nter'.Cet your dev. of student union, inc. student-¡nitiated ¡nst. message across in a unique way. Reasonable rates. change, est. of student-controlled dorms, depts., "Loveioy's Nuclear War is notonl1 a Kip Shaw, Meredith, New York 13805. services. Actual participation w/ students in implementing programs this aréa. Will have résp. Posilions available- New Midv¡'est Research warmly human chronicle of a lnst¡tute ish, socially-conscious. non- MAII o;DER CATALOGUE OF WOMEN.S, for training programs. Qualif ications: adv. training, seeks unself al careerist, MA-PhD MOVEMENT economists, confrontation with the nuclear'industri LABOR, FOLK AND OTHER POLITTCAL org. dev. methodology, skills, and teaching same, politicàl scientists. etc. MUST be able to get RECORDS, Send 25C: Bread & Roses, 17242ÛthSr. regúired; exp., involvement ¡n prof. staff capac¡ty S.rants establishment; it is an effective'tool for with advocacy of change related orgs., pref. ¡n and raise funds. Semi-scholarly studies on war- NW, DC,2m09. c "- Friends of the higher ed. setting; knowledge, exp., skills, pèace reconversion, etc. READ Cross and educating citizens... New Professionals" pp 33-77, o NONCOMPETITIVE GAMES fór chililren and practices related to org. dev. and inst, change. (See Osterman "The f Earth (Not Man Apart) Terkel "Working" pp 525-527, 537 -54O, z adults. Play together not aga¡nst each other' Free ad above. ) Resumes/inquiriês: Search Committee, Studs Drd¡fus "Radical Lifestyles." Midwest catalog: Family Past¡mes, RR 4, Perth, Ontario, SOP, RSO 838, SUB, Univ. Mass., Amherst, MA Claud¡a lnstitute, 1206 N 6th St.,43201. Canada K7H 3C6. 01002. ì =5 o z a ,t Sam Loveiov's Nuclear War is availâble fór rental or sale from Creen Móuñta¡n Post Films, Box 177, Montague, . Subscribe to WIN and get 44 weeks of news, comment and articles on movements and individuals working for Peace and Massachusetts.01351 Freedom thru Nonviolät Action-plus a free bonus for new subscribers: your choice of two fascinating books.

Eric Bentley portrays Galileo as a spoiled darling of the esta,blishment until he fails to In The Recent¡tlon of G¡tlleo Galllel, TH¡S FAIL? óãnVince his contemporaries of his view of the Uriiyersg. Only then does he rebel, je-cgming a social and scientific revolu' MOVING tionary. This illustrated historical drama, list $3.25, is free with a.subscription to WIN. Now is ih" t¡rn" to tell us, because.the next t¡me we enter " only- a o.f poetry by Vietnam War Veterans, it is lf you do not You might also choose Wnnlng Hearts ¡¡rd Mlnds. Thjs iq not collection cnìneei in ihe mailing list will be late Au¡lust' . also a tãst of your humanity." (New York Times Book Review). tist $1.95 free with a subscriþtion to WIN. *"iitã'.,..irt Wtñ tfr¡lfall, ptease give us your new address in Love, MarY GlveWNtoaFrlend , time. Ifvou alreadv subscribe, whv not send TIIN to a friend, or better yet, lots offriends? We'll send one book for every order to yoïr or to yoúr friend(s)-and send an attractive gift card to the recipient in your name.

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i: AIïOTIruR AIVIERICA WAR RESISTERS TEAGTIE I97 6 NATIONAT CONTERENCE August 11-14, I;Yl6

From Wednesday afternoon on Auguet 11 through . An hour a day will be set aside to give us a chance to Saturday afternoon, August 14, the War Ro¡leters get to know each other better and share ideas and con- læague will meet for our annu¡l conforence ¡t the cerns in small groups Brandywine Hilltop YMCA Camp ln Downlngúown PA The conference ends with a plenary session Saturday (30 miles from Philadelphta). morning, lunch, and recreation and exhibits in the after- noon. (No dinner provided unless you have mede ad- There is rhore to America than plastic flag lapel pins, and vance arrangements.) Saturday evening through Monday more to its history than fifes ãnd drums and guns and noon the National Committee will meet. Because snother battlefields.'The WRL Calendar of 1976 (and past years) group will be at the camp from Sunday on, WRL con- has illûstrated how Americans have struggled and or- ference members (other than National Committee) may ganized nonviolent ways for many freedoms, still so im-' not stay at the camp but are welcome to seek hospitality 't. þerfectly achieved; and how we are building alternatives with \{RL members in the area. (or io produce, consume not), learn, live collectively and Write to the IYRL National Office for your Çonference run our lives. brochure and registration form'as s

WAR RESISTERS TEAGTIE 339ldryette Sf. NewYorkrNY f0012 (2t2t22t-M5i0